1
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Kar C, De R, Jena S, Bhakta S, Sahoo PK, Pradhan S, Rao KD, Udupa DV. Spatially selective narrow band and broadband absorption in Ag/SiO 2/Ag based trilayer thin films by oblique angle deposition of SiO 2layer. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:305707. [PMID: 38631308 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3fc0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
We have experimentally demonstrated spatially selective absorption in Ag-SiO2-Ag based trilayer thin films by tuning the deposition angle of SiO2layer. These structures generate cavity resonance which can be tuned across the substrate locations due to spatially selective thickness and refractive index of silicon oxide (SiO2) film sandwiched between metallic silver (Ag) mirrors. Spatially selective property of SiO2film is obtained by oblique angle deposition technique using an electron beam evaporation system. The resonance wavelength of absorption in this trilayer structure shifts across the substrate locations along the direction of oblique deposition. The extent of shift in resonance increases with increase in angle of deposition of SiO2layer. 4.14 nm mm-1average shift of resonance wavelength is observed when SiO2is deposited at 40° whereas 4.76 nm mm-1average shift is observed when SiO2is deposited at 60°. We observed that the width of resonance increases with angle of deposition of the cavity layer and ultimately the resonant absorption disappears and becomes broadband when SiO2is deposited at glancing angle deposition (GLAD) configuration. Our study reveals that there is a suitable range of oblique angle of deposition from 40° to 60° for higher spatial tunability and resonant absorption whereas the absorption becomes broadband for glancing angle deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Kar
- Photnics & Quantum Optics Section, Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-531011, India
| | - Rajnarayan De
- Photnics & Quantum Optics Section, Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-531011, India
| | - Shuvendu Jena
- Optics and Analytical Spectroscopy Section, Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - S Bhakta
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-752050, India
| | - P K Sahoo
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-752050, India
| | - S Pradhan
- Photnics & Quantum Optics Section, Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-531011, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - K Divakar Rao
- Photnics & Quantum Optics Section, Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-531011, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - Dinesh V Udupa
- Optics and Analytical Spectroscopy Section, Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
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2
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Wu S, Ou K, Zhang W, Ni Y, Xia Y, Wang H. TiO 2nanorod arrays/Ti 3C 2T xMXene nanosheet composites with efficient photocatalytic activity. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:155705. [PMID: 38176072 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1afb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor photocatalysis holds significant promise in addressing both environmental and energy challenges. However, a major hurdle in photocatalytic processes remains the efficient separation of photoinduced charge carriers. In this study, TiO2nanorod arrays were employed by glancing angle deposition technique, onto which Ti3C2TxMXene was deposited through a spin-coating process. This hybrid approach aims to amplify the photocatalytic efficacy of TiO2nanorod arrays. Through photocurrent efficiency characterization testing, an optimal loading of TiO2/Ti3C2Txcomposites is identified. Remarkably, this composite exhibits a 40% increase in photocurrent density in comparison to pristine TiO2. This enhancement is attributed to the exceptional electrical conductivity and expansive specific surface area inherent to Ti3C2TxMXene. These attributes facilitate swift transport of photoinduced electrons, consequently refining the separation and migration of electron-hole pairs. The synergistic TiO2/Ti3C2Txcomposite showcases its potential across various domains including photoelectrochemical water splitting and diverse photocatalytic devices. As such, this composite material stands as a novel and promising entity for advancing photocatalytic applications. This study can offer an innovative approach for designing simple and efficient photocatalytic materials composed of MXene co-catalysts and TiO2for efficient water electrolysis on semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Ni
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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3
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Ni Z, Qin P, Liu H, Chen J, Cai S, Tang W, Xiao H, Wang C, Qu G, Lin C, Fan Z, Xu ZX, Li G, Huang Z. Significant Enhancement of Circular Polarization in Light Emission through Controlling Helical Pitches of Semiconductor Nanohelices. ACS Nano 2023; 17:20611-20620. [PMID: 37796740 PMCID: PMC10604094 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized light emission (CPLE) can be potentially applied to three-dimensional displays, information storage, and biometry. However, these applications are practically limited by a low purity of circular polarization, i.e., the small optical dissymmetry factor gCPLE. Herein, glancing angle deposition (GLAD) is performed to produce inorganic nanohelices (NHs) to generate CPLE with large gCPLE values. CdSe NHs emit red CPLE with gCPLE = 0.15 at a helical pitch (P) ≈ 570 nm, having a 40-fold amplification of gCPLE compared to that at P ≈ 160 nm. Ceria NHs emit ultraviolet-blue CPLE with gCPLE ≈ 0.06 at P ≈ 830 nm, with a 103-fold amplification compared to that at P ≈ 110 nm. Both the photoluminescence and scattering among the close-packed NHs complicatedly account for the large gCPLE values, as revealed by the numerical simulations. The GLAD-based NH-fabrication platform is devised to generate CPLE with engineerable color and large gCPLE = 10-2-10-1, shedding light on the commercialization of CPLE devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Ni
- Department
of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Qin
- Department
of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Liu
- Department
of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- School
of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Siyuan Cai
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenying Tang
- Department
of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical
Energy Materials and Devices, Southern University
of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department
of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Geping Qu
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin
Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department
of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Xiang Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guixin Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Khan JA, Maithani Y, Singh JP. Ag 2Se Nanorod Arrays with Ultrahigh Room Temperature Thermoelectric Performance and Superior Mechanical Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37437246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Ag2Se is an intriguing material for room-temperature energy harvesting. Herein, we report the fabrication of Ag2Se nanorod arrays by glancing angle deposition technique (GLAD) followed by simple selenization in a two-zone furnace. Ag2Se planar films of different thickness were also prepared. The unique tilted Ag2Se nanorod arrays show excellent zT = 1.14 ± 0.09 and a power factor of 3229.21 ± 149.01 μW/m-K2, respectively, at 300 K. The superior thermoelectric performance of Ag2Se nanorod arrays compared to planar Ag2Se films could be ascribed to the unique nanocolumnar architecture that not only facilitates efficient electron transport but also significantly scatters phonons at the interfaces. Furthermore, the nanoindentation measurements were performed to explore mechanical properties of the as-prepared films. The Ag2Se nanorod arrays showed hardness values of 116.51 ± 4.25 MPa and elastic modulus of 10,966.01 ± 529.61 MPa, which are lowered by 51.8 and 45.6%, compared to Ag2Se films, respectively. The synergetic dependence between the tilt structure and thermoelectric properties accompanied with the simultaneous improvement in mechanical properties opens a new avenue for the practical applications of Ag2Se in next-generation flexible thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Yogita Maithani
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - J P Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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5
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Yang X, Huang S, Chikkaraddy R, Goerlitzer ESA, Chen F, Du J, Vogel N, Weiss T, Baumberg JJ, Hou Y. Chiral Plasmonic Shells: High-Performance Metamaterials for Sensitive Chiral Biomolecule Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:53183-53192. [PMID: 36379040 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost and large-area chiral metamaterials (CMs) are highly desirable for practical applications in chiral biosensors, nanophotonic chiral emitters, and beyond. A promising fabrication method takes advantage of self-assembled colloidal particles, onto which metal patches with defined orientation are created using glancing angle deposition (GLAD). However, using this method to make uniform and well-defined CMs over macroscopic areas is challenging. Here, we fabricate a uniform large-area colloidal particle array by interface-mediated self-assembly and precisely control the structural handedness of chiral plasmonic shells (CPSs) using GLAD. Strong chiroptical signals arise from twisted currents at the main, corner, and edge of CPSs, allowing a balance between strong chiroptical and high transmittance properties. Our shell-like chiral geometry shows excellent sensor performance in detecting chiral molecules due to the formation of uniform superchiral fields. Systematic investigations optimize the interplay between peak and null point resonances in different CPSs and result in a record consistency chiral sensor parameter U, i.e., 3.77 for null points and 0.0867 for peaks, which are about 54 and 1.257 times larger than the highest value (0.068) of previously reported CMs. The geometrical chirality, surface plasmonic resonance, chiral surface lattice resonance, and chiral sensor performance evidence the chiroptical effect and the excellent chiral sensor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Eric S A Goerlitzer
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, ErlangenD-91058, Germany
| | - Feiliang Chen
- School of Electronics Science Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu610056, China
| | - Jinglei Du
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, ErlangenD-91058, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiss
- Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart70569, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, and NAWI Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Yidong Hou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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6
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Lawson ZR, Preston AS, Korsa MT, Dominique NL, Tuff WJ, Sutter E, Camden JP, Adam J, Hughes RA, Neretina S. Plasmonic Gold Trimers and Dimers with Air-Filled Nanogaps. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:28186-28198. [PMID: 35695394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The subwavelength confinement of light energy in the nanogaps formed between adjacent plasmonic nanostructures provides the foundational basis for nanophotonic applications. Within this realm, air-filled nanogaps are of central importance because they present a cavity where application-specific nanoscale objects can reside. When forming such configurations on substrate surfaces, there is an inherent difficulty in that the most technologically relevant nanogap widths require closely spaced nanostructures separated by distances that are inaccessible through standard electron-beam lithography techniques. Herein, we demonstrate an assembly route for the fabrication of aligned plasmonic gold trimers with air-filled vertical nanogaps having widths that are defined with spatial controls that exceed those of lithographic processes. The devised procedure uses a sacrificial oxide layer to define the nanogap, a glancing angle deposition to impose a directionality on trimer formation, and a sacrificial antimony layer whose sublimation regulates the gold assembly process. By further implementing a benchtop nanoimprint lithography process and a glancing angle ion milling procedure as additional controls over the assembly, it is possible to deterministically position trimers in periodic arrays and extend the assembly process to dimer formation. The optical response of the structures, which is characterized using polarization-dependent spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and refractive index sensitivity measurements, shows properties that are consistent with simulation. This work, hence, forwards the wafer-based processing techniques needed to form air-filled nanogaps and place plasmonic energy at site-specific locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Lawson
