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Sun X, Cai Y, Wang D. Enhanced Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Production by a Newly Isolated Bacillus halotolerans F29. J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s12275-024-00153-w. [PMID: 39164498 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a promising biopolymer for various applications. In this study, we isolated a novel γ-PGA-producing strain, Bacillus halotolerans F29. The one-factor-at-a-time method was used to investigate the influence of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and culture parameters on γ-PGA production. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were sucrose and (NH4)2SO4, respectively. The optimal culture conditions for γ-PGA production were determined to be 37 °C and a pH of 5.5. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum medium components: 77.6 g/L sucrose, 43.0 g/L monosodium glutamate, and 2.2 g/L K2HPO4. The γ-PGA titer increased significantly from 8.5 ± 0.3 g/L to 20.7 ± 0.7 g/L when strain F29 was cultivated in the optimized medium. Furthermore, the γ-PGA titer reached 50.9 ± 1.5 g/L with a productivity of 1.33 g/L/h and a yield of 2.23 g of γ-PGA/g of L-glutamic acid with the optimized medium in fed-batch fermentation. The maximum γ-PGA titer reached 45.3 ± 1.1 g/L, with a productivity of 1.06 g/L/h when molasses was used as a carbon source. It should be noted that the γ-PGA yield in this study was the highest of all reported studies, indicating great potential for the industrial production of γ-PGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Sun
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyu Cai
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dexin Wang
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Jiang C, Zhao G, Wang H, Zheng W, Zhang R, Wang L, Zheng Z. Comparative genomics analysis and transposon mutagenesis provides new insights into high menaquinone-7 biosynthetic potential of Bacillus subtilis natto. Gene 2024; 907:148264. [PMID: 38346457 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This research combined Whole-Genome sequencing, intraspecific comparative genomics and transposon mutagenesis to investigate the menaquinone-7 (MK-7) synthesis potential in Bacillus subtilis natto. First, Whole-Genome sequencing showed that Bacillus subtilis natto BN-P15-11-1 contains one single circular chromosome in size of 3,982,436 bp with a GC content of 43.85 %, harboring 4,053 predicted coding genes. Next, the comparative genomics analysis among strain BN-P15-11-1 with model Bacillus subtilis 168 and four typical Bacillus subtilis natto strains proves that the closer evolutionary relationship Bacillus subtilis natto BN-P15-11-1 and Bacillus subtilis 168 both exhibit strong biosynthetic potential. To further dig for MK-7 biosynthesis latent capacity of BN-P15-11-1, we constructed a mutant library using transposons and a high throughput screening method using microplates. We obtained a YqgQ deficient high MK-7 yield strain F4 with a yield 3.02 times that of the parent strain. Experiments also showed that the high yield mutants had defects in different transcription and translation regulatory factor genes, indicating that regulatory factor defects may affect the biosynthesis and accumulation of MK-7 by altering the overall metabolic level. The findings of this study will provide more novel insights on the precise identification and rational utilization of the Bacillus subtilis subspecies for biosynthesis latent capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxu Jiang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Genhai Zhao
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wenqian Zheng
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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3
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Elbanna K, Alsulami FS, Neyaz LA, Abulreesh HH. Poly (γ) glutamic acid: a unique microbial biopolymer with diverse commercial applicability. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348411. [PMID: 38414762 PMCID: PMC10897055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial biopolymers have emerged as promising solutions for environmental pollution-related human health issues. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), a natural anionic polymeric compound, is composed of highly viscous homo-polyamide of D and L-glutamic acid units. The extracellular water solubility of PGA biopolymer facilitates its complete biodegradation and makes it safe for humans. The unique properties have enabled its applications in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, water treatment, foods, and other domains. It is applied as a thickener, taste-masking agent, stabilizer, texture modifier, moisturizer, bitterness-reducing agent, probiotics cryoprotectant, and protein crystallization agent in food industries. γ-PGA is employed as a biological adhesive, drug carrier, and non-viral vector for safe gene delivery in tissue engineering, pharmaceuticals, and medicine. It is also used as a moisturizer to improve the quality of hair care and skincare cosmetic products. In agriculture, it serves as an ideal stabilizer, environment-friendly fertilizer synergist, plant-growth