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Bielfeldt M, Budde-Sagert K, Weis N, Buenning M, Staehlke S, Zimmermann J, Arbeiter N, Mobini S, González MU, Rebl H, Uhrmacher A, van Rienen U, Nebe B. Discrimination between the effects of pulsed electrical stimulation and electrochemically conditioned medium on human osteoblasts. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:71. [PMID: 37996914 PMCID: PMC10668359 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation is used for enhanced bone fracture healing. Electrochemical processes occur during the electrical stimulation at the electrodes and influence cellular reactions. Our approach aimed to distinguish between electrochemical and electric field effects on osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. We applied 20 Hz biphasic pulses via platinum electrodes for 2 h. The electrical stimulation of the cell culture medium and subsequent application to cells was compared to directly stimulated cells. The electric field distribution was predicted using a digital twin. RESULTS Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed partial electrolysis at the electrodes, which was confirmed by increased concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the medium. While both direct stimulation and AC-conditioned medium decreased cell adhesion and spreading, only the direct stimulation enhanced the intracellular calcium ions and reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION The electrochemical by-product hydrogen peroxide is not the main contributor to the cellular effects of electrical stimulation. However, undesired effects like decreased adhesion are mediated through electrochemical products in stimulated medium. Detailed characterisation and monitoring of the stimulation set up and electrochemical reactions are necessary to find safe electrical stimulation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Bielfeldt
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Kai Budde-Sagert
- Institute of Communications Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nikolai Weis
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maren Buenning
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Susanne Staehlke
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julius Zimmermann
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nils Arbeiter
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adelinde Uhrmacher
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Barbara Nebe
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
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2
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Barbillon G, Humbert C, González MU, García-Martín JM. Gold Nanocolumnar Templates for Effective Chemical Sensing by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4157. [PMID: 36500780 PMCID: PMC9741134 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we investigate the chemical sensing by surface-enhanced Raman scattering regarding two templates of gold nanocolumns (vertical and tilted) manufactured by glancing angle deposition with magnetron sputtering. We selected this fabrication technique due to its advantages in terms of low-cost production and ease of implementation. These gold nanocolumnar structures allow producing a high density of strongly confined electric field spots within the nanogaps between the neighboring nanocolumns. Thiophenol molecules were used as model analytes since they have the principal property to adsorb well on gold surfaces. Regarding chemical sensing, the vertical (tilted) nanocolumnar templates showed a detection threshold limit of 10 nM (20 nM), an enhancement factor of 9.8 × 108 (4.8 × 108), and a high quality of adsorption with an adsorption constant Kads of 2.0 × 106 M-1 (1.8 × 106 M-1) for thiophenol molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Barbillon
- EPF-Ecole d’Ingénieurs, 55 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94230 Cachan, France
| | - Christophe Humbert
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Navarro E, González MU, Béron F, Tejo F, Escrig J, García-Martín JM. Large-Area Nanopillar Arrays by Glancing Angle Deposition with Tailored Magnetic Properties. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:nano12071186. [PMID: 35407304 PMCID: PMC9000416 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic films down to thicknesses of tens of nanometers and composed by polycrystalline Fe and Fe2O3 nanopillars are grown in large areas by glancing angle deposition with magnetron sputtering (MS-GLAD). The morphological features of these films strongly depend on the growth conditions. Vertical or tilted nanopillars have been fabricated depending on whether the substrate is kept rotating azimuthally during deposition or not, respectively. The magnetic properties of these nanopillars films, such as hysteresis loops squareness, adjustable switching fields, magnetic anisotropy and coercivity, can be tuned with the specific morphology. In particular, the growth performed through a collimator mask mounted onto a not rotating azimuthally substrate produces almost isolated well-defined tilted nanopillars that exhibit a magnetic hardening. The first-order reversal curves diagrams and micromagnetic simulations revealed that a growth-induced uniaxial anisotropy, associated with an anisotropic surface morphology produced by the glancing angle deposition in the direction perpendicular to the atomic flux, plays an important role in the observed magnetic signatures. These results demonstrate the potential of the MS-GLAD method to fabricate nanostructured films in large area with tailored structural and magnetic properties for technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Navarro
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-ADIF-CSIC, P.O. Box 155, Las Rozas, 28230 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (M.U.G.); (J.M.G.-M.)
| | - Fanny Béron
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil;
| | - Felipe Tejo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170124, Chile; (F.T.); (J.E.)
