1
|
Soudagar MEM, Kiong TS, Jathar L, Nik Ghazali NN, Ramesh S, Awasarmol U, Ong HC. Perspectives on cultivation and harvesting technologies of microalgae, towards environmental sustainability and life cycle analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141540. [PMID: 38423144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of algae is seen as a potential and ecologically sound approach to address the increasing demands in multiple sectors. However, successful implementation of processes is highly dependent on effective growing and harvesting methods. The present study provides a complete examination of contemporary techniques employed in the production and harvesting of algae, with a particular emphasis on their sustainability. The review begins by examining several culture strategies, encompassing open ponds, closed photobioreactors, and raceway ponds. The analysis of each method is conducted in a systematic manner, with a particular focus on highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential for expansion. This approach ensures that the conversation is in line with the objectives of sustainability. Moreover, this study explores essential elements of algae harvesting, including the processes of cell separation, dewatering, and biomass extraction. Traditional methods such as centrifugation, filtration, and sedimentation are examined in conjunction with novel, environmentally concerned strategies including flocculation, electro-coagulation, and membrane filtration. It evaluates the impacts on the environment that are caused by the cultivation process, including the usage of water and land, the use of energy, the production of carbon dioxide, and the runoff of nutrients. Furthermore, this study presents a thorough examination of the current body of research pertaining to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) studies, presenting a perspective that emphasizes sustainability in the context of algae harvesting systems. In conclusion, the analysis ends up with an examination ahead at potential areas for future study in the cultivation and harvesting of algae. This review is an essential guide for scientists, policymakers, and industry experts associated with the advancement and implementation of algae-based technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzoore Elahi M Soudagar
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand - 248002, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq.
| | - Tiong Sieh Kiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Laxmikant Jathar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Army Institute of Technology, Pune, 411015, India.
| | - Nik Nazri Nik Ghazali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - S Ramesh
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Umesh Awasarmol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Army Institute of Technology, Pune, 411015, India.
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eloffy MG, Elgarahy AM, Saber AN, Hammad A, El-Sherif DM, Shehata M, Mohsen A, Elwakeel KZ. Biomass-to-sustainable biohydrogen: insights into the production routes, and technical challenges. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
3
|
Hou Y, Liu C, Liu Z, Han T, Hao N, Guo Z, Wang W, Chen S, Zhao L, Safavi M, Ji X, Chen F. A Novel Salt-Bridge Electroflocculation Technology for Harvesting Microalgae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:902524. [PMID: 35782496 PMCID: PMC9247570 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.902524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biomass, as a promising alternative feedstock, can be refined into biodiesel, pharmaceutical, and food productions. However, the harvesting process for quality biomass still remains a main bottleneck due to its high energy demand. In this study, a novel technique integrating alkali-induced flocculation and electrolysis, named salt-bridge electroflocculation (SBEF) with non-sacrificial carbon electrodes is developed to promote recovery efficiency and cost savings. The results show that the energy consumption decreased to 1.50 Wh/g biomass with a high harvesting efficiency of 90.4% under 300 mA in 45 min. The mean particle size of algae flocs increased 3.85-fold from 2.75 to 10.59 µm, which was convenient to the follow-up processing. Another major advantage of this method is that the salt-bridge firmly prevented cells being destroyed by the anode’s oxidation and did not bring any external contaminants to algal biomass and flocculated medium, which conquered the technical defects in electro-flocculation. The proposed SBEF technology could be used as a low cost process for efficient microalgae harvest with high quality biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Nahui Hao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhile Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhao, ; Xiang Ji, ; Fangjian Chen,
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Xiang Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhao, ; Xiang Ji, ; Fangjian Chen,
| | - Fangjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhao, ; Xiang Ji, ; Fangjian Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Min KH, Kim DH, Ki MR, Pack SP. Recent progress in flocculation, dewatering, and drying technologies for microalgae utilization: Scalable and low-cost harvesting process development. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126404. [PMID: 34826566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal research has made significant progress in terms of the high-value-added industrial application of microalgal biomass and its derivatives. However, cost-effective techniques for producing, harvesting, and processing microalgal biomass on a large scale still need to be fully explored in order to optimize their performance and achieve commercial robustness. In particular, technologies for harvesting microalgae are critical in the practical process as they require excessive energy and equipment costs. This review focuses on microalgal flocculation, dewatering, and drying techniques and specifically covers the traditional approaches and recent technological progress in harvesting microalgal biomass. Several aspects, including the characteristics of the target microalgae and the type of final value-added products, must be considered when selecting the appropriate harvesting technique. Furthermore, considerable aspects and possible future directions in flocculation, dewatering, and drying steps are proposed to develop scalable and low-cost microalgal harvesting systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ha Min
