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Han J, Qi X, Liang P. Improved sulfur autotrophic denitrification using supplementary bovine serum albumin. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160147. [PMID: 36375551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excess nitrate presented in natural water body and drinking water has been a challenge for maintaining safe ecosystem and human health. Sulfur autotrophic denitrification is proved a feasible technology to remove nitrate from water environment. However, comparatively low rate of sulfur autotrophic denitrification needs to be addressed before wide application of this technology, which is a result of the low solubility of elemental sulfur. Therefore, this study employed bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a supplementary material to modify the elemental sulfur for improved sulfur autotrophic denitrification rate. Artificial biofilm of Thiobacillus denitrificans was prepared and employed in experiments. By testing different amount of BSA applied in both elemental sulfur and the biofilm, including 1 %, 2 % and 4 % mass ratios, it was found that larger employment of BSA had significant effect in increasing the denitrification rate. Particularly when 4 % BSA was added into elemental sulfur, the highest denitrification rate reached 26.8 mg-N/(L·d), 3.7 times of the control group. Meanwhile, the largest reaction rate constant was achieved, 4.13 mg0.5/(L0.5·d), 2.78 times of the control group. This effect was attributed to promoted conversion of elemental sulfur to polysulfide that was easily utilized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. A long-term operation (14 days) of packed bed reactor filled with sulfur particles and 1 % BSA delivered a much faster start-up than the control and outperformed it with better denitrification performance all-through the experiment. This result evidenced again that BSA could make a highly effective supplement in sulfur autotrophic denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Han
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiang Qi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Lee GJ, Lamichhane P, Ahn SJ, Kim SH, Yewale MA, Choong CE, Jang M, Choi EH. Nitrate Capture Investigation in Plasma-Activated Water and Its Antifungal Effect on Cryptococcus pseudolongus Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12773. [PMID: 34884579 PMCID: PMC8657772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the capture of nitrate by magnesium ions in plasma-activated water (PAW) and its antifungal effect on the cell viability of the newly emerged mushroom pathogen Cryptococcus pseudolongus. Optical emission spectra of the plasma jet exhibited several emission bands attributable to plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The plasma was injected directly into deionized water (DW) with and without an immersed magnesium block. Plasma treatment of DW produced acidic PAW. However, plasma-activated magnesium water (PA-Mg-W) tended to be neutralized due to the reduction in plasma-generated hydrogen ions by electrons released from the zero-valent magnesium. Optical absorption and Raman spectra confirmed that nitrate ions were the dominant reactive species in the PAW and PA-Mg-W. Nitrate had a concentration-dependent antifungal effect on the tested fungal cells. We observed that the free nitrate content could be controlled to be lower in the PA-Mg-W than in the PAW due to the formation of nitrate salts by the magnesium ions. Although both the PAW and PA-Mg-W had antifungal effects on C. pseudolongus, their effectiveness differed, with cell viability higher in the PA-Mg-W than in the PAW. This study demonstrates that the antifungal effect of PAW could be manipulated using nitrate capture. The wide use of plasma therapy for problematic fungus control is challenging because fungi have rigid cell wall structures in different fungal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Joon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (P.L.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Pradeep Lamichhane
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (P.L.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Seong Jae Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Manesh Ashok Yewale
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (P.L.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Choe Earn Choong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (C.E.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (C.E.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (P.L.); (M.A.Y.)
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Rani V, Maróti G. Assessment of Nitrate Removal Capacity of Two Selected Eukaryotic Green Microalgae. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092490. [PMID: 34572139 PMCID: PMC8469671 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication is a leading problem in water bodies all around the world in which nitrate is one of the major contributors. The present study was conducted to study the effects of various concentrations of nitrate on two eukaryotic green microalgae, Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216 and Chlorella sp. MACC-360. For this purpose, both microalgae were grown in a modified tris-acetate-phosphate medium (TAP-M) with three different concentrations of sodium nitrate, i.e., 5 mM (TAP-M5), 10 mM (TAP-M10) and 15 mM (TAP-M15), for 6 days and it was observed that both microalgae were able to remove nitrate completely from the TAP-M5 medium. Total amount of pigments decreased with the increasing concentration of nitrate, whereas protein and carbohydrate contents remained unaffected. High nitrate concentration (15 mM) led to an increase in lipids in Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216, but not in Chlorella sp. MACC-360. Furthermore, Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216 and Chlorella sp. MACC-360 were cultivated for 6 days in synthetic wastewater (SWW) with varying concentrations of nitrate where both microalgae grew well and showed an adequate nitrate removal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Rani
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Bautista-Toledo MI, Maldonado-Hódar FJ, Morales-Torres S, Pastrana-Martínez LM. Supported Biofilms on Carbon-Oxide Composites for Nitrate Reduction in Agricultural Waste Water. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102987. [PMID: 34069848 PMCID: PMC8157387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli colonies were grown on different supports for the removal of nitrates from water. A carbon material and different commercial metal oxides, such as SiO2, TiO2 and Al2O3, and their corresponding carbon–metal oxide composites were studied. The physicochemical properties were analyzed by different techniques and the results were correlated with their performance in the denitrification process. Developed biofilms effectively adhere to the supports and always reach the complete reduction of nitrates to gaseous products. Nevertheless, faster processes occur when the biofilm is supported on mesoporous and non-acid materials (carbon and silica).
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Yun Y, Wen X, Liang Z, Zhu Z. Study on reaction mechanism and Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model of catalytic denitrification by Fe 0 and bimetallic catalyst. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:501-507. [PMID: 33645455 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1890496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this research was on the catalytic reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas for the water conservation. Zero-valent iron (Fe0) with bimetallic catalyst that carrier supported palladium (Pd) and copper (Cu) was innovatively applied in this study. First, XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses and experiments were conducted to study the mechanism of the catalytic reduction of nitrate. In the catalytic reaction, which is regarded as a stepwise process, Fe0 was the electron provider; Pd and Cu supported on carrier played indispensable but distinct roles. The kinetics suggested that the process was better reflected by first-order kinetics of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Additionally, first-order kinetics of the catalytic reaction under the effect of catalysts with different carriers (SiO2, silica gel, kaolin, diatomite, γ-Al2O3, graphene) were further studied. Pd-Cu/graphene catalyst showed higher catalytic performance compared with other catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Yun
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Institute of Intelligence and Environment industry Technology, Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | - Zhao Liang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Institute of Intelligence and Environment industry Technology, Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenya Zhu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Institute of Intelligence and Environment industry Technology, Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of ecological health, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, China
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Tang H, Zhang Y, Hu J, Li Y, Li N, Wang M. Mixture of different Pseudomonas aeruginosa SD-1 strains in the efficient bioaugmentation for synthetic livestock wastewater treatment. Chemosphere 2019; 237:124455. [PMID: 31376694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Strains selection for inoculation is the key to the successful construction of a bioaugmentation system, a promising strategy for specific pollutant removal. Pseudomonas aeruginosa SD-1 wild-type (WT) strain exhibited high capacity for biofilm formation but low efficiency for nitrate (NO3-) removal. Meanwhile, quorum sensing deficient strain ΔlasR showed excellent efficiency for NO3- removal but poor capability for colonization in activated sludge. The opposite effect of biofilm formation and NO3- removal exist in WT or ΔlasR, which limits the construction of bioaugmentation system of strain SD-1 and its application. To solve this issue, a mixture of WT and ΔlasR (v/v = 1:1) was used to construct a bioaugmentation system. Compared with the inoculation of WT or ΔlasR alone, the mixed inoculation not only was beneficial for activated sludge development but also for pollutant removal. The indicators for activated sludge including the abundance of P. aeruginosa, the sludge volume index and the average particle size in mixed inoculated reactors were close to those of reactors with single and repeated inoculation of WT. The effluent of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NO3--N were stable at 3.9-22.6 mg L-1 and 0-5.53 mg L-1 after d 3, respectively. This study presents a detailed case on the ecological tradeoff of colonization and pollutant removal of inoculated strains during bioaugmentation. The results provide information on the appropriate conditions for application of P. aeruginosa SD-1 for livestock wastewater treatment and further enrich our ecological understanding of bioaugmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Jingming Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Na Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China.
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Wang Z, Chen C, Liu H, Hrynshpan D, Savitskaya T, Chen J, Chen J. Effects of carbon nanotube on denitrification performance of Alcaligenes sp. TB: Promotion of electron generation, transportation and consumption. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 183:109507. [PMID: 31386942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) promote biodegradation in water treatment, but the effect of MWCNT on denitrification under aerobic conditions is still unclear. This investigation focused on the denitrification performance of MWCNT and its toxic effects on Alcaligenes sp. TB which showed that 30 mg/L MWCNTs increased NO3- removal efficiency from 84% to 100% and decreased the NO2-and N2O accumulation rates by 36% and 17.5%, respectively. Nitrite reductase and nitrous oxide reductase activities were further increased by 19.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The mechanism demonstrated that electron generation (NADH yield) and electron transportation system activity increased by 14.5% and 104%, respectively. Cell membrane analysis found that MWCNT caused an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which had positive effects on electron transportation and membrane fluidity at a low concentration of 96 mg/kg but caused membrane lipid peroxidation and impaired membrane integrity at a high concentration of 115 mg/L. These findings confirmed that MWCNT affects the activity of Alcaligenes sp. TB and consequently enhances denitrification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Cong Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Dzmitry Hrynshpan
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Savitskaya
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China.