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Escrig
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170124, Chile; (F.T.); (J.E.)
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (M.U.G.); (J.M.G.-M.)
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4
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Hu Z, González MU, Chen Z, Gredin P, Mortier M, García-Martín A, Aigouy L. Luminescence enhancement effects on nanostructured perovskite thin films for Er/Yb-doped solar cells. Nanoscale Adv 2022; 4:1786-1792. [PMID: 36132159 PMCID: PMC9419586 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent attempts to improve solar cell performance by increasing their spectral absorption interval incorporate up-converting fluorescent nanocrystals on the structure. These nanocrystals absorb low energy light and emit higher energy photons that can then be captured by the solar cell active layer. However, this process is very inefficient and it needs to be enhanced by different strategies. In this work, we have studied the effect of nanostructuration of perovskite thin films used in the fabrication of hybrid solar cells on their local optical properties. The perovskite surface was engraved with a focused ion beam to form gratings of one-dimensional grooves. We characterized the surfaces with a fluorescence scanning near-field optical microscope, and obtained maps showing a fringe pattern oriented in a direction parallel to the grooves. By scanning structures as a function of the groove depth, ranging from 100 nm to 200 nm, we observed that a 3-fold luminescence enhancement could be obtained for the deeper ones. Near-field luminescence was found to be enhanced between the grooves, not inside them, independent of the groove depth and the incident polarization direction. This indicates that the ideal position of the nanocrystals is between the grooves. In addition, we also studied the influence of the inhomogeneities of the perovskite layer and we observed that roughness tends to locally modify the intensity of the fringes and distort their alignment. All the experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelu Hu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités F-75231 Paris France
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC, CEI UAM+CSIC Isaac Newton 8 E-28760 Tres Cantos Madrid Spain
| | - Zhuoying Chen
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités F-75231 Paris France
| | - Patrick Gredin
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, PSL Research University 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie F-75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des sciences en Ingénierie 4 place Jussieu F-75005 Paris France
| | - Michel Mortier
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, PSL Research University 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie F-75005 Paris France
| | - Antonio García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC, CEI UAM+CSIC Isaac Newton 8 E-28760 Tres Cantos Madrid Spain
| | - Lionel Aigouy
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités F-75231 Paris France
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5
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Mobini S, González MU, Caballero-Calero O, Patrick EE, Martín-González M, García-Martín JM. Effects of nanostructuration on the electrochemical performance of metallic bioelectrodes. Nanoscale 2022; 14:3179-3190. [PMID: 35142756 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06280h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of metallic nanostructures in the fabrication of bioelectrodes (e.g., neural implants) is gaining attention nowadays. Nanostructures provide increased surface area that might benefit the performance of bioelectrodes. However, there is a need for comprehensive studies that assess electrochemical performance of nanostructured surfaces in physiological and relevant working conditions. Here, we introduce a versatile scalable fabrication method based on magnetron sputtering to develop analogous metallic nanocolumnar structures (NCs) and thin films (TFs) from Ti, Au, and Pt. We show that NCs contribute significantly to reduce the impedance of metallic surfaces. Charge storage capacity of Pt NCs is remarkably higher than that of Pt TFs and that of the other metals in both morphologies. Circuit simulations of the electrode/electrolyte interface show that the signal delivered in voltage-controlled systems is less filtered when nanocolumns are used. In a current-controlled system, simulation shows that NCs provide safer stimulation conditions compared to TFs. We have assessed the durability of NCs and TFs for potential use in vivo by reactive accelerated aging test, mimicking one-year in vivo implantation. Although each metal/morphology reveals a unique response to aging, NCs show overall more stable electrochemical properties compared to TFs in spite of their porous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olga Caballero-Calero
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Erin E Patrick
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Center Drive 968, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Marisol Martín-González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Nieto-Argüello A, Torres-Castro A, Villaurrutia-Arenas R, Martínez-Sanmiguel JJ, González MU, García-Martín JM, Cholula-Díaz JL. Green synthesis and characterization of gold-based anisotropic nanostructures using bimetallic nanoparticles as seeds. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16923-16928. [PMID: 34668500 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02804a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured noble metals are of great interest because of their tunable optical and electronic properties. However, the green synthesis of anisotropic nanostructures with a defined geometry by the systematic nanoassembly of particles into specific shape, size, and crystallographic facets still faces major challenges. The present work aimed to establish an environmentally friendly methodology for synthesizing gold-based anisotropic nanostructures using starch-capped bimetallic silver/gold nanoparticles as seeds and hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Nieto-Argüello
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Torres-Castro
- Faculty School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (FIME), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, N.L., Mexico
| | | | - Juan J Martínez-Sanmiguel
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain
| | - Jorge L Cholula-Díaz
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico.