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Arin S Preston
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Matiyas T Korsa
- Computational Materials Group, SDU Centre for Photonics Engineering, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Nathaniel L Dominique
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Walker J Tuff
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eli Sutter
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jost Adam
- Computational Materials Group, SDU Centre for Photonics Engineering, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Robert A Hughes
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Svetlana Neretina
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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7
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Potočnik J, Božinović N, Novaković M, Barudžija T, Nenadović M, Popović M. Optical properties of copper helical nanostructures: the effect of thickness on the SPR peak position. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:345710. [PMID: 35580563 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac705c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the effect of thickness on the structural and optical properties of copper (Cu) helical nanostructures. Thin films with thicknesses of 160 nm, 280 nm, 450 nm, and 780 nm were obtained by e-beam glancing angle deposition. The morphology and the microstructure were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, while for the optical analysis measurements spectroscopic ellipsometry was used. The results show that the deposited structures are porous with nanometer-sized crystallites preferentially oriented along (111) planes, as well as that the diameter of the helices increases with thickness. Detailed analyses of optical properties have demonstrated that the dielectric function of Cu structures is greatly influenced by the films thicknesses. With increasing thickness from 160 nm to 780 nm, the surface plasmon resonance peak was shifted from 1.31 eV to 1.05 eV, which was correlated with the growth mechanism and the size of deposited nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Potočnik
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Božinović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Novaković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - T Barudžija
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Nenadović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Popović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Yang L, Ma Y, Lin C, Qu G, Bai X, Huang Z. Nanohelix-Induced Optical Activity of Liquid Metal Nanoparticles. Small 2022; 18:e2200620. [PMID: 35319827 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metals (such as gallium or Ga) exist in liquid states under ambient conditions and are hardly sculpted in chiral structures. Herein, through electron-beam evaporation of Ga, hemispherical achiral Ga nanoparticles (NPs) are randomly immobilized along helical surfaces of SiO2 nanohelices (NHs), functioning as a chiral template. Helical assembly of Ga NPs shows chiroplasmonic optical activity owing to collective plasmon-plasmon interactions, which can be tuned as a function of a helical SiO2 pitch (P) and the amount of Ga evaporated. At a P of ≈150 nm, the chiroplasmonic optical activity, evaluated with anisotropic g-factor, can be as large as ≈0.1. Because the SiO2 NHs and Ga NPs have high environmental stability of nanostructures, the chiroplasmonic optical activity shows excellent anti-aging stability, despite slight blue shift and chiroplasmonic degradation for the first 2 weeks. Spontaneous oxidation of the Ga NPs enables the formation of dense Ga2 O3 layers covering Ga cores to prevent further oxidation and thus to stabilize the chiroplasmonic optical activity. This work devises an alternative approach to impose optical activity onto Ga NPs, providing an additional degree of freedom (i.e., chirality) for Ga-based flexible electronic devices to develop advanced applications of 3D display, circular polarizers, bio-imaging, and bio-detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Yicong Ma
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Geping Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Golden Meditech Centre for Neuro Regeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Ma Y, Lin C, Cai L, Qu G, Bai X, Yang L, Huang Z. Chiral Nanoparticles with Enhanced Thermal Stability of Chiral Structures through Alloying. Small 2022; 18:e2107657. [PMID: 35174949 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metallic chiral nanoparticles (CNPs) promisingly function as asymmetric catalysts but lack an important study in thermal stability of optical activity that stems from metastable chiral lattices. In this work, annealing is applied to silver (Ag) CNPs, fabricated by glancing angle deposition (GLAD), and causes elimination of optical activity at 200 °C, mainly ascribed to chiral-to-achiral lattice transformation. The Ag CNPs are remarkedly enhanced in thermal stability through an alloying with aluminum (Al) via layer-by-layer GLAD to generate binary Ag0.5 Al0.5 CNPs composed of solid-state liquids, whose optical activity vanishes at 700 °C. Ease in the diffusion of Al atoms in the host Ag CNPs and thermal insulation from the Al2 O3 layers partially covering the binary CNPs effectively prohibit structural relaxation of the metastable chiral lattices, accounting for the significant enhancement in thermal stability of chiral lattices. This is a pioneering work to investigate the fundamental principles determining the thermal stability of metallic CNPs in terms of chiral structures and optical activity. It paves the way toward applying metallic CNPs to asymmetric catalysis at high temperature to accelerate an asymmetric synthesis of enantiomers with designable chirality, which is one of the most important topics in modern chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Ma
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linfeng Cai
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Geping Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Yang
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Kang M, Cho I, Park J, Jeong J, Lee K, Lee B, Del Orbe Henriquez D, Yoon K, Park I. High Accuracy Real-Time Multi-Gas Identification by a Batch-Uniform Gas Sensor Array and Deep Learning Algorithm. ACS Sens 2022; 7:430-440. [PMID: 35041384 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors are attracting great attention as next-generation environmental monitoring sensors. However, there are limitations to the actual application of SMO gas sensors due to their low selectivity. Although the electronic nose (E-nose) systems based on a sensor array are regarded as a solution for the selectivity issue, poor accuracy caused by the nonuniformity of the fabricated gas sensors and difficulty of real-time gas detection have yet to be resolved. In this study, these problems have been solved by fabricating uniform gas sensor arrays and applying the deep learning algorithm to the data from the sensor arrays. Nanocolumnar films of metal oxides (SnO2, In2O3, WO3, and CuO) with a high batch uniformity deposited through glancing angle deposition were used as the sensing materials. The convolutional neural network (CNN) using the input data as a matrix form was adopted as a learning algorithm, which could conduct pattern recognition of the sensor responses. Finally, real-time selective gas detection for CO, NH3, NO2, CH4, and acetone (C3H6O) gas was achieved (minimum response time of 1, 8, 5, 19, and 2 s, respectively) with an accuracy of 98% by applying preprocessed response data to the CNN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingu Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kichul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongju Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dionisio Del Orbe Henriquez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kukjin Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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11
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Shen YC, Wang CP, Liou KL, Tan PH, Wang YC, Wu SC, Yang TY, Yu YJ, Chiang TY, Chih YD, Chang J, Shih JR, Lin CJ, King YC, Chueh YL. Multifunctional Ion-Sensitive Floating Gate Fin Field-Effect Transistor with Three-Dimensional Nanoseaweed Structure by Glancing Angle Deposition Technology. Small 2022; 18:e2104168. [PMID: 34821034 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional ion-sensitive floating gate Fin field-effect transistor (ISFGFinFET) for hydrogen and sodium detection is demonstrated. The ISFGFinFET comprises a FGFET and a sensing film, both of which are used to detect and improve sensitivity. The sensitivity of the ISFGFinFET can be adjusted by modulating the coupling effect of the FG. A nanoseaweed structure is fabricated via glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technology to obtain a large sensing area to enhance the sensitivity for hydrogen ion detection. A sensitivity of 266 mV per pH can be obtained using a surface area of 3.28 mm2 . In terms of sodium ion detection, a calix[4]arene sensing film to monitor sodium ions, obtaining a Na+ sensitivity of 432.7 mV per pNa, is used. In addition, the ISFGFinFET demonstrates the functionality of multiple ions detection simultaneously. The sensor arrays composed of 3 × 3 pixels are demonstrated, each of which comprise of an FGFET sensor and a transistor. Furthermore, 16 × 16 arrays with a decoder and other peripheral circuits are constructed and simulated. The performance of the proposed ISFGFinFET is competitive with that of other state-of-the-art ion sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ping Wang
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lin Liou
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hung Tan
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Yu
- Instrument Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Chiang
- Design Technology Division, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Der Chih
- Design Technology Division, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan Chang
- Design Technology Division, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jiaw-Ren Shih
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chrong Jung Lin
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin King
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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12
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Bronicki J, Grochala D, Rydosz A. Developing GLAD Parameters to Control the Deposition of Nanostructured Thin Film. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:651. [PMID: 35062612 DOI: 10.3390/s22020651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the device developed to control the deposition parameters to manage the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) process of metal-oxide thin films for gas-sensing applications. The GLAD technique is based on a set of parameters such as the tilt, rotation, and substrate temperature. All parameters are crucial to control the deposition of nanostructured thin films. Therefore, the developed GLAD controller enables the control of all parameters by the scientist during the deposition. Additionally, commercially available vacuum components were used, including a three-axis manipulator. High-precision readings were tested, where the relative errors calculated using the parameters provided by the manufacturer were 1.5% and 1.9% for left and right directions, respectively. However, thanks to the formula developed by our team, the values were decreased to 0.8% and 0.69%, respectively.
