Biodegradation of bromoamine acid using combined airlift loop reactor and biological activated carbon

Biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol in batch and continuous packed bed reactor by isolated Bacillus subtilis

In present work, biodegradation of 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) has been successfully achieved using bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis (MF447841.1), which was isolated from the wastewater of a nearby drain of Hyundai Motor Company service centre, Agartala, Tripura (India). Geonomic identification was carried out by 16 S rDNA technique and phylogenetic processes. Both, batch and column mode of experiments were performed to optimize various parameters (initial concentration, contact time, dosages etc.) involved in the significant biodegradation of 4-CP. Based on R² value (0.9789), the Levenspiel's model was found to be best fit than others. The kinetic parameters; specific growth rate (μ), yield of cell mass (Y_X/S), and saturation constant (KS), were obtained as 0.6383 (h^-1), 0.35 (g/g), and 0.006884 (g/L), respectively. The isolated strain has shown the ability of degrading 4-CP up to 1000 mg/L initial concentration within 40 h. Bacterial strain was immobilized via developing calcium alginate beads along by optimizing weight proportion of calcium chloride and sodium alginate and size of the bead for further experiments. Various process parameters i.e. initial feed concentration, bed height, rate of flow of were optimized during packed bed reactor (PBR) study. Maximum biodegradation efficiency of 4-CP was observed as 45.39% at initial concentration of 500 mg/L within 105 min, using 2 mm size of immobilized beads which were formed using 3.5% w/v of both calcium chloride and sodium alginate within. Thus, Bacillus subtilis (MF447841.1) could be used for biological remediation of 4-CP pollutant present in wastewater. Moreover, because of affordable and eco-friendly nature of water treatment, relatively it has the better scope of commercialization.

Enhanced bio-decolorization of 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid by Sphingomonas xenophaga with nutrient amendment

Bacterial decolorization of anthraquinone dye intermediates is a slow process under aerobic conditions. To speed up the process, in the present study, effects of various nutrients on 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (ABAS) decolorization by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that peptone, yeast extract and casamino acid amendments promoted ABAS bio-decolorization. In particular, the addition of peptone and casamino acids could improve the decolorization activity of strain QYY. Further experiments showed that l-proline had a more significant accelerating effect on ABAS decolorization compared with other amino acids. l-Proline not only supported cell growth, but also significantly increased the decolorization activity of strain QYY. Membrane proteins of strain QYY exhibited ABAS decolorization activities in the presence of l-proline or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, while this behavior was not observed in the presence of other amino acids. Moreover, the positive correlation between l-proline concentration and the decolorization activity of membrane proteins was observed, indicating that l-proline plays an important role in ABAS decolorization. The above findings provide us not only a novel insight into bacterial ABAS decolorization, but also an l-proline-supplemented bioaugmentation strategy for enhancing ABAS bio-decolorization.

Physicochemical and porosity characteristics of thermally regenerated activated carbon polluted with biological activated carbon process

The characteristics of thermally regenerated activated carbon (AC) polluted with biological activated carbon (BAC) process were investigated. The results showed that the true micropore and sub-micropore volume, pH value, bulk density, and hardness of regenerated AC decreased compared to the virgin AC, but the total pore volume increased. XPS analysis displayed that the ash contents of Al, Si, and Ca in the regenerated AC respectively increased by 3.83%, 2.62% and 1.8%. FTIR spectrum showed that the surface functional groups of virgin and regenerated AC did not change significantly. Pore size distributions indicated that the AC regeneration process resulted in the decrease of micropore and macropore (D>10 μm) volume and the increase of mesopore and macropore (0.1 μm<D<10 μm) volume in regenerated AC, which are benefit for water treatment. These results will provide a theoretical basis for the reuse of biological waste (spent AC) from BAC process.

Mediators-assisted reductive biotransformation of tetrabromobisphenol-A by Shewanella sp. XB

The anaerobic biotransformation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) was mainly observed in the consortia so far. The role of redox mediators in anaerobic TBBPA biotransformation by Shewanella sp. distributed widely in environments was investigated for the first time. The results showed the flavins secretion of Shewanella sp. XB was highly dependent on initial TBBPA concentration. The corresponding first-order rate constants (k) of TBBPA transformation decreased to 0.007 d(-1) when TBBPA concentration increased up to 80 mg/L. Moreover, the removal rate of TBBPA (80 mg/L) was significantly enhanced in treatments amended with cyanocobalamin, riboflavin, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and Aldrich humic acid with k values of 0.42, 0.19, 0.16, and 0.07 d(-1), respectively. In addition, some redox proteins were secreted and played a role in flavins-mediated extracellular biotransformation of TBBPA by Shewanella sp. XB. These findings are beneficial to better understand TBBPA fate in natural environments and to develop efficient biotreatment strategies of TBBPA pollutions.