1
|
Huang J, Xiao X, Chen B. Insight into the electrochemical process of EDTA-assisted soil washing effluent under alternating current. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134115. [PMID: 38626676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
EDTA has been widely utilized as a chelating agent in soil heavy metal remediation, due to its strong coordination capability. Electrochemical deposition is a promising avenue to treat soil washing effluent. However, the impact of advanced electrochemical techniques on EDTA remains incompletely understood. Herein, we present a pioneering approach, utilizing a dual-chamber electrolytic cell and alternating current (AC) power supply. This approach achieves concurrent removal of M-EDTA while efficiently recovering heavy metal and recycling EDTA. Results demonstrate AC displays superior heavy metal removal capability for Cu, Pb, and Cd compare to direct current (DC), with EDTA decomposition mainly occurring in the anolyte. Substituting DC with AC and employing the dual-chamber electrolytic cell significantly enhances EDTA recovery efficiency from 47% to an impressive 96.8%. XPS and Raman spectra reveal an enhanced oxidative surface of the graphite anode under AC, which diminishes the decomposition of EDTA. Long-term experiments validate that this strategy boosts EDTA cyclability to 20 cycles with an outstanding 84% recovery efficiency and negligible electrode corrosion, surpassing the 8 cycles under the traditional strategy. This study innovatively combines cell design and electrochemical techniques, remarkably improving the reusability of EDTA and anode, offering valuable insights for chelate-related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiating Huang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie F, Zhao B, Ji L, Antwi P, Li Y, Yue X. Exploring the potential of a novel alternating current stimulated iron‑carbon anammox process: A new horizon for nitrogen removal. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168893. [PMID: 38016562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study explored a novel alternating current (AC) stimulation approach to enhance the nitrogen removal efficiency of an iron‑carbon based anammox (FeC anammox) system. In the preliminary experiment, the TN removal efficiency of the AC stimulated system was 8.06 % higher than that of a DC simulated system in same current densities of 0.25 mA/cm2. Gene expression analysis revealed that the AC-stimulated system, where, compared with the anammox system alone, the expression of HZS, HDH, NarG, NirS, NorB and NosZ increased by 1.81, 2.50, 1.64, 0.23, 1.15 and 1.27 times, respectively. In the continuous experiment, the TN removal rate increased from 60.13 % to 84.34 % after AC stimulation, and the working time of the FeC materials increased to 20 days. An analysis of the mechanism revealed that the parallel connection between the capacitive reactance and filler resistance in AC might reduce the internal resistance of the system, thereby improving the actual current density received by local microorganisms, and achieving a better strengthening effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Bowei Zhao
- Taiyuan University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Li Ji
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Philip Antwi
- Environment Protection Authority, Center for Applied Sciences, Water Science Unit, Macleod, Victoria 3085, Australia
| | - Yuan Li
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- Taiyuan University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Behera N, Rodrigo S, Hazra A, Maity R, Luo L. Revisiting Alternating Current Electrolysis for Organic Synthesis. Curr Opin Electrochem 2024; 43:101439. [PMID: 38450312 PMCID: PMC10914348 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advancements in alternating current (AC)-driven electroorganic synthesis since 2021 and discusses the reactivities AC electrolysis provides to achieve new and unique organic transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sachini Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Atanu Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Rajendra Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Long Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bielfeldt M, Budde-Sagert K, Weis N, Buenning M, Staehlke S, Zimmermann J, Arbeiter N, Mobini S, González MU, Rebl H, Uhrmacher A, van Rienen U, Nebe B. Discrimination between the effects of pulsed electrical stimulation and electrochemically conditioned medium on human osteoblasts. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:71. [PMID: 37996914 PMCID: PMC10668359 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation is used for enhanced bone fracture healing. Electrochemical processes occur during the electrical stimulation at the electrodes and influence cellular reactions. Our approach aimed to distinguish between electrochemical and electric field effects on osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. We applied 20 Hz biphasic pulses via platinum electrodes for 2 h. The electrical stimulation of the cell culture medium and subsequent application to cells was compared to directly stimulated cells. The electric field distribution was predicted using a digital twin. RESULTS Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed partial electrolysis at the electrodes, which was confirmed by increased concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the medium. While both direct stimulation and AC-conditioned medium decreased cell adhesion and spreading, only the direct stimulation enhanced the intracellular calcium ions and reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION The electrochemical by-product hydrogen peroxide is not the main contributor to the cellular effects of electrical stimulation. However, undesired effects like decreased adhesion are mediated through electrochemical products in stimulated medium. Detailed characterisation and monitoring of the stimulation set up and electrochemical reactions are necessary to find safe electrical stimulation protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Bielfeldt
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Kai Budde-Sagert
- Institute of Communications Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nikolai Weis
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maren Buenning
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Susanne Staehlke
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julius Zimmermann
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nils Arbeiter
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adelinde Uhrmacher
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Barbara Nebe