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Khanongnuch R, Di Capua F, Lakaniemi AM, Rene ER, Lens PNL. Transient-state operation of an anoxic biotrickling filter for H 2S removal. J Hazard Mater 2019; 377:42-51. [PMID: 31136892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of an anoxic biotrickling filter (BTF) for H2S removal from contaminated gas streams is a promising technology for simultaneous H2S and NO3- removal. Three transient-state conditions, i.e. different liquid flow rates, wet-dry bed operations and H2S shock loads, were applied to a laboratory-scale anoxic BTF. In addition, bioaugmentation of the BTF with a H2S removing-strain, Paracoccus MAL 1HM19, to enhance the biomass stability was investigated. Liquid flow rates (120, 60 and 30 L d-1) affected the pH and NO3- removal efficiency (RE) in the liquid phase. Wet-dry bed operations at 2-2 h and 24-24 h reduced the H2S elimination capacity (EC) by 60-80%, while the operations at 1-1 h and 12-12 h had a lower effect on the BTF performance. When the BTF was subjected to H2S shock loads by instantly increasing the gas flow rate (from 60 to 200 L h-1) and H2S inlet concentration (from 112 (± 15) to 947 (± 151) ppmv), the BTF still showed a good H2S RE (>93%, EC of 37.8 g S m-3 h-1). Bioaugmentation with Paracoccus MAL 1HM19 enhanced the oxidation of the accumulated S0 to sulfate in the anoxic BTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramita Khanongnuch
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, P. O. Box 541, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Aino-Maija Lakaniemi
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, P. O. Box 541, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Eldon R Rene
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Piet N L Lens
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, P. O. Box 541, 33014 Tampere, Finland; UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
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Morris S, Garcia-Cabellos G, Ryan D, Enright D, Enright AM. Low-cost physicochemical treatment for removal of ammonia, phosphate and nitrate contaminants from landfill leachate. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2019; 54:1233-1244. [PMID: 31328626 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1633855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Four low-cost materials, oyster shells, pumice stone, sand and zeolite were employed as adsorbents in an adsorption batch assays investigating the removal of ammonia, phosphate and nitrate from an aqueous solution. These compounds were chosen as they represent typical compounds found in landfill leachate (LFL). Assay performance was evaluated by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The top two materials, oyster shells and pumice stone, were employed as adsorbents in a fixed-bed column trial examining the effect of bed height and flow rate on the treatment of a synthetic LFL. The trial concluded that the highest rates of adsorption were achieved using bed heights of 20 cm with a flow rate of 5 mL min-1. After optimization, the system was employed for the treatment of LFL from Powerstown landfill, Carlow, Ireland. Ammonia and nitrate were effectively removed by both adsorption materials resulting in a reduction of influent ammonia and nitrate concentrations to below the national discharge limits set for these compounds of ≤4 mg L-1 and ≤50 mg L-1, respectively. In contrast, although similar high removal efficiencies were observed for phosphate, these rates were not maintained during the test period with overall results indicating reduced phosphate adsorption in comparison to the other compounds tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Morris
- EnviroCore, Institute of Technology Carlow , Carlow , Ireland
| | | | - David Ryan
- EnviroCore, Institute of Technology Carlow , Carlow , Ireland
| | - Deirdre Enright
- Institute of Technology Tralee, Clash, Tralee , Co. Kerry, Ireland
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Osaki S, Kintoki T, Moriuchi-Kawakami T, Kitamura K, Wakida SI. Investigation of Polyurethane Matrix Membranes for Salivary Nitrate ISFETs to Prevent the Drift. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19122713. [PMID: 31212895 PMCID: PMC6630929 DOI: 10.3390/s19122713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated human-stress monitoring by making use of salivary nitrate, which can be a candidate for stress markers, with ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs). ISFETs are suitable for on-site single-drop analysis of salivary nitrate within 10 s. However, when ISFETs are used for salivary nitrate, ISFETs have a problem that is called the initial drift. The initial drift makes accurate nitrate monitoring difficult. Thus, the purpose of this study is to prevent the initial drift and to search for a new, simple polymer to possess a better performance of sensor responses than conventional matrix membranes, such as PVC. In this research, we investigated ISFETs using specific matrix membranes, for example KP-13, Pellethane®, and P7281-PU. The initial drift was evaluated from the fluctuations of the response values generated by the ISFETs when immersed in saliva or aqueous solution. As a result, P7281-PU showed a prevention effect on the initial drift, both in the whole saliva and in various solutions. Furthermore, the cause of drift may be H+ diffusion, and the drift prevention effect of P7281-PU may be affected by urethane bond capturing H+ in the ion-selective membrane. This result suggests that a continuous nitrate monitoring is feasible and may be applied to wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuto Osaki
- Aist-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, Suita 565-0043, Japan.
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0043, Japan.
| | - Takuya Kintoki
- Aist-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, Suita 565-0043, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan.
| | - Takayo Moriuchi-Kawakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Kitamura
- National Institute of Technology, Toba College, Toba 517-8501, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Wakida
- Aist-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, Suita 565-0043, Japan.
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0043, Japan.
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Shen Z, Dong X, Shi J, Ma Y, Liu D, Fan J. Simultaneous removal of nitrate/phosphate with bimetallic nanoparticles of Fe coupled with copper or nickel supported on chelating resin. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:16568-16576. [PMID: 30989609 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Given the prevalence of nitrate and phosphate in surface and groundwater, it is important to develop technology for the simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate. In this study, we prepared the bimetallic nanoparticles of Fe coupled with copper or nickel supported on chelating resin DOW 3N (D-Fe/Ni and D-Fe/Cu) for removing nitrate and phosphate simultaneously. XPS profiles revealed that Cu has better ability than Ni to increase the stability of Fe nanoparticles and prevent nZVI from oxidation. The results showed that nitrate removal efficiencies by D-Fe/Ni and D-Fe/Cu were 98.7% and 95.5%, respectively and the phosphate removal efficiencies of D-Fe/Cu and D-Fe/Ni were 99.0% and 93.0%, respectively. Besides adsorption and coprecipitation as reported in previous studies, the mechanism of phosphate removal also includes the adsorption of the newly formed polymeric ligand exchanger (PLE). Moreover, in previous studies, the presence of phosphate had significant negative effects on the reduction of nitrate. However, in this study, the removal efficiency of nitrate was less affected with the increasing concentration of phosphate for D-Fe/Cu. This was mainly because D-Fe/Cu had higher adsorption capacity of phosphate due to the newly formed PLE according to the XPS depth profile analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Shen
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
| | - Xinyi Dong
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Jialu Shi
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Yuanhao Ma
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Daoru Liu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
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Grießmeier V, Leberecht K, Gescher J. NO 3 - removal efficiency in field denitrification beds: key controlling factors and main implications. Environ Microbiol Rep 2019; 11:316-329. [PMID: 30977281 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution is a growing environmental threat that affects both ground- and surface-water. The typically used technique for nitrate elimination in wastewater treatment plants cannot be applied for all water streams as it necessitates a highly developed technical infrastructure. Field denitrification beds comprise one strategy to treat surface water containing high nitrate loads, which typically is due to the increasing agricultural land use. Here, the water passes through a basin containing a cheap carbon material as electron donor that provides the environmental niche for a complex microbial biocenosis. The microorganisms catalyse the hydrolysis of the polymeric organic carbon substrate and a variety of fermentative and respiratory pathways that are in the end supposed to lead to an efficient denitrification process. This review article integrates our current knowledge on environmental and operating parameters of and within denitrification beds including biotic and abiotic factors influencing the nitrate removal efficiency. Steering of these two factors can allow to minimise pollution swapping and the formation of greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Grießmeier
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kerstin Leberecht
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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13
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Xiu W, Yu X, Guo H, Yuan W, Ke T, Liu G, Tao J, Hou W, Dong H. Facilitated arsenic immobilization by biogenic ferrihydrite-goethite biphasic Fe(III) minerals (Fh-Gt Bio-bi-minerals). Chemosphere 2019; 225:755-764. [PMID: 30903849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic iron(III) minerals (BIM) widely occur in aquatic systems. However, characteristics and mechanisms of As sequestration by biogenic biphasic Fe(III) minerals (Bio-bi-minerals) are not clearly understood. We investigated characteristics of Bio-bi-minerals induced by Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002 and explored their As sequestration mechanisms by monitoring particle morphology, mineralogical composition, and As binding properties. Results showed that Fe(II) oxidation (about 3 mM) by Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002 under growth condition produced biogenic ferrihydrite-goethite biphasic Fe(III) minerals (Fh-Gt Bio-bi-minerals), which showed better performance in As immobilization compared to corresponding biogenic monophasic Fe(III) minerals (Bio-mono-minerals). Decreased particle size, increased abundance of ferrihydrite and occurrence of bidentate mononuclear edge-sharing (2E) and monodentate mononuclear edge-sharing As complexes (1V) contributed to enhanced As immobilization by Fh-Gt Bio-bi-minerals. We suggest that the Bio-bi-minerals have the potential to illuminate As biogeochemical cycles in aquatic systems and to remediate As and nitrate co-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaonuo Yu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Yuan
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Tiantian Ke
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jing Tao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal College, Anshan 114016, PR China
