1
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Bielfeldt M, Budde-Sagert K, Weis N, Buenning M, Staehlke S, Zimmermann J, Arbeiter N, Mobini S, González MU, Rebl H, Uhrmacher A, van Rienen U, Nebe B. Discrimination between the effects of pulsed electrical stimulation and electrochemically conditioned medium on human osteoblasts. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:71. [PMID: 37996914 PMCID: PMC10668359 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation is used for enhanced bone fracture healing. Electrochemical processes occur during the electrical stimulation at the electrodes and influence cellular reactions. Our approach aimed to distinguish between electrochemical and electric field effects on osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. We applied 20 Hz biphasic pulses via platinum electrodes for 2 h. The electrical stimulation of the cell culture medium and subsequent application to cells was compared to directly stimulated cells. The electric field distribution was predicted using a digital twin. RESULTS Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed partial electrolysis at the electrodes, which was confirmed by increased concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the medium. While both direct stimulation and AC-conditioned medium decreased cell adhesion and spreading, only the direct stimulation enhanced the intracellular calcium ions and reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION The electrochemical by-product hydrogen peroxide is not the main contributor to the cellular effects of electrical stimulation. However, undesired effects like decreased adhesion are mediated through electrochemical products in stimulated medium. Detailed characterisation and monitoring of the stimulation set up and electrochemical reactions are necessary to find safe electrical stimulation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Bielfeldt
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Kai Budde-Sagert
- Institute of Communications Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nikolai Weis
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maren Buenning
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Susanne Staehlke
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julius Zimmermann
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nils Arbeiter
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adelinde Uhrmacher
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Barbara Nebe
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
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2
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Cruz DM, Mostafavi E, Vernet-Crua A, O’Connell CP, Barabadi H, Mobini S, Cholula-Díaz JL, Guisbiers G, García-Martín JM, Webster TJ. Green nanotechnology and nanoselenium for biomedical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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3
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Ahmadi S, Alvandi H, Amoabediny G, Anwar M, Asgari M, Barabadi H, Bassous N, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cholula-Díaz JL, Cruz DM, Didandeh M, Fu X, García-Martín JM, Ghadiri AM, Ghosh S, Guisbiers G, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Iftikhar M, Ihsan A, Jain S, Khalid Q, Khan MI, Khan MM, Khan TA, Kumar A, Lee J, Li H, Li M, Liu HH, Lock J, Madni A, Mahato N, Minhas MU, Mobini S, Montazeri M, Mostafavi E, Munir MU, Nahhas AF, O’Connell CP, Oliveira Lobo A, Parimala Chelvi Ratnamani M, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Rahimi F, Rehman M, Sands I, Sarkar B, Sharifi F, Sohail MF, Souderjani AH, Stocco TD, Tahir N, Tariq F, Thongmee S, Truong LB, Vernet-Crua A, Wang H, Webster TJ, Wu K, Yang L, Zhou H. Contributors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.09992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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4
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O’Hara-Wright M, Mobini S, Gonzalez-Cordero A. Bioelectric Potential in Next-Generation Organoids: Electrical Stimulation to Enhance 3D Structures of the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901652. [PMID: 35656553 PMCID: PMC9152151 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived organoid models of the central nervous system represent one of the most exciting areas in in vitro tissue engineering. Classically, organoids of the brain, retina and spinal cord have been generated via recapitulation of in vivo developmental cues, including biochemical and biomechanical. However, a lesser studied cue, bioelectricity, has been shown to regulate central nervous system development and function. In particular, electrical stimulation of neural cells has generated some important phenotypes relating to development and differentiation. Emerging techniques in bioengineering and biomaterials utilise electrical stimulation using conductive polymers. However, state-of-the-art pluripotent stem cell technology has not yet merged with this exciting area of bioelectricity. Here, we discuss recent findings in the field of bioelectricity relating to the central nervous system, possible mechanisms, and how electrical stimulation may be utilised as a novel technique to engineer “next-generation” organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O’Hara-Wright
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anai Gonzalez-Cordero
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Anai Gonzalez-Cordero,
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5
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Mobini S, González MU, Caballero-Calero O, Patrick EE, Martín-González M, García-Martín JM. Effects of nanostructuration on the electrochemical performance of metallic bioelectrodes. Nanoscale 2022; 14:3179-3190. [PMID: 35142756 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06280h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of metallic nanostructures in the fabrication of bioelectrodes (e.g., neural implants) is gaining attention nowadays. Nanostructures provide increased surface area that might benefit the performance of bioelectrodes. However, there is a need for comprehensive studies that assess electrochemical performance of nanostructured surfaces in physiological and relevant working conditions. Here, we introduce a versatile scalable fabrication method based on magnetron sputtering to develop analogous metallic nanocolumnar structures (NCs) and thin films (TFs) from Ti, Au, and Pt. We show that NCs contribute significantly to reduce the impedance of metallic surfaces. Charge storage capacity of Pt NCs is remarkably higher than that of Pt TFs and that of the other metals in both morphologies. Circuit simulations of the electrode/electrolyte interface show that the signal delivered in voltage-controlled systems is less filtered when nanocolumns are used. In a current-controlled system, simulation shows that NCs provide safer stimulation conditions compared to TFs. We have assessed the durability of NCs and TFs for potential use in vivo by reactive accelerated aging test, mimicking one-year in vivo implantation. Although each metal/morphology reveals a unique response to aging, NCs show overall more stable electrochemical properties compared to TFs in spite of their porous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olga Caballero-Calero
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Erin E Patrick