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kroll MW, Luceri RM, Efimov IR, Calkins H. The electrophysiology of electrocution. Heart Rhythm O2 2023; 4:457-462. [PMID: 37520015 PMCID: PMC10373159 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocution is a death caused by an application of electrical current to the human body. Our present understanding of electrocution-as the induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF)-followed a nearly century-long path of misunderstandings and speculation primarily focused on hypotheses of asphyxia as well as central nervous system trauma. It is hard for us today to appreciate the past mystery of an unexpected sudden death usually bereft of visible trauma. Even today, a false dogma exists that direct-current shocks can cause asystole instead of VF. A lightning discharge (up to 500 megavolts) is differentiated because it can cause substantial acute and chronic neural effects leading to other cardiac arrest rhythms. The human heart is exquisitely sensitive to alternating currents, and VF can be induced with currents of one-eighth that required for mere pacing. Because of these low currents, this effect obtains only in the TQ interval, and low-power electrocution does not involve the vulnerable period. If a current is strong enough to electrocute, generally it will do so in 1-2 seconds; longer shocks do not tend to be more dangerous. Regardless of concomitant drug dosing, the electrocution cardiac arrest rhythm is still VF, suggesting that electrocution is a stand-alone cause of death; the electrical current does not potentiate the effects of the drug. The experimental and clinical data supporting VF as the mechanism for electrocution are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Kroll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Richard M. Luceri
- Jim Moran Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Holy Cross Hospital (Emeritus), Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Electrophysiology Laboratory and Arrhythmia Service, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lü X, Xu T, Zhou Y, Peng Q, Ou J, Hu B, Xie Z, Lei X, Yu G. Effect of iron ion configurations on Ni 2+ removal in electrocoagulation. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:823-834. [PMID: 36182186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) has been widely used to treat the heavy metal wastewater in industry. A novel process of sinusoidal alternating current electrocoagulation (SACC) is adopted to remove Ni2+ in wastewater in this study. The morphology of precipitates and the distribution of the main functional iron configurations were investigated. Ferron timed complex spectroscopy can identify the monomeric iron configurations [Fe(a)], oligomeric iron configurations [Fe(b)] and polymeric iron configurations [Fe(c)]. The optimal operating conditions of SACC process were determined through single-factor experiments. The maximum Ni2+ removal efficiency [Re(Ni2+)] was achieved under the conditions of pH0=7, current density (j) = 7 A/m2, electrolysis time (t) = 25 min, c0(Ni2+) = 100 mg/L. At pH=7, the proportion of Fe(b) and Fe(c) in the system was 50.4 at.% and 23.1 at.%, respectively. In the SACC process, Fe(b) and Fe(c) are the main iron configurations in solution, while Fe(c) are the vast majority of the iron configurations in the direct current electrocoagulation (DCC) process. Re(Ni2+) is 99.56% for SACC and 98.75% for DCC under the same optimum conditions, respectively. The precipitates produced by SACC have a high proportion of Fe(b) configurations with spherical α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH structures which contain abundant hydroxyl groups. Moreover, it is demonstrated that Fe(b) has better adsorption capacity than Fe(c) through adsorption experiments of methyl orange (MO) dye. Fe(a) configurations in the homogeneous solution had no effect on the removal of nickel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qingjuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinhua Ou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Research Institute of New Building Materials, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Research Institute of New Building Materials, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421008, China.
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Xiping Lei
- Hunan Zihong Ecology Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou CT, Yao ZZ, Chen DL, Luo K, Wu J, Yi HL. Numerical prediction of transient electrohydrodynamic instabilities under an alternating current electric field and unipolar injection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12812. [PMID: 36699279 PMCID: PMC9868483 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of dielectric fluid flow subjected to unipolar injection under an alternating current (AC) electric field is carried out. The effect of frequency f of pulsed direct current (PDC) and AC on the transient evolution of electroconvection and their subcritical bifurcations are investigated in details. Electroconvection under PDC or AC tends to exhibit oscillating flow due to the periodic boundary condition of charge density and potential compared to the direct current (DC) case. The results demonstrate that under the PDC field, the linear criterion T c decreases with increasing frequency, while the nonlinear stability criterion T f is hardly affected. Under the AC field, a critical frequency f c = 0.0316 is found, which separates electroconvection into two typical flow regimes-periodic flow regime (f < f c ) and inhibited flow regime (f ≥ f c )-depending on whether free charges can reach the collector electrode before electric field inversion. AC-electrohydrodynamics (EHD) systems promote various flow patterns with relatively lower voltage regimes than DC-EHD systems. These mechanisms of electroconvection under the PDC/AC field offer unique possibilities for fluid flow control in biological EHD-driven flow and portable EHD applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Tong Zhou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ze Yao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Di-Lin Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Luo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Corresponding author. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Yi
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China,Corresponding author. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdollahi J, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Habibzadeh S. The role of the current waveform in mitigating passivation and enhancing electrocoagulation performance: A critical review. Chemosphere 2023; 312:137212. [PMID: 36395897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) can be an efficient alternative to existing water and wastewater treatment methods due to its eco-friendly nature, low footprint, and facile operation. However, the electrodes applied in the EC process suffer from passivation or fouling, an issue resulting from the buildup of poorly conducting materials on the electrode surface. Indeed, such passivation gives rise to various operational problems and restricts the practical implementation of EC on a large scale. Therefore, it has been suggested that using pulsed direct current (PDC), alternating pulse current (APC), and sinusoidal alternating current (AC) waveforms in EC as alternatives to conventional direct current (DC) can help mitigate passivation and alleviate its associated detrimental effects. This paper presents a critical review of the impact of the current waveform on the EC process towards the capabilities of the PDC, APC, and AC waveforms in de-passivation and performance enhancement while comparing them to the conventional DC. Additionally, current waveform parameters influencing the surface passivation of electrodes and process efficiency are elaborately discussed. Meanwhile, the performance of the EC process is evaluated under different current waveforms based on pollutant removal efficiency, energy consumption, electrode usage, sludge production, and operating cost. The proper current waveforms for treating various water and wastewater matrices are also explained. Finally, concluding remarks and outlooks for future research are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Abdollahi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
| | | | - Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Payami Shabestar M, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Karamati-Niaragh E. Evaluation of energy and electrode consumption of Acid Red 18 removal using electrocoagulation process through RSM: alternating and direct current. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:67214-67223. [PMID: 34247355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate energy and electrode consumption for Acid Red 18 (AR18) removal and the operating costs employing alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) in an electrocoagulation (EC) system. As the novelty of this study, the effects of AC/DC mode and electrode type were scrutinized through a series of designed experiments in a batch EC reactor to remove a globally used Azo dye from wastewater. In this regard, by designing the experiments with response surface methodology (RSM), four series of 30 experiments were separately conducted employing DC and AC for iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) electrodes. In each series, quadratic models were achieved for the removal efficiency and operating costs; by confirming the accuracy of the models, two responses were simultaneously optimized accordingly. As a result, the AR18 removal efficiency with Al electrodes had no significant difference using AC and DC (on average 0.2% difference); however, for Fe electrode, the EC performance in DC was more significant than AC (on average 13.8% difference). Also, the operating costs of Fe electrode were more economical in comparison with the Al; on average, the operating costs in the case of applying DC for Fe and Al were achieved 14.6 and 39.8 (US$/kg dye removed), respectively; whereas, for AC, this amount was calculated 9.3 and 36.0 (US$/kg dye removed) for Fe and Al, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Payami Shabestar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Karamati-Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Othmani A, Kesraoui A, Seffen M. Removal of phenol from aqueous solution by coupling alternating current with biosorption. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:46488-46503. [PMID: 32648221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present research was devoted to water decontamination through the valorization of cellulosic fibers for the preparation of performing biosorbent, with high pollutant-uptake capacity and low cost. Luffa cylindrica (L.C) and zinc oxide were chosen for the synthesis of hybrid materials by precipitation with and without alternating current (AC). AC was used as a new alternative able to accelerate the reaction kinetics and to enhance the biosorption speed. The potential to remove phenol, from aqueous solution by coupling biosorption and AC, was highlighted. Pure L.C and hybrid materials (L.C + 4% Zn2+) synthesized with and without AC were chosen for the biosorption tests. The effects of pH, initial concentration, frequency, and contact time were studied. The efficiency of the coupling process was evaluated according to the quality of the treated water before and after purification. Results have shown that the percentages of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), germination indexes, and phenol removals have increased when adopting the coupling process. The maximal uptakes of phenol reached 15.4, 28.07, and 28.9 mg g-1 for a concentration of 30 mg L-1 of phenol, respectively, for raw L.C, L.C + 4% Zn2+ + AC, and L.C + 4% Zn2+ at pH = 2. Quantitative and qualitative characterizations confirmed the efficiency of the synthesized hybrid materials compared with pure L.C. The fractal model of Brouers Sotolongo was chosen for the description of the random distribution of the active sites. The kinetic and isotherm data showed a good correlation with the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Othmani
- Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LabEM): LR11ES34, Higher School of Science and Technology of Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
- Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Aida Kesraoui
- Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LabEM): LR11ES34, Higher School of Science and Technology of Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mongi Seffen
- Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LabEM): LR11ES34, Higher School of Science and Technology of Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bryszewski KŁ, Rodziewicz J, Mielcarek A, Janczukowicz W, Jóźwiakowski K. Investigation on the improved electrochemical and bio-electrochemical treatment processes of soilless cultivation drainage (SCD). Sci Total Environ 2021; 783:146846. [PMID: 33872897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The soilless crop cultivation under cover generates wastewater called soilless cultivation drainage (SCD), being a nutrient-rich overflow. The average concentration of phosphorus- and nitrogen-based pollutants from soilless tomato cultivation usually ranges from 35.4 to 104.0 mg P/L and from 270.0 to 614.9 mg N/L, respectively. In bio-electrochemical reactors, nitrogen and phosphorus are removed via biological denitrification, electrochemical nitrate reduction, bio-electrochemical reduction, and electrocoagulation. The novelty of this study is due to the use of alternating current (AC), which can both mitigate the corrosion on the anode and solve the issue of insoluble oxide build-up on the cathode. Additionally, and crucially, it promotes bacterial growth and activity. The aim of the present study was to determine (1) the effectiveness of soilless cultivation drainage treatment methods that employ biological and electrochemical processes, with consideration given to (2) the quantity and quality of the produced sludge as a potential nutrient-rich product. The bio-electrochemical reactor proved more effective than the electrochemical one and ensured a high TP and TN removal efficiency exceeding 97% and 66%, respectively. The resulting sludge was rich in such elements as calcium, potassium, carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen, and as such may serve as a viable alternative to conventional mineral fertilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Łukasz Bryszewski
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environment Engineering, Warszawska St. 117a, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Joanna Rodziewicz
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environment Engineering, Warszawska St. 117a, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland.