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Casares-Arias J, Alonso MA, San Paulo Á, González MU. Correlative confocal and scanning electron microscopy of cultured cells without using dedicated equipment. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100727. [PMID: 34409307 PMCID: PMC8361273 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol enables correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) imaging of cell surface features without using dedicated equipment. Cells are cultured and fixed on transparent substrates for confocal microscopy imaging. No conductive coating is employed in the scanning electron microscopy workflow, providing a clean cell surface observation, with fiducial markers assisting alignment of optical and topographical images. This protocol describes CLEM imaging for midbody remnants in MDCK cells but can also be applied to different cell types and surface features. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Casares-Arias et al. (2020). A CLEM protocol without dedicated equipment requirements Confocal and SEM data sets are acquired on independent setups Large-scale sample features are used for initial correlation and navigation Gold nanobeads are used as fiducial markers during final image alignment
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Casares-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro San Paulo
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
- Corresponding author
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8
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Jiménez-Rodríguez A, Sotelo E, Martinez L, Huttel Y, González MU, Mayoral A, García-Martín JM, Videa M, Cholula-Díaz JL. Green synthesis of starch-capped Cu 2O nanocubes and their application in the direct electrochemical detection of glucose. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13711-13721. [PMID: 34257952 PMCID: PMC7611200 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10054d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose determination is an essential procedure in different fields, used in clinical analysis for the prevention and monitoring of diabetes. In this work, modified carbon paste electrodes with Cu2O nanocubes (Cu2O NCs) were developed to test electrochemical glucose detection. The synthesis of the Cu2O NCs was achieved by a green method using starch as the capping agent, obtaining cubic-like morphologies and particle sizes from 227 to 123 nm with increasing amounts of the capping agent, as corroborated by electron microscopy analysis. Their crystalline structure and purity were determined by X-ray diffraction. The capability of starch as a capping agent was verified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in which the presence of functional groups of this biopolymer in the Cu2O NCs were identified. The electrochemical response to glucose oxidation was determined by cyclic voltammetry, obtaining a linear response of the electrical current as a function of glucose concentration in the range 100–700 μM, with sensitivities from 85.6 to 238.8 μA mM−1 cm−2, depending on the amount of starch used in the synthesis of the Cu2O NCs. Starch-capped Cu2O nanocubes were used as an active electrochemical element to directly detect glucose.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jiménez-Rodríguez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Sotelo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Lidia Martinez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Sor Juana In's de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Yves Huttel
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Sor Juana In's de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto deMicroyNanotecnologĺa, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain
| | - Alvaro Mayoral
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Center for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (CħEM), School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST), ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto deMicroyNanotecnologĺa, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain
| | - Marcelo Videa
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Jorge L Cholula-Díaz
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
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Hu Z, García-Martín JM, Li Y, Billot L, Sun B, Fresno F, García-Martín A, González MU, Aigouy L, Chen Z. TiO 2 Nanocolumn Arrays for More Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:5979-5989. [PMID: 31927904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention due to their high power conversion efficiency (>25%) and low-cost fabrication. Yet, improvements are still needed for more stable and higher-performing solar cells. In this work, a series of TiO2 nanocolumn photonic structures have been intentionally fabricated on half of the compact TiO2-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate by glancing angle deposition with magnetron sputtering, a method particularly suitable for industrial applications due to its high reliability and reduced cost when coating large areas. These vertically aligned nanocolumn arrays were then applied as the electron transport layer into triple-cation lead halide perovskite solar cells based on Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3. By comparison to solar cells built onto the same substrate without nanocolumns, the use of TiO2 nanocolumns can significantly enhance the power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells by 7% and prolong their shelf life. Here, detailed characterizations on the morphology and the spectroscopic aspects of the nanocolumns, their near-field and far-field optical properties, solar cells characteristics, as well as the charge transport properties provide mechanistic insights on how one-dimensional TiO2 nanocolumns affect the performance of perovskite halide solar cells in terms of charge transport, light harvesting, and stability, knowledge necessary for the future design of higher-performing and more stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelu Hu