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Center Drive 968, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Marisol Martín-González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Hlavac N, Bousalis D, Ahmad RN, Pallack E, Vela A, Li Y, Mobini S, Patrick E, Schmidt CE. Effects of Varied Stimulation Parameters on Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Response to Low-Level Electrical Fields. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:3401-3411. [PMID: 34704163 PMCID: PMC10947800 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous electrical fields have been explored in regenerative medicine to increase cellular expression of pro-regenerative growth factors. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are attractive for regenerative applications, specifically for neural repair. Little is known about the relationship between low-level electrical stimulation (ES) and ASC regenerative potentiation. In this work, patterns of ASC expression and secretion of growth factors (i.e., secretome) were explored across a range of ES parameters. ASCs were stimulated with low-level stimulation (20 mV/mm) at varied pulse frequencies, durations, and with alternating versus direct current. Frequency and duration had the most significant effects on growth factor expression. While a range of stimulation frequencies (1, 20, 1000 Hz) applied intermittently (1 h × 3 days) induced upregulation of general wound healing factors, neural-specific factors were only increased at 1 Hz. Moreover, the most optimal expression of neural growth factors was achieved when ASCs were exposed to 1 Hz pulses continuously for 24 h. In evaluation of secretome, apparent inconsistencies were observed across biological replications. Nonetheless, ASC secretome (from 1 Hz, 24 h ES) caused significant increase in neurite extension compared to non-stimulated control. Overall, ASCs are sensitive to ES parameters at low field strengths, notably pulse frequency and stimulation duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hlavac
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Deanna Bousalis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Raffae N Ahmad
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Emily Pallack
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Angelique Vela
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sahba Mobini
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN- CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erin Patrick
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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7
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Srirussamee K, Xue R, Mobini S, Cassidy NJ, Cartmell SH. Changes in the extracellular microenvironment and osteogenic responses of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells induced by in vitro direct electrical stimulation. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731420974147. [PMID: 33643602 PMCID: PMC7894594 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420974147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) has potential to be an effective tool for bone injury treatment in clinics. However, the therapeutic mechanism associated with ES is still being discussed. This study aims to investigate the initial mechanism of action by characterising the physical and chemical changes in the extracellular environment during ES and correlate them with the responses of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Computational modelling was used to estimate the electrical potentials relative to the cathode and the current density across the cell monolayer. We showed expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2, c-FOS, c-JUN, and SPP1 mRNAs, as well as the increased metabolic activities of MSCs at different time points. Moreover, the average of 2.5 μM of H2O2 and 34 μg/L of dissolved Pt were measured from the electrically stimulated media (ES media), which also corresponded with the increases in SPP1 mRNA expression and cell metabolic activities. The addition of sodium pyruvate to the ES media as an antioxidant did not alter the SPP1 mRNA expression, but eliminated an increase in cell metabolic activities induced by ES media treatment. These findings suggest that H2O2 was influencing cell metabolic activity, whereas SPP1 mRNA expression was regulated by other faradic by-products. This study reveals how different electrical stimulation regime alters cellular regenerative responses and the roles of faradic by-products, that might be used as a physical tool to guide and control cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasama Srirussamee
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ruikang Xue
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nigel J Cassidy
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah H Cartmell
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Mobini S, Kuliasha CA, Siders ZA, Bohmann NA, Jamal SM, Judy JW, Schmidt CE, Brennan AB. Microtopographical patterns promote different responses in fibroblasts and Schwann cells: A possible feature for neural implants. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:64-76. [PMID: 32419308 PMCID: PMC8059778 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The chronic reliability of bioelectronic neural interfaces has been challenged by foreign body reactions (FBRs) resulting in fibrotic encapsulation and poor integration with neural tissue. Engineered microtopographies could alleviate these challenges by manipulating cellular responses to the implanted device. Parallel microchannels have been shown to modulate neuronal cell alignment and axonal growth, and Sharklet™ microtopographies of targeted feature sizes can modulate bio-adhesion of an array of bacteria, marine organisms, and epithelial cells due to their unique geometry. We hypothesized that a Sharklet™ micropattern could be identified that inhibited fibroblasts partially responsible for FBR while promoting Schwann cell proliferation and alignment. in vitro cell assays were used to screen the effect of Sharklet™ and channel micropatterns of varying dimensions from 2 to 20 μm on fibroblast and Schwann cell metrics (e.g., morphology/alignment, nuclei count, metabolic activity), and a hierarchical analysis of variance was used to compare treatments. In general, Schwann cells were found to be more metabolically active and aligned than fibroblasts when compared between the same pattern. 20 μm wide channels spaced 2 μm apart were found to promote Schwann cell attachment and alignment while simultaneously inhibiting fibroblasts and warrant further in vivo study on neural interface devices. No statistically significant trends between cellular responses and geometrical parameters were identified because mammalian cells can change their morphology dependent on their environment in a manner dissimilar to bacteria. Our results showed although surface patterning is a strong physical tool for modulating cell behavior, responses to micropatterns are highly dependent on the cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahba Mobini
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida, USA
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Cary A. Kuliasha
- Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology, University of Florida, USA
| | - Zachary A. Siders
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, USA
| | - Nicole A. Bohmann
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida, USA
| | - Syed-Mustafa Jamal
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida, USA
| | - Jack W. Judy
- Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology, University of Florida, USA
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida, USA
| | - Anthony B. Brennan
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Florida, USA
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9