| | - Weiguo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Su JF, Gao CY, Huang TL, Bai XC, Liang DH, He L. Characterization of the Cd(II) and nitrate removal by bacterium Acinetobacter sp. SZ28 under different electron donor conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:12698-12708. [PMID: 30877544 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, zero-valent iron (ZVI), nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), Fe(II), and Mn(II) were investigated for their effects on mixotrophic denitrification coupled with cadmium (Cd(II)) adsorption process by Acinetobacter sp. SZ28. The removal rates of nitrate were 0.228 mg L-1 h-1 (ZVI), 0.133 mg L-1 h-1 (nZVI), 0.309 mg L-1 h-1 (Fe(II)) and 0.234 mg L-1 h-1 (Mn(II)), respectively. The Cd(II) removal efficiencies were 97.23% (ZVI), 95.79% (nZVI), 80.63% (Fe(II)), and 84.58% (Mn(II)), respectively. Meteorological chromatography analysis indicated that the characteristics of gas composition were different under different electron donor conditions. Moreover, characterization of bacterial metabolites produced by strain SZ28 under different conditions was analyzed. Sequence amplification identified the presence of the nitrate reductase gene (napA) and Mn(II)-oxide gene (cumA) in strain SZ28. The results of XRD and SEM indicated that ZVI, nZVI, Fe(II), and Mn(II) were oxidized into corresponding oxides. XPS spectra indicated that the Cd(II) was adsorbed onto biogenic precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng Su
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi' an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Chun Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi' an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ting Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi' an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xue Chen Bai
- China United Northwest Institute for Engineering Design and Research Co., Ltd (CUCED), Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Dong Hui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi' an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Lei He
- China United Northwest Institute for Engineering Design and Research Co., Ltd (CUCED), Xi'an, 710077, China
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Li Q, Lu X, Shuang C, Qi C, Wang G, Li A, Song H. Preferential adsorption of nitrate with different trialkylamine modified resins and their preliminary investigation for advanced treatment of municipal wastewater. Chemosphere 2019; 223:39-47. [PMID: 30763914 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a series of mono-functional and bifunctional anion exchange resins with different kinds of trialkylammonium groups were synthesized and used for adsorption of nitrate from aqueous solution. The obtained resins were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and pore size distribution. Adsorptive behaviors and mechanisms were investigated by batch experiments. The nitrate could be preferentially adsorbed in the presence of chloride, sulfate and humic acid by longer-chain trialkylamine modified resins. Especially, the L20 resin with the triethylammonium functional group was demonstrated to possess high selectivity toward nitrate with the highest distribution coefficient among all tested resins. For both single and bi-solutes systems, the adsorption isotherm data could be well fitted with the Langmuir model, while the experimental kinetic data was well described by both pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic model. The L20 resin could be reused after many adsorption-desorption cycles with most of its virgin adsorption capacity for advanced wastewater treatment, indicating its great potential for the selective and efficient removal of nitrate from large amounts of municipal wastewater or surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Li
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chendong Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chengdou Qi
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Haiou Song
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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16
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He T, Xie D, Ni J, Cai X, Li Z. Investigating the effect of copper and magnesium ions on nitrogen removal capacity of pure cultures by modified non-competitive inhibition model. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 170:479-487. [PMID: 30553926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper, a common heavy metal, may be beneficial for or poisonous to microbial activity. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different copper ion concentrations on the nitrogen removal performance of Arthrobacter arilaitensis strain Y-10 and Pseudomonas taiwanensis strain J488. The non-competitive inhibition model was employed to evaluate the 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50 values) of copper ions toward the pure strains. In the absence of magnesium ions, a low concentration of copper (0.1 mg/L) significantly enhanced the ammonium removal ability of strain Y-10 and its removal efficiency increased by 10.88% compared with the control treatment. Copper ranging from 0 to 0.1 mg/L had no significant effect on the ammonium removal capacity of strain J488. After adding 9.90 mg/L of magnesium to the basal medium, the effects of copper on nitrification of ammonium or denitrification of nitrate or nitrite were also assessed. In these conditions, 0.25 mg/L copper ions could strongly inhibit the ammonium, nitrate and nitrite removal activities for strain Y-10. For strain J488, no clear deterioration in ammonium removal efficiency was observed at copper ion concentrations below 0.5 mg/L, but 0.25 mg/L copper ions significantly inhibited nitrate and nitrite removal efficiencies, which were only 45.88% and 6.35%, respectively. The IC50 values of copper ions for nitrate and nitrite removal by strain Y-10 were 0.195 and 0.090 mg/L respectively; for strain J488, the IC50 values were 0.175 and 0.196 mg/L. The magnesium ions could improve the cell growth, nitrogen removal efficiency and copper ion resistance of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengxia He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multiscale Interfacial Process, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Deti Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multiscale Interfacial Process, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jiupai Ni
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multiscale Interfacial Process, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xi Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multiscale Interfacial Process, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhenlun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multiscale Interfacial Process, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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17
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Mwagona PC, Yao Y, Yuanqi S, Yu H. Laboratory study on nitrate removal and nitrous oxide emission in intact soil columns collected from nitrogenous loaded riparian wetland, Northeast China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214456. [PMID: 30921385 PMCID: PMC6438505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3−) pollution of surface and groundwater systems is a major problem globally. For some time now wetlands have been considered potential systems for improving water quality. Nitrate dissolved in water moving through wetlands can be removed through different processes, such as the denitrification process, where heterotrophic facultative anaerobic bacteria use NO3− for respiration, leading to the production of nitrogen (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases. Nitrate removal and emission of N2O in wetlands can vary spatially, depending on factors such as vegetation, hydrology and soil structure. This study intended to provide a better understanding of the spatial variability and processes involved in NO3− removal and emission of N2O in riparian wetland soils. We designed a laboratory experiment simulating surface water flow through soil columns collected from different sites dominated by different plant species within a wetland. Water and gas samples for NO3−,NH4+ and N2O analyses were collected every 5 days for a period of 30 days. The results revealed significant removal of NO3− in all the soil columns, supporting the role of riparian wetland soils in removing nitrogen from surface runoff. Nitrate removal at 0 and 10cm depths in sites dominated by Phragmites australis and Carex schnimdtii was significantly higher than in the site dominated by Calamagrostis epigeio. Nitrous oxide emissions varied spatially and temporally with negative flux observed in sites dominated by P. australis and C. schnimdtii. These results reveal that in addition to the ability of wetlands to remove NO3−, some sites within wetlands are also capable of consuming N2O, hence mitigating not only agricultural nitrate pollution but also climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patteson Chula Mwagona
- College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Yao
- College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YY); (HY)
| | - Shan Yuanqi
- College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxian Yu
- College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YY); (HY)
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18
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Fatehi-Pouladi S, Anderson BC, Wootton B, Button M, Bissegger S, Rozema L, Weber KP. Interstitial water microbial communities as an indicator of microbial denitrifying capacity in wood-chip bioreactors. Sci Total Environ 2019; 655:720-729. [PMID: 30476852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The discharge from food production greenhouses (greenhouse effluent) contains high nutrient and salt concentrations, which, if directly released, can have adverse effects on the environment. Wood-chip bioreactors are increasingly popular passive water treatment systems favoured for their economical denitrification in treating agricultural field tile drainage. Microbial communities are central to denitrification; however little is known about the maturation of microbial communities in wood-chip bioreactors treating greenhouse effluents. In this study, multiple subsurface flow wood-chip bioreactors, each vegetated with a different plant species, together with an unplanted unit, received synthetic greenhouse effluent with elevated nitrate concentrations. The hybrid bioreactors were operated for over 2 years, during which time water samples were collected from the inlet, outlet and within the reactors. The increasing denitrification rate in the bioreactor planted with Typha angustifolia (narrowleaf cattail) correlated with increasing microbial activity and metabolic richness, measured by the carbon utilization patterns in Biolog® EcoPlates. Increased denitrifying gene (nirS) copies (determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, qPCR), and near-complete nitrate removal were observed in the T. angustifolia and unplanted reactors after 16 and 23 months of operation respectively. The findings suggested that an acclimation period of at least one year can be expected in unseeded bioreactors planted with T. angustifolia, while bioreactors without vegetation may require a longer time to maximize their denitrification capacity. These results are important for the design and operation of wood-chip bioreactors, which are expected to be more commonly applied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Fatehi-Pouladi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, 58 University Ave., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Bruce C Anderson
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, 58 University Ave., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brent Wootton
- Centre for Advancement of Water and Wastewater Technologies, Fleming College, 200 Albert Street South, Lindsay, ON K9V 5E6, Canada
| | - Mark Button
- Fipke Laboratory for Trace Element Research, Earth, Environmental and Geographic Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Sonja Bissegger
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Station Forces, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Lloyd Rozema
- Aqua Treatment Technologies, 4250 Fly Road, Campden, ON L0R 1G0, Canada
| | - Kela P Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Station Forces, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