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris , PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 10 Rue Vauquelin , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC, CEI UAM+CSIC , Isaac Newton 8 , E-28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Yajuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , 215123 Suzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Laurent Billot
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris , PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 10 Rue Vauquelin , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , 215123 Suzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Fernando Fresno
- Photoactivated Processes Unit , IMDEA Energy Institute , Avda. Ramón de la Sagra, 3 , 28935 Móstoles , Madrid , Spain
| | - Antonio García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC, CEI UAM+CSIC , Isaac Newton 8 , E-28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC, CEI UAM+CSIC , Isaac Newton 8 , E-28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lionel Aigouy
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris , PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 10 Rue Vauquelin , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Zhuoying Chen
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris , PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 10 Rue Vauquelin , F-75005 Paris , France
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Díaz-Núñez P, García-Martín JM, González MU, González-Arrabal R, Rivera A, Alonso-González P, Martín-Sánchez J, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, González-Rubio G, Guerrero-Martínez A, Bañares L, Peña-Rodríguez O. On the Large Near-Field Enhancement on Nanocolumnar Gold Substrates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13933. [PMID: 31558753 PMCID: PMC6763449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important and distinctive features of plasmonic nanostructures is their ability to confine large electromagnetic fields on nanometric volumes; i.e., the so-called hot spots. The generation, control and characterization of the hot spots are fundamental for several applications, like surface-enhanced spectroscopies. In this work, we characterize the near-field distribution and enhancement of nanostructured gold thin films fabricated by glancing angle deposition magnetron sputtering. These films are composed of columnar nanostructures with high roughness and high density of inter-columnar gaps, where the electromagnetic radiation can be confined, generating hot spots. As expected, the hot spots are localized in the gaps between adjacent nanocolumns and we use scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy to image their distribution over the surface of the samples. The experimental results are compared with finite-difference time-domain simulations, finding an excellent agreement between them. The spectral dependence of the field-enhancement is also studied with the simulations, together with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy at different excitation wavelengths in the visible-NIR range, proving a broad-band response of the substrates. These findings may result in interesting applications in the field of surface-enhanced optical spectroscopies or sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Díaz-Núñez
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear "Guillermo Velarde", Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, 28760, Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, 28760, Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Raquel González-Arrabal
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear "Guillermo Velarde", Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivera
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear "Guillermo Velarde", Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33007, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33007, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33007, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Guillermo González-Rubio
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
- Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bañares
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Láseres Ultrarrápidos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ovidio Peña-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear "Guillermo Velarde", Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
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Medina Cruz D, Tien-Street W, Zhang B, Huang X, Vernet Crua A, Nieto-Argüello A, Cholula-Díaz JL, Martínez L, Huttel Y, Ujué González M, García-Martín JM, Webster TJ. Citric Juice-mediated Synthesis of Tellurium Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties. Green Chem 2019; 21:1982-1988. [PMID: 31156349 PMCID: PMC6542685 DOI: 10.1039/c9gc00131j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and cancer are two of the most significant concerns that the current healthcare system should tackle nowadays. Green nanotechnology is presented as a feasible solution that is able to produce materials with significant anticancer and antibacterial activity, while overcoming the main limitations of traditional synthesis. In the present work, orange, lemon and lime extracts were used as both reducing and capping agents for the green synthesis of