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McCrary MW, Bousalis D, Mobini S, Song YH, Schmidt CE. Decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro modeling of healthy and diseased tissues. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:1-19. [PMID: 32464269 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical engineers are at the forefront of developing novel treatments to improve human health, however, many products fail to translate to clinical implementation. In vivo pre-clinical animal models, although the current best approximation of complex disease conditions, are limited by reproducibility, ethical concerns, and poor accurate prediction of human response. Hence, there is a need to develop physiologically relevant, low cost, scalable, and reproducible in vitro platforms to provide reliable means for testing drugs, biomaterials, and tissue engineered products for successful clinical translation. One emerging approach of developing physiologically relevant in vitro models utilizes decellularized tissues/organs as biomaterial platforms for 2D and 3D models of healthy and diseased tissue. Decellularization is a process that removes cellular content and produces tissue-specific extracellular matrix scaffolds that can more accurately recapitulate an organ/tissue's native microenvironment compared to other natural or synthetic materials. Decellularized tissues hold enormous potential for in vitro modeling of various disease phenotypes and tissue responses to drugs or external conditions such as aging, toxin exposure, or even implantation. In this review, we highlight the need for in vitro models, the advantages and limitations of implementing decellularized tissues, and considerations of the decellularization process. We discuss current research efforts towards applying decellularized tissues as platforms to generate in vitro models of healthy and diseased tissues, and where we foresee the field progressing. A variety of organs/tissues are discussed, including brain, heart, kidney, large intestine, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, skin, and tongue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Many biomedical products fail to reach clinical translation due to animal model limitations. Development of physiologically relevant in vitro models can provide a more economic, scalable, and reproducible means of testing drugs/therapeutics for successful clinical translation. The use of decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro models holds promise, as these scaffolds can effectively replicate native tissue complexity, but is not widely explored. This review discusses the need for in vitro models, the promise of decellularized tissues as biomaterial substrates, and the current research applying decellularized tissues towards the creation of in vitro models. Further, this review provides insights into the current limitations and future of such in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Deanna Bousalis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Sahba Mobini
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Instituto de Micro y Nanotechnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Calle Isaac Newton 8, 28760 Madrid, Tres Cantos, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 134 White Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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Bousalis D, Lacko CS, Hlavac N, Alkassis F, Wachs RA, Mobini S, Schmidt CE, Kasahara H. Extracellular Matrix Disparities in an Nkx2-5 Mutant Mouse Model of Congenital Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:93. [PMID: 32548129 PMCID: PMC7272573 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects almost one percent of all live births. Despite diagnostic and surgical reparative advances, the causes and mechanisms of CHD are still primarily unknown. The extracellular matrix plays a large role in cell communication, function, and differentiation, and therefore likely plays a role in disease development and pathophysiology. Cell adhesion and gap junction proteins, such as integrins and connexins, are also essential to cellular communication and behavior, and could interact directly (integrins) or indirectly (connexins) with the extracellular matrix. In this work, we explore disparities in the expression and spatial patterning of extracellular matrix, adhesion, and gap junction proteins between wild type and Nkx2-5 +/R52G mutant mice. Decellularization and proteomic analysis, Western blotting, histology, immunostaining, and mechanical assessment of embryonic and neonatal wild type and Nkx2-5 mutant mouse hearts were performed. An increased abundance of collagen IV, fibronectin, and integrin β-1 was found in Nkx2-5 mutant neonatal mouse hearts, as well as increased expression of connexin 43 in embryonic mutant hearts. Furthermore, a ventricular noncompaction phenotype was observed in both embryonic and neonatal mutant hearts, as well as spatial disorganization of ECM proteins collagen IV and laminin in mutant hearts. Characterizing such properties in a mutant mouse model provides valuable information that can be applied to better understanding the mechanisms of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Bousalis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher S Lacko
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nora Hlavac
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fariz Alkassis
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rebecca A Wachs
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Spearman BS, Agrawal NK, Rubiano A, Simmons CS, Mobini S, Schmidt CE. Tunable methacrylated hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels as scaffolds for soft tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:279-291. [PMID: 31606936 PMCID: PMC8591545 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based biomaterials have been explored for a number of applications in biomedical engineering, particularly as tissue regeneration scaffolds. Crosslinked forms of HA are more robust and provide tunable mechanical properties and degradation rates that are critical in regenerative medicine; however, crosslinking modalities reported in the literature vary and there are few comparisons of different scaffold properties for various crosslinking approaches. In this study, we offer direct comparison of two methacrylation techniques for HA (glycidyl methacrylate HA [GMHA] or methacrylic anhydride HA [MAHA]). The two methods for methacrylating HA provide degrees of methacrylation ranging from 2.4 to 86%, reflecting a wider range of properties than is possible using only a single methacrylation technique. We have also characterized mechanical properties for nine different tissues isolated from rat (ranging from lung at the softest to muscle at the stiffest) using indentation techniques and show that we can match the full range of mechanical properties (0.35-6.13 kPa) using either GMHA or MAHA. To illustrate utility for neural tissue engineering applications, functional hydrogels with adhesive proteins (either GMHA or MAHA base hydrogels with collagen I and laminin) were designed with effective moduli mechanically matched to rat sciatic nerve (2.47 ± 0.31 kPa). We demonstrated ability of these hydrogels to support three-dimensional axonal elongation from dorsal root ganglia cultures. Overall, we have shown that methacrylated HA provides a tunable platform with a wide range of properties for use in soft tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Spearman
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Nikunj K. Agrawal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Andrés Rubiano
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Chelsey S. Simmons
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Sahba Mobini
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Srirussamee K, Mobini S, Cassidy NJ, Cartmell SH. Direct electrical stimulation enhances osteogenesis by inducing Bmp2 and Spp1 expressions from macrophages and preosteoblasts. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3421-3432. [PMID: 31429922 PMCID: PMC6899728 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The capability of electrical stimulation (ES) in promoting bone regeneration has already been addressed in clinical studies. However, its mechanism is still being investigated and discussed. This study aims to investigate the responses of macrophages (J774A.1) and preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) to ES and the faradic by-products from ES. It is found that pH of the culture media was not significantly changed, whereas the average hydrogen peroxide concentration was increased by 3.6 and 5.4 µM after 1 and 2 hr of ES, respectively. The upregulation of Bmp2 and Spp1 messenger RNAs was observed after 3 days of stimulation, which is consistent among two cell types. It is also found that Spp1 expression of macrophages was partially enhanced by faradic by-products. Osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts was not observed during the early stage of ES as the level of Runx2 expression remains unchanged. However, cell proliferation was impaired by the excessive current density from the electrodes, and also faradic by-products in the case of macrophages. This study shows that macrophages could respond to ES and potentially contribute to the bone formation alongside preosteoblasts. The upregulation of Bmp2 and Spp1 expressions induced by ES could be one of the mechanisms behind the electrically stimulated osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nigel J Cassidy