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Udayan A, Sirohi R, Sreekumar N, Sang BI, Sim SJ. Mass cultivation and harvesting of microalgal biomass: Current trends and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126406. [PMID: 34826565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms capable of producing high-value metabolites like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, and other high-value metabolites. Microalgal biomass gained more interest for the production of nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, therapeutics, food supplements, feed, biofuel, bio-fertilizers, etc. due to its high lipid and other high-value metabolite content. Microalgal biomass has the potential to convert trapped solar energy to organic materials and potential metabolites of nutraceutical and industrial interest. They have higher efficiency to fix carbon dioxide (CO2) and subsequently convert it into biomass and compounds of potential interest. However, to make microalgae a potential industrial candidate, cost-effective cultivation systems and harvesting methods for increasing biomass yield and reducing the cost of downstream processing have become extremely urgent and important. In this review, the current development in different microalgal cultivation systems and harvesting methods has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Udayan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul South Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhin Sreekumar
- Accubits Invent, Accubits Technologies Inc., Thiruvananthapuram 695 004, Kerala, India
| | - Byoung-In Sang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang C, Huang W, Xiong J, Wang S. Mechanism and excellent performance of graphite felt as anodes in electrochemical system for Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin-LR removal with no pH limitation nor chemical addition. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Ananthi V, Balaji P, Sindhu R, Kim SH, Pugazhendhi A, Arun A. A critical review on different harvesting techniques for algal based biodiesel production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146467. [PMID: 33774295 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The fuels retrieved from renewable sources which are usually employed as both carbon and energy sources are termed as neutral based biofuels. The most promising feedstock from renewable sources with great potentiality in contributing to the inclining energy demand is microalgae. These microalgae can be harnessed readily in terms of obtaining qualitative biodiesel with greater energy consumption under limited operational cost. The process of harvesting or dewatering microalgae could be carried under single or sequential combinations of operations. The major drawback of harvesting such as huge operational cost could be lowered by increasing the level of automation than cost of investments. The present review concentrates and explores on the techno-economic analysis of the microalgal harvesting and dewatering processes on a large scale. Along with these advanced techniques enclosing the utilization of nanoparticles for harvesting has also been explored. And it also adds with the impacts of concerning facts on energy consumption, processing cost and recovery of resources during harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Ananthi
- Department of Microbiology, PRIST University, Madurai Campus, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Balaji
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - A Arun
- Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Microalgal Biomass Generation via Electroflotation: A Cost-Effective Dewatering Technology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10249053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are an excellent source of bioactive compounds for the production of a wide range of vital consumer products in the biofuel, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, and agricultural industries, in addition to huge upstream benefits relating to carbon dioxide biosequestration and wastewater treatment. However, energy-efficient, cost-effective, and scalable microalgal technologies for commercial-scale applications are limited, and this has significantly impacted the full-scale implementation of microalgal biosystems for bioproduct development, phycoremediation, and biorefinery applications. Microalgae culture dewatering continues to be a major challenge to large-scale biomass generation, and this is primarily due to the low cell densities of microalgal cultures and the small hydrodynamic size of microalgal cells. With such biophysical characteristics, energy-intensive solid–liquid separation processes such as centrifugation and filtration are generally used for continuous generation of biomass in large-scale settings, making dewatering a major contributor to the microalgae bioprocess economics. This article analyzes the potential of electroflotation as a cost-effective dewatering process that can be integrated into microalgae bioprocesses for continuous biomass production. Electroflotation hinges on the generation of fine bubbles at the surface of an electrode system to entrain microalgal particulates to the surface. A modification of electroflotation, which combines electrocoagulation to catalyze the coalescence of microalgae cells before gaseous entrainment, is also discussed. A technoeconomic appraisal of the prospects of electroflotation compared with other dewatering technologies is presented.