tellurium nanoparticles (TeNPs) using a microwave-assisted reaction. TeNPs showed a uniform size distribution, and rod- and cubic-shapes, and were extensively characterized in terms of morphology, structure and composition using TEM, SEM, XPS, XRD, FTIR and EDX analysis. TeNPs showed an important antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria in a range concentrations from 5 to 50 μg/mL over a 24-hour time period. Besides, nanoparticles showed anticancer effect towards human melanoma cells over 48 hours at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL. Moreover, the Te nanostructures showed no significant cytotoxic effect towards human dermal fibroblast at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL. Therefore, we present an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective synthesis of TeNPs using only fruit juices and showing enhanced and desirable biomedical properties towards both infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Medina Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William Tien-Street
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xinjing Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ada Vernet Crua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alfonso Nieto-Argüello
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Jorge L. Cholula-Díaz
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Lidia Martínez
- Materials Science Factory. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yves Huttel
- Materials Science Factory. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Vernet Crua A, Medina D, Zhang B, González MU, Huttel Y, García-Martín JM, Cholula-Díaz JL, Webster TJ. Comparison of cytocompatibility and anticancer properties of traditional and green chemistry-synthesized tellurium nanowires. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3155-3176. [PMID: 31118629 PMCID: PMC6501707 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s175640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional physicochemical approaches for the synthesis of compounds, drugs, and nanostructures developed as potential solutions for antimicrobial resistance or against cancer treatment are, for the most part, facile and straightforward. Nevertheless, these approaches have several limitations, such as the use of toxic chemicals and production of toxic by-products with limited biocompatibility. Therefore, new methods are needed to address these limitations, and green chemistry offers a suitable and novel answer, with the safe and environmentally friendly design, manufacturing, and use of minimally toxic chemicals. Green chemistry approaches are especially useful for the generation of metallic nanoparticles or nanometric structures that can effectively and efficiently address health care concerns. Objective Here, tellurium (Te) nanowires were synthesized using a novel green chemistry approach, and their structures and cytocompatibility were evaluated. Method An easy and straightforward hydrothermal method was employed, and the Te nanowires were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and optical microscopy for morphology, size, and chemistry. Cytotoxicity tests were performed with human dermal fibroblasts and human melanoma cells (to assess anticancer properties). The results showed that a treatment with Te nanowires at concentrations between 5 and 100 μg/mL improved the proliferation of healthy cells and decreased cancerous cell growth over a 5-day period. Most importantly, the green chemistry -synthesized Te nanowires outperformed those produced by traditional synthetic chemical methods. Conclusion This study suggests that green chemistry approaches for producing Te nanostructures may not only reduce adverse environmental effects resulting from traditional synthetic chemistry methods, but also be more effective in numerous health care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Vernet Crua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA, .,Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA, .,Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Medina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA, .,Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA, .,Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotechnologia, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Yves Huttel
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales, ICMN-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge L Cholula-Díaz
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA, .,Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,
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Baquedano E, González MU, Paniagua-Domínguez R, Sánchez-Gil JA, Postigo PA. Low-cost and large-size nanoplasmonic sensor based on Fano resonances with fast response and high sensitivity. Opt Express 2017; 25:15967-15976. [PMID: 28789107 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.015967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a low-cost, fast and sensitive plasmonic sensor with a large-size for easy handling. The sensor is formed by a Au nanobelt grating fabricated by soft lithography with a period of 780 nm and a width of 355 nm in an even and uniform area of ~2 × 2 cm2. The sensor uses the Fano-shaped third order mode localized plasmon resonance of the Au nanobelts, which appears in the visible part of the transmission spectrum. We have found a detection resolution of 1.56 × 10-5 refractive index units with a temporal resolution of 1 s in a sensing area of 0.75 × 0.75 mm2. The high uniformity and size of the sensor permit the detection using a simple optical system, which provides the device with the potential to be used as an easy to handle, portable and disposable sensor.