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Wu Z, Xu F, Yang C, Su X, Guo F, Xu Q, Peng G, He Q, Chen Y. Highly efficient nitrate removal in a heterotrophic denitrification system amended with redox-active biochar: A molecular and electrochemical mechanism. Bioresour Technol 2019; 275:297-306. [PMID: 30594840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is widely used in water treatment because of its porous structure, however, the effects of biochars on denitrification remain unclear. Here, we combined molecular biological and electrochemical techniques to investigate effects of biochars (formed at 300 °C, 500 °C and 800 °C) on denitrification. Results showed that biochar at 300 °C increased total nitrogen removal by 415% and decreased N2O accumulation by 78%. Mechanistic research demonstrated that it achieved the highest electron transfer efficiency and denitrifying enzyme activities. Further study evidenced that biochar at 300 °C increased the abundance of denitrifiers such as Pseudomonas. Correlation analysis indicated that nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activities were the key factors influenced by biochar during denitrification. Overall, this study suggested that biochar at 300 °C could act as the bio-engineer of electron shuttle and the stimulator of denitrification, achieving high rate nitrogen removal and significant reduction of N2O accumulation from high-strength wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsong Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Su
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Fucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qinyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Guilong Peng
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Romano I, Abbate M, Poli A, D'Orazio L. Bio-cleaning of nitrate salt efflorescence on stone samples using extremophilic bacteria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1668. [PMID: 30733526 PMCID: PMC6367513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, we propose the use of an extremophilic bacterium to remove nitrate salt efflorescence from the surfaces of stone samples. A haloalkaliphilic bacterium was selected "ad hoc" for its ability to reduce nitrates; i.e. Halomonas campaniensis sp. nov., strain 5AGT (DSM 15293T, ATCC BAA-966T). Quantitative monitoring of nitrate content, on untreated and treated surfaces of stone samples artificially enriched with nitrate, as a function of incubation/treatment time, was carried out by molecular spectroscopy. The results obtained reveal the good performance of Halomonas campaniensis bacterium in decreasing nitrate concentration on stone surfaces both in a controlled laboratory environment for temperature and relative humidity and in a real outdoor environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Romano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Abbate
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Poli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana D'Orazio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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21
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Shi ZJ, Xu LZJ, Wu D, Cheng YF, Zhang FY, Liao SM, Zhang ZZ, He MM, Jin RC. Anammox granule as new inoculum for start-up of anaerobic sulfide oxidation (ASO) process and its reverse start-up. Chemosphere 2019; 217:279-288. [PMID: 30419382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of implementing anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granules to start up high-loading anaerobic sulfide oxidation (ASO) in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor was investigated. An innovation method of the reverse start-up of anammox was also validated. Firstly, the reactor was operated to treat sulfide-rich wastewaters into which nitrite was introduced as an electron acceptor. An high-rate performance with sulfide and nitrate removal rates of 105.5 ± 0.11 kg S m-3 d-1 and 28.45 ± 3.40 kg N m-3 d-1, respectively, was accomplished. Sulfurovum were enriched with the increase of the substrate load and then conquered Candidatus Kuenenia to be the predominant bacteria. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy showed that the intensities of fluorescence decreased and protein-like substrates were the main components associated with the process of start-up. FT-IR analysis found that the main functional groups indicator were O-H groups. Secondly, the reverse start-up of anammox (achieving 90% TN removal) was achieved immediately when the substrate changed. 16S rRNA analysis indicated the successfully enrichment of anammox bacteria (Candidatus Kuenenia). These results suggest that anammox granules can act as inoculum of high-loading ASO process and the reverse start-up provides a new perspective for the fast initiation of anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Fu-Yue Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Si-Mo Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Miao-Miao He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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Yang JR, Wang Y, Chen H, Lyu YK. Ammonium removal characteristics of an acid-resistant bacterium Acinetobacter sp. JR1 from pharmaceutical wastewater capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification. Bioresour Technol 2019; 274:56-64. [PMID: 30500764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new acid-resistant bacterium Acinetobacter sp. JR1 was isolated, and its feasibility in nitrogen removal was investigated under acidic condition. Results show that JR1 indicated excellent ammonium and nitrate removal abilities with no accumulation of intermediates, and the maximum ammonium and nitrate removal efficiencies were 98.5% and 91.1%, respectively. Further experiments demonstrated that JR1 preferred to use ammonium with ammonium and nitrate as the mixed N-sources. For JR1, ammonium was assimilated directly as nutrients into cells and also converted into N2 through heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification. Under acidic condition, JR1 performed comparable nitrogen removal abilities to other strains under neutral or weak alkaline environment, and the efficient removal of ammonium occurred at pH 4.5-10, C/N 12-24, 20-40 °C, DO ≥4.72 mg/L, 0-1.5% of salinity, 10 mg/L Zn2+ or 20 mg/L Mn2+. All these make JR1 a promising candidate for treating acidic wastewater containing nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Hu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Yong-Kang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
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23
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Pu S, Deng D, Wang K, Wang M, Zhang Y, Shangguan L, Chu W. Optimizing the removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions via reduced graphite oxide-supported nZVI: synthesis, characterization, kinetics, and reduction mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:3932-3945. [PMID: 30547335 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has been considered an ideal absorbent and excellent carrier for nanoparticles. Reduced graphite oxide (rGO)-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI@rGO) is an effective material for removing nitrate from water. nZVI@rGO nanocomposites were prepared by a liquid-phase reduction method and then applied for nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) removal in aqueous solution under anaerobic conditions. The experimental results showed that the stability and activity of the nZVI@rGO nanocomposites were enhanced compared with those of nZVI. The influence of the reaction conditions, including the initial concentration of NO3--N, coexisting anions, initial pH of the solution, and water temperature, on NO3--N removal was also investigated by batch experiments. In a neutral or slightly alkaline environment, 90% of NO3--N at a concentration less than 50 mg/L could be removed within 1 h, and nitrogen production was approximately 15%. The process of NO3--N removal by nZVI@rGO fits well with different reaction kinetics. In addition, magnetite was the main oxidation product. RGO-supported nZVI might become a promising filler in the permeable reactive barrier process for groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daili Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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24
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Karamati-Niaragh E, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Emamjomeh MM, Nazlabadi E. Evaluation of direct and alternating current on nitrate removal using a continuous electrocoagulation process: Economical and environmental approaches through RSM. J Environ Manage 2019; 230:245-254. [PMID: 30292013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) for nitrate removal and its operating costs by using a continuous electrocoagulation (CEC) process. For this purpose, two series of 31 experiments, which were designed by response surface method (RSM), were carried out in both cases of the AC and the DC modes. In each series, the effect of selected parameters, namely, initial nitrate concentration, inlet flow rate, current density and initial pH along with their interactions on the nitrate removal efficiency as well as its operating costs, as responses, were investigated separately. According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), there is a reasonable agreement between achieving results and the experimental data for both responses. The nitrate removal in the AC mode was slightly more efficient than that of the DC mode. In addition, the average operating costs of the DC mode, including the energy and the electrode consumption for the CEC process were achieved 54 US$/(kg nitrate removed); whereas this amount was calculated 29 US$/(kg nitrate removed) for the AC mode. Therefore, the average of the operating costs was improved more than 40% using the AC mode, which was mainly related to reduction of aluminum electrode consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Karamati-Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Nazlabadi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
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25
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Watsuntorn W, Ruangchainikom C, Rene ER, Lens PNL, Chulalaksananukul W. Comparison of sulphide and nitrate removal from synthetic wastewater by pure and mixed cultures of nitrate-reducing, sulphide-oxidizing bacteria. Bioresour Technol 2019; 272:40-47. [PMID: 30308406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the activities of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) oxidation and nitrate (N-NO3-) reduction by three pure and mixed strains of nitrate-reducing, sulphide oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB) were determined. Batch experiments were performed at 35 °C and pH 7.0-8.0 with initial H2S concentrations of 650-900 ppmv and N-NO3- concentrations of ∼120 mg/L. The strains MAL 1HM19, TPN 1HM1 and TPN 3HM1 were capable of removing 100% gas-phase H2S. The co-cultures showed better performance for H2S and N-NO3- removal. The mixed NR-SOB strains showed a higher H2S oxidation rate (143 ± 18 ppmv/h), while the highest N-NO3- removal rate (5.5 ± 0 and 5.1 ± 0.6 N-NO3- mg/L·h) was obtained by a mixture of two NR-SOB strains. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that all strains belonged to the sub-class Alphaproteobacteria and are closely related to Paracoccus sp. (>99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannapawn Watsuntorn
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Eldon R Rene
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P. O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P. O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Warawut Chulalaksananukul
- Biofuels by Biocatalysts Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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26