promoter, metal biosorbent in soil washing, and animal feed additive to reduce body fat and enhance egg-shell strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Fatimah S Alsulami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena A Neyaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Qian J, Wang Y, Hu Z, Shi T, Wang Y, Ye C, Huang H. Bacillus sp. as a microbial cell factory: Advancements and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108278. [PMID: 37898328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. is one of the most distinctive gram-positive bacteria, able to grow efficiently using cheap carbon sources and secrete a variety of useful substances, which are widely used in food, pharmaceutical, agricultural and environmental industries. At the same time, Bacillus sp. is also recognized as a safe genus with a relatively clear genetic background, which is conducive to the industrial production of target metabolites. In this review, we discuss the reasons why Bacillus sp. has been so extensively studied and summarize its advances in systems and synthetic biology, engineering strategies to improve microbial cell properties, and industrial applications in several metabolic engineering applications. Finally, we present the current challenges and possible solutions to provide a reliable basis for Bacillus sp. as a microbial cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Qian
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zijian Hu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Tianqiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Yuetong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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5
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Manzano-Gómez LA, Rincón-Rosales R, Flores-Felix JD, Gen-Jimenez A, Ruíz-Valdiviezo VM, Ventura-Canseco LMC, Rincón-Molina FA, Villalobos-Maldonado JJ, Rincón-Molina CI. Cost-Effective Cultivation of Native PGPB Sinorhizobium Strains in a Homemade Bioreactor for Enhanced Plant Growth. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:960. [PMID: 37627845 PMCID: PMC10451550 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of bioreactor systems for the production of bacterial inoculants as biofertilizers has become very important in recent decades. However, it is essential to know the bacterial growth optimal conditions to optimize the production and efficiency of bioinoculants. The aim of this work was to identify the best nutriment and mixing conditions to improve the specific cell growth rates (µ) of two PGPB (plant growth-promoting bacteria) rhizobial strains at the bioreactor level. For this purpose, the strains Sinorhizobium mexicanum ITTG-R7T and Sinorhizobium chiapanecum ITTG-S70T were previously reactivated in a PY-Ca2+ (peptone casein, yeast extract, and calcium) culture medium. Afterward, a master cell bank (MCB) was made in order to maintain the viability and quality of the strains. The kinetic characterization of each bacterial strain was carried out in s shaken flask. Then, the effect of the carbon and nitrogen sources and mechanical agitation was evaluated through a factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) for cell growth optimization, where µ was considered a response variable. The efficiency of biomass production was determined in a homemade bioreactor, taking into account the optimal conditions obtained during the experiment conducted at the shaken flask stage. In order to evaluate the biological quality of the product obtained in the bioreactor, the bacterial strains were inoculated in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. Jamapa) plants under bioclimatic chamber conditions. The maximum cell growth rate in both PGPB strains was obtained using a Y-Ca2+ (yeast extract and calcium) medium and stirred at 200 and 300 rpm. Under these growth conditions, the Sinorhizobium strains exhibited a high nitrogen-fixing capacity, which had a significant (p < 0.05) impact on the growth of the test plants. The bioreactor system was found to be an efficient alternative for the large-scale production of PGPB rhizobial bacteria, which are intended for use as biofertilizers in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Manzano-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, 3R Biotec SA de CV, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29000, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Reiner Rincón-Rosales
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | | | - Adriana Gen-Jimenez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | - Lucia María Cristina Ventura-Canseco
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | - Francisco Alexander Rincón-Molina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | - Juan José Villalobos-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | - Clara Ivette Rincón-Molina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
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6