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah H Cartmell
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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13
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Arasteh S, Khanjani S, Golshahi H, Mobini S, Jahed MT, Heidari-Vala H, Edalatkhah H, Kazemnejad S. Efficient Wound Healing Using a Synthetic Nanofibrous Bilayer Skin Substitute in Murine Model. J Surg Res 2019; 245:31-44. [PMID: 31400575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of full-thickness skin wounds with minimal scarring and complete restoration of native tissue properties still exists as a clinical challenge. A bilayer skin substitute was fabricated by coating human amniotic membrane (AM) with electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers, and its in vivo biological behavior was studied using murine full-thickness skin wound model. Donut-shaped silicon splints were utilized to prevent wound contraction in mouse skin and simulate re-epithelialization, which is the normal path of human wound healing. Skin regeneration using the bilayer scaffold was compared with AM and untreated defect after 30 d. Tissue samples were taken from healed wound areas and investigated through histopathological and immunohistochemical staining to visualize involucrin (IVL), P63, collagen I, CD31, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, mRNA expression of IVL, P63, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 was studied. The application of bilayer scaffold resulted in the best epidermal and dermal regeneration, demonstrated by histopathological examination and molecular analysis. In regenerated wounds of the bilayer scaffold group, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2) were downregulated, and the expression pattern of keratinocyte markers (IVL and P63) at both mRNA and protein levels was more similar to native tissue in comparison with AM and no-treatment groups. There was no significant difference in the expression level of collagen I, CD31, and vascular endothelial growth factor among different groups. Conclusively, these promising results serve as a supporting evidence for proceeding to clinical phase to examine the capacity of this bilayer scaffold for human skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Arasteh
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayeh Khanjani
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hannaneh Golshahi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Haleh Edalatkhah
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Berndtsson R, Becker P, Persson A, Aspegren H, Haghighatafshar S, Jönsson K, Larsson R, Mobini S, Mottaghi M, Nilsson J, Nordström J, Pilesjö P, Scholz M, Sternudd C, Sörensen J, Tussupova K. Drivers of changing urban flood risk: A framework for action. J Environ Manage 2019; 240:47-56. [PMID: 30928794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on drivers for changing urban flood risk. We suggest a framework for guiding climate change adaptation action concerning flood risk and manageability in cities. The identified key drivers of changing flood hazard and vulnerability are used to provide an overview of each driver's impact on flood risk and manageability at the city level. We find that identified drivers for urban flood risk can be grouped in three different priority areas with different time horizon. The first group has high impact but is manageable at city level. Typical drivers in this group are related to the physical environment such as decreasing permeability and unresponsive engineering. The second group of drivers is represented by public awareness and individual willingness to participate and urbanization and urban sprawl. These drivers may be important and are manageable for the cities and they involve both short-term and long-term measures. The third group of drivers is related to policy and long-term changes. This group is represented by economic growth and increasing values at risk, climate change, and increasing complexity of society. They have all high impact but low manageability. Managing these drivers needs to be done in a longer time perspective, e.g., by developing long-term policies and exchange of ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Berndtsson
- Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - P Becker
- Risk Management and Societal Safety, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - A Persson
- GIS Centre/Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - H Aspegren
- Water and Environmental Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; VA SYD, SE-211 20 Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Haghighatafshar
- Water and Environmental Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Jönsson
- Water and Environmental Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - R Larsson
- Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Mobini
- Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Mottaghi
- Water and Environmental Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; VA SYD, SE-211 20 Malmö, Sweden; Architecture and Built Environment, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Nilsson
- Faculty of Culture and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Nordström
- AgriFood, Economics Centre, Lund University, SE-220 07, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Pilesjö
- Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; GIS Centre/Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Scholz
- Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; Department of Civil Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa; Directorate of Civil Engineering, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - C Sternudd
- Architecture and Built Environment, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Sörensen
- Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Tussupova
- Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; Center for Transfer of Technology, Karaganda State Medical University, 100004, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
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15
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Kazemnejad S, Khanmohammadi M, Mobini S, Taghizadeh-Jahed M, Khanjani S, Arasteh S, Golshahi H, Torkaman G, Ravanbod R, Heidari-Vala H, Moshiri A, Tahmasebi MN, Akhondi MM. Correction to: "Comparative repair capacity of knee osteochondral defects using regenerated silk fiber scaffolds and fibrin glue with/without autologous chondrocyes during 36 weeks in rabbit model. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:283-284. [PMID: 31131429 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The published online of the original version contains mistakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), P.O. Box: 19615-1177, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manijeh Khanmohammadi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), P.O. Box: 19615-1177, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), P.O. Box: 19615-1177, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Taghizadeh-Jahed
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), P.O. Box: 19615-1177, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayeh Khanjani
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), P.O. Box: 19615-1177, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Arasteh
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), P.O. Box: 19615-1177, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hannaneh Golshahi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giti Torkaman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ravanbod
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Heidari-Vala
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), P.O. Box: 19615-1177, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Moshiri