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Lu JL, Chen HP, Xiao L. [Characterization of a Newly Isolated Strain Pseudomonas sp. N3 for Denitrification at Low Temperature]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:5612-5619. [PMID: 30628407 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201801303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on traditional microbiological methods, a novel denitrifier Pseudomonas sp. N3 with excellent denitrification capacity at low temperature was isolated and identified using phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis. Complete nitrate removal was achieved at C/N=8, that is, 70 mg·L-1 nitrate. In addition, the isolate exhibited a great adaptability for low temperature and can reach 100% removal of 15 mg·L-1 nitrate at a temperature as low as 4℃ within 36 h. The denitrification genes of narG and nirS were highly expressed; they were at the same order of magnitude as those at 30℃. Semicontinuous experiments were conducted to test the stability of N3 immobilized with polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate at 10℃. The results show that immobilized N3 can remove 15 mg·L-1 nitrate completely within three days and maintains a strong mechanical performance and stability during the whole 54 days. The cold resistance and high denitrification ability of the strain N3 make it applicable to nitrogen wastewater treatment in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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27
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Lei X, Liu F, Li M, Ma X, Wang X, Zhang H. Fabrication and characterization of a Cu-Pd-TNPs polymetallic nanoelectrode for electrochemically removing nitrate from groundwater. Chemosphere 2018; 212:237-244. [PMID: 30145415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel Cu-Pd-TNPs (Copper-Palladium-TiO2 Nanopores) polymetallic nanoelectrode was fabricated, and then used to catalytically reduce dissolved nitrate in groundwater. The aim was to develop a high efficient nanoelectrode for removing nitrate from groundwater. The Cu-Pd-TNPs polymetallic nanoelectrode was fabricated by plating Pd onto a TiO2 nanoporous matrix and then plating Cu onto the layer which is previous coating. TiO2 nanopores on the Cu-Pd-TNPs electrode surface gave the electrode a large specific surface area, and the Pd and Cu nanoparticles gave the electrode a high nitrogen to hydrogen ratio and a high nitrate reduction activity. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the Cu-Pd-TNPs polymetallic nanoelectrode was porous with lamellar deposits. The elements on the Cu-Pd-TNPs electrode surface, identified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, were Ti, Pd, Cu, and O. The Cu-Pd-TNPs electrode gave a high nitrate reduction rate, removing 287.3% nitrate more than that was removed by a Ti nanoelectrode under the same conditions. The optimal NaCl concentration, at which the electrode effectively removed nitrate and produced as few byproducts as possible, was determined. Nitrate was completely removed using the Cu-Pd-TNPs electrode with a Pt anode at a NaCl concentration of 0.5 g L-1, little ammonia and almost no nitrite were detected in the treated solution. Using a constant current density, temperature strongly affected nitrate removal, but the initial nitrate concentration affected the removal rate little. Maximum nitrate was removed at pH 3 when the other conditions were constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xuejiao Ma
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinghui Wang
- School of Municipal Road and Bridge Projects, Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction, Huhhot, 010070, China
| | - Hanjun Zhang
- School of Municipal Road and Bridge Projects, Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction, Huhhot, 010070, China
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28
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Xu H, Li Y, Ding M, Chen W, Wang K, Lu C. Simultaneous removal of dissolved organic matter and nitrate from sewage treatment plant effluents using photocatalytic membranes. Water Res 2018; 143:250-259. [PMID: 29960179 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The residual dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrate in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent have potential negative impacts on the aqueous environment. To that end, we used formic acid (FA) to enhance the photochemical behavior of the photocatalytic membrane for the simultaneous removal of DOM and nitrate from secondary STP effluent. Effluent samples were collected from two different biological treatment processes, Anaerobic-Oxic and Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic-membrane bioreactor, respectively. Through Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis, we found that the addition of FA resulted in a similar molecular transformation in different STP effluent samples. Besides, the radical signal of the carboxyl anion could be observed during the photocatalytic process. Based on the results, we proposed the mechanism of the process that carboxyl anion radicals generated by FA could attack DOM and result in further oxidation of the DOM transition state to CO2 or small molecule by nitrate. Meanwhile, CHON and CHOS compounds in DOM were attacked by the carboxyl anion radicals more easily than CHO compounds. Moreover, long-term use of the membrane confirmed its durability and reusability in practical applications. At a moderate FA concentration and lower hydraulic retention time, the nitrate and DOM removal efficiencies for the sample from JX STP were 68% and 70%, respectively, whereas those of the CD STP sample were 85% and 60%. The removal of DOM and nitrate from different STP effluents using photocatalytic membranes is an advanced approach for the treatment of secondary effluent, and may be applicable to other membranes or systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Hohai University, College of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Hohai University, College of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Mingmei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Hohai University, College of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Hohai University, College of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Hohai University, College of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chunhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Alighardashi A, Mehrani MJ, Ramezanianpour AM. Pervious concrete reactive barrier containing nano-silica for nitrate removal from contaminated water. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:29481-29492. [PMID: 30136181 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the effectiveness of using pervious concrete as a reactive barrier to decrease the concentration of nitrates in polluted water was investigated. Parameters of concrete mix design including water to cement ratio (W/C), aggregate to cement ratio (A/C), the amount of nano-silica (NS), and fine aggregates (FA) were studied based on Taguchi method. Properties of concrete such as compressive strength, density, permeability, and porosity, as well as pH measurement and the column method were carried out to assess the nitrate removal capacity of pervious concrete. Also, SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR were used to analyze the results. It was found that the optimum mix design in terms of nitrate removal corresponded to the mix with W/C = 0.26, A/C = 5, NS = 6%, and FA = 20%. Based on the results, it can be said that adding NS (up to 6%) and FA (up to 20%) to pervious concrete had the best influence on nitrate removal and compressive strength. Addition of NS increased the nitrate removal capacity due to increase in surface positive charges and provision of new surface functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Alighardashi
- Department of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Abbaspour Blvd., Tehran Pars, P.O. Box 16765-1719, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Mehrani
- Department of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Abbaspour Blvd., Tehran Pars, P.O. Box 16765-1719, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4563-11155, Enghelab Square, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Chu S, Zhang D, Zhi Y, Wang B, Chi CP, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhou P. Enhanced removal of nitrate in the maize rhizosphere by plant growth-promoting Bacillus megaterium NCT-2, and its colonization pattern in response to nitrate. Chemosphere 2018; 208:316-324. [PMID: 29883866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High soil nitrate concentrations can lead to the secondary salinization of soils. Bacillus megaterium NCT-2 is a wild-type strain isolated from secondary salinized soil and is very effective in reducing nitrate. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out to investigate its nitrate reduction capabilities, colonization pattern, and plant growth promotion responses to nitrate content in the soil. B. megaterium NCT-2 was marked with a green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene and was left to successfully colonize maize roots and the rhizosphere. Inoculation with gfp-tagged NCT-2 significantly promoted nitrate removal from the soil and improved plant growth. Confocal microscopy results revealed that NCT-2 is an endophyte that can colonize the meristematic and elongation zones of the root tip, and the middle segment of the root. Soil nitrate concentration had no significant effect on NCT-2 distribution. The gfp-tagged NCT-2 populations in the roots and rhizosphere soil first increased, but then decreased, and at the end of the experiment, colonization levels in the rhizosphere soil stabilized at ∼5 × 104 CFU g-1 soil. However, the levels in the roots increased again to 1-3 × 104 CFU g-1 root in the different treatments. The NCT-2 population in the roots was significantly affected by nitrate content. A nitrate-nitrogen concentration of 72 mg kg-1 was the optimum concentration for NCT-2 colonization of maize roots. This study will improve the agricultural application of NCT-2 as a biofertilizer for nitrate removal and plant growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Chu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuee Zhi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chin-Ping Chi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Ghaeminia M, Mokhtarani N. Remediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater by PRB-Electrokinetic integrated process. J Environ Manage 2018; 222:234-241. [PMID: 29859463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon is used as a reactive media in Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) for the removal of inorganic contaminants such as nitrate from groundwater. Since removal rate by this media decreases by time and due to the high costs of excavation and replacement of new media, the usage of activated carbon as an adsorbent in PRB is limited. The present study aimed to solve this defect by integrating electrokinetic process and PRB, using in-situ regeneration of activated carbon. This research was carried out on a laboratory scale using synthetically contaminated water and modified activated carbon as a reactive media in PRB. The effects of pH, nitrate concentration, carbon to sand ratio, and also electric gradient on the performance of the process were evaluated, and optimal conditions were determined, to increase the system longevity. According to the results, by applying an electric gradient of 1.25 V cm-1 to the PRB alone process in optimum operating condition (135 mg L-1 initial nitrate concentration, flow rate of 2.3 L min-1, pH = 6.8, and carbon to sand ratios of 1:1) the adsorbent capacity increased by 90%. Under these conditions, the integrated process could keep nitrate concentration in the effluent below the standard limit for about 111 h, while the PRB alone process could do the same job for about 59 h. Also, SEM analysis showed that by applying electrokinetic process, activated carbon was regenerated. Integration of electrokinetic process and PRB was also caused nitrate to transfer from activated carbon media into the soil layer above the system. This nitrate-rich soil has the potential for reuse in agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdyar Ghaeminia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nader Mokhtarani