| | - Artur Mielcarek
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environment Engineering, Warszawska St. 117a, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Wojciech Janczukowicz
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environment Engineering, Warszawska St. 117a, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Leszczyńskiego St. 7, Lublin 20-069, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang K, Yang Y, Qiao S, Zhou J, Quan X. Alternating current-enhanced carbon nanotubes hollow fiber membranes for membrane fouling control in novel membrane bioreactors. Chemosphere 2021; 277:130240. [PMID: 33774228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel electro-assisted membrane bioreactor (EMBR) was built up with alternating current (AC) voltage applying on carbon nanotubes hollow fiber membranes (CNTs-HFMs) as the basic separation unit (AC-EMBR). Herein, a combination effect of electrostatic repulsion, electrochemical oxidation and translational motion behaviors was used to mitigate membrane fouling with +1.0 V for 1 min and -1.2 V for 1 min repeatedly applying on CNTs-HFMs. During the 73-day operation, the CNTs-HFMs in AC-EMBR exhibited a superior antifouling capability with a lower average fouling rate of 0.017 bar/d comparing to control groups, which were 0.021 bar/d in EMBR with CNTs-HFMs as cathode (C-EMBR), 0.025 bar/d in EMBR with CNTs-HFMs as anode (A-EMBR) and 0.029 bar/d in MBR without voltage, respectively. The AC potential led pollutants to loosely attach on membranes, which reduced irreversible fouling as well as reduced unrecoverable fouling levels. Bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentration in biomass of AC-EMBR was lower than those in the other reactors, which also contributed to suppressing membrane fouling. Meanwhile, an excellent effluent quality was obtained in AC-EMBR with COD removal rate higher than 96% and effluent NH4+-N concentration lower than 2 mg/L. Microbial community diversity has been promoted by AC electric field according to the microbial community analysis. The results of this study suggested the effectiveness of utilizing AC for membrane fouling mitigation and wastewater treatment in MBR systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qin Q, Xu J, Wei B, Fu Q, Gao L, Yu C, Sun C, Wang Z. Synergistic effect of alternating current and sulfate-reducing bacteria on corrosion behavior of X80 steel in coastal saline soil. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 142:107911. [PMID: 34364027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
With the development of electrified railways and high-voltage transmission lines, it is often inevitable that buried metal structures are subjected to interference from the alternating current (AC) induced by the neighboring power facilities. Commonly found in soil, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have the capability to accelerate metal corrosion. In this paper, with electrochemical methods, surface analysis techniques, and weight-loss test, the influence of AC and SRB on the X80 steel corrosion behavior was explored in coastal saline soil. The results revealed that the 100 A m-2 AC inhibited the growth of the sessile and planktonic SRB cell. Under the action of 100 A m-2 AC, the metabolic activity of viable bacteria was enhanced, and the process of extracellular electron transfer was accelerated. When both AC and SRB were introduced, the maximum pit depth (76.2 μm) increased significantly to be 15 times higher than in the control condition (4.9 μm). Both SRB and AC played a role in enhancing corrosion. The corrosion rate of the AC-influenced specimen was far higher than that of the SRB-influenced specimen, while SRB and AC produced a synergistic effect on the enhanced corrosion of the specimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Qin
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Liaoning Shenyang Soil and Atmosphere Corrosion of Material National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Boxin Wei
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liqun Gao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changkun Yu
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Liaoning Shenyang Soil and Atmosphere Corrosion of Material National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Liaoning Shenyang Soil and Atmosphere Corrosion of Material National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Zhenyao Wang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Liaoning Shenyang Soil and Atmosphere Corrosion of Material National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kruskopf M, Bauer S, Pimsut Y, Chatterjee A, Patel DK, Rigosi AF, Elmquist RE, Pierz K, Pesel E, Götz M, Schurr J. Graphene Quantum Hall Effect Devices for AC and DC Electrical Metrology. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 2021; 68:10.1109/ted.2021.3082809. [PMID: 36452065 PMCID: PMC9706404 DOI: 10.1109/ted.2021.3082809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new type of graphene-based quantum Hall standards is tested for electrical quantum metrology applications at alternating current (ac) and direct current (dc). The devices are functionalized with Cr(CO)3 to control the charge carrier density and have branched Hall contacts based on NbTiN superconducting material. The work is an in-depth study about the characteristic capacitances and related losses in the ac regime of the devices and about their performance during precision resistance measurements at dc and ac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Kruskopf
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Bauer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yaowaret Pimsut
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; National Metrology Institute, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Atasi Chatterjee
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dinesh K Patel
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Albert F Rigosi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | | | - Klaus Pierz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eckart Pesel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Götz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schurr