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Zhang H, Liang Z, Zhao M, Ma Y, Luo Z, Li S, Xu H. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Ectoine Production With a Fermentation Strategy of Supplementing the Amino Donor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:824859. [PMID: 35145959 PMCID: PMC8822159 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.824859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoine, an osmotic pressure-compensated solute, is used in the food, agriculture, medicine, and cosmetics industries due to its ability to protect macromolecules. In this study, an ectoine-producing variant of Escherichia coli, ET08, was genetically constructed by introducing the ectABC gene cluster and eliminating metabolic pathways involving lysine and pyruvate. Medium optimization enhanced ectoine production from 1.87 to 10.2 g/L. Analysis of the transcriptional levels revealed that supplementation with ammonium sulfate enhanced the metabolic flux towards the biosynthesis of ectoine. Furthermore, by optimizing the copy number of ectA, ectB, and ectC, the recombinant E. coli ET11 (ectA:ectB:ectC = 1:2:1) produced 12.9 g/L ectoine in the shake flask and 53.2 g/L ectoine in a fed-batch fermenter, representing the highest ectoine titer produced by E. coli, which has great industrial prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengshan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Sha Li, ; Hong Xu,
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Sha Li, ; Hong Xu,
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7
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Wang L, Chen S, Yu B. Poly-γ-glutamic acid: Recent achievements, diverse applications and future perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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8
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Ruiz Sella SRB, Bueno T, de Oliveira AAB, Karp SG, Soccol CR. Bacillus subtilis natto as a potential probiotic in animal nutrition. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:355-369. [PMID: 33563053 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1858019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing global demand for animal products and processed meat has created a challenge for the livestock sector to enhance animal productivity without compromising product quality. The restriction of antibiotics in animal feeds as growth promoters makes the use of probiotics a natural and safe alternative to obtain functional foods that provide animal health and quality and to maintain food safety for consumers. To incorporate these additives into the diet, detailed studies are required, in which in vitro and in vivo assays are used to prove the efficacy and to ensure the safety of probiotic candidate strains. Studies on the use of Bacillus subtilis natto as a spore-forming probiotic bacterium in animal nutrition have shown no hazardous effects and have demonstrated the effectiveness of its use as a probiotic, mainly due to its proven antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, enzymatic, and immunomodulatory activity. This review summarizes the recent scientific background on the probiotic effects of B. subtilis natto in animal nutrition. It focuses on its safety assessment, host-associated efficacy, and industrial requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R B Ruiz Sella
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Departament of Research and Development, Production and Research Centre of Immunobiological Products, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Piraquara, Brazil
| | - Tarcila Bueno
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Biotechnology Coordination, Federal Institute of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angelo A B de Oliveira
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Li L, Liu Y, Jiang L, Ding S, Chen G, Liang Z, Zeng W. Effects of cell physiological structure on the fermentation broth viscosity during poly-γ-glutamic acid production by Bacillus subtilis GXA-28. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:271-280. [PMID: 32935163 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The high viscosity of fermentation broth limited the further improvement of PGA titer. Our previous studies indicated that adding KCl to the medium could decrease the fermentation broth viscosity and improve the PGA titer. In order to clarify the reason, effects of cell physiological structure on the fermentation broth viscosity were investigated. Results from cell morphology observation showed that the reduction of cell aggregation caused by the weakened cross-linking between PGA and cells might be an important reason for the decrease in the fermentation broth viscosity. Besides, when 201.2 mM KCl was added to the medium, the zeta potential of cell surface decreased from - 70.48 ± 3.35 mV to - 81 ± 2.46 mV. The cell membrane integrity was reduced and permeability was enhanced. Furthermore, the percentage of lauric acid C12:0 in cell membrane increased by 12.36%, but palmitic acid C16:0 and stearic acid C18:0 decreased by 6.83% and 5.64%, respectively, which improved the fluidity of cell membrane. The above changes in cell membrane further affect the cross-linking between PGA and cells, thereby playing an important role in reducing the fermentation broth viscosity. This study provided some novel information for understanding the decrease of PGA fermentation broth viscosity by KCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Su Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Guiguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqun Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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10