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Mehdi Akhondi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), P.O. Box: 19615-1177, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Mobini S, Song YH, McCrary MW, Schmidt CE. Advances in ex vivo models and lab-on-a-chip devices for neural tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2019; 198:146-166. [PMID: 29880219 PMCID: PMC6957334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The technologies related to ex vivo models and lab-on-a-chip devices for studying the regeneration of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve tissues are essential tools for neural tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research. The need for ex vivo systems, lab-on-a-chip technologies and disease models for neural tissue engineering applications are emerging to overcome the shortages and drawbacks of traditional in vitro systems and animal models. Ex vivo models have evolved from traditional 2D cell culture models to 3D tissue-engineered scaffold systems, bioreactors, and recently organoid test beds. In addition to ex vivo model systems, we discuss lab-on-a-chip devices and technologies specifically for neural tissue engineering applications. Finally, we review current commercial products that mimic diseased and normal neural tissues, and discuss the future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahba Mobini
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Leppik L, Bhavsar MB, Oliveira KMC, Eischen-Loges M, Mobini S, Barker JH. Construction and Use of an Electrical Stimulation Chamber for Enhancing Osteogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells In Vitro. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30774122 DOI: 10.3791/59127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been used extensively to promote bone healing in tissue engineering approaches. Electrical stimulation (EStim) has been demonstrated to increase MSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro and promote bone healing in clinical settings. Here we describe the construction of an EStim cell culture chamber and its use in treating rat bone-marrow-derived MSC to enhance osteogenic differentiation. We found that treating MSCs with EStim for 7 days results in a significant increase in the osteogenic differentiation, and importantly, this pro-osteogenic effect persists long after (7 days) EStim is discontinued. This approach of pretreating MSCs with EStim to enhance osteogenic differentiation could be used to optimize bone tissue engineering treatment outcomes and, thus, help them to achieve their full therapeutic potential. In addition to this application, this EStim cell culture chamber and protocol can also be used to investigate other EStim-sensitive cell behaviors, such as migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and scaffold attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Leppik
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University;
| | - Mit B Bhavsar
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University
| | - Karla M C Oliveira
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University
| | - Maria Eischen-Loges
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida
| | - John H Barker
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University
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18
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Rahimi M, Zarnani AH, Mobini S, Khorasani S, Darzi M, Kazemnejad S. Comparative effectiveness of three-dimensional scaffold, differentiation media and co-culture with native cardiomyocytes to trigger in vitro cardiogenic differentiation of menstrual blood and bone marrow stem cells. Biologicals 2018; 54:13-21. [PMID: 29884574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to find effectiveness of 3D silk fibroin scaffold in comparison with co-culturing in presence of native cardiomyocytes on cardiac differentiation propensity of menstural blood(MenSCs)-versus bone marrow-derived stem-cells (BMSCs). We showed that both 3D fibroin scaffold and co-culture system supported efficient cardiomyogenic differentiation of MenSCs and BMSCs, as judged by the expression of cardiac-specific genes and proteins, Connexin-43, Connexin-40, alpha Actinin (ACTN-2), Tropomyosin1 (TPM1) and Cardiac Troponin T (TNNT2). No significant difference (except for higher expression of ACTN-2 in co-cultured MenSCs) was found between differentiation potential of the cells cultured in 3D fibroin scaffold and co-culture system. Collectively, our results imply that inductive signals served by biological factors of native cardiomyocytes to trigger cardiogenic differentiation of stem-cells may be efficiently provided by natural and biocompatible 3D fibroin scaffold suggesting the usefulness of this construct for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Khorasani
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Darzi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Spearman BS, Desai VH, Mobini S, McDermott MD, Graham JB, Otto KJ, Judy JW, Schmidt CE. Tissue-Engineered Peripheral Nerve Interfaces. Adv Funct Mater 2018; 28:1701713. [PMID: 37829558 PMCID: PMC10569514 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201701713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Research on neural interfaces has historically concentrated on development of systems for the brain; however, there is increasing interest in peripheral nerve interfaces (PNIs) that could provide benefit when peripheral nerve function is compromised, such as for amputees. Efforts focus on designing scalable and high-performance sensory and motor peripheral nervous system interfaces. Current PNIs face several design challenges such as undersampling of signals from the thousands of axons, nerve-fiber selectivity, and device-tissue integration. To improve PNIs, several researchers have turned to tissue engineering. Peripheral nerve tissue engineering has focused on designing regeneration scaffolds that mimic normal nerve extracellular matrix composition, provide advanced microarchitecture to stimulate cell migration, and have mechanical properties like the native nerve. By combining PNIs with tissue engineering, the goal is to promote natural axon regeneration into the devices to facilitate close contact with electrodes; in contrast, traditional PNIs rely on insertion or placement of electrodes into or around existing nerves, or do not utilize materials to actively facilitate axon regeneration. This review presents the state-of-the-art of PNIs and nerve tissue engineering, highlights recent approaches to combine neural-interface technology and tissue engineering, and addresses the remaining challenges with foreign-body response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Spearman
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., BMS Building JG-56, 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131
| | - Vidhi H Desai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Florida, 216 Larsen Hall, 116200, Gainesville, FL 32611-6200
- Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology, The University of Florida, 1041 Center Drive, 116621, Gainesville, FL 32611-6621
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., BMS Building JG-56, 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131
| | - Matthew D McDermott
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., BMS Building JG-56, 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2032
| | - James B Graham
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., BMS Building JG-56, 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131
| | - Kevin J Otto
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., BMS Building JG-56, 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131
- Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology, The University of Florida, 1041 Center Drive, 116621, Gainesville, FL 32611-6621
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Room L1-100, 100244, Gainesville, FL 32610-0244
- Department of Neurology, The University of Florida, 2000 SW Archer Rd., Third Floor, 100383, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jack W Judy