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13
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Shih YC, Shen YC, Cheng YK, Chaudhary M, Yang TY, Yu YJ, Chueh YL. Rational Design on Controllable Cation Injection with Improved Conductive-Bridge Random Access Memory by Glancing Angle Deposition Technology toward Neuromorphic Application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:55470-55480. [PMID: 34775743 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A conductive-bridge random access memory (CBRAM) has been considered a promising candidate for the next-generation nonvolatile memory technology because of its excellent performance, for which the resistive switching behavior depends on the formation/dissolution of conducting filaments in an electrolyte layer originated by the cation injection from the active electrode with electrochemical reactions. Typically, the controllability of cations into the electrolyte layer is a main issue, leading to stable switching reliability. In this work, an architecture combining spike-shaped Ag electrodes created by Al2O3 nanopillar arrays as a physical diffusion barrier by glancing angle deposition technology was proposed to localize Ag cation injection for the formation of controllable filaments inside TiOx as the switching layer. Interestingly, the dimension of the Ag plugs defined by the topography of Al2O3 nanopillar arrays can control Ag cation injection to influence the dimensionality of conductive filaments. Compared to the typical planar-Ag/TiOx/Pt device, the spiked-Ag/Al2O3 nanopillar arrays/TiOx/Pt device shows improvement of endurance and voltage disturbance. With enhanced multilevel characteristics, the spiked active-metal-based CBRAM device can be expected to serve as an analogue synapse for neuromorphic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Shih
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kai Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Mayur Chaudhary
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Yu
- Instrument Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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14
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Xiao T, Zhao J, Sun P, Li P, Zhang Y, Zhao N, Ren Z, Li G, Huang Z, Zheng Z. Sensitive, High-Speed, and Broadband Perovskite Photodetectors with Built-In TiO 2 Metalenses. Small 2021; 17:e2102694. [PMID: 34510709 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic integration of nanostructured metalenses with broadband light transmission and good charge transport can simultaneously enhance the sensitivity, speed, and efficiency of photodetectors. The realization of built-in broadband metalenses in perovskite photodetectors, however, has been largely challenged by the limited choice of materials and the difficulty in nanofabrication. Here a new type of broadband-transmitting built-in TiO2 metalens (meta-TiO2 ) is devised, which is readily fabricated by one-step and lithograph-free glancing angle deposition. The meta-TiO2 , which comprises of sub-100 nm TiO2 nanopillars randomly spaced with a wide range of sub-wavelength distances in 5-200 nm, shows high transmittance of light in the wavelength range of 400-800 nm. The meta-TiO2 also serves as an efficient electron transporting layer to prevent the exciton recombination and facilitate the photoinduced electron extraction and transport. Replacing the conventional mesoporous TiO2 with the meta-TiO2 comprehensively leads to enhancing the detection speed by three orders of magnitude to a few hundred nanoseconds, improving the responsivity and detectivity by one order of magnitude to 0.5 A W-1 and 1013 Jones, respectively, and extending the linear dynamic range by 50% to 120 dB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaokang Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhiwei Ren
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Meng L, Yang T. Inclined Substrate Deposition of Nanostructured TiO 2 Thin Films for DSSC Application. Molecules 2021; 26:3122. [PMID: 34073697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured TiO2 films were deposited onto Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and glass substrates by dc reactive magnetron sputtering at different substrate inclination angles. The structural and optical properties of the deposited films were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV–Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were assembled using these TiO2 films as photoelectrodes and the effect of the substrate inclination angle in the preparing process of TiO2 films on the DSSC conversion efficiency was studied.
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16
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Zhao J, Sun P, Wu Z, Li J, Wang X, Xiao T, Yang L, Zheng Z, Huang Z. Titanium Nanopillar Arrays Functioning as Electron Transporting Layers for Efficient, Anti-Aging Perovskite Solar Cells. Small 2021; 17:e2004778. [PMID: 33325649 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electron transporting layers (ETLs), required to be optically transparent in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) having regular structures, possess a determinant effect on electron extraction and collection. Metal oxides (e.g., TiO2 ) have overwhelmingly served as ETLs, but usually have low electron mobility (μe < 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) not favorable for photovoltaic conversion. Here, metal oxides are replaced with metals (e.g., Ti with μe ≈ 294 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) that are sculptured via glancing angle deposition to be a close-packed nanopillar array (NaPA), which vertically protrudes on a transparent electrode to obtain sufficient optical transmission for light harvesting in perovskite. Ti NaPAs, whose rough surfaces are passivated with 5 nm thick TiO2 (i.e., Ti NaPAs@TiO2 ) to suppress exciton recombination, lead to the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.89% that is superior to that of MAPbI3 PSCs without Ti NaPAs@TiO2 or containing TiO2 NaPAs@TiO2 , owing to high surface wettability, high μe , and relatively low work function of Ti. Furthermore, Ti NaPAs@TiO2 effectively prevents the decomposition of MAPbI3 to achieve long-term shelf stability whereby 50-day aging only causes 15% PCE degradation. This work paves the way toward widening the material spectrum, from semiconductors to metals, to generate a diverse range of ETLs for producing efficient optoelectronic devices with long-term shelf stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- School of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhongwei Wu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interface and Materials, Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- School of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Laboratory for Advanced Interface and Materials, Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Yang
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interface and Materials, Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Shan Y, Liu P, Chen Y, Zhang H, Tu H, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Wang S, Li J, Chen L. Microstructure-Induced Anisotropic Optical Properties of YF 3 Columnar Thin Films Prepared by Glancing Angle Deposition. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2413. [PMID: 33287123 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Yttrium fluoride (YF3) columnar thin films (CTFs) were fabricated by electron beam evaporation with the glancing angle deposition method. The microstructures and optical properties of YF3 CTFs were studied systematically. The YF3 films grown at different deposition angles are all amorphous. As the deposition angle increases, the columns in YF3 CTFs become increasingly separated and inclined, and the volume fraction of YF3 decreases, resulting in lower refractive indices. This phenomenon is attributed to the self-shadowing effect and limited adatom diffusion. The YF3 CTFs are optically biaxial anisotropic with the long axis (c-axis) parallel to the columns, the short axis (b-axis) perpendicular to the columns, and the other axis (a-axis) parallel to the film interface. The principal refractive index along the b-axis for the 82°-deposited sample is approximately 1.233 at 550 nm. For the 78°-deposited sample, the differences of principal refractive indices between the c-axis and the b-axis and between the a-axis and the b-axis reach the maximum 0.056 and 0.029, respectively. The differences of principal refractive indices were affected by both the deposition angle and the volume fraction of YF3.