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Zhou HY, Wu WJ, Xu YY, Zhou B, Niu K, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Calcium Carbonate Addition Improves L-Methionine Biosynthesis by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli W3110-BL. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:300. [PMID: 32426336 PMCID: PMC7212366 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Methionine (L-Met) is a sulfur-containing amino acid, which is one of the eight essential amino acids to human body. In this work, the fermentative production of L-Met with genetically engineered Escherichia coli W3110-BL in a 5-L fermentor was enhanced through supplement of Ca2+ into the fermentation medium. With the addition of 30 g/L calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the titer of L-Met and yield against glucose reached 1.48 g/L and 0.09 mol/mol glucose, 57.45% higher than those of the control, respectively. The flux balance analysis (FBA) revealed that addition of CaCO3 strengthened the tricarboxylic acid cycle and increased the intracellular ATP concentration by 39.28%. The re-distribution of carbon, ATP, and cofactors flux may collaborate to improve L-Met biosynthesis with E. coli W3110-BL. The regulation of citrate synthase and oxidative phosphorylation pathway was proposed to be important for overproduction of L-Met. These foundations provide helpful reference in the following metabolic modification or fermentation control for further improvement of L-Met biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang-Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Wang D, Hwang JS, Kim DH, Lee S, Kim DH, Joe MH. A newly isolated Bacillus siamensis SB1001 for mass production of poly-γ-glutamic acid. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Xu M, Li J, Shu Q, Tang M, Zhang X, Yang T, Xu Z, Rao Z. Enhancement of L-arginine production by increasing ammonium uptake in an AmtR-deficient Corynebacterium crenatum mutant. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1155-1166. [PMID: 31203489 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
L-Arginine is an important amino acid with extensive application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The efficiency of nitrogen uptake and assimilation by organisms is extremely important for L-arginine production. In this study, a strain engineering strategy focusing on upregulate intracellular nitrogen metabolism in Corynebacterium crenatum for L-arginine production was conducted. Firstly, the nitrogen metabolism global transcriptional regulator AmtR was deleted, which has demonstrated the beneficial effect on L-arginine production. Subsequently, this strain was engineered by overexpressing the ammonium transporter AmtB to increase the uptake of NH4+ and L-arginine production. To overcome the drawbacks of using a plasmid to express amtB, Ptac, a strong promoter with amtB gene fragment, was integrated into the amtR region on the chromosome in the Corynebacterium crenatum/ΔamtR. The final strain results in L-arginine production at a titer of 60.9 g/L, which was 35.14% higher than that produced by C. crenatum SYPA5-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangnan University (Rugao) Food Biotechnology Research Institute, Rugao, 226500, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qunfeng Shu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mi Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Enhanced Low Molecular Weight Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Production in Recombinant Bacillus subtilis 1A751 with Zinc Ion. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:411-423. [PMID: 31037584 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a novel biodegradable polyamide material. Microbial fermentation is the only way to produce γ-PGA, but the molecular weight of γ-PGA varied depending on different strains and culture conditions used. The molecular weight of γ-PGA is a main factor affecting the utilization of γ-PGA. It is urgent to find an efficient way to prepare γ-PGA with specific molecular weight, especially low molecular weight. Bacillus subtilis ECUST is a glutamate-dependent strain that produces γ-PGA. In this study, a recombinant B. subtilis harboring the γ-PGA synthase gene cluster pgsBCAE of our preciously identified γ-PGA-producing B. subtilis ECUST was constructed. Assay of γ-PGA contents and properties showed that recombinant B. subtilis 1A751-pBNS2-pgsBCAE obtained the ability to synthesize γ-PGA with low molecular weight (about 10 kDa). The excessive addition of glutamate inhibited the γ-PGA synthesis, while the addition of Zn2+ could promote the synthesis of γ-PGA by increasing the transcription of pgsB but had no effect on the molecular weight of synthesized γ-PGA. Under optimized conditions, γ-PGA produced by recombinant B. subtilis 1A751-pBNS2-pgsBCAE increased from initial 0.54 g/L to 3.9 g/L, and the glutamate conversion rate reached 78%. Recombinant B. subtilis 1A751-pBNS2-pgsBCAE has the potential for efficient preparation of low molecular weight γ-PGA.