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., BMS Building JG-56, 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Florida, 216 Larsen Hall, 116200, Gainesville, FL 32611-6200
- Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology, The University of Florida, 1041 Center Drive, 116621, Gainesville, FL 32611-6621
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., BMS Building JG-56, 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131
- Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology, The University of Florida, 1041 Center Drive, 116621, Gainesville, FL 32611-6621
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Mobini S, Spearman BS, Lacko CS, Schmidt CE. Recent advances in strategies for peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Mobini S, Talts ÜL, Xue R, Cassidy NJ, Cartmell SH. Electrical Stimulation Changes Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Orientation and Cytoskeleton Organization. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2017.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Mobini S, Leppik L, Thottakkattumana Parameswaran V, Barker JH. In vitro effect of direct current electrical stimulation on rat mesenchymal stem cells. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2821. [PMID: 28097053 PMCID: PMC5237370 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electrical stimulation (ES) has been successfully used to treat bone defects clinically. Recently, both cellular and molecular approaches have demonstrated that ES can change cell behavior such as migration, proliferation and differentiation. Methods In the present study we exposed rat bone marrow- (BM-) and adipose tissue- (AT-) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to direct current electrical stimulation (DC ES) and assessed temporal changes in osteogenic differentiation. We applied 100 mV/mm of DC ES for 1 h per day for three, seven and 14 days to cells cultivated in osteogenic differentiation medium and assessed viability and calcium deposition at the different time points. In addition, expression of osteogenic genes, Runx2, Osteopontin, and Col1A2 was assessed in BM- and AT-derived MSCs at the different time points. Results Results showed that ES changed osteogenic gene expression patterns in both BM- and AT-MSCs, and these changes differed between the two groups. In BM-MSCs, ES caused a significant increase in mRNA levels of Runx2, Osteopontin and Col1A2 at day 7, while in AT-MSCs, the increase in Runx2 and Osteopontin expression were observed after 14 days of ES. Discussion This study shows that rat bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived stem cells react differently to electrical stimuli, an observation that could be important for application of electrical stimulation in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahba Mobini
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,School of Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Liudmila Leppik
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vishnu Thottakkattumana Parameswaran
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - John Howard Barker
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Sadeghnia S, Akhondi MM, Hossein G, Mobini S, Hosseini L, Naderi MM, Boroujeni SB, Sarvari A, Behzadi B, Shirazi A. Development of sheep primordial follicles encapsulated in alginate or in ovarian tissue in fresh and vitrified samples. Cryobiology 2016; 72:100-5. [PMID: 26968252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro follicle growth is a promising strategy for female fertility preservation. This study was conducted to compare the development of ovine follicles either isolated or in the context of ovarian cortical pieces after short term (8 days) three-dimensional culture in fresh and vitrified samples. Four different experiments were conducted; I) culture of ovarian cortical pieces encapsulated in 0.5% and 1% alginate and without alginate encapsulation (CP-0.5%, CP-1% and CP, respectively), II) culture of isolated primordial and primary follicles encapsulated in 1% and 2% alginate (IF-1% and IF-2%, respectively), III) culture of fresh and vitrified-warmed cortical pieces (F-CP and Vit-CP, respectively), and IV) culture of fresh and vitrified-warmed encapsulated isolated follicles (F-IF and Vit-IF, respectively). The number of secondary follicles after culture was negatively influenced by encapsulation of ovarian cortical pieces (6.3 ± 3.3 and 10.6 ± 0.9 vs 21.5 ± 2.3 in CP-0.5% and CP-1% vs CP, respectively). The diameter of follicles in IF-2% was higher than IF-1% (54.06 ± 2 vs 41.9 ± 1.5) and no significant difference in follicular viability was observed between the two groups. The proportions of different follicular types and their viability after culture in vitrified-warmed cortical pieces were comparable with fresh ones. The viability of vitrified-warmed isolated follicles was lower than fresh counterparts. The growth rate of fresh follicles was higher than vitrified-warmed follicles after culture (47.9 ± 1 vs 44.6 ± 1). In conclusion, while encapsulation of ovarian cortical pieces decreased the follicles' development, it could better support the growth of isolated follicles. Moreover, the viability and growth rate of isolated-encapsulated follicles was decreased by vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sadeghnia
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Biology, University College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Akhondi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghamartaj Hossein
- Department of Physiology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Biology, University College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Hosseini
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Naderi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Borjian Boroujeni
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sarvari
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Behzadi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shirazi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Mobini S, Taghizadeh-Jahed M, Khanmohammadi M, Moshiri A, Naderi MM, Heidari-Vala H, Ashrafi Helan J, Khanjani S, Springer A, Akhondi MM, Kazemnejad S. Comparative evaluation of in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability of regenerated silk scaffolds reinforced with/without natural silk fibers. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:793-809. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328215601925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, exceptional advantages of silk fibroin over synthetic and natural polymers have impelled the scientists to application of this biomaterial for tissue engineering purposes. Recently, we showed that embedding natural degummed silk fibers in regenerated Bombyx mori silk-based scaffold significantly increases the mechanical stiffness, while the porosity of the scaffolds remains the same. In the present study, we evaluated degradation rate, biocompatibility and regenerative properties of the regenerated 2% and 4% wt silk-based composite scaffolds with or without embedded natural degummed silk fibers within 90 days in both athymic nude and wild-type C57BL/6 mice through subcutaneous implantation. In all scaffolds, a suitable interconnected porous structure for cell penetration was seen under scanning electron microscopy. Compressive tests revealed a functional relationship between fiber reinforcement and compressive modulus. In addition, the fiber/fibroin composite scaffolds support cell attachment and proliferation. On days 30 to 90 after subcutaneous implantation, the retrieved tissues were examined via gross morphology, histopathology, immunofluorescence staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction as shown in Figure 1 . Results showed that embedding the silk fibers within the matrix enhances the biodegradability of the matrix resulting in replacement of the composite scaffolds with the fresh connective tissue. Fortification of the composites with degummed fibers not only regulates the degradation profile but also increases the mechanical performance of the scaffolds. This report also confirmed that pore size and structure play an important role in the degradation rate. In conclusion, the findings of the present study narrate key role of additional surface area in improving in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the scaffolds and suggest the potential ability of these fabricated composite scaffolds for connective tissue regeneration. [Figure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahba Mobini