Collapse
|
9
|
A new reactor design for harvesting algae through electrocoagulation-flotation in a continuous mode. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Hawari AH, Alkhatib AM, Das P, Thaher M, Benamor A. Effect of the induced dielectrophoretic force on harvesting of marine microalgae (Tetraselmis sp.) in electrocoagulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110106. [PMID: 32090819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new electrocoagulation electrode configuration has been investigated in order to induce dielectrophoretic (DEP) force for the enhanced harvesting of marine microalgae (Tetraselmis sp.). Asymmetrical aluminum electrodes with an alternative current power supply were used. The impact of electrode configuration, current density and electrolysis time were evaluated. A maximum algal harvesting efficiency of 90.9% was achieved using 7.1 mA/cm2 current density and 10 min electrolysis time. The energy consumption was found to be 4.62 kWh/kg of microalgae. The major significance of using the new electrode configuration was found in the aluminum content in the harvested biomass which decreased by 52% compared to the conventional symmetrical electrocoagulation electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H Hawari
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Afnan M Alkhatib
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Probir Das
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Thaher
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelbaki Benamor
- Gas Processing Centre, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roy M, Mohanty K. A comprehensive review on microalgal harvesting strategies: Current status and future prospects. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
Microalgae have been considered as one of the most promising biomass feedstocks for various industrial applications such as biofuels, animal/aquaculture feeds, food supplements, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Several biotechnological challenges associated with algae cultivation, including the small size and negative surface charge of algal cells as well as the dilution of its cultures, need to be circumvented, which increases the cost and labor. Therefore, efficient biomass recovery or harvesting of diverse algal species represents a critical bottleneck for large-scale algal biorefinery process. Among different algae harvesting techniques (e.g., centrifugation, gravity sedimentation, screening, filtration, and air flotation), the flocculation-based processes have acquired much attention due to their promising efficiency and scalability. This review covers the basics and recent research trends of various flocculation techniques, such as auto-flocculation, bio-flocculation, chemical flocculation, particle-based flocculation, and electrochemical flocculation, and also discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The challenges and prospects for the development of eco-friendly and economical algae harvesting processes have also been outlined here.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng Y, Huang Y, Xia A, Qian F, Wei C. A rapid inoculation method for microalgae biofilm cultivation based on microalgae-microalgae co-flocculation and zeta-potential adjustment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:272-278. [PMID: 30708330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the small size, similar density to water, cells inoculating onto the solid carrier is a major challenge for microalgae biofilm cultivation. To reduce biofilm inoculation time, A. falcatus with long stripe were chosen as the bond linking with the main microalgae cells forming microalgae-microalgae co-flocculation by bridging and twining. The optimal matching species were S. obliquus and A. falcatus with the volume ratio of 4-1. By changing the zeta-potential of the microalgae-microalgae co-flocculation to positive and negative through pH regulating, the inoculation time was significantly shorted from 4 h to 1.5 min due to the charge neutralization. Fortunately, the added A. falcatus and pH regulation has no negative effects on biofilm growth. Inversely, the porous microstructure of microalgae-microalgae co-flocculation improve the transfer efficiency of nutrients, resulting a 90.15% increase on biomass productivity (229.15 g m-2) comparing to pure microalgae species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Fu Qian
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chaoyang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