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14
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Optimization of γ-polyglutamic acid synthesis using response surface methodology of a newly isolated glutamate dependent Bacillus velezensis Z3. Int Microbiol 2019; 21:143-152. [PMID: 30810954 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-0011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A new glutamate-dependent γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) producer Z3 isolated from soil samples in Daxinganling forest region of China was identified, and its optimal medium components were investigated using response surface methodology. Strain Z3 was identified as Bacillus velezensis by physiology and biochemistry and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. This is the first report of glutamate-dependent B. velezensis with the ability to synthesize γ-PGA. Then, the optimum γ-PGA yield (5.58 g/L) was achieved with glutamate 86 g/L, glucose 36 g/L, yeast extract powder 5.5 g/L, and NaH2PO4 7.5 g/L. Furthermore, activities of enzymes participating in glutamate synthesis were assessed, and the results showed that lower ketoglutaric dehydrogenase activity (KGDH) and higher glutamate dehydrogenase activity (GDH) resulted in higher γ-PGA yield. Identification of glutamate-dependent γ-PGA producer named B. velezensis Z3 enriches microbiological resources with γ-PGA-producing capacity. B. velezensis optimization of nutrients and analysis of enzymes activities will not only help to increase γ-PGA productivity but also to understand the γ-PGA synthesis mechanism in B. velezensis Z3.
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15
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Zhu R, Gao X, Xiao Y, Yang N, Jin Y. Improved performance in γ-polyglutamic acid production by Bacillus subtilis LX on industrial scale by impeller retrofitting and its unstructured microbial growth kinetics model. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:307-314. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1541810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyan Zhu
- Applied Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaojia Gao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province, Leading Bio-agriculture Co. Ltd, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province, Leading Bio-agriculture Co. Ltd, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Na Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province, Leading Bio-agriculture Co. Ltd, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yangzhuoyue Jin
- Applied Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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16
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Sha Y, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Li S, Feng X, Wang M, Xu H. Efficient Biosynthesis of Low-Molecular-Weight Poly-γ-glutamic Acid by Stable Overexpression of PgdS Hydrolase in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NB. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:282-290. [PMID: 30543111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight poly-γ-glutamic acid (LMW-γ-PGA) has attracted much attention owing to its great potential in food, agriculture, medicine, and cosmetics. Current methods of LMW-γ-PGA production, including enzymatic hydrolysis, are associated with low operational stability. Here, an efficient method for stable biosynthesis of LMW-γ-PGA was conceived by overexpression of γ-PGA hydrolase in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NB. To establish stable expression of γ-PGA hydrolase (PgdS) during fermentation, a novel plasmid pNX01 was constructed with a native replicon from endogenous plasmid p2Sip, showing a loss rate of 4% after 100 consecutive passages. Subsequently, this plasmid was applied in a screen of high activity PgdS hydrolase, leading to substantial improvements to γ-PGA titer with concomitant decrease in the molecular weight. Finally, a satisfactory yield of 17.62 ± 0.38 g/L LMW-γ-PGA with a weight-average molecular weight of 20-30 kDa was achieved by direct fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke tuber extract. Our study presents a potential method for commercial production of LMW-γ-PGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Yibin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Zongqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Xiaohai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Mingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
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17
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Anticandidal Potential of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Dryopteris Uniformis (Makino). Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.69878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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18
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Xu D, Yao H, Cao C, Xu Z, Li S, Xu Z, Zhou J, Feng X, Xu H. Enhancement of ε-poly-l-lysine production by overexpressing the ammonium transporter gene in Streptomyces albulus PD-1. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1337-1345. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Feng J, Shi Q, Zhou G, Wang L, Chen A, Xie X, Huang X, Hu W. Improved production of poly-γ-glutamic acid with low molecular weight under high ferric ion concentration stress in Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945a. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Glutamate dehydrogenase (RocG) in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02: Enzymatic properties and specific functions in glutamic acid synthesis for poly-γ-glutamic acid production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 99:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto Strain CGMCC 2108, a High Producer of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00426-16. [PMID: 27231363 PMCID: PMC4882944 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00426-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the 4.1-Mb draft genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto strain CGMCC 2108, a high producer of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA). This sequence will provide further help for the biosynthesis of γ-PGA and will greatly facilitate research efforts in metabolic engineering of B. subtilis subsp. natto strain CGMCC 2108.