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Taghizadeh-Jahed
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Khanmohammadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Moshiri
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Naderi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Heidari-Vala
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ashrafi Helan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sayeh Khanjani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Springer
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty of Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Akhondi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Whitley N, Oh SH, Lee S, Schoenian S, Kaplan R, Storey B, Terrill T, Mobini S, Burke J, Miller J, Perdue M. Impact of integrated gastrointestinal nematode management training for U.S. goat and sheep producers. Vet Parasitol 2014; 200:271-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rahimi M, Mohseni-Kouchesfehani H, Zarnani AH, Mobini S, Nikoo S, Kazemnejad S. Evaluation of menstrual blood stem cells seeded in biocompatible Bombyx mori silk fibroin scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:199-208. [PMID: 24445773 DOI: 10.1177/0885328213519835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, silk fibroin scaffolds have been introduced as novel and promising biomaterials in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. This study was designed to compare infiltration, proliferation, and cardiac differentiation potential of menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) versus bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in Bombyx mori-derived silk scaffold. Our primary data revealed that the fabricated scaffold has mechanical and physical qualities suitable for cardiac tissue engineering. The MenSCs tracking in scaffolds using immunofluorescent staining and scanning electron microscopy confirmed MenSCs attachment, penetration, and distribution within the porous scaffold matrix. Based on proliferation assay using propidium iodide DNA quantification, the significantly higher level of growth rates of both MenSCs and BMSCs was documented in scaffolds than that in two-dimensional culture (p < 0.01). The expression level of TNNT2, a bona fide cardiac differentiation marker, in BMSCs differentiated on silk scaffolds was markedly higher than those cultured in two-dimensional culture indicating the improvement of cardiac differentiation in the silk scaffolds. Furthermore, differentiated MenSCs exhibited higher expression of TNNT2 compared with induced BMSCs. It seems that silk scaffold-seeded MenSCs could be viewed as a novel, safe, natural, and accessible construct for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Nikoo
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Mobini S, Hoyer B, Solati-Hashjin M, Lode A, Nosoudi N, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Gelinsky M. Fabrication and characterization of regenerated silk scaffolds reinforced with natural silk fibers for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2392-404. [PMID: 23436754 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a novel Bombyx mori silk-based composite material developed for bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional scaffolds were fabricated by embedding of natural degummed silk fibers in a matrix of regenerated fibroin, followed by freeze-drying. Different ratios of fibers to fibroin were investigated with respect to their influence on mechanical and biological properties. For all scaffold types, an interconnected porous structure suitable for cell penetration was proven by scanning electron microscopy. Compressive tests, carried out in static and cyclic mode under dry as well as wet conditions, revealed a strong impact of fiber reinforcement on compressive modulus and compressive stress. Cell culture experiments with human mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated that the fiber/fibroin composite scaffolds support cell attachment, proliferation, as well as differentiation along the osteoblastic lineage. Considering the excellent mechanical and biological properties, novel fiber/fibroin scaffolds appear to be an interesting structure for prospect studies in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahba Mobini
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Nejad SJ, Esmaili J, Beitollahi A, Ghazi-Khansari M, Mobini S. The in vitro effect of nano iron oxide coated by dextran on PC12 cell line. Toxicol Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gould N, Mobini S, Leitch M, Yeomans M. Conditioned satiety in humans revisited. Appetite 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yeomans M, Gould N, Mobini S, Chambers L. Heightened responses to the hedonic qualities of sucrose in olfactory conditioning for women scoring high on the three-factor eating questionnaire disinhibition scale. Appetite 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mobini S, Leitch M, Gould N, Yeomans M. Differential hedonic, sensory and behavioural changes associated with flavour–nutrient and flavour–flavour learning. Appetite 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Burke JM, Kaplan RM, Miller JE, Terrill TH, Getz WR, Mobini S, Valencia E, Williams MJ, Williamson LH, Vatta AF. Accuracy of the FAMACHA system for on-farm use by sheep and goat producers in the southeastern United States. Vet Parasitol 2007; 147:89-95. [PMID: 17482368 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
FAMACHA is a practical on-farm system designed to provide small ruminant producers a tool for improving their management of Haemonchus contortus infections. Although this system has become very popular and widely accepted by small ruminant producers in many regions of the southern United States, there is very limited data reported on the effectiveness of the FAMACHA system when performed by farmers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the FAMACHA system for on-farm use by small ruminant producers during the summer season. Small ruminant producers from Georgia, Louisiana, Florida, and Puerto Rico were trained to use the FAMACHA system by veterinarians and scientists experienced with this method. FAMACHA scores were assigned at least every 2 weeks by producers to weaned and mature sheep (n=552) and goats (n=676) of various breeds and ages between April and September 2004. At intervals that varied among farms from 2 to 8 weeks, researchers determined body condition scores (BCS; 1=thin and 5=fat) and collected blood and feces from a group of animals selected randomly to determine packed cell volume (PCV) and fecal egg counts (FEC). Two separate anemia thresholds were evaluated; these were defined by either FAMACHA score (>or=3 versus >or=4) or PCV (<or=19 versus <or=15%). The correlation between FAMACHA scores and PCV or FEC was high for both sheep and goats (P<0.001). Specificity was maximized when FAMACHA scores of 4 and 5 were considered anemic, but sensitivity was low. Sensitivity for detecting anemic animals was 50% for sheep and 89% for goats when eye score values of >or=3 were considered anemic and PCV cutoff was <or=15%. The percentage of false negatives (anemic animals not identified by FAMACHA evaluation) was less than 5% in sheep and less than 1% in goats when FAMACHA scores>or=3 were considered anemic and PCV cutoff was <or=15%. In both sheep and goats, predictive value of a negative was greater than 90% for all anemia and eye score categories. These data indicate that the FAMACHA method used by producers is a valuable tool for identifying anemic sheep and goats in the southern United States and Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Burke
- Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA, ARS, Booneville, AR 72927, USA.