An J, Li N, Wang S, Liao C, Zhou L, Li T, Wang X, Feng Y. A novel electro-coagulation-Fenton for energy efficient cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins removal without chemical addition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:650-658. [PMID: 30472450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial bloom is a serious threat to global aquatic ecology and drinking water safety. Electro-Fenton (EF) has emerged as an efficient process for cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins removal, but high consumption of energy and chemicals remain a major bottleneck. This study presents a novel convertible three-electrodes Electro-Coagulation-Fenton process for cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins removal with low energy consumption and no chemicals addition. We for the first time demonstrated the freely alternating between Electrocoagulation (EC) and EF by switching electrodes. The optimal aerated EC was operated at pH 8 and 100 mA to remove 91 ± 2% of cyanobaterial cells and 15% of Microcystins (MCs). Coagulants generated in EC were adsorbed on cyanobacterial cells to form a protect layer against algae disruption and cyanotoxins releasing. Residual MCs and cyanobaterial cells were completely mineralized by EF at 28 mA with iron ions and H2O2 generated in-situ. Compare to traditional EF, the optimal Electro-Coagulation-Fenton process increased total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency by 30%, yet energy consumption reduced up to 92%. The novel Electro-Coagulation-Fenton process is a promising technology for the efficient treatment of the mixture of suspended solid pollutants and persistent organic pollutants in one system with low energy consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun An
- Academy of Environment and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Nan Li
- Academy of Environment and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Academy of Environment and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chengmei Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lean Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Tian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- Academy of Environment and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu K, Li Y, Zou X, Wen H, Shen Z, Ren X. Investigating microalgae cell-microsphere interactions during microalgae harvesting by ballasted dissolved air flotation through XDLVO theory. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
16
|
Evaluation of an electro-flotation-oxidation process for harvesting bio-flocculated algal biomass and simultaneous treatment of residual pollutants in coke wastewater following an algal-bacterial process. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
17
|
Zhang H, Ou Y, Chen T, Yang L, Hu Z. Harvesting Chlorella vulgaris via rapid sedimentation induced by combined coagulants and tapered shear. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:697-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Luo S, Griffith R, Li W, Peng P, Cheng Y, Chen P, Addy MM, Liu Y, Ruan R. A continuous flocculants-free electrolytic flotation system for microalgae harvesting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:439-449. [PMID: 28460364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High harvesting cost and reusing of post-harvest water are the major challenges in commercial production of microalgae. In this work, a flocculants-free electrolytic flotation harvest process was investigated. The electrode design and materials were evaluated in terms of harvesting efficiency. Stainless steel as the cathode and carbon as the anode were selected based on the harvesting efficiency data and non-sacrificial feature for construction of a pilot scale harvesting system. In the pilot scale experiments, 23.72g/h biomass yield was achieved at the power consumption of 2.73kWh/kg. With the advantages of no chemical flocculent contamination and relatively low energy requirement, this continuous system is promising for food or feed applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and MOE Biomass Energy Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Richard Griffith
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Wenkui Li
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Min M Addy
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and MOE Biomass Energy Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Harvesting of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris using electro-coagulation-flocculation in the batch mode. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Zhou W, Gao L, Cheng W, Chen L, Wang J, Wang H, Zhang W, Liu T. Electro-flotation of Chlorella sp. assisted with flocculation by chitosan. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
21
|
Kang S, Kim KH, Kim YC. A novel electroporation system for efficient molecular delivery into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a 3-dimensional microelectrode. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15835. [PMID: 26522846 PMCID: PMC4629139 DOI: 10.1038/srep15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is one of the most widely used transfection methods because of its high efficiency and convenience among the various transfection methods. Previous micro-electroporation systems have some drawbacks such as limitations in height and design, time-consuming and an expensive fabrication process due to technical constraints. This study fabricates a three dimensional microelectrode using the 3D printing technique. The interdigitated microstructure consisting of poly lactic acid was injected by a 3D printer and coated with silver and aluminum with a series of dip-coatings. With the same strength of electric field (V cm−1), a higher efficiency for molecular delivery and a higher cellular viability are achieved with the microelectrode than with a standard cuvette. In addition, this study investigates chemicophysical changes such as Joule heating and dissolved metal during electroporation and showed the micro-electroporation system had less chemicophysical changes. It was concluded that the proposed micro-electroporation system will contribute to genetic engineering as a promising delivery tool, and this combination of 3D printing and electroporation has many potential applications for diverse designs or systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seongsu Kang