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22
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Zeng W, Liang Z, Li Z, Bian Y, Li Z, Tang Z, Chen G. Regulation of poly-γ-glutamic acid production in Bacillus subtilis GXA-28 by potassium. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Peng Y, Zhang T, Mu W, Miao M, Jiang B. Intracellular synthesis of glutamic acid in Bacillus methylotrophicus SK19.001, a glutamate-independent poly(γ-glutamic acid)-producing strain. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:66-72. [PMID: 26112100 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus methylotrophicus SK19.001 is a glutamate-independent strain that produces poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA), a polymer of D- and L-glutamic acids that possesses applications in food, the environment, agriculture, etc. This study was undertaken to explore the synthetic pathway of intracellular L- and D-glutamic acid in SK19.001 by investigating the effects of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and different amino acids as metabolic precursors on the production of γ-PGA and analyzing the activities of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of L- and D-glutamate. RESULTS Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and amino acids could participate in the synthesis of γ-PGA via independent pathways in SK19.001. L-Aspartate aminotransferase, L-glutaminase and L-glutamate synthase were the enzymatic sources of L-glutamate. Glutamate racemase was responsible for the formation of D-glutamate for the synthesis of γ-PGA, and the synthetase had stereoselectivity for glutamate substrate. CONCLUSION The enzymatic sources of L-glutamate were investigated for the first time in the glutamate-independent γ-PGA-producing strain, and multiple enzymatic sources of L-glutamate were verified in SK19.001, which will benefit efforts to improve production of γ-PGA with metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 22400, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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24
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Calcium regulates glutamate dehydrogenase and poly-γ-glutamic acid synthesis in Bacillus natto. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:673-9. [PMID: 26712367 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-2023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Ca(2+) on glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and its role in poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) synthesis in Bacillus natto HSF 1410. RESULTS When the concentration of Ca(2+) varied from 0 to 0.1 g/l in the growth medium of B. natto HSF 1410, γ-PGA production increased from 6.8 to 9.7 g/l, while GDH specific activity and NH4Cl consumption improved from 183 to 295 U/mg and from 0.65 to 0.77 g/l, respectively. GDH with α-ketoglutarate as substrate primarily used NADPH as coenzyme with a K m of 0.08 mM. GDH was responsible for the synthesis of endogenous glutamate. The specific activity of GDH remained essentially unchanged in the presence of CaCl2 (0.05-0.2 g/l) in vitro. However, the specific activity of GDH and its expression was significantly increased by CaCl2 in vivo. Therefore, the regulation of GDH and PGA synthesis by Ca(2+) is an intracellular process. CONCLUSION Calcium regulation may be an effective approach for producing γ-PGA on an industrial scale.
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25
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Ren Y, Huang B, Meng Y, Wei L, Zhang C. Metabolic and phylogenetic analyses based on nitrogen in a new poly-γ-glutamic acid-producing strain of Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1221-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Feng J, Gu Y, Sun Y, Han L, Yang C, Zhang W, Cao M, Song C, Gao W, Wang S. Metabolic engineering of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) overproduction. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 7:446-55. [PMID: 24986065 PMCID: PMC4229325 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We constructed a metabolically engineered glutamate-independent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain with considerable γ-PGA production. It was carried out by double-deletion of the cwlO gene and epsA-O cluster, as well as insertion of the vgb gene in the bacteria chromosome. The final generated strain NK-PV elicited the highest production of γ-PGA (5.12 g l(-1)), which was 63.2% higher than that of the wild-type NK-1 strain (3.14 g l(-1)). The γ-PGA purity also improved in the NK-PV strain of 80.4% compared with 76.8% for the control. Experiments on bacterial biofilm formation experiment showed that NK-1 and NK-c (ΔcwlO) strains can form biofilm; the epsA-O deletion NK-7 and NK-PV strains could only form an incomplete biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Yanyan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Lifang Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
| | - Cunjiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Weixia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
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27