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18
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Ni Z, Zhu Y, Liu J, Yang L, Sun P, Gu M, Huang Z. Extension of Compositional Space to the Ternary in Alloy Chiral Nanoparticles through Galvanic Replacement Reactions. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2001321. [PMID: 33304745 PMCID: PMC7710001 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal chiral nanoparticles (CNPs), composed of atomically chiral lattices, are an emerging chiral nanomaterial showing unique asymmetric properties. Chirality transmission from the host CNPs mediated with galvanic replacement reactions (GRRs) has been carried out to extend their compositional space from the unary to binary. Further compositional extension to, e.g., the ternary is of fundamental interest and in practical demand. Here, layer-by-layer glancing angle deposition is used to dope galvanically "inert" dopant Au in the host Cu CNPs to generate binary Cu:Au CNPs. The "inert" dopants serve as structural scaffold to assist the chirality transmission from the host to the third metals (M: Pt and Ag) cathodically precipitating in the CNPs, enabling the formation of polycrystalline ternary Cu:Au:M CNPs whose compositions are tailored with engineering the GRR duration. More scaffold Au atoms are favored for the faster chirality transfer, and the Au-assisted chirality transfer follows the first-order kinetics with the reaction rate coefficient of ≈0.3 h-1 at room temperature. This work provides further understanding of the GRR-mediated chirality transfer and paves the way toward enhancing the application functions in enantiodifferentiation, enantioseperation, asymmetric catalysis, bioimaging, and biodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Ni
- Department of PhysicsHong Kong Baptist University (HKBU)Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yuanmin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)Shenzhen518055China
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary studiesSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)Shenzhen518055China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of PhysicsHong Kong Baptist University (HKBU)Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing EducationShenzhenGuangdong518057China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of PhysicsHong Kong Baptist University (HKBU)Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing EducationShenzhenGuangdong518057China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of PhysicsHong Kong Baptist University (HKBU)Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)Shenzhen518055China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)Shenzhen518055China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of PhysicsHong Kong Baptist University (HKBU)Kowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing EducationShenzhenGuangdong518057China
- Institute of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological AnalysisGolden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration SciencesHKBUKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
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19
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Yang L, Liu J, Sun P, Ni Z, Ma Y, Huang Z. Chiral Ligand-Free, Optically Active Nanoparticles Inherently Composed of Chiral Lattices at the Atomic Scale. Small 2020; 16:e2001473. [PMID: 32419372 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bulk metals lack chirality. Recently, metals have been sculptured with metastable chirality varying from the micro- to nano-scale. The manipulation of molecular chirality could be novelly performed using metals composed of chiral lattices at atomic scales (i.e., chiral nanoparticles or CNPs) if one could fundamentally understand the interactions between molecules and the chiral metal lattices. The incorporation of chiral ligands has been generally adapted to form metal CNPs. However, post-fabrication removal of chiral ligands usually causes relaxation of the metastable chiral lattices to thermodynamically stable achiral structures, and thus the coexisting chiral ligands will unavoidably disturb or screen the interactions of interest. Herein, a concept of metal CNPs that are free of chiral ligands and consist of atomically chiral lattices is introduced. Without chiral ligands, shear forces applied by substrate rotation along with the translation of incident atoms lead to imposing the metastable chiral lattices onto metals. Metal CNPs show not only the chiroptical effect but the enantiospecific interactions of chiral lattices and molecules. These two unique chiral effects have resulted in the applications of enantiodifferentiation and asymmetric synthesis. Prospectively, the extension in composition space and constituent engineering will apply alloy CNPs to enantiodiscrimination, enantioseperation, bio-imaging, bio-sensing, and asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F, The Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 2 Yuexing Third Road, South Zone, Hi-Tech Industrial Park Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F, The Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 2 Yuexing Third Road, South Zone, Hi-Tech Industrial Park Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ziyue Ni
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yicong Ma
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F, The Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 2 Yuexing Third Road, South Zone, Hi-Tech Industrial Park Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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S. Rodrigues M, Fiedler P, Küchler N, P. Domingues R, Lopes C, Borges J, Haueisen J, Vaz F. Dry Electrodes for Surface Electromyography Based on Architectured Titanium Thin Films. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13092135. [PMID: 32380683 PMCID: PMC7254203 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrodes of silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) are dominant in clinical settings for surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings. These electrodes need a conductive electrolyte gel to ensure proper performance, which dries during long-term measurements inhibiting the immediate electrode’s reuse and is often linked to skin irritation episodes. To overcome these drawbacks, a new type of dry electrodes based on architectured titanium (Ti) thin films were proposed in this work. The architectured microstructures were zigzags, obtained with different sputtering incidence angles (α), which have been shown to directly influence the films’ porosity and electrical conductivity. The electrodes were prepared using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and stainless-steel (SS) substrates, and their performance was tested in male volunteers (athletes) by recording electromyography (EMG) signals, preceded by electrode-skin impedance measurements. In general, the results showed that both SS and TPU dry electrodes can be used for sEMG recordings. While SS electrodes almost match the signal quality parameters of reference electrodes of Ag/AgCl, the performance of electrodes based on TPU functionalized with a Ti thin film still requires further improvements. Noteworthy was the clear increase of the signal to noise ratios when the thin films’ microstructure evolved from normal growth towards zigzag microstructures, meaning that further tailoring of the thin film microstructure is a possible route to achieve optimized performances. Finally, the developed dry electrodes are reusable and allow for multiple EMG recordings without being replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S. Rodrigues
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.R.); (R.P.D.); (J.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Patrique Fiedler
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.F.); (N.K.); (J.H.)
- eemagine Medical Imaging Solutions GmbH, 10243 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Küchler
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.F.); (N.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Rui P. Domingues
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.R.); (R.P.D.); (J.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Cláudia Lopes
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.R.); (R.P.D.); (J.B.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joel Borges
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.R.); (R.P.D.); (J.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (P.F.); (N.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomagnetic Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Filipe Vaz
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.R.); (R.P.D.); (J.B.); (F.V.)
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21
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Yang L, Nandi P, Ma Y, Liu J, Mirsaidov U, Huang Z. Binary Chiral Nanoparticles Exhibit Amplified Optical Activity and Enhanced Refractive Index Sensitivity. Small 2020; 16:e1906048. [PMID: 31961482 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metallic chiral nanoparticles (CNPs) with a nominal helical pitch (P) of sub-10 nm contain inherent chirality and are promisingly applied to diverse prominent enantiomer-related applications. However, the sub-wavelength P physically results in weak optical activity (OA) to prohibit the development of these applications. Herein, a facile method to amplify the CNPs' OA by alloying the host CNPs with metals through a three-step layer-by-layer glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method is devised. Promoted by the GLAD-induced heating effect, the solute metallic atoms diffuse into the host CNPs to create binary alloy CNPs. Chiral alloying not only induces the plasmonic OA of the diffused solute and the created alloys but also amplifies that of the host CNPs, generally occurring for alloying Ag CNPs with diverse metals (including Cu, Au, Al, and Fe) and alloying Cu CNPs with Ag. Furthermore, the chiral alloying leads to an enhancement of refractive index sensitivity of the CNPs. The alloy CNPs with amplified plasmonic OA pave the way for potentially developing important chirality-related applications in the fields of heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis, enantiodifferentiation, enantioseparation, biosensing, and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F, The Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 2 Yuexing Third Road, South Zone, Hi-tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Proloy Nandi
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Yicong Ma
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F, The Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 2 Yuexing Third Road, South Zone, Hi-tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Utkur Mirsaidov
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F, The Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 2 Yuexing Third Road, South Zone, Hi-tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Jeong HH, Adams MC, Günther JP, Alarcón-Correa M, Kim I, Choi E, Miksch C, Mark AF, Mark AG, Fischer P. Arrays of Plasmonic Nanoparticle Dimers with Defined Nanogap Spacers. ACS Nano 2019; 13:11453-11459. [PMID: 31539228 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic molecules are building blocks of metallic nanostructures that give rise to intriguing optical phenomena with similarities to those seen in molecular systems. The ability to design plasmonic hybrid structures and molecules with nanometric resolution would enable applications in optical metamaterials and sensing that presently cannot be demonstrated, because of a lack of suitable fabrication methods allowing the structural control of the plasmonic atoms on a large scale. Here we demonstrate a wafer-scale "lithography-free" parallel fabrication scheme to realize nanogap plasmonic meta-molecules with precise control over their size, shape, material, and orientation. We demonstrate how we can tune the corresponding coupled resonances through the entire visible spectrum. Our fabrication method, based on glancing angle physical vapor deposition with gradient shadowing, permits critical parameters to be varied across the wafer and thus is ideally suited to screen potential structures. We obtain billions of aligned dimer structures with controlled variation of the spectral properties across the wafer. We spectroscopically map the plasmonic resonances of gold dimer structures and show that they not only are in good agreement with numerically modeled spectra, but also remain functional, at least for a year, in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Melanie C Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Mariana Alarcón-Correa
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Insook Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Eunjin Choi
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Cornelia Miksch
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Alison F Mark
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Andrew G Mark
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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23
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Abstract
Demand for the transfer of chirality from a pre-engineered nanoparticle to any other metal is of fundamental importance for developing a wide range of chirality-related applications. Herein, we show that binary alloy chiral nanoparticles (CNPs) with an engineerable composition can be formed from metallic CNPs with intrinsic structural chirality serving as sacrificial templates (STs), via a galvanic replacement reaction (GRR). This GRR-mediated chirality transfer is a general phenomenon and results in the formation of Cu-Ag CNPs with solid morphology and mesoporous CNPs made of Ag-Au, Ag-Pt, and Ag-Pd. Our study imposes a new component, i.e., structural chirality, on the GRR. The insights from our study improve our fundamental understanding of the GRR principle and devise a versatile method to generate mesoporous alloy CNPs for developing prominent chirality-related applications in asymmetric catalysis, enantiodifferentiation, enantioseparation, biodetection, and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- Department of Physics , Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) , Kowloon Tong, Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Industrialization Complex Building , Shenzhen Virtual University Park , No. 2 Yuexing Third Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518000 , China