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116 Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Paixão RM, Reck IM, Gomes RG, Bergamasco R, Vieira MF, Vieira AMS. Water decontamination containing nitrate using biosorption with Moringa oleifera in dynamic mode. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:21544-21554. [PMID: 29781059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) seeds in the biosorption of nitrate present in aqueous solutions by means of batch and fixed-bed column biosorption processes. The batch assays showed that nitrate biosorption is enhanced under experimental conditions of pH 3 and a biosorbent mass of 0.05 g. For the experiments in dynamic mode, the results obtained from the statistical parameters showed that lesser pH, lesser feed flow rate, and higher initial concentration will result in an increase of the maximum capacity of the bed. These conditions were confirmed by experimental analysis. The best experimental conditions, according to the values for percentage removal (91.09%) and maximum capacity (7.69 mg g-1) of the bed, were those used in assay 1, which utilized pH 3, feed flow rate of 1 mL min-1, and initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Manesco Paixão
- Chemical Engineering Department, State University of Maringa, Av Colombo, Maringa, Parana, 5790, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Reck
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringa, Av Colombo, Maringa, Parana, 5790, Brazil
| | - Raquel Guttierres Gomes
- Food Engineering Department, State University of Maringa, Av Colombo, Maringa, Parana, 5790, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- Chemical Engineering Department, State University of Maringa, Av Colombo, Maringa, Parana, 5790, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fernandes Vieira
- Chemical Engineering Department, State University of Maringa, Av Colombo, Maringa, Parana, 5790, Brazil
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Castaldelli G, Aschonitis V, Vincenzi F, Fano EA, Soana E. The effect of water velocity on nitrate removal in vegetated waterways. J Environ Manage 2018; 215:230-238. [PMID: 29573673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extended networks of canals and ditches in agricultural landscapes provide high buffer capacity towards nitrogen (N) excess. Their N mitigation potential depends on several biotic and abiotic factors, among which water velocity is poorly explored and generally omitted from the parameterization of this remarkable ecosystem service. The present work reports new insights on the role of flow velocity in regulating N removal via denitrification in sediments colonized by Phragmites australis. Denitrification was investigated in outdoor mesocosms in the presence and absence of P. australis and over a small range of flow velocity (0-6 cm s-1) typical of low-gradient water bodies. Simultaneous measurements of NO3- consumption and N2 production based on analyses of N2:Ar by Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry were undertaken. Vegetated sediments were found more efficient in converting NO3- to N2 via microbial-mediated denitrification (27-233 mmol N m-2 d-1) than bare sediments (18-33 mmol N m-2 d-1). Vegetation provides multiple interfaces, i.e. in the rhizosphere and on epiphytic biofilms, that support the development and activity of bacterial communities responsible for NO3- dissipation. NO3- removal and denitrification rates exhibited one order of magnitude raise when water velocity passed from 0 to 6 cm s-1 in vegetated sediments. Indeed, in slow-flow vegetated waterways denitrification may be physically limited and the increase of water velocity enhances the rate of NO3- supply through the diffusive boundary layer, thereby promoting its consumption and loss from the system. Water velocity should be taken into account as a key factor for management and restoration actions aimed at maximizing the NO3- buffer capacity of low-flow drainage networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Castaldelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vassilis Aschonitis
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Vincenzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Anna Fano
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Soana
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Dong L, Lin L, Li Q, Huang Z, Tang X, Wu M, Li C, Cao X, Scholz M. Enhanced nitrate-nitrogen removal by modified attapulgite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron treating simulated groundwater. J Environ Manage 2018; 213:151-158. [PMID: 29494931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Attapulgite (or palygorskite) is a magnesium aluminium phyllosilicate. Modified attapulgite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was created by a liquid-phase reduction method and then applied for nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) removal (transformation) in simulated groundwater. Nanoscale zero-valent iron was sufficiently dispersed on the surface of thermally modified attapulgite. The NO3-N removal efficiency reached up to approximately 83.8% with an initial pH values of 7.0. The corresponding thermally modified attapulgite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (TATP-NZVI) and NO3-N concentrations were 2.0 g/L and 20 mg/L respectively. Moreover, 72.1% of the water column NO3-N was converted to ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) within 6 h. The influence of environmental boundary conditions including dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, light illumination and water temperature on NO3-N removal was also investigated with batch experiments. The results indicated that the DO concentration greatly impacted on NO3-N removal in the TATP-NZVI-contained solution, and the NO3-N removal efficiencies were 58.5% and 83.3% with the corresponding DO concentrations of 9.0 and 0.3 mg/L after 6 h of treatment, respectively. Compared to DO concentrations, no significant (p > 0.05) effect of light illumination on NO3-N removal and NH4-N generation was detected. The water temperature also has great importance concerning NO3-N reduction, and the removal efficiency of NO3-N at 25 °C was 1.25 times than that at 15 °C. For groundwater, therefore, environmental factors such as water temperature, anaerobic conditions and darkness could influence the NO3-N removal efficiency when TATP-NZVI is present. This study also demonstrated that TATP-NZVI has the potential to be developed as a suitable material for direct remediation of NO3-N-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Li Lin
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Xianqiang Tang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Chao Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Xiaohuan Cao
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden; Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Peel Park Campus, Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom; Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Yang Y, Chen T, Zhang X, Qing C, Wang J, Yue Z, Liu H, Yang Z. Simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate from wastewater by siderite based autotrophic denitrification. Chemosphere 2018; 199:130-137. [PMID: 29433026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential of simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate from wastewater by a single anaerobic Fe(II) oxidizing denitrifiers (the strain PXL1) was assessed using siderite biofilters under different influent TOC concentrations and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) over a 160-day trial. Higher TOC concentrations promoted NO3- removal, while there was no significant influence on PO43- removal. Lowering down HRT from 10 h to 5 h did not significantly influence NO3- and PO43- removal. The NO3- removal performance and microbial community structure in the biofilters indicated that NO3- was reduced to N2 by both strain PXL1 and heterotrophic Acidovorax delafieldii. Iron content analysis of the used siderite along the biofilters showed that PO43- removal was improved by the bio-oxidation of Fe(II) in siderite to Fe(III) via the strain PXL1. The coexistence of the strain PXL1 and natural siderite in nitrate-contaminated aquifers provides a practical technology for in situ remediation of nutrient contaminated waterbodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Laboratory of Nanominerals and Environmental Material, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tianhu Chen
- Laboratory of Nanominerals and Environmental Material, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Xun Zhang
- Laboratory of Nanominerals and Environmental Material, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chengsong Qing
- Laboratory of Nanominerals and Environmental Material, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Laboratory of Nanominerals and Environmental Material, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhengbo Yue
- Laboratory of Nanominerals and Environmental Material, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Laboratory of Nanominerals and Environmental Material, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Laboratory of Nanominerals and Environmental Material, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Nan YB, Peng YZ, Zeng LY, Zhao ZC, Liu H, Li H, Chen YZ. [Effect of Step Feed on Denitrifying Phosphorus and Nitrate Removal in a Modification of the Two Sludge A 2/O-BAF System]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:1704-1712. [PMID: 29964996 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201709261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A modification of the two sludge A2/O-BAF system was used to treat low C/N real domestic sewage. In order to improve the utilization of the carbon source, the effects of two step feeds (pre-anoxic zone and anoxic zone) on denitrifying phosphorus and nitrate removal were studied. According to the formula of material balance for COD, the utilization of carbon source was analyzed and evaluated under different ratios of step feed, simultaneously. The results showed that when the ratio of step feed was 7:3 and the influent concentrations of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP were 174.99, 58.19, 59.10, and 5.15 mg·L-1, respectively, their effluent concentrations were 29.48, 4.07, 14.10, and 0.40 mg·L-1, and the removal rates were 82.12%, 92.76%, 75.45%, and 91.20%, respectively. It was found that when the ratio of the denitrifying phosphorus accumulation organisms to the phosphorus accumulation organisms(DPAOs/PAOs) was 98.81%, the efficiencies of denitrifying phosphorus and nitrate removal were optimum. By optimizing step feed, the carbon source was utilized effectively, and the efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus removal were improved simultaneously. The theoretical basis has thus been provided for the modification of the two sludge A2/O-BAF system to treat low C/N waste water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bin Nan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Li-Yun Zeng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Chen X, Huang Y, Chen G, Li P, Shen Y, Davis TW. The secretion of organics by living Microcystis under the dark/anoxic condition and its enhancing effect on nitrate removal. Chemosphere 2018; 196:280-287. [PMID: 29306780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that the algal decomposition produces particulate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and can enhance denitrification in eutrophic lakes. However, the effects of the living cyanobacteria on nitrogen cycling in eutrophic lakes were still an unknown question. This study explores a new underlying mechanism of nitrate removal which is driven by living Microcystis. The results suggested that living Microcystis significantly enhanced the nitrate removal at sediment-water interface, with a nitrate removal rate of 0.54 d-1, which was 2.57 times higher than the nitrate removal rate in the treatment without the addition of Microcystis. Measurements of Chl a and Fv/Fm confirmed that Microcystis was tolerant to the dark/anoxic condition, and the recovery experiments suggested that Microcystis could survive under such stress conditions for at least seven days. Meanwhile, DOC secreted by living Microcystis reached to 4.55 mg C mg-1 Chl a. These secretions were biodegradable hydrophilic and contained carbohydrates and proteins. Our study indicated that during blooms, sinking Microcystis cells could directly provide DOC as carbon source, then consequently enhanced the denitrification at sediment-water interface, and the interactive relationship between living cyanobacteria and permanent nitrate removal should be taken into account while studying nitrogen cycling in aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechu Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping on Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai, 200232, PR China.