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rajaei F, Taheri E, Hadi S, Fatehizadeh A, Amin MM, Rafei N, Fadaei S, Aminabhavi TM. Enhanced removal of humic acid from aqueous solution by combined alternating current electrocoagulation and sulfate radical. Environ Pollut 2021; 277:116632. [PMID: 33640826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Application of alternating current in electrocoagulation and activation of persulfate (AEC-PS) for the effective removal of humic acid (HA) from aqueous solution was evaluated. In order to optimize the removal efficiency HA by the AEC-PS process, several influencing parameters such as pH, reaction time, PS dose, current density (CD), concentration of NaCl, initial concentration of HA, and coexisting cations and anions influence were investigated. From the batch experiments, the highest HA removal efficiency obtained was 99.4 ± 0.5% at pH of 5, reaction time of 25 min, CD of 4.5 mA/cm2, PS dose of 200 mg/L, and NaCl concentration of 0.75 g/L for an initial HA concentration of 30 mg/L. When CD increased from 1.25 to 4.5 mA/cm2, the HA removal efficiency was improved from 88.8 ± 4.4% to 96.1 ± 1.5%. In addition, the type of coexisting cations and anions exerted a significant role, leading to a reduction in the removal efficiency of HA. To investigate the dominant free activated radical, radical scavengers such as tert-butyl alcohol and ethanol were employed. It was observed that both OH and SO4- radicals substantially contributed to the removal of HA, and the contribution of SO4- radical was higher than that of OH radical, suggesting that AEC-PS process could serve as a novel and effective treatment technique for the removal of organic matters from aqueous sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rajaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Taheri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sousan Hadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Fatehizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Rafei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Fadaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Benders S, Mohammadi M, Ganter MJ, Klug CA, Jerschow A. Mapping oscillating magnetic fields around rechargeable batteries. J Magn Reson 2020; 319:106811. [PMID: 32920429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Power storage devices such as batteries are a crucial part of modern technology. The development and use of batteries has accelerated in the past decades, yet there are only a few techniques that allow gathering vital information from battery cells in a nonivasive fashion. A widely used technique to investigate batteries is electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which provides information on how the impedance of a cell changes as a function of the frequency of applied alternating currents. Building on recent developments of inside-out MRI (ioMRI), a technique is presented here which produces spatially-resolved maps of the oscillating magnetic fields originating from the alternating electrical currents distributed within a cell. The technique works by using an MRI pulse sequence synchronized with a gated alternating current applied to the cell terminals. The approach is benchmarked with a current-carrying wire coil, and demonstrated with commercial and prototype lithium-ion cells. Marked changes in the fields are observed for different cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Benders
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Ganter
- Battery Prototyping Center, Rochester Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Christopher A Klug
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, District of Columbia, United States; Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Othmani A, Kesraoui A, Elaissaoui I, Seffen M. Coupling anodic oxidation, biosorption and alternating current as alternative for wastewater purification. Chemosphere 2020; 249:126480. [PMID: 32220683 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anodic oxidation process is considered as an effective solution for the treatment of refractory effluents. Its performance is strongly depending on the stability of the anodes used during the process. For this reason, we aim to enhance the stability of the SS/PbO2 anodes electrodeposited by pulsed current while studying their performance for the anodic oxidation of methylene blue and industrial textile wastewater. The basic idea deals with the possibility to replace the expensive alternatives used for reinforcing the steadiness of the anodes during the anodic oxidation by a simple method based on coupling electrochemical oxidation with biosorption by vegetable material (Luffa cylindrica). The performance of the coupling process was optimized based on its performance in colored and industrial wastewater depollution. Results confirmed the efficiency of the coupling process where 98.7 and 80.02% of methylene blue were removed, respectively, after 60 and 120 min for alternating and direct current. Otherwise, 62.84 and 46.87% of methylene blue were removed by anodic oxidation, respectively, after 120 and 180 min for alternating and direct current. The % COD obtained for the anodic oxidation and the coupling process reached 57.45, 33.61, 91.32 and 75.48% respectively for alternating and direct current. The use of alternating current for both processes has enhanced the speed and the efficiency. Atomic absorption analysis has confirmed that the rates obtained of Pb2+ complied with those allowed by the Standards. LC/MS analysis allowed the identification of by-products generated and the germination tests proved the reuse of the treated water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Othmani
- University of Sousse, Laboratory of Energy and des Materials (LabEM): LR11ES34, Higher School of Science and Technology of Hammam Sousse, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Monastir (Monastir University), Tunisia.