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Kim
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Taparia T, MVSS M, Mehrotra R, Shukla P, Mehrotra S. Developments and challenges in biodiesel production from microalgae: A review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:715-726. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Taparia
- Department of Biological Sciences; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani Rajasthan India
| | - Manjari MVSS
- Department of Biological Sciences; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani Rajasthan India
| | - Rajesh Mehrotra
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani Rajasthan India
| | - Paritosh Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani Rajasthan India
| | - Sandhya Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani Rajasthan India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ryu BG, Kim W, Heo SW, Kim D, Choi GG, Yang JW. Advanced treatment of residual nitrogen from biologically treated coke effluent by a microalga-mediated process using volatile fatty acids (VFAs) under stepwise mixotrophic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:488-495. [PMID: 25881553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the development of a microalga-mediated process for simultaneous removal of residual ammonium nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) and production of lipids from biologically treated coke effluent. Four species of green algae were tested using a sequential mixotrophic process. In the first phase-CO2-supplied mixotrophic condition-all microalgae assimilated NH4(+)-N with no evident inhibition. In second phase-volatile fatty acids (VFAs)-supplied mixotrophic condition-removal rates of NH4(+)-N and biomass significantly increased. Among the microalgae used, Arctic Chlorella sp. ArM0029B had the highest rate of NH4(+)-N removal (0.97 mg/L/h) and fatty acid production (24.9 mg/L/d) which were 3.6- and 2.1-fold higher than those observed under the CO2-supplied mixotrophic condition. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that acetate and butyrate were decisive factors for increasing NH4(+)-N removal and fatty acid production. These results demonstrate that microalgae can be used in a sequential process for treatment of residual nitrogen after initial treatment of activated sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gon Ryu
- Environmental and Energy Program, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Decontamination and Decommissioning Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 989-111 Daedukdaero Yuseong, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woon Heo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Guk Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim DY, Oh YK, Park JY, Kim B, Choi SA, Han JI. An integrated process for microalgae harvesting and cell disruption by the use of ferric ions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:469-474. [PMID: 25817422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a simultaneous process of harvesting biomass and extracting crude bio-oil was attempted from wet microalgae biomass using FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 as both coagulant and cell-disrupting agent. A culture solution of Chlorella sp. KR-1 was firstly concentrated to 20 g/L and then proceeded for cell disruption with the addition of H2O2. Optimal dosage were 560 and 1060 mg/L for FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3, showing harvesting efficiencies of more than 99%. Optimal extraction conditions were identified via the response surface method (RSM), and the extraction yield was almost the same at 120 °C for both iron salts but FAME compositions after transesterification was found to be quite different. Given iron salts were a reference coagulant in water treatment in general and microalgae harvesting in particular, the present approach of using it for harvesting and oil-extraction in a simultaneous manner can serve as a practical route for the microalgae-derived biodiesel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwa Kim
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Choi
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bleeke F, Quante G, Winckelmann D, Klöck G. Effect of voltage and electrode material on electroflocculation of Scenedesmus acuminatus. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
26
|