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Kaplan RM, Burke JM, Terrill TH, Miller JE, Getz WR, Mobini S, Valencia E, Williams MJ, Williamson LH, Larsen M, Vatta AF. Validation of the FAMACHA© eye color chart for detecting clinical anemia in sheep and goats on farms in the southern United States. Vet Parasitol 2004; 123:105-20. [PMID: 15265575 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on sheep and goat farms in the southern United States indicate that multiple-anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus is becoming a severe problem. Though many factors are involved in the evolution of resistance, the proportion of the parasite population under drug selection is believed to be the single most important factor influencing how rapidly resistance develops. Therefore, where prevention of resistance is an important parallel goal of worm control, it is recommended to leave a portion of the animals untreated. Recently, a novel system called FAMACHA was developed in South Africa, which enables clinical identification of anemic sheep and goats. When H. contortus is the primary parasitic pathogen, this system can be applied on the farm level to reduce the number of treatments administered, thereby increasing the proportion of the worm population in refugia. Since most studies validating the FAMACHA method have been performed in South Africa, it is important that the method be tested in other regions before its use is broadly recommended. We performed a validation study of FAMACHA by testing the system in sheep (n = 847) and goats (n = 537) of various breeds and ages from 39 farms located in Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Florida, and the US Virgin Islands. The color of the ocular conjunctiva of all animals were scored on a 1-5 scale using the FAMACHA card, and blood samples were collected from each animal for determination of packed cell volume (PCV). Fecal samples were also collected from a majority of the animals tested for performance of fecal egg counts (FEC). Correlations between PCV and eye scores, PCV and FEC, and FEC and eye scores were all highly significant for both sheep and goats (P < 0.001). Data for both FAMACHA scores and PCV were evaluated using two separate criteria for anemia: eye score values of 3, 4 and 5 or 4 and 5, and PCV values of < or =19 or < or =15 were considered anemic. Specificity was maximized when eye score values of 4 and 5 were considered anemic and PCV cut off for anemia was < or =19, but sensitivity was low. In contrast, sensitivity was 100% for both sheep and goats when eye score values of 3, 4 and 5 were considered anemic and PCV cut off was < or =15, but specificity was low. In both sheep and goats, predictive value of a negative was greater than 92% for all anemia and eye score categories, and was greater than 99% for both eye score categories when an anemia cutoff of < or =15 was used. Predictive value of a positive test was low under all criteria indicating that many non-anemic animals would be treated using this system. However, compared to conventional dosing practices where all animals are treated, a large proportion of animals would still be left untreated. These data indicate that the FAMACHA method is an extremely useful tool for identifying anemic sheep and goats in the southern US and US Virgin Islands. However, further studies are required to determine optimal strategies for incorporating FAMACHA-based selective treatment protocols into integrated nematode control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Kaplan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Abstract
The present study makes a start on characterising the cognitive processes by which physical effects of eating on the senses are transformed into quantitative judgments about perceived characteristics of a food. It was hypothesised that there is a discrete perceptual channel for an aspect of texture sensed during each of the three initial movements of eating a piece of a cookie. The results showed that the force required for initial compression of the surface of the biscuit related to how 'crisp' it was. Scores on 'hard' were sensitive to higher forces being required to bite off a piece. Ratings of crunchiness responded to both amplitude and frequency of the cracks opened up in this heterogeneously structured material during the first crushing of the bitten piece. These findings are being pursued to identify the stimulation patterns more precisely and to measure how the percepts are integrated into judgments of overall texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Booth
- Food Quality and Nutritional Psychology Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Booth D, Mobini S, Earl T, Wainwright C. Consumer-specified Instrumental Quality of Short-dough Cookie Texture Using Penetrometry and Break Force. J Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Body S, Kheramin S, Mobini S, Ho MY, Velazquez-Martinez DN, Bradshaw CM, Szabadi E. Antagonism by WAY-100635 of the effects of 8-OH-DPAT on performance on a free-operant timing schedule in intact and 5-HT-depleted rats. Behav Pharmacol 2002; 13:603-14. [PMID: 12478210 DOI: 10.1097/00008877-200212000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this experiment we examined the effect of a serotonin receptor (5-HT1A) agonist and antagonist WAY-100635 (N-[2-(4-[2-methoxy-phenyl]-1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-N-2-pyridinylcyclohexane-carboxamide) on temporal differentiation, in intact rats and rats whose serotonergic (5-HTergic) pathways had been destroyed by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Thirteen rats received 5,7-DHT-induced lesions of the median and dorsal raphe nuclei; 14 rats received