| | - Aida Kesraoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Monastir (Monastir University), Tunisia
| | - Iness Elaissaoui
- Laboratory of Wastewaters and Environment, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), Borj Cedria B.P. 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Mongi Seffen
- Faculty of Sciences of Monastir (Monastir University), Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hawari AH, Alkhatib AM, Das P, Thaher M, Benamor A. Effect of the induced dielectrophoretic force on harvesting of marine microalgae (Tetraselmis sp.) in electrocoagulation. J Environ Manage 2020; 260:110106. [PMID: 32090819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new electrocoagulation electrode configuration has been investigated in order to induce dielectrophoretic (DEP) force for the enhanced harvesting of marine microalgae (Tetraselmis sp.). Asymmetrical aluminum electrodes with an alternative current power supply were used. The impact of electrode configuration, current density and electrolysis time were evaluated. A maximum algal harvesting efficiency of 90.9% was achieved using 7.1 mA/cm2 current density and 10 min electrolysis time. The energy consumption was found to be 4.62 kWh/kg of microalgae. The major significance of using the new electrode configuration was found in the aluminum content in the harvested biomass which decreased by 52% compared to the conventional symmetrical electrocoagulation electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H Hawari
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Afnan M Alkhatib
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Probir Das
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Thaher
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelbaki Benamor
- Gas Processing Centre, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Othmani A, Kesraoui A, Akrout H, López-Mesas M, Seffen M, Valiente M. Use of alternating current for colored water purification by anodic oxidation with SS/PbO 2 and Pb/PbO 2 electrodes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:25969-25984. [PMID: 31273665 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper suggests a new alternative for the acceleration of dye removal by adopting alternating current instead of direct current in the treatment of methylene blue solutions and industrials effluents, using anodic oxidation on Pb/PbO2 and stainless steel (SS)/PbO2 anodes. A comparative study of the influence of electrolyte support (NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4) on the anodic oxidation performance and the anode stability was performed. The best results were obtained in presence of NaCl where the color removal percentage reached about 80.13% and 55.8%, for Pb/PbO2 anodes, and 89.5% and 60.4% for the SS/PbO2 anodes for alternating and direct current, respectively. Treatment in alternating current conditions enhanced the removal speed. Atomic absorption analysis confirmed the decrease of the release of (Pb2+) ions to much lower values compared with direct current and to those allowed by the Standards. LC/MS and phytotoxicity analyses confirmed the non-toxicity of the generated by-products during the anodic oxidation of methylene blue and the possibility of the reuse of the treated water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Othmani
- Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LabEM): LR11ES34, Higher School of Science and Technology of Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
- Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Aida Kesraoui
- Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LabEM): LR11ES34, Higher School of Science and Technology of Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hanene Akrout
- Laboratory of Wastewaters and Environment, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), Echopark Borj Cedria B.P. 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Montserrat López-Mesas
- Centre Grup de Técniques de Separació, en Química (GTS), Unitat de Química Analítica, Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mongi Seffen
- Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LabEM): LR11ES34, Higher School of Science and Technology of Hammam Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Manuel Valiente
- Centre Grup de Técniques de Separació, en Química (GTS), Unitat de Química Analítica, Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Santos CS, Conzuelo F, Eßmann V, Bertotti M, Schuhmann W. Enhanced sensitivity of scanning bipolar electrochemical microscopy for O 2 detection. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1087:36-43. [PMID: 31585564 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Scanning Bipolar Electrochemical Microscope (SBECM) allows precise positioning of an electrochemical micro-probe serving as bipolar electrode that can be wirelessly interrogated by coupling the electrochemical detection reaction with an electrochemiluminescent reporting process. As a result, the spatially heterogeneous concentrations of an analyte of interest can be converted in real time into a map of sample reactivity. However, this can only be achieved upon optimization of the analytical performance ensuring adequate sensitivity. Here, we present the evaluation and optimized operation of the SBECM for the detection of small changes in local O2 concentrations. Parameters for achieving an improved sensitivity as well as possibilities for improving the signal-to-noise ratio in the optical signal readout are evaluated. The capability of the SBECM for O2 detection is shown at controlled conditions by recording the topography of a patterned sample and monitoring O2 evolution from a photoelectrocatalyst material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santana Santos
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany; Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 05513-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vera Eßmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 05513-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Cell lysis, where cellular material is released, is the basis for the separation and purification of cell contents, biochemical analysis, and other related experiments. It is also a key step in molecular, real-time, and cancer diagnoses as well as in the drug screening of pathogens. The current methods of lysing cells have several limitations, such as damage to the activity of cellular components, the need for a large number of cell samples, time-consuming processes, and the danger of high voltage. Therefore, a simple, fast, and efficient method for the manipulation of micro-volume cells or for single cell lysis is significant for further scientific research and practical application. In this study, a new low-voltage controllable method for cell lysis was established, and a corresponding microfluidic chip was developed. Simple, efficient and rapid micro-volume cells and single cell lysis were successfully achieved under a low-voltage alternating current with a voltage of 16 Vp-p and frequency of 10 kHz. The lysis process was investigated in detail by separately labelling the whole cell, cytoplasm, and nucleus using fluorescent proteins, which indicated that the whole cell was completely lysed. Analysis of voltage and frequency effects revealed that a higher voltage and optimized frequency enhanced the cell lysis efficiency. The presented study provides a new strategy for the lysis of micro-volume cells or a single cell, which is valuable for on-chip real-time diagnostics and point of care (POC) applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Changchun Experimental