Wan C, Alam MA, Zhao XQ, Zhang XY, Guo SL, Ho SH, Chang JS, Bai FW. Current progress and future prospect of microalgal biomass harvest using various flocculation technologies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:251-257. [PMID: 25499148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been extensively studied for the production of various valuable products. Application of microalgae for the production of renewable energy has also received increasing attention in recent years. However, high cost of microalgal biomass harvesting is one of the bottlenecks for commercialization of microalgae-based industrial processes. Considering harvesting efficiency, operation economics and technological feasibility, flocculation is a superior method to harvest microalgae from mass culture. In this article, the latest progress of various microalgal cell harvesting methods via flocculation is reviewed with the emphasis on the current progress and prospect in environmentally friendly bio-based flocculation. Harvesting microalgae through bio-based flocculation is a promising component of the low-cost microalgal biomass production technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wan
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiao-Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Suo-Lian Guo
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xiong Q, Pang Q, Pan X, Chika AO, Wang L, Shi J, Jia L, Chen C, Gao Y. Facile sand enhanced electro-flocculation for cost-efficient harvesting of Dunaliella salina. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 187:326-330. [PMID: 25863210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy consumption and water resource in the cultivation and harvesting steps still need to be minimized for the popularization of the microalgae-based products. An efficient electro-flocculation method for harvesting Dunaliella Salina integrated with local sand has been successfully applied. Sand was effective for speeding up the processes of flocculation and sedimentation of algal flocs and the electrolytic hydroxides was essential to bridge the sand and small flocs into large dense flocs. The maximal recovery effective improved from 95.13% in 6min to 98.09% in 4.5min and the optimal electrical energy consumption decreased 51.03% compared to conventional electro-flocculation in a laboratory ambient condition. Furthermore, reusing the flocculated medium in cultivation of the D. Salina with nitrogen supplemented performed no worse than using fresh medium. This sand enhanced electro-flocculation (SEF) technology provides a great potential for saving time and energy associated with improving microalgae harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiong
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Xinwei Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - A Okonkwo Chika
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Lishan Jia
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Changping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Misra R, Guldhe A, Singh P, Rawat I, Stenström TA, Bux F. Evaluation of operating conditions for sustainable harvesting of microalgal biomass applying electrochemical method using non sacrificial electrodes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 176:1-7. [PMID: 25460977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The efficient harvesting of microalgae is considered to be one of the challenging steps of algal biofuel production and a key factor limiting the commercial use of microalgae. To overcome the limitation of metallic electrodes depletion, the application of non-sacrificial electrode was investigated for the electrochemical harvesting (ECH) of microalgae. The effect of applied current, addition of electrolyte and initial pH were parameters investigated. The highest recovery efficiency of 83% was obtained for Scenedesmus obliquus at 1.5A, initial pH 9 and 6gL(-)(1) NaCl with power consumption of 3.84kWhkg(-)(1). Recovery efficiency of ECH process was comparable to literature reported centrifugation, filtration and chemical flocculation techniques but with a much lower power consumption. The ECH process with addition of electrolyte enhanced the lipid extraction by 22% without any adverse effects. The ECH process with non sacrificial carbon electrodes could be a possible harvesting step at commercial scale microalgal biomass production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Misra
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Abhishek Guldhe
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Poonam Singh
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ismail Rawat
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Coons JE, Kalb DM, Dale T, Marrone BL. Getting to low-cost algal biofuels: A monograph on conventional and cutting-edge harvesting and extraction technologies. ALGAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
30
|