| | - Yingying Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
| | - Guiqin Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Panpan Li
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yingshi Shen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Timothy Walter Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
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Ma YF, Yang XZ, Zhao XH, Hu CX, Tan QL, Sun XC, Wu JS. [Effects of Wastewater Nitrogen Concentrations and NH 4+/NO 3- on Nitrogen Removal Ability and the Nitrogen Component of Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:1167-1179. [PMID: 29965461 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201706139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solution culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of wastewater nitrogen levels and NH4+/NO3- on nitrogen removal ability and the nitrogen component of Myriophyllum aquaticum. Experiments with three nitrogen levels and NH4+/NO3- were set up as follows:20, 100, and 200 mg·L-1and NH4+/NO3- 1:0, 0.5:0.5, and 0:1. The results showed that the biomass of plants increased fastest during the first week. The plants treated with NH4+/NO3-=1:0 with nitrogen levels of 20 and 100 mg·L-1 and those treated with NH4+/NO3-=0.5:0.5 with a nitrogen concentration of 200 mg·L-1 exhibited higher biomass than the others. The removal rates of water total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen during the first week were the maximum for all treatments and increased with water nitrogen levels. There were no significant differences in the removal rate between ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen with a nitrogen level of 20 mg/L, while with nitrogen levels of 100 and 200 mg·L-1, the nitrate removal rates were higher than those for ammonium nitrogen. The Myriophyllum aquaticum nitrogen accumulation and its contribution rate to nitrogen removal from water and sediment were all increased with water nitrogen levels and increased fastest during the first week. The contribution rate of nitrogen accumulated by plants with NH4+/NO3-=0:1 was the highest with nitrogen levels of 20 mg·L-1, while plants with NH4+/NO3-=0.5:0.5 were the highest with nitrogen levels of 100 and 200 mg·L-1. The protein, amino, and nitrate nitrogen contents in Myriophyllum aquaticum plants were all increased by increasing water nitrogen levels with a ranking of protein content > amino nitrogen content > nitrate nitrogen content. The protein concentrations in plants with NH4+/NO3-=1:0 and NH4+/NO3-=0.5:0.5 were higher regardless of water nitrogen levels, while the amino nitrogen concentration in plants with NH4+/NO3-=1:0 and the nitrate nitrogen content in plants with NH4+/NO3-=0:1 were higher than the others. It was concluded that the nitrogen removal ability of Myriophyllum aquaticum was improved by raising water nitrogen levels under the tested condition, which indicates that Myriophyllum aquaticum could purify high nitrogen wastewater. Myriophyllum aquaticum is an ammonium-nitrophile, but had the strongest capacity for growing and removing wastewater nitrogen exhibited with higher than 100 mg·L-1 nitrogen levels only with equal NH4+ to NO3-. The nitrogen component concentrations of protein, amino, and nitrate in Myriophyllum aquaticum plant were all affected by the ratio of NH4+/NO3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fei Ma
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-type Fertilizer, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-type Fertilizer, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Hu Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-type Fertilizer, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Xiao Hu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-type Fertilizer, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi-Ling Tan
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-type Fertilizer, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xue-Cheng Sun
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-type Fertilizer, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jin-Shui Wu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410000, China
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Zheng XQ, Wei AL, Zhang YX, Shi LY, Zhang X. [Characteristic of Nitrate Adsorption in Aqueous Solution by Iron and Manganese Oxide/Biochar Composites]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:1220-1232. [PMID: 29965467 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201704216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized Fe/Mn bimetallic oxide coated biochar sorbents by pyrolysis of wheat straw impregnated with ferric chloride and potassium permanganate and investigated their potential to adsorb nitrate in water. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis suggests that Fe(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅳ) bimetallic oxide particles emerge on the sorbents. The optimized sorbent could achieve a specific surface area of 153.116 m2·g-1 and a point of zero charge of 9.76. Batch nitrate adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of various factors, such as sorbent dosage, initial solution pH, and co-existing anions. Results show that the sorbent maintained a high adsorption capacity of 75.40%-78.70% over a wide range of pH from 1.00 to 9.05, and the sorption mechanism was interpreted as ligand exchange. The effects of co-existing anions on the nitrate sorption followed the decreasing order of Cl- > SO42- > PO43-. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherms were well described by the Langmuir model, and the sorbent could exhibit a quite competitively high capacity of 37.3613 mg·g-1 for nitrate removal. In addition, the accordance of sorption kinetics with the pseudo-second order model implied that the sorption could be a multi-stage controlled chemical process. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters suggested that the sorption reaction could be a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results demonstrated that the Fe/Mn bimetallic oxide coated biochar could serve as a promising agent for nitrate removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Zheng
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - An-Lei Wei
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Liang-Yu Shi
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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Satake S, Tang C. Groundwater nitrate remediation using plant-chip bioreactors under phosphorus-limited environment. J Contam Hydrol 2018; 209:42-50. [PMID: 29395377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater denitrification bioreactors under limited phosphorus conditions were studied in column experiments using four types of plant-chips. When the phosphate-P concentration in the influent increased from 0.04mg/L to 0.4mg/L, the nitrate removal ratio increased from 61.6% to 86.1% in reed, from 7.2% to 12.6% in Japanese cedar, from 37.0% to 73.6% in Moso bamboo, and from 19.2% to 50.5% in Lithocarpus edulis. The carbon source of the denitrifiers' growth was indicated by the content of acid detergent soluble organic matter in the chips. Furthermore, according to the modified Michaelis-Menten-type equation proposed in the study, the denitrification rate was largely limited by the phosphate-P concentration in reed and L. eduilis, and by the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Japanese cedar. Denitrification in Moso bamboo was affected by both phosphate-P and DOC. Besides the DOC, phosphorus emerged as an important limiting element of denitrification in some bioreactor plant-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Satake
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo-shi, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Changyuan Tang
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Matsudo-shi, Chiba 271-8510, Japan.
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41
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Chen D, Wang H, Yang K, Ma F. Performance and microbial communities in a combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification system at low temperature. Chemosphere 2018; 193:337-342. [PMID: 29149709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification (CBSAD) system had proven to be feasible for nitrate removal at low temperature. This system obtained excellent denitrification efficiency 96.55% at 10 ± 2 °C long term operation. Nitrate removal efficiency presented increased tendency with applied current increased from 50 to 200 mA and then decreased when the applied current was further increased to 300 mA. The CBSAD system owned the most abundant and rich communities at current 200 mA, and the community structures of the microbial samples at different current conditions were clearly different from each other. Phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and classes Epsilonproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Clostridia dominated in all the communities in the system. The largest genus at current 50 mA was Arcobacter, whereas Pseudomonas was the most dominant genus at current 100-300 mA condition, suggesting that high current changed the bacterial structure in this CBSAD reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Zhai S, Ji M, Zhao Y, Pavlostathis SG, Zhao Q. Effects of salinity and COD/N on denitrification and bacterial community in dicyclic-type electrode based biofilm reactor. Chemosphere 2018; 192:328-336. [PMID: 29117591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A dicyclic-type electrode based biofilm electrode reactor (BER) was developed for advanced nitrate removal from saline municipal wastewater. The denitrification efficiency was evaluated with a synthetic feed (NO3--N, 20 mg L-1) under different salinity and COD to nitrogen ratios (COD/N). As the salinity increased from 0% to 1.0%, the denitrification performance of both the traditional biofilm reactor (BR) and BER was inhibited; however, the BER showed better adaptation and ability to recover. The BER achieved a high nitrate removal efficiency (≥90%) at a salinity of 1.0% and a low COD/N of 2.5 (theoretical stoichiometric 2.86 ignoring microbial growth). The abundance of Methylotenera mobilis in BR and Clostridium sticklandii in BER was higher than in the initial sludge sample used as inoculum. Likewise, the abundance of napA, nirS and nosZ genes increased as the COD/N further decreased. Under high salinity stress, the BER had a higher denitrification efficiency and the consumption of the organic carbon source (i.e., methanol) was reduced compared to BR. The cooperation between heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifiers in the BER system provides a more efficient and feasible solution for nitrate removal from saline municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, United States
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Engineering Center of Urban River Eco-Purification Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Engineering Center of Urban River Eco-Purification Technology, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Spyros G Pavlostathis
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, United States
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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43
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Huang Y, Li P, Chen G, Peng L, Chen X. The production of cyanobacterial carbon under nitrogen-limited cultivation and its potential for nitrate removal. Chemosphere 2018; 190:1-8. [PMID: 28968514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) represent a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. A beneficial use for these harmful microorganisms would be a promising resolution of this urgent issue. This study applied a simple method, nitrogen limitation, to cultivate cyanobacteria aimed at producing cyanobacterial carbon for denitrification. Under nitrogen-limited conditions, the common cyanobacterium, Microcystis, efficiently used nitrate, and had a higher intracellular C/N ratio. More importantly, organic carbons easily leached from its dry powder; these leachates were biodegradable and contained a larger amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and carbohydrates, but a smaller amount of dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) and proteins. When applied to an anoxic system with a sediment-water interface, a significant increase of the specific NOX--N removal rate was observed that was 14.2 times greater than that of the control. This study first suggests that nitrogen-limited cultivation is an efficient way to induce organic and carbohydrate accumulation in cyanobacteria, as well as a high C/N ratio, and that these cyanobacteria can act as a promising carbon source for denitrification. The results indicate that application as a carbon source is not only a new way to utilize cyanobacteria, but it also contributes to nitrogen removal in aquatic ecosystems, further limiting the proliferation of CyanoHABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, No.500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Panpan Li