| | - Ziyue Ni
- Department of Physics , Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) , Kowloon Tong, Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Proloy Nandi
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117557 , Singapore
| | - Utkur Mirsaidov
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117557 , Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117551 , Singapore
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Physics , Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) , Kowloon Tong, Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Industrialization Complex Building , Shenzhen Virtual University Park , No. 2 Yuexing Third Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518000 , China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis , Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU , Kowloon Tong, Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
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24
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Cong S, Zou G, Lou Y, Yang H, Su Y, Zhao J, Zhang C, Ma P, Lu Z, Fan H, Huang Z. Fabrication of Nickel Oxide Nanopillar Arrays on Flexible Electrodes for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Nano Lett 2019; 19:3676-3683. [PMID: 31035748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanomaterials with controlled morphologies and architectures are of critical importance for high-performance optoelectronic devices. However, the fabrication of such nanomaterials on polymer-based flexible electrodes is particularly challenging due to degradation of the flexible electrodes at a high temperature. Here we report the fabrication of nickel oxide nanopillar arrays (NiO x NaPAs) on a flexible electrode by vapor deposition, which enables highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The NiO x NaPAs exhibit an enhanced light transmittance for light harvesting, prohibit exciton recombination, promote irradiation-generated hole transport and collection, and facilitate the formation of large perovskite grains. These advantageous features result in a high efficiency of 20% and 17% for the rigid and flexible PSCs, respectively. Additionally, the NaPAs show no cracking after 500 times of bending, consistent with the mechanic simulation results. This robust fabrication opens a new opportunity for the fabrication of a large area of high-performance flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cong
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Guifu Zou
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Yanhui Lou
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Ying Su
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215000 , China
- Department of Physics, Institute of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis , Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , Soochow University , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Peipei Ma
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Zheng Lu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87122 , United States
- Advanced Materials Laboratories , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Physics, Institute of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis , Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong SAR , China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Industrialization Complex Building , Shenzhen Virtual University Park , No. 2 Yuexing Third Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518000 , China
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25
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Antartis DA, Wang H, Tang CY, Chew HB, Dillon SJ, Chasiotis I. Nanofibrillar Si Helices for Low-Stress, High-Capacity Li + Anodes with Large Affine Deformations. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:11715-11721. [PMID: 30860348 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the chemical lithiation of long microscale helices composed of densely packed amorphous silicon (aSi) nanofibrils, fabricated by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) through e-beam evaporation. In situ electron microscopy and companion finite element modeling demonstrate that the nanofibrillar structure of the aSi helices allows for 2 orders of magnitude faster effective rates for Li diffusion ( D0 = 10-10 cm2/s) compared to solid aSi nanowires, while also averting fragmentation during lithiation. More importantly, it is shown that specific helical geometries can accommodate large, lithium-induced, volumetric expansions without shape distortion. A major advantage of the helical nanostructures is that the compressive force generated due to lithiation-induced expansion is an order of magnitude smaller than in straight nanocolumns that permanently buckle during lithiation. Thus, GLAD-fabricated films composed of dense periodic microscale helices with properly designed coil geometries are highly suitable for robust, high-capacity Li+ anodes.
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26
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Kwon KC, Suh JM, Lee TH, Choi KS, Hong K, Song YG, Shim YS, Shokouhimehr M, Kang CY, Kim SY, Jang HW. SnS 2 Nanograins on Porous SiO 2 Nanorods Template for Highly Sensitive NO 2 Sensor at Room Temperature with Excellent Recovery. ACS Sens 2019; 4:678-686. [PMID: 30799610 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop high performance chemoresistive gas sensors for Internet of Everything applications, low power consumption should be achieved due to the limited battery capacity of portable devices. One of the most efficient ways to reduce power consumption is to lower the operating temperature to room temperature. Herein, we report superior gas sensing properties of SnS2 nanograins on SiO2 nanorods toward NO2 at room temperature. The gas response is as high as 701% for 10 ppm of NO2 with excellent recovery characteristics and the theoretical detection limit is evaluated to be 408.9 ppb at room temperature, which has not been reported for SnS2-based gas sensors to the best of our knowledge. The SnS2 nanograins on the template used in this study have excessive sulfur component (Sn:S = 1:2.33) and exhibit p-type conduction behavior. These results will provide a new perspective of nanostructured two-dimensional materials for gas sensor applications on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Chang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Integrative Research Center for Two-Dimensional Functional Materials, Institute of Interdisciplinary Convergence Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jun Min Suh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soon Choi
- Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Kootak Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Geun Song
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Yun Kang
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Integrative Research Center for Two-Dimensional Functional Materials, Institute of Interdisciplinary Convergence Research, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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27
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Ziegler N, Sengstock C, Mai V, Schildhauer TA, Köller M, Ludwig A. Glancing-Angle Deposition of Nanostructures on an Implant Material Surface. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9010060. [PMID: 30621132 PMCID: PMC6358796 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-compatible and antibacterial surfaces are needed for implants, which frequently have complex and rough surfaces. Bio-inspired columnar nanostructures can be grown on flat substrates; however, the application of these nanostructures on clinically relevant, complex, and rough surfaces was pending. Therefore, a titanium plasma spray (TPS) implant surface was coated with titanium nano-spikes via glancing angle magnetron sputter deposition (GLAD) at room temperature. Using GLAD, it was possible to cover the three-dimensional, highly structured macroscopic surface (including cavities, niches, clefts, and curved areas) of the TPS homogeneously with nano-spikes (TPS+), creating a cell-compatible and antibacterial surface. The adherence and spreading of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were similar for TPS and TPS+ surfaces. However, MSC adherent to TPS+ expressed less and shorter pseudopodia. The induced osteogenic response of MSC was significantly increased in cells cultivated on TPS+ compared with TPS. In addition, Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) adherent to the nano-spikes were partly destructed by a physico-mechanical mechanism; however, Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) were not significantly damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ziegler
- Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Christina Sengstock
- Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Buerkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Viola Mai
- Mathys Ltd. Bettlach, Robert Mathys Straße 5, CH-2544 Bettlach, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas A Schildhauer
- Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Buerkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Manfred Köller
- Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Buerkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Alfred Ludwig
- Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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28
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Zhang M, Pacheco-Peña V, Yu Y, Chen W, Greybush NJ, Stein A, Engheta N, Murray CB, Kagan CR. Nanoimprinted Chiral Plasmonic Substrates with Three-Dimensional Nanostructures. Nano Lett 2018; 18:7389-7394. [PMID: 30257094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a large-area fabrication method to prepare chiral substrates patterned with arrays of multilayer, three-dimensional nanostructures using a combination of nanoimprint lithography and glancing angle deposition. Several structures are successfully fabricated using this method, including L-shaped, twisted arc and trilayer twisted Au nanorod structures, demonstrating its generality. As one typical example, arrays of L-shaped nanostructures, consisting of two layers of orthogonally oriented Au nanorods separated by a Ge dielectric layer in the thickness direction, exhibit giant optical chirality in the infrared region with an experimentally achieved g-factor as high as 0.38. Electromagnetic simulations show that the optical chirality results from plasmon hybridization between the two orthogonal Au segments. To demonstrate scalability, a 1 cm2 chiral substrate is fabricated with uniform chiral optical property. This method combines both high throughput and precise geometrical control and is therefore promising for applications of chiral metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aaron Stein
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
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29
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Abbas N, Lu X, Badshah MA, In JB, Heo WI, Park KY, Lee MK, Kim CH, Kang P, Chang WJ, Kim SM, Seo SJ. Development of a Protein Microarray Chip with Enhanced Fluorescence for Identification of Semen and Vaginal Fluid. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18113874. [PMID: 30423842 PMCID: PMC6263525 DOI: 10.3390/s18113874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The detection of body fluids has been used to identify a suspect and build a criminal case. As the amount of evidence collected at a crime site is limited, a multiplex identification system for body fluids using a small amount of sample is required. In this study, we proposed a multiplex detection platform using an Ag vertical nanorod metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) substrate for semen and vaginal fluid (VF), which are important evidence in cases of sexual crime. The Ag nanorod MEF substrate with a length of 500 nm was fabricated by glancing angle deposition, and amino functionalization was conducted to improve binding ability. The effect of incubation time was analyzed, and an incubation time of 60 min was selected, at which the fluorescence signal was saturated. To assess the performance of the developed identification chip, the identification of semen and VF was carried out. The developed sensor could selectively identify semen and VF without any cross-reactivity. The limit of detection of the fabricated microarray chip was 10 times better than the commercially available rapid stain identification (RSID) Semen kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Abbas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Xun Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Mohsin Ali Badshah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Jung Bin In
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Won Il Heo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea.
| | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea.
| | - Cho Hee Kim
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, 10 Ipchun-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26460, Korea.
| | - Pilwon Kang
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, 10 Ipchun-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26460, Korea.
| | - Woo-Jin Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - Seok-Min Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea.