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14
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Vitrey A, Alvarez R, Palmero A, González MU, García-Martín JM. Fabrication of black-gold coatings by glancing angle deposition with sputtering. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:434-439. [PMID: 28326233 PMCID: PMC5331268 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of black-gold coatings using sputtering is reported here. Glancing angle deposition with a rotating substrate is needed to obtain vertical nanostructures. Enhanced light absorption is obtained in the samples prepared in the ballistic regime with high tilt angles. Under these conditions the diameter distribution of the nanostructures is centered at about 60 nm and the standard deviation is large enough to obtain black-metal behavior in the visible range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Vitrey
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectronica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Alvarez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Alberto Palmero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - María Ujué González
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectronica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectronica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Otte MA, Solis-Tinoco V, Prieto P, Borrisé X, Lechuga LM, González MU, Sepulveda B. Tailored Height Gradients in Vertical Nanowire Arrays via Mechanical and Electronic Modulation of Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching. Small 2015; 11:4201-4208. [PMID: 26033973 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In current top-down nanofabrication methodologies the design freedom is generally constrained to the two lateral dimensions, and is only limited by the resolution of the employed nanolithographic technique. However, nanostructure height, which relies on certain mask-dependent material deposition or etching techniques, is usually uniform, and on-chip variation of this parameter is difficult and generally limited to very simple patterns. Herein, a novel nanofabrication methodology is presented, which enables the generation of high aspect-ratio nanostructure arrays with height gradients in arbitrary directions by a single and fast etching process. Based on metal-assisted chemical etching using a catalytic gold layer perforated with nanoholes, it is demonstrated how nanostructure arrays with directional height gradients can be accurately tailored by: (i) the control of the mass transport through the nanohole array, (ii) the mechanical properties of the perforated metal layer, and (iii) the conductive coupling to the surrounding gold film to accelerate the local electrochemical etching process. The proposed technique, enabling 20-fold on-chip variation of nanostructure height in a spatial range of a few micrometers, offers a new tool for the creation of novel types of nano-assemblies and metamaterials with interesting technological applications in fields such as nanophotonics, nanophononics, microfluidics or biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Otte
- NanoBiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) & CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Solis-Tinoco
- NanoBiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) & CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Prieto
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, 28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - X Borrisé
- Nanolithography Laboratory, Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2) & CNM-IMB (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L M Lechuga
- NanoBiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) & CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M U González
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, 28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Sepulveda
- Magnetic Nanostructures Group, Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Kosaka PM, Pini V, Ruz JJ, da Silva RA, González MU, Ramos D, Calleja M, Tamayo J. Detection of cancer biomarkers in serum using a hybrid mechanical and optoplasmonic nanosensor. Nat Nanotechnol 2014; 9:1047-53. [PMID: 25362477 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Blood contains a range of protein biomarkers that could be used in the early detection of disease. To achieve this, however, requires sensors capable of detecting (with high reproducibility) biomarkers at concentrations one million times lower than the concentration of the other blood proteins. Here, we show that a sandwich assay that combines mechanical and optoplasmonic transduction can detect cancer biomarkers in serum at ultralow concentrations. A biomarker is first recognized by a surface-anchored antibody and then by an antibody in solution that identifies a free region of the captured biomarker. This second antibody is tethered to a gold nanoparticle that acts as a mass and plasmonic label; the two signatures are