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Enzymatic production of α-ketoglutaric acid from l-glutamic acid via l-glutamate oxidase. J Biotechnol 2014; 179:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Zeng W, Chen G, Wang Q, Zheng S, Shu L, Liang Z. Metabolic studies of temperature control strategy on poly(γ-glutamic acid) production in a thermophilic strain Bacillus subtilis GXA-28. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:104-110. [PMID: 24434700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A thermophilic strain Bacillus subtilis GXA-28 with capability of γ-PGA production was characterized, and its product was identified. The effect of temperatures on cell growth, γ-PGA yield and molecular weight were investigated. Results showed that γ-PGA yield reached 19.92g/L at 45°C with a high productivity of 0.91g/L/h, and the molecular weight reached 3.03×10(6)Da. Then, the flux distribution and the key enzyme activities at 2-oxoglutarate branch under specified temperature were determined to illustrate the possible metabolic mechanism contributing to the improved γ-PGA production. Results indicated that the fluxes from iso-citrate to 2-oxoglutarate and from 2-oxoglutarate to glutamate were increased with high activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase, which led to enhance γ-PGA production. This work firstly employed temperature control strategy to improve γ-PGA production, and provided novel information on the metabolic mechanism of γ-PGA biosynthesis in Bacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Guiguang Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuangfeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin Shu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
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29
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Zhang H, Zhu J, Zhu X, Cai J, Zhang A, Hong Y, Huang J, Huang L, Xu Z. High-level exogenous glutamic acid-independent production of poly-(γ-glutamic acid) with organic acid addition in a new isolated Bacillus subtilis C10. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 116:241-6. [PMID: 22522018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A new exogenous glutamic acid-independent γ-PGA producing strain was isolated and characterized as Bacillus subtilis C10. The factors influencing the endogenous glutamic acid supply and the biosynthesis of γ-PGA in this strain were investigated. The results indicated that citric acid and oxalic acid showed the significant capability to support the overproduction of γ-PGA. This stimulated increase of γ-PGA biosynthesis by citric acid or oxalic acid was further proved in the 10 L fermentor. To understand the possible mechanism contributing to the improved γ-PGA production, the activities of four key intracellular enzymes were measured, and the possible carbon fluxes were proposed. The result indicated that the enhanced level of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity caused by oxalic acid was important for glutamic acid synthesized de novo from glucose. Moreover, isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were the positive regulators of glutamic acid biosynthesis, while 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (ODHC) was the negative one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Bajaj I, Singhal R. Poly (glutamic acid)--an emerging biopolymer of commercial interest. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:5551-61. [PMID: 21377358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly (γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) is water-soluble, anionic, biodegradable, and edible biopolymer produced by Bacillus subtilis. It has multifarious potential applications in foods, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, water treatment and other fields. The production of PGA has already been established on the industrial scale. Various studies regarding the fermentative production, downstream processing and characterization of PGA have been reported in the literature. This review provides updated information on fermentative production of PGA by various bacterial strains and effect of fermentation conditions and media component on production of PGA in submerged as well as solid state fermentation. Information on the application of genetic engineering for enhancement of yield of PGA, kinetic studies for production of PGA in submerged fermentation and recovery and purification of PGA is included. An attempt has also been made to review the current and potential applications of PGA. This review may contribute to further development of this commercially and academically interesting biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Bajaj
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
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Cao M, Geng W, Liu L, Song C, Xie H, Guo W, Jin Y, Wang S. Glutamic acid independent production of poly-γ-glutamic acid by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 and cloning of pgsBCA genes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4251-7. [PMID: 21232939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A new glutamic acid independent poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) producing strain, which was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 by analysis of 16S rDNA and gyrase subunit A gene (gyrA), was isolated from fermented food. The product had a molecular weight of 470, 801 and l-glutamate monomer content of 98.47%. The pre-optimal medium, based on single-factor tests and orthogonal design, contained 50 g/L sucrose, 2g/L (NH(4))(2)SO(4), 0.6g/L MgSO(4), and provided well-balanced changes in processing parameters and a γ-PGA yield of 4.36 g/L in 200 L system. The γ-PGA synthetase genes pgsBCA were cloned from LL3, and successfully expressed by pTrcLpgs vector in Escherichia coli JM109, resulting the synthesis of γ-PGA without glutamate. This study demonstrates the designedly improved yield of γ-PGA in 200 L system and the first report of pgsBCA from glutamic acid independent strain, which will benefit the metabolized mechanism investigation and the wide-ranging application of γ-PGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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