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, No.500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Guiqin Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, No.500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lin Peng
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, No.500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xuechu Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, No.500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
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44
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Yin Q, Zhang B, Wang R, Zhao Z. Biochar as an adsorbent for inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus removal from water: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:26297-26309. [PMID: 29039039 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is the solid product of biomass pyrolysis that can be used for carbon sequestration, soil amendment, and pollution remediation. The use of biochar as an adsorbent for the removal of water contaminants has elicited increasing interest due to the multifunctional properties of this material. The application of biochar in the adsorption of inorganic nutrients from eutrophic water has not been reviewed. This review focuses on recent research on the use of biochar for the adsorption of inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) and phosphorus (phosphate) from water, especially for the main influence factors and mechanisms for nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption on biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yin
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Yonghua North Street 619, Baoding, 071003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingdong Zhang
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Yonghua North Street 619, Baoding, 071003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruikun Wang
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Yonghua North Street 619, Baoding, 071003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghui Zhao
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Yonghua North Street 619, Baoding, 071003, People's Republic of China
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45
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Cai XB, Yu QQ, Liu R, Zhao Y, Chen LJ. [Cultivation of Spirulina platensis in Digested Piggery Wastewater Pretreated by SBR with Operating Conditions Optimization]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2017; 38:2910-2916. [PMID: 29964632 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201612168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Digested piggery wastewater(DPW) contains high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus which could be used as a cost-effective culture medium for Spirulina platensis. However, Spirulina platensis would be limited by many factors in the complex composition of DPW, especially the high concentration of ammonium. In this paper, a traditional sequencing batch reactor(SBR) was used to remove these inhibitors in DPW. The retention of nitrate and nitrite in the effluent, which was used as nitrogen source for cultivating Spirulina platensis, was studied at different ratios of chemical oxygen demand(COD) to total nitrogen(TN) in the influent. By comparing the growth of Spirulina platensis in the related effluents, the operation condition of SBR was optimized. The lab-scale cultivation results showed that Spirulina platensis possessed a high biomass yield of 0.084 g·(L·d)-1 in the effluent when the COD/TN ratio of SBR influent was 3.0. In particular, the concentrations of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite in the effluent were 51.2 mg·L-1, 91.6 mg·L-1and 213.1 mg·L-1, respectively. Furthermore, the aforementioned effluent was also used to culture Spirulina platensis in a 120 L outdoor raceway pond, and the growth rate of Spirulina platensis reached(0.075±0.003)g·(L·d)-1 after 10-day culture. The protein content of Spirulina platensis was approximately 60% and the removal efficiency of ammonium was 99%. This study provides an alternative method for the utilization of DPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Cai
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Department of Ecological Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Department of Ecological Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Department of Ecological Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lü-Jun Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Department of Ecological Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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46
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Liu H, Chen N, Feng C, Tong S, Li R. Impact of electro-stimulation on denitrifying bacterial growth and analysis of bacterial growth kinetics using a modified Gompertz model in a bio-electrochemical denitrification reactor. Bioresour Technol 2017; 232:344-353. [PMID: 28249188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of electro-stimulation on denitrifying bacterial growth in a bio-electrochemical reactor, and the growth were modeled using modified Gompertz model under different current densities at three C/Ns. It was found that the similar optimum current density of 250mA/m2 was obtained at C/N=0.75, 1.00 and 1.25, correspondingly the maximum nitrate removal efficiencies were 98.0%, 99.2% and 99.9%. Moreover, ATP content and cell membrane permeability of denitrifying bacteria were significantly increased at optimum current density. Furthermore, modified Gompertz model fitted well with the microbial growth curves, and the highest maximum growth rates (µmax) and shorter lag time were obtained at the optimum current density for all C/Ns. This study demonstrated that the modified Gompertz model could be used for describing microbial growth under different current densities and C/Ns in a bio-electrochemical denitrification reactor, and it provided an alternative for improving the performance of denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shuang Tong
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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47
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Zhai S, Zhao Y, Ji M, Qi W. Simultaneous removal of nitrate and chromate in groundwater by a spiral fiber based biofilm reactor. Bioresour Technol 2017; 232:278-284. [PMID: 28237899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A spiral fiber based biofilm reactor was developed to remove nitrate and chromate simultaneously. The denitrification and Cr(VI) removal efficiency was evaluated with synthetic groundwater (NO3--N=50mg/L) under different Cr(VI) concentrations (0-1.0mg/L), carbon nitrogen ratios (C/N) (0.8-1.2), hydraulic retention times (HRT) (2-16h) and initial pHs (4-10). Nitrate and Cr(VI) were completely removed without nitrite accumulation when the Cr(VI) concentration was lower than 0.4mg/L. As Cr(VI) up to 1.0mg/L, the system was obviously inhibited, but it recovered rapidly within 6days due to the strong adaption and domestication of microorganisms in the biofilm reactor. The results demonstrated that high removal efficiency of nitrate (≥99%) and Cr(VI) (≥95%) were achieved at lower C/N=0.9, HRT=8h, initial pH=7, and Cr(VI)=1.0mg/L. The technology proposed in present study can be alternative for simultaneous removal of co-contaminants in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Urban River Eco-Purification Technology, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Urban River Eco-Purification Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenfang Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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48
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Romero-Pareja PM, Aragon CA, Quiroga JM, Coello MD. Evaluation of a biological wastewater treatment system combining an OSA process with ultrasound for sludge reduction. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 36:336-342. [PMID: 28069218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sludge production is an undesirable by-product of biological wastewater treatment. The oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process constitutes one of the most promising techniques for reducing the sludge produced at the treatment plant without negative consequences for its overall performance. In the present study, the OSA process is applied in combination with ultrasound treatment, a lysis technique, in a lab-scale wastewater treatment plant to assess whether sludge reduction is enhanced as a result of mechanical treatment. Reported sludge reductions of 45.72% and 78.56% were obtained for the two regimes of combined treatment tested in this study during two respective stages: UO1 and UO2. During the UO1 stage, the general performance and nutrient removal improved, obtaining 47.28% TN removal versus 21.95% in the conventional stage. However, the performance of the system was seriously damaged during the UO2 stage. Increases in dehydrogenase and protease activities were observed during both stages. The advantages of the combined process are not necessarily economic, but operational, as US treatment acts as contributing factor in the OSA process, inducing mechanisms that lead to sludge reduction in the OSA process and improving performance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Romero-Pareja
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, Avda. Republica Saharaui S/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - C A Aragon
- Foundation Centre for New Water Technologies (CENTA), Seville-Huelva Highway (A-49) km. 28, Carrión de los Céspedes, Seville, Spain.
| | - J M Quiroga
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, Avda. Republica Saharaui S/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - M D Coello
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, Avda. Republica Saharaui S/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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49
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Mal J, Nancharaiah YV, van Hullebusch ED, Lens PNL. Biological removal of selenate and ammonium by activated sludge in a sequencing batch reactor. Bioresour Technol 2017; 229:11-19. [PMID: 28092731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewaters contaminated by both selenium and ammonium need to be treated prior to discharge into natural water bodies, but there are no studies on the simultaneous removal of selenium and ammonium. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was inoculated with activated sludge and operated for 90days. The highest ammonium removal efficiency achieved was 98%, while the total nitrogen removal was 75%. Nearly a complete chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency was attained after 16days of operation, whereas complete selenate removal was achieved only after 66days. The highest total Se removal efficiency was 97%. Batch experiments showed that the total Se in the aqueous phase decreased by 21% with increasing initial ammonium concentration from 50 to 100mgL-1. This study showed that SBR can remove both selenate and ammonium via, respectively, bioreduction and partial nitrification-denitrification and thus offer possibilities for treating selenium and ammonium contaminated effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mal
- UNESCO-IHE, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - Y V Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Process Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - E D van Hullebusch
- UNESCO-IHE, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - P N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, Finland
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50
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Vilardi G, Di Palma L. Kinetic Study of Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Copper-Coated Iron Nanoparticles. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 98:359-365. [PMID: 27372457 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrates are considered hazard compounds for human health due to their tendency to be reduced to nitrites, in particular in reducing environment. Nano zero valent iron (nZVI) represents an efficient and low-cost adsorbent/reductive agent for nitrate removal from groundwater and wastewaters and a little addition of a second metal species (Cu, Pd, Ni, Ag) has proven to increase process effectiveness, by enhancing stability and oxidation resistance of nanoparticles. In this work Cu/Fe nanoparticles were loaded in a NO3- solution (100 mg L-1) and the removal efficiency was tested by monitoring nitrate concentration at selected time intervals. Results showed that the nitrate removal process involves both reduction and adsorption processes: the removal mechanism has been investigated, and the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order-adsorption kinetic models were successfully tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Vilardi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Di Palma
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy.
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