School of the Affiliated High School of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- Changchun Experimental School of the Affiliated High School of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Changchun Experimental School of the Affiliated High School of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karamati-Niaragh E, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Emamjomeh MM, Nazlabadi E. Evaluation of direct and alternating current on nitrate removal using a continuous electrocoagulation process: Economical and environmental approaches through RSM. J Environ Manage 2019; 230:245-254. [PMID: 30292013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) for nitrate removal and its operating costs by using a continuous electrocoagulation (CEC) process. For this purpose, two series of 31 experiments, which were designed by response surface method (RSM), were carried out in both cases of the AC and the DC modes. In each series, the effect of selected parameters, namely, initial nitrate concentration, inlet flow rate, current density and initial pH along with their interactions on the nitrate removal efficiency as well as its operating costs, as responses, were investigated separately. According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), there is a reasonable agreement between achieving results and the experimental data for both responses. The nitrate removal in the AC mode was slightly more efficient than that of the DC mode. In addition, the average operating costs of the DC mode, including the energy and the electrode consumption for the CEC process were achieved 54 US$/(kg nitrate removed); whereas this amount was calculated 29 US$/(kg nitrate removed) for the AC mode. Therefore, the average of the operating costs was improved more than 40% using the AC mode, which was mainly related to reduction of aluminum electrode consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Karamati-Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Nazlabadi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dehghani S, Rezaee A, Hosseinkhani S. Effect of alternating electrical current on denitrifying bacteria in a microbial electrochemical system: biofilm viability and ATP assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:33591-33598. [PMID: 30269283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study considers the impact of the alternating electric current on the viability and biological activity of denitrifying bacteria in a microbial electrochemical system (MES). The bio-stimulation using low-frequency low-voltage alternating current (AC) was studied in terms of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level of bacteria, viability, morphological characteristics, cell size, and complexity. Apoptosis assays by flow cytometry revealed that 81-95% of the cells were non-apoptotic, and cell membrane damage occurred < 18%. The applied AC could affect the bacterial metabolic activity and ATP content in the denitrifying bacteria depending on characteristics of the alternating electric current. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of cell morphology illustrated low cell deformations under AC stimulation. The obtained results revealed that the applied alternating electrical current could increase the metabolic activity of denitrifying bacteria, leading to a better denitrification. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Han X, Xie Y, Wu Q, Wu S. A novel protein digestion method with the assistance of alternating current denaturation for high efficient protein digestion and mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 2018; 184:382-387. [PMID: 29674058 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein denaturation has always displayed a huge necessity for mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein identification methods in proteomics. In this research, a novel protein digestion method with the assistance of alternating current (AC) denaturation has been proposed and evaluated. In this method, merely, 200 mM ammonium bicarbonate buffer solution (pH, 8.2) was used to dissolve proteins and act as the electrolyte, and protein denaturation could be achieved in several seconds. For apo-transferrin, ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin that are resistant to digestion in their native states, confident amino acid sequence coverage by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis were obtained after 200 v AC denaturation. The applicability of this method was further investigated via analyzing a rat liver proteome sample using nano reversed phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoRPLC-ESI-MS/MS). As a result, 458 proteins were identified which is comparable to the in-solution digestion via 8 M urea denaturation (375 proteins). All these results demonstrated that AC denaturation could offer an efficient assistance for a clean and high-throughput digestion in the individual level and proteome level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxun Han
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Rare Metal Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Cihu Road No. 11, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Yiming Xie
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Rare Metal Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Cihu Road No. 11, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Rare Metal Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Cihu Road No. 11, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Shuaibin Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Rare Metal Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Cihu Road No. 11, Huangshi 435002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Greenberg A, Abadchi JK, Dickson CT, Mohajerani MH. New waves: Rhythmic electrical field stimulation systematically alters spontaneous slow dynamics across mouse neocortex. Neuroimage 2018; 174:328-39. [PMID: 29535027 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The signature rhythm of slow-wave forebrain activity is the large amplitude, slow oscillation (SO: ∼1 Hz) made up of alternating synchronous periods of activity and silence at the single cell and network levels. On each wave, the SO originates at a unique location and propagates across the neocortex. Attempts to manipulate SO activity using electrical fields have been shown to entrain cortical networks and enhance memory performance. However, neural activity during this manipulation has remained elusive due to methodological issues in typical electrical recordings. Here we took advantage of voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging in a bilateral cortical preparation of urethane-anesthetized mice to track SO cortical activity and its modulation by sinusoidal electrical field stimulation applied to frontal regions. We show that under spontaneous conditions, the SO propagates in two main opposing directional patterns along an anterior lateral - posterior medial axis, displaying a rich variety of possible trajectories on any given wave. Under rhythmic field stimulation, new propagation patterns emerge, which are not observed under spontaneous conditions, reflecting stimulus-entrained activity with distributed and varied anterior initiation zones and a consistent termination zone in the posterior somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, stimulus-induced activity patterns tend to repeat cycle after cycle, showing higher stereotypy than during spontaneous activity. Our results show that slow electrical field stimulation robustly entrains and alters ongoing slow cortical dynamics during sleep-like