detected by means of a silicon cantilever that serves as a mechanical resonator for 'weighing' the mass of the captured nanoparticles and as an optical cavity that boosts the plasmonic signal from the nanoparticles. The capabilities of the approach are illustrated with two cancer biomarkers: the carcinoembryonic antigen and the prostate specific antigen, which are currently in clinical use for the diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of colon and prostate cancer, respectively. A detection limit of 1 × 10(-16) g ml(-1) in serum is achieved with both biomarkers, which is at least seven orders of magnitude lower than that achieved in routine clinical practice. Moreover, the rate of false positives and false negatives at this concentration is extremely low, ∼10(-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Kosaka
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Pini
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Ruz
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - R A da Silva
- 1] IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain [2] Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M U González
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Ramos
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Calleja
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tamayo
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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Armelles G, Cebollada A, García-Martín A, González MU, García F, Meneses-Rodríguez D, de Sousa N, Froufe-Pérez LS. Mimicking electromagnetically induced transparency in the magneto-optical activity of magnetoplasmonic nanoresonators. Opt Express 2013; 21:27356-70. [PMID: 24216958 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.027356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that the interaction between a plasmonic and a magnetoplasmonic metallic nanodisk leads to the appearance of magneto-optical activity in the purely plasmonic disk induced by the magnetoplasmonic one. Moreover, at specific wavelengths the interaction cancels the net electromagnetic field at the magnetoplasmonic component, strongly reducing the magneto-optical activity of the whole system. The MO activity has a characteristic Fano spectral shape, and the resulting MO inhibition constitutes the magneto-optical counterpart of the electromagnetic induced transparency.
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Ferreiro-Vila E, García-Martín JM, Cebollada A, Armelles G, González MU. Magnetic modulation of surface plasmon modes in magnetoplasmonic metal-insulator-metal cavities. Opt Express 2013; 21:4917-30. [PMID: 23482025 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.004917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic modulation of the surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) wavevector is experimentally and theoretically studied for the plasmonic modes excited in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) magnetoplasmonic cavities. For this purpose, Ag/SiO₂/Ag multilayers with different SiO₂ layer thickness in which a thin Co layer is positioned near the top Ag/SiO₂ interface, near the bottom SiO₂/Ag one, or near both of them, are studied. The magnetoplasmonic MIM cavities present symmetric (SM) and antisymmetric (AM) plasmonic modes, of different wavevector and electromagnetic field profiles inside the MIM cavity. We show that the magnetic SPP wavevector modulation strongly depends on which mode is considered, the cavity thickness, and the number and specific location of Co layers within the structure. With only one ferromagnetic layer, a net modulation is obtained, of higher magnitude as we reduce the SiO₂ layer thickness. The introduction of a second Co layer in the structure reduces the modulation due to the non-reciprocal character of SPP modes under an applied magnetic field. Moreover, we demonstrate that the non-reciprocal nature of the SPP modulation can be experimentally visualized in the magnetic hysteresis loops under plasmon excitation conditions by using two Co layers with different magnetization switching fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ferreiro-Vila
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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Banthí JC, Meneses-Rodríguez D, García F, González MU, García-Martín A, Cebollada A, Armelles G. High magneto-optical activity and low optical losses in metal-dielectric Au/Co/Au-SiO(2) magnetoplasmonic nanodisks. Adv Mater 2012; 24:OP36-41. [PMID: 22213149 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-dielectric Au-Co-SiO(2) magnetoplasmonic nanodisks are found to exhibit large magneto-optical activity and low optical losses. The internal architecture of the nanodisks is such that, in resonant conditions, the electromagnetic field undertakes a particular spatial distribution. This makes it possible to maximize the electromagnetic field at the magneto-optically active layers and minimize it in the other, optically lossy ones.