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Rashidi A, Issa MW, Martin IT, Avishai A, Razavi S, Wirth CL. Local Measurement of Janus Particle Cap Thickness. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:30925-30929. [PMID: 30142982 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Janus particles have anisotropy in surface chemistry or composition that will effect dynamics and interactions with neighboring surfaces. One specific type of Janus particle is that consisting of a native micrometer-scale particle with a cap of gold, platinum, or another metal deposited with a typical thicknesses of ∼10 nm. A key characteristic of metal-capped Janus particles prepared with glancing angle deposition is the cap thickness. The nominal thickness is usually assumed to be uniform across the cap for modeling or interpretation of data, but the vapor deposition fabrication process likely does not produce such a cap because of the particle's curvature. These nonuniformities in the cap thickness may have a profound impact on Janus particle dynamics at equilibrium and in response to external fields. Herein, we summarize an experimental technique that utilizes focused ion beam slicing, image analysis, and results for the direct and local measure of cap thickness for 5 μm polystyrene spheres with a gold cap of nominal thicknesses of 10 or 20 nm. We found the cap varied in thickness continuously along the perimeter of the particle and also that the deposition rate, varying between 0.5 and 2.0 Å/s, did not significantly alter the way in which the thickness varied. These data support the hypothesis that cap thickness of a Janus sphere will vary across the gold surface contour, while demonstrating a feasible route for direct measurement of Janus particle cap thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Rashidi
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Cleveland State University , Cleveland , Ohio 44115 , United States
| | - Marola W Issa
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Cleveland State University , Cleveland , Ohio 44115 , United States
| | - Ina T Martin
- Materials for Opto/Electronics Research and Education (MORE) Center , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Amir Avishai
- Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Sepideh Razavi
- Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering , University of Oklahoma , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Christopher L Wirth
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Cleveland State University , Cleveland , Ohio 44115 , United States
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31
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Liu X, Guo X, Lv Y, Hu Y, Lin J, Fan Y, Zhang N, Liu X. Enhanced Performance and Flexibility of Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Microstructured Multilayer Transparent Electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:18141-18148. [PMID: 29732877 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance and flexibility of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been enhanced by introducing microstructured WO3/Ag/WO3 (WAW) multilayer transparent electrodes, which can be fabricated through glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method. The structure and morphology of the second WO3 layers in WAW films can be altered significantly by changing the deposition angles. A film with porous, oriented WO3 nanocolumns was obtained at the deposition angle of 75°. The rigid and flexible devices based on this microstructured electrodes show enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 14.91 and 13.79%, respectively, which are increasing by 10.36 and 10.14% in comparison with the devices based on the WAW electrodes with planar structure, respectively. Simultaneously, the bending stability of the flexible PSCs based on the microstructured WAW electrode has been improved significantly, which retains 90.97% of its initial PCE after 1000 times bending under the maximum strain of 1.3%, compared with the 78.39% of the reference device with the planar WAW electrode. This can be attributed to the unique microstructure of WAW electrodes fabricated by GLAD methods, releasing the mechanical stresses under repeated bending; moreover, the smaller grains induced by this electrode can disperse the stress, which decrease the damage on the perovskite layer; we believe that this work will pave for the way to improve the performance and flexibility of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiaoyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , China
| | - Ying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , China
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32
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Suh JM, Sohn W, Shim YS, Choi JS, Song YG, Kim TL, Jeon JM, Kwon KC, Choi KS, Kang CY, Byun HG, Jang HW. p-p Heterojunction of Nickel Oxide-Decorated Cobalt Oxide Nanorods for Enhanced Sensitivity and Selectivity toward Volatile Organic Compounds. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:1050-1058. [PMID: 29235841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of p-p isotype heterojunctions is an effective strategy to enhance the gas sensing properties of metal-oxide semiconductors, but most previous studies focused on p-n heterojunctions owing to their simple mechanism of formation of depletion layers. However, a proper choice of isotype semiconductors with appropriate energy bands can also contribute to the enhancement of the gas sensing performance. Herein, we report nickel oxide (NiO)-decorated cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanorods (NRs) fabricated using the multiple-step glancing angle deposition method. The effective decoration of NiO on the entire surface of Co3O4 NRs enabled the formation of numerous p-p heterojunctions, and they exhibited a 16.78 times higher gas response to 50 ppm of C6H6 at 350 °C compared to that of bare Co3O4 NRs with the calculated detection limit of approximately 13.91 ppb. Apart from the p-p heterojunctions, increased active sites owing to the changes in the orientation of the exposed lattice surface and the catalytic effects of NiO also contributed to the enhanced gas sensing properties. The advantages of p-p heterojunctions for gas sensing applications demonstrated in this work will provide a new perspective of heterostructured metal-oxide nanostructures for sensitive and selective gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Min Suh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonbae Sohn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Shim
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Sik Choi
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Kangwon National University , Samcheok 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Geun Song
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taemin L Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Myeong Jeon
- Fundamental Technology Group, Central R&D Institute, Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co. , Suwon 16674, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soon Choi
- Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) , Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Yun Kang
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Gi Byun
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Kangwon National University , Samcheok 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Liu J, Yang L, Zhang H, Wang J, Huang Z. Ultraviolet-Visible Chiroptical Activity of Aluminum Nanostructures. Small 2017; 13:1701112. [PMID: 28783232 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-resonant metals (e.g., aluminum) typically have low melting point to cause a fabrication difficulty in helical sculpture to generate plasmons with chiroptical activity in the UV region. In this work, using glancing angle deposition (GLAD), two new methods are devised to generate crystalline chiral Al nanostructures that have stable chiroptical response in the UV-visible region originating from intrinsic helical structures. One approach involves fast substrate rotation during GLAD to fabricate Al nanoparticles (AlNPs) with hidden helicity; another is to deposit an achiral Al thin film on a host of plasmonic chiral NPs, such that the helical structures are duplicated from the chiral host to the achiral guest of Al nanocappings. The host@guest helicity duplication is a new GLAD methodology to generate chiroptically active plasmons, which can be generally adapted to diverse plasmonic metals for tailoring plasmonic chiroptical activity flexibly in the UV-visible region. More importantly, this work offers those two new methods to generate UV-active plasmonic chiral substrates, which can markedly enhance chiroptical activity of biomolecules. It would open a door to develop surface-enhanced chiroptical spectroscopies for sensitively monitoring stereobiochemical information, which is of prominent interest in understanding a wide range of homochirality-determined biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F, the Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 2 Yuexing 3rd Road, South Zone, Hi-Tech Industrial Park Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong Province, China
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Vitrey A, Alvarez R, Palmero A, González MU, García-Martín JM. Fabrication of black-gold coatings by glancing angle deposition with sputtering. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:434-439. [PMID: 28326233 PMCID: PMC5331268 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of black-gold coatings using sputtering is reported here. Glancing angle deposition with a rotating substrate is needed to obtain vertical nanostructures. Enhanced light absorption is obtained in the samples prepared in the ballistic regime with high tilt angles. Under these conditions the diameter distribution of the nanostructures is centered at about 60 nm and the standard deviation is large enough to obtain black-metal behavior in the visible range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Vitrey
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectronica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Alvarez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Alberto Palmero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - María Ujué González