Shuman TR, Mason G, Marsolek MD, Lin Y, Reeve D, Schacht A. An ultra-low energy method for rapidly pre-concentrating microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 158:217-224. [PMID: 24607457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that Nannochloropsis sp. can be effectively separated from its growth medium (0.2-0.3g/L) using electro-coagulation-flocculation in a 100mL batch reactor with nickel electrodes and a treatment time of only 4s. Minimum energy density input for effective separation is 0.03 kWh/m(3). Both energy input and treatment time are much smaller than reported elsewhere. The process results in rapid separation of microalgae (over 90% in 120 min) with minimal damage to algal cells (>90% still alive after processing). At around 4V input, algae can be effectively separated even in very low concentrations. Pulsing is equally effective in separating microalgae as continuous direct current of same magnitude and total exposure time. Algae can separate from their growth medium even if the suspension itself is not treated, but is mixed with treated saltwater with same conductivity. The described method has significant advantages including applicability to continuous processing and water reuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Mason
- Seattle University, 901 12th Ave, P.O. Box 222000, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
| | - Michael D Marsolek
- Seattle University, 901 12th Ave, P.O. Box 222000, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
| | - Yizhou Lin
- Seattle University, 901 12th Ave, P.O. Box 222000, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
| | - Daniel Reeve
- Seattle University, 901 12th Ave, P.O. Box 222000, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
| | - Alexander Schacht
- Seattle University, 901 12th Ave, P.O. Box 222000, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dassey AJ, Theegala CS. Reducing electrocoagulation harvesting costs for practical microalgal biodiesel production. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:691-697. [PMID: 24645449 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.842602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation has shown potential to be a primary microalgae harvesting technique for biodiesel production. However, methods to reduce energy and electrode costs are still necessary for practical application. Electrocoagulation tests were conducted on Nannochloris sp. and Dunaliella sp. using perforated aluminium and iron electrodes under various charge densities. Aluminium electrodes were shown to be more efficient than iron electrodes when harvesting both algal species. Despite the lower harvesting efficiency, however, the iron electrodes were more energy and cost efficient. Operational costs of less than $0.03/L oil were achieved when harvesting Nannochloris sp. with iron electrodes at 35% harvest efficiency, whereas aluminium electrodes cost $0.75/L oil with 42% harvesting efficiency. Increasing the harvesting efficiencies for both aluminium and iron electrodes also increased the overall cost per litre of oil, therefore lower harvesting efficiencies with lower energy inputs was recommended. Also, increasing the culturing salinity to 2 ppt sodium chloride for freshwater Nannochloris sp. was determined practical to improve the electrocoagulation energy efficiency despite a 25% reduction in cell growth.
Collapse
|
32
|
Shen Y. Carbon dioxide bio-fixation and wastewater treatment via algae photochemical synthesis for biofuels production. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the energy, nutrients and CO2held within residual waste materials to provide all necessary inputs except for sunlight, the cultivation of algae becomes a closed-loop engineered ecosystem. Developing this green biotechnology is a tangible step towards a waste-free sustainable society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim J, Ryu BG, Lee YJ, Han JI, Kim W, Yang JW. Continuous harvest of marine microalgae using electrolysis: effect of pulse waveform of polarity exchange. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:1249-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
34
|
Kim J, Yoo G, Lee H, Lim J, Kim K, Kim CW, Park MS, Yang JW. Methods of downstream processing for the production of biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:862-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Chisti Y. Constraints to commercialization of algal fuels. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:201-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
36
|
Kim J, Ryu BG, Kim K, Kim BK, Han JI, Yang JW. Continuous microalgae recovery using electrolysis: effect of different electrode pairs and timing of polarity exchange. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 123:164-170. [PMID: 22940314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have great potential as a feedstock for biofuel production. Continuous operation is an important benefit of the continuous electrolytic microalgae (CEM) harvest system, but it is necessary to optimize cultivability and recovery efficiency in order to improve overall performance. Two pairs of best-candidate electrodes for polarity exchange (PE) were examined to improve these two key factors: (i) aluminum and dimensionally stable anode (Al-DSA), and (ii) Al-platinum (Al-Pt). Al-DSA was better than Al-Pt because it led to less cell damage and was less expensive. Moreover, cell viability and recovery were improved by optimizing the timing of PE. A P1:P2 ratio of 1:1.5 at 5min and 1:1.2 at 10min yielded the best results, with greatly reduced electricity consumption and enhanced cell viability and recovery. The CEM harvest system appears to be a well-suited option for the harvest of microalgae for biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|