states, suggesting a mechanism for targeting specific cortical representations to manipulate memory processes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Thamaraiselvan C, Ronen A, Lerman S, Balaish M, Ein-Eli Y, Dosoretz CG. Low voltage electric potential as a driving force to hinder biofouling in self-supporting carbon nanotube membranes. Water Res 2018; 129:143-153. [PMID: 29145084 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the contribution of low voltage electric field, both alternating (AC) and direct (DC) currents, on the prevention of bacterial attachment and cell inactivation to highly electrically conductive self-supporting carbon nanotubes (CNT) membranes at conditions which encourage biofilm formation. A mutant strain of Pseudomonas putida S12 was used a model bacterium and either capacitive or resistive electrical circuits and two flow regimes, flow-through and cross-flow filtration, were studied. Major emphasis was placed on AC due to its ability of repulsing and inactivating bacteria. AC voltage at 1.5 V, 1 kHz frequency and wave pulse above offset (+0.45) with 100Ω external resistance on the ground side prevented almost completely attachment of bacteria (>98.5%) with concomitant high inactivation (95.3 ± 2.5%) in flow-through regime. AC resulted more effective than DC, both in terms of biofouling reduction compared to cathodic DC and in terms of cell inactivation compared to anodic DC. Although similar trends were observed, a net reduced extent of prevention of bacterial attachment and inactivation was observed in filtration as compared to flow-through regime, which is mainly attributed to the permeate drag force, also supported by theoretical calculations in DC in capacitive mode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis suggests a pure resistor behavior in resistance mode compared to involvement of redox reactions in capacitance mode, as source for bacteria detachment and inactivation. Although further optimization is required, electrically polarized CNT membranes offer a viable antibiofouling strategy to hinder biofouling and simplify membrane care during filtration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chidambaram Thamaraiselvan
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Grand Water Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Avner Ronen
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Grand Water Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Sofia Lerman
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Grand Water Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Moran Balaish
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yair Ein-Eli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Carlos G Dosoretz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Grand Water Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kesraoui A, Selmi T, Seffen M, Brouers F. Influence of alternating current on the adsorption of indigo carmine. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:9940-9950. [PMID: 27552998 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this work is to study the effect of a new process of accelerating which consist to couple the electrochemical process with the adsorption to remove an anionic dye, the indigo carmine. That is why, we investigated the effects of the new process of accelerating the adsorption process by using alternating current (AC) on the retention of an anionic dye, the indigo carmine. The adsorption capacity of dye (mg/g) was raised with the raise of current voltage in solution, temperature, and initial indigo carmine concentration and decreased with the increase of initial solution pH, current density, and mass of carbon. The results demonstrate that the removal efficiency of 97.0 % with the current voltage of 15 V is achieved at a current density of 0.014 A/cm2, of pH 2 using zinc as electrodes and contact time of 210 min for adsorption in the presence of AC. Concerning the adsorption without AC, the results obtained showed that for an initial concentration equal to 20 mg/L, more than 95 % amount of adsorbed dye was retained after 405 min of contact in batch system. The comparison between adsorption in the presence and absence of an alternating current shows the importance of the alternating current in the acceleration of the adsorption method and improve the performances of FILTRASORB 200. For both cases, the adsorption mechanism follows the fractal kinetics BSf(n,α) model and the Brouers-Sotolongo isotherm model provides a good fit of the experimental data for both adsorption with and without alternating current.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Kesraoui
- Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LABEM), High School of Sciences and Technology of Hammam Sousse, FP4BATIW project, Sousse University-Tunisia, Hammam, BP 4011, Sousse, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LABEM), High School of Sciences and Technology of Hammam Sousse, Sousse University-Tunisia, Hammam, BP 4011, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Taher Selmi
- Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LABEM), High School of Sciences and Technology of Hammam Sousse, Sousse University-Tunisia, Hammam, BP 4011, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Monig Seffen
- Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LABEM), High School of Sciences and Technology of Hammam Sousse, FP4BATIW project, Sousse University-Tunisia, Hammam, BP 4011, Sousse, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LABEM), High School of Sciences and Technology of Hammam Sousse, Sousse University-Tunisia, Hammam, BP 4011, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - François Brouers
- Institute of Physics, University of Liège, B5 Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kwon DR, Kwon H, Lee WR, Park J. Investigating Effects of Nano- to Micro-Ampere Alternating Current Stimulation on Trichophyton rubrum Growth. Ann Dermatol 2016; 28:575-578. [PMID: 27746636 PMCID: PMC5064186 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.5.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms including yeast and molds. Many studies have focused on modifying bacterial growth, but few on fungal growth. Microcurrent electricity may stimulate fungal growth. Objective This study aims to investigate effects of microcurrent electric stimulation on Trichophyton rubrum growth. Methods Standard-sized inoculums of T. rubrum derived from a spore suspension were applied to potato dextrose cornmeal agar (PDACC) plates, gently withdrawn with a sterile pipette, and were applied to twelve PDACC plates with a sterile spreader. Twelve Petri dishes were divided into four groups. The given amperage of electric current was 500 nA, 2 µA, and 4 µA in groups A, B, and C, respectively. No electric current was given in group D. Results In the first 48 hours, colonies only appeared in groups A and B (500 nA and 2 µA exposure). Colonies in group A (500 nA) were denser. Group C (4 µA) plates showed a barely visible film of fungus after 96 hours of incubation. Fungal growth became visible after 144 hours in the control group. Conclusion Lower intensities of electric current caused faster fungal growth within the amperage range used in this study. Based on these results, further studies with a larger sample size, various fungal species, and various intensities of electric stimulation should be conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Rak Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woo Ram Lee
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joonsoo Park
- Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|