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectronica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectronica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Lau WF, Yang L, Bai F, Huang Z. Weakening Circular Dichroism of Plasmonic Nanospirals Induced by Surface Grafting with Alkyl Ligands. Small 2016; 12:6698-6702. [PMID: 27805771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanospirals with strong chiroptical activity (characterized by circular dichroism) are grafted with achiral alkyl ligands, resulting in a weakening of the chiroptical activity. The chiroptical weakening is exacerbated with increasing bond energy of the Ag-ligand contacts, which is ascribed to the effective medium screening effect and electron withdrawal toward the alkyl ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Fung Lau
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F, the Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 2 Yuexing 3rd Road, South Zone, Hi-tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong Province, China
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36
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Liu J, Yang L, Huang Z. Chiroptically Active Plasmonic Nanoparticles Having Hidden Helicity and Reversible Aqueous Solvent Effect on Chiroptical Activity. Small 2016; 12:5902-5909. [PMID: 27592699 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The geometrical prerequisite for forming a helix is P (helical pitch) > d (wire diameter). Limited by the current development of nanofabrication techniques, it is difficult to minimize d and consequently P to the sub-10 nm molecule-comparable scale, preventing the study of chiral plasmonics at dimensions approaching the physical limit. Herein, glancing angle deposition is operated at substrate temperature of 0 °C and high speed of substrate rotation to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with nominal P < d. The AgNPs have intrinsic chiroptical activity characterized by circular dichroism (CD), originating from the hidden helicity. With increasing P from 3 to 66 nm, the plasmonic mode barely shifts but shows a logarithmic increase in CD amplitude. Immersing AgNPs in water causes the plasmonic mode to redshift and rise in CD amplitude, i.e., a water effect on chiroptical activity. Hydrophilic AgNP arrays with low array porosity show a reversible water effect, but hydrophobic Ag nanospiral arrays with P > d and high array porosity have an irreversible water effect. This work introduces a cost-effective, facile approach to minimize P to sub-10 nm at a regular substrate temperature, paving the way to study chiral plasmonics approaching the physical limit and exploit chirality-related bioapplications typically operated in aqueous solutions to tackle significant health and environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, 9F, the Industrialization Complex of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 2 Yuexing 3rd Road, South Zone, Hi-tech Industrial Park Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
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37
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Qu Y, Medina H, Wang SW, Wang YC, Chen CW, Su TY, Manikandan A, Wang K, Shih YC, Chang JW, Kuo HC, Lee CY, Lu SY, Shen G, Wang ZM, Chueh YL. Wafer Scale Phase-Engineered 1T- and 2H-MoSe 2 /Mo Core-Shell 3D-Hierarchical Nanostructures toward Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Adv Mater 2016; 28:9831-9838. [PMID: 27717140 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The necessity for new sources for greener and cleaner energy production to replace the existing ones has been increasingly growing in recent years. Of those new sources, the hydrogen evolution reaction has a large potential. In this work, for the first time, MoSe2 /Mo core-shell 3D-hierarchical nanostructures are created, which are derived from the Mo 3D-hierarchical nanostructures through a low-temperature plasma-assisted selenization process with controlled shapes grown by a glancing angle deposition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindong Qu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Henry Medina
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Wang
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Yu Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Arumugam Manikandan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuangye Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Shih
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Je-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chung Kuo
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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38
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Xiao L, Lv Y, Dong W, Zhang N, Liu X. Dual-Functional WO 3 Nanocolumns with Broadband Antireflective and High-Performance Flexible Electrochromic Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:27107-27114. [PMID: 27649857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional, high-porous, and oriented WO3 nanocolumn film with broadband antireflective and high-performance flexible electrochromic dual-functionalities is achieved by utilizing a simple, one-step, room-temperature glancing angle deposition without any catalysts and templates. It is found that the WO3 nanocolumn film is effective in increasing the optical transparency in the visible range, enhancing the color-switching response time as well as improving the mechanical flexibility and electrochemical cycling stability in comparison to dense WO3 film. The further optical, morphological, and electrode reaction kinetics analyses reveal that these improvements can be attributed to its unique porous nanocolumn arrays, which reduce the refractive index, facilitate the interfacial charge-transfer and ion-penetration, and alleviate the internal stress of the film under the bending treatment. These results would provide a simple and effective guidance to design and construct low-cost, robust, flexible, stable, and transparent electrochromic smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
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Abstract
The helical array (with 10 atom % Cu) exhibits 3130 mAh g(-1) with 83% columbic efficiency and retains 83% of its initial discharge capacity after 100th cycle. Homogeneously distributed interspaces between the helical arrays accommodate high volumetric changes upon cycling and copper atoms form a conductive network to buffer the mechanical stress generated in the electrode while minimizing electrochemical agglomeration of Si. Also, ion assistance is believed to enhance the density of the helices at the bottom thus increasing the adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Polat
- The Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University , Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - O Keles
- The Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University , Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - K Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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40
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Jeong HH, Mark AG, Lee TC, Son K, Chen W, Alarcón-Correa M, Kim I, Schütz G, Fischer P. Selectable Nanopattern Arrays for Nanolithographic Imprint and Etch-Mask Applications. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2015; 2:1500016. [PMID: 27980957 PMCID: PMC5115431 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A parallel nanolithographic patterning method is presented that can be used to obtain arrays of multifunctional nanoparticles. These patterns can simply be converted into a variety of secondary nanopatterns that are useful for nanolithographic imprint, plasmonic, and etch-mask applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstr. 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andrew G Mark
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstr. 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tung-Chun Lee
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstr. 370569 Stuttgart Germany; Institute for Materials Discovery University College London Kathleen Lonsdale Building Gower Place London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Kwanghyo Son
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstr. 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstr. 370569 Stuttgart Germany; Department of Biophysical Chemistry University of Heidelberg INF 25369120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mariana Alarcón-Correa
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstr. 370569 Stuttgart Germany; Institute for Physical Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 5570569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Insook Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstr. 370569 Stuttgart Germany; Institute for Physical Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 5570569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Gisela Schütz
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstr. 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstr. 370569 Stuttgart Germany; Institute for Physical Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 5570569 Stuttgart Germany
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41
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Yoo KS, Han SD, Moon HG, Yoon SJ, Kang CY. Highly Sensitive H2S Sensor Based on the Metal-Catalyzed SnO2 Nanocolumns Fabricated by Glancing Angle Deposition. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:15468-77. [PMID: 26134105 DOI: 10.3390/s150715468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As highly sensitive H2S gas sensors, Au- and Ag-catalyzed SnO2 thin films with morphology-controlled nanostructures were fabricated by using e-beam evaporation in combination with the glancing angle deposition (GAD) technique. After annealing at 500 °C for 40 h, the sensors showed a polycrystalline phase with a porous, tilted columnar nanostructure. The gas sensitivities (S = Rgas/Rair) of Au and Ag-catalyzed SnO2 sensors fabricated by the GAD process were 0.009 and 0.015, respectively, under 5 ppm H2S at 300 °C, and the 90% response time was approximately 5 s. These sensors showed excellent sensitivities compared with the SnO2 thin film sensors that were deposited normally (glancing angle = 0°, S = 0.48).