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Randhawa S, González MU, Renger J, Enoch S, Quidant R. Design and properties of dielectric surface plasmon Bragg mirrors. Opt Express 2010; 18:14496-14510. [PMID: 20639935 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.014496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ability of gratings made of dielectric ridges placed on top of flat metal layers to open gaps in the dispersion relation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is studied, both experimentally and theoretically. The gap position can be approximately predicted by the same relation as for standard optical Bragg stacks. The properties of the gap as a function of the grating parameters is numerically analyzed by using the Fourier modal method, and the presence of the gap is experimentally confirmed by leakage radiation microscopy. We also explore the performance of these dielectric gratings as SPP Bragg mirrors. The results show very good reflecting properties of these mirrors for a propagating SPP whose wavelength is inside the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Randhawa
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
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Armelles G, Cebollada A, García-Martín A, García-Martín JM, González MU, González-Díaz JB, Ferreiro-Vila E, Torrado JF. Magnetoplasmonic nanostructures: systems supporting both plasmonic and magnetic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/11/11/114023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ulloa JM, Koenraad PM, Fuster D, González L, González Y, González MU. Self-assembling processes involved in the molecular beam epitaxy growth of stacked InAs/InP quantum wires. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:445601. [PMID: 21832733 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/44/445601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The growth mechanism of stacked InAs/InP(001) quantum wires (QWRs) is studied by combining an atomic-scale cross-sectional scanning tunnelling microscopy analysis with in situ and in real-time stress measurements along the [110] direction (sensitive to stress relaxation during QWR formation). QWRs in stacked layers grow by a non-Stranski-Krastanov (SK) process which involves the production of extra InAs by strain-enhanced As/P exchange and a strong strain driven mass transport. Despite the different growth mechanism of the QWR between the first and following layers of the stack, the QWRs maintain on average the same shape and composition in all the layers of the stack, revealing the high stability of this QWR configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ulloa
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, NL-5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Armelles G, González-Díaz JB, García-Martín A, García-Martín JM, Cebollada A, Ujué González M, Acimovic S, Cesario J, Quidant R, Badenes G. Localized surface plasmon resonance effects on the magneto-optical activity of continuous Au/Co/Au trilayers. Opt Express 2008; 16:16104-12. [PMID: 18825249 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.016104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We study how the magneto-optical activity in polar configuration of continuous Au/Co/Au trilayers is affected by the excitation of localized plasmon resonances of an array of Au nanodiscs fabricated on top of them over a dielectric SiO(2) spacer. We show that the effect of the nanodiscs array is twofold. First, it optimizes the absorption of light at specific photon energies corresponding to the localized surface plasmon excitation of the array, modifying the reflectivity of the system (we define this effect as the purely optical contribution). Second, upon localized plasmon resonance excitation, the electromagnetic field in the whole system is redistributed, and an enhanced magneto-optical activity occurs at those energies where the electromagnetic field in the magnetic layer is increased (this effect is identified as the purely magneto-optical contribution of the nanodiscs array).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar Armelles
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CSIC), 28760-Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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González MU, Stepanov AL, Weeber JC, Hohenau A, Dereux A, Quidant R, Krenn JR. Analysis of the angular acceptance of surface plasmon Bragg mirrors. Opt Lett 2007; 32:2704-6. [PMID: 17873941 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We analyze an important aspect of the behavior of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) Bragg mirrors: the dependence of the angular acceptance for reflection on the incidence angle. By means of leakage radiation microscopy, both in direct and Fourier space, we observe that the angular acceptance diminishes for increasing incidence angles. This effect, which can considerably affect the design of devices based on these elements, is shown to be the consequence of the decrease of the bandgap width with increasing incidence angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ujué González
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
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Fuster D, Alén B, González L, González Y, Martínez-Pastor J, González MU, García JM. Isolated self-assembled InAs/InP(001) quantum wires obtained by controlling the growth front evolution. Nanotechnology 2007; 18:035604. [PMID: 19636127 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/3/035604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work we explore the first stages of quantum wire (QWR) formation studying the evolution of the growth front for InAs coverages below the critical thickness, theta(c), determined by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Our results obtained by in situ measurement of the accumulated stress evolution during InAs growth on InP(001) show that the relaxation process starts at a certain InAs coverage theta(R)<theta(c). At this theta(R), the spontaneous formation of isolated quantum wires takes place. For theta>theta(R) this ensemble of isolated nanostructures progressively evolves towards QWRs that cover the whole surface for theta = theta(c). These results allow for a better understanding of the self-assembling process of QWRs and enable the study of the individual properties of InAs/InP self-assembled single quantum wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fuster
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM, CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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