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Roth SV, Santoro G, Risch JFH, Yu S, Schwartzkopf M, Boese T, Döhrmann R, Zhang P, Besner B, Bremer P, Rukser D, Rübhausen MA, Terrill NJ, Staniec PA, Yao Y, Metwalli E, Müller-Buschbaum P. Patterned Diblock Co-Polymer Thin Films as Templates for Advanced Anisotropic Metal Nanostructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:12470-7. [PMID: 25635697 DOI: 10.1021/am507727f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate glancing-angle deposition of gold on a nanostructured diblock copolymer, namely polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) thin film. Exploiting the selective wetting of gold on the polystyrene block, we are able to fabricate directional hierarchical structures. We prove the asymmetric growth of the gold nanoparticles and are able to extract the different growth laws by in situ scattering methods. The optical anisotropy of these hierarchical hybrid materials is further probed by angular resolved spectroscopic methods. This approach enables us to tailor functional hierarchical layers in nanodevices, such as nanoantennae arrays, organic photovoltaics, and sensor electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan V Roth
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Santoro
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes F H Risch
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shun Yu
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Boese
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Döhrmann
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peng Zhang
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Besner
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Bremer
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Rukser
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Rübhausen
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nick J Terrill
- §Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Staniec
- §Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Yao
- ⊥Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ezzeldin Metwalli
- ⊥Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- ⊥Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Abstract
There is considerable interest in powering and maneuvering nanostructures remotely in fluidic media using noninvasive fuel-free methods, for which small homogeneous magnetic fields are ideally suited. Current strategies include helical propulsion of chiral nanostructures, cilia-like motion of flexible filaments, and surface assisted translation of asymmetric colloidal doublets and magnetic nanorods, in all of which the individual structures are moved in a particular direction that is completely tied to the characteristics of the driving fields. As we show in this paper, when we use appropriate magnetic field configurations and actuation time scales, it is possible to maneuver geometrically identical nanostructures in different directions, and subsequently position them at arbitrary locations with respect to each other. The method reported here requires proximity of the nanomotors to a solid surface, and could be useful in applications that require remote and independent control over individual components in microfluidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Mandal
- †Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vaishali Chopra
- †Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ambarish Ghosh
- †Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- ‡Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- §Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Wang PY, Bennetsen DT, Foss M, Ameringer T, Thissen H, Kingshott P. Modulation of human mesenchymal stem cell behavior on ordered tantalum nanotopographies fabricated using colloidal lithography and glancing angle deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:4979-4989. [PMID: 25664369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ordered surface nanostructures have attracted much attention in biotechnology and biomedical engineering because of their potential to modulate cell-surface interactions in a controllable manner. However, the ability to fabricate large area ordered nanostructures is limited because of high costs and low speed of fabrication. Here, we have fabricated ordered nanostructures with large surface areas (1.5 × 1.5 cm(2)) using a combination of facile techniques including colloidal self-assembly, colloidal lithography and glancing angle deposition (GLAD). Polystyrene (722 nm) colloids were self-assembled into a hexagonally close-packed (hcp) crystal array at the water-air interface, transferred on a biocompatible tantalum (Ta) surface and used as a mask to generate an ordered Ta pattern. The Ta was deposited by sputter coating through the crystal mask creating approximately 60-nm-high feature sizes. The feature size was further increased by approximately 200-nm-height respectively using GLAD, resulting in the fabrication of four different surfaces (FLAT, Ta60, GLAD100, and GLAD200). Cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of primary human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) were studied on these ordered nanostructures for up to 2 weeks. Our results suggested that cell spreading, focal adhesion formation, and filopodia extension of hADSCs were inhibited on the GLAD surfaces, while the growth rate was similar between each surface. Immunostaining for type I collagen (COL1) and osteocalcin (OC) showed that there was higher osteogenic components deposited on the GLAD surfaces compared to the Ta60 and FLAT surfaces after 1 week of osteogenic culture. After 2 weeks of osteogenic culture, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the amount of calcium was higher on the GLAD surfaces. In addition, osteoblast-like cells were confluent on Ta60 and FLAT surfaces, whereas the GLAD surfaces were not fully covered suggesting that the cell-cell interactions are stronger than cell-substrate interactions on GLAD surfaces. Visible extracellular matrix deposits decorated the porous surface can be found on the GLAD surfaces. Depth profiling of surface components using a new Ar cluster source and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that deposited extracellular matrix on GLAD surfaces is rich in nitrogen. The fabricated ordered surface nanotopographies have potential to be applied in diverse fields, and demonstrate that the behavior of human stem cells can be directed on these ordered nanotopographies, providing new knowledge for applications in biomaterials and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yuan Wang
- Industrial Research Institute Swinburne (IRIS) and Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Australia
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45
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Wilson PM, Zobel A, Lipatov A, Schubert E, Hofmann T, Sinitskii A. Multilayer graphitic coatings for thermal stabilization of metallic nanostructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:2987-2992. [PMID: 25594774 DOI: 10.1021/am506777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that graphitic coatings, which consist of multilayer disordered graphene sheets, can be used for the thermal protection of delicate metal nanostructures. We studied cobalt slanted nanopillars grown by glancing angle deposition that were shown to melt at temperatures much lower than the melting point of bulk cobalt. After graphitic coatings were conformally grown over the surfaces of Co nanopillars by chemical vapor deposition, the resulting carbon-coated Co nanostructures retained their morphology at elevated temperatures, which would damage the uncoated structures. Thermal stabilization is also demonstrated for carbon-coated Ti nanopillars. The results of this study may be extended to other metallic and possibly even nonmetallic nanostructures that need to preserve their morphology at elevated temperatures in a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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46
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West PR, Kinsey N, Ferrera M, Kildishev AV, Shalaev VM, Boltasseva A. Adiabatically tapered hyperbolic metamaterials for dispersion control of high-k waves. Nano Lett 2015; 15:498-505. [PMID: 25458533 DOI: 10.1021/nl5038352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) have shown great promise in the optical and quantum communities due to their extremely large, broadband photonic density of states. This feature is a direct consequence of supporting photonic modes with unbounded k-vectors. While these materials support such high-k waves, they are intrinsically confined inside the HMM and cannot propagate into the far-field, rendering them impractical for many applications. Here, we demonstrate how the magnitude of k-vectors can be engineered as the propagating radiation passes through media of differing dispersion relations (including type II HMMs and dielectrics) in the in-plane direction. The total outcoupling efficiency of waves in the in-plane direction is shown to be on average 2 orders of magnitude better than standard out-of-plane outcoupling methods. In addition, the outcoupling can be further enhanced using a proposed tapered HMM waveguide that is fabricated using a shadowed glancing angle deposition technique; thereby proving the feasibility of the proposed device. Applications for this technique include converting high-k waves to low-k waves that can be out-coupled into free-space and creating extremely high-k waves that are quickly quenched. Most importantly, this method of in-plane outcoupling acts as a bridge through which waves can cross between the regimes of low-k waves in classical dielectric materials and the high-k waves in HMMs with strongly reduced reflective losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R West
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana United States
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47
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Pihosh Y, Turkevych I, Mawatari K, Asai T, Hisatomi T, Uemura J, Tosa M, Shimamura K, Kubota J, Domen K, Kitamori T. Nanostructured WO3 /BiVO4 photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. Small 2014; 10:3692-9. [PMID: 24863862 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured photoanodes based on well-separated and vertically oriented WO3 nanorods capped with extremely thin BiVO4 absorber layers are fabricated by the combination of Glancing Angle Deposition and normal physical sputtering techniques. The optimized WO3 -NRs/BiVO4 photoanode modified with Co-Pi oxygen evolution co-catalyst shows remarkably stable photocurrents of 3.2 and 5.1 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode in a stable Na2 SO4 electrolyte under simulated solar light at the standard 1 Sun and concentrated 2 Suns illumination, respectively. The photocurrent enhancement is attributed to the faster charge separation in the electronically thin BiVO4 layer and significantly reduced charge recombination. The enhanced light trapping in the nanostructured WO3 -NRs/BiVO4 photoanode effectively increases the optical thickness of the BiVO4 layer and results in efficient absorption of the incident light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Pihosh
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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48
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Schamel D, Mark AG, Gibbs JG, Miksch C, Morozov KI, Leshansky AM, Fischer P. Nanopropellers and their actuation in complex viscoelastic media. ACS Nano 2014; 8:8794-8801. [PMID: 24911046 DOI: 10.1021/nn502360t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue and biological fluids are complex viscoelastic media with a nanoporous macromolecular structure. Here, we demonstrate that helical nanopropellers can be controllably steered through such a biological gel. The screw-propellers have a filament diameter of about 70 nm and are smaller than previously reported nanopropellers as well as any swimming microorganism. We show that the nanoscrews will move through high-viscosity solutions with comparable velocities to that of larger micropropellers, even though they are so small that Brownian forces suppress their actuation in pure water. When actuated in viscoelastic hyaluronan gels, the nanopropellers appear to have a significant advantage, as they are of the same size range as the gel's mesh size. Whereas larger helices will show very low or negligible propulsion in hyaluronan solutions, the nanoscrews actually display significantly enhanced propulsion velocities that exceed the highest measured speeds in Newtonian fluids. The nanopropellers are not only promising for applications in the extracellular environment but small enough to be taken up by cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Schamel
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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49
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Hsu HF, Huang WR, Chen TH, Wu HY, Chen CA. Fabrication of Ni-silicide/Si heterostructured nanowire arrays by glancing angle deposition and solid state reaction. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:224. [PMID: 23663726 PMCID: PMC3695794 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work develops a method for growing Ni-silicide/Si heterostructured nanowire arrays by glancing angle Ni deposition and solid state reaction on ordered Si nanowire arrays. Samples of ordered Si nanowire arrays were fabricated by nanosphere lithography and metal-induced catalytic etching. Glancing angle Ni deposition deposited Ni only on the top of Si nanowires. When the annealing temperature was 500°C, a Ni3Si2 phase was formed at the apex of the nanowires. The phase of silicide at the Ni-silicide/Si interface depended on the diameter of the Si nanowires, such that epitaxial NiSi2 with a {111} facet was formed at the Ni-silicide/Si interface in Si nanowires with large diameter, and NiSi was formed in Si nanowires with small diameter. A mechanism that is based on flux divergence and a nucleation-limited reaction is proposed to explain this phenomenon of size-dependent phase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Feng Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ru Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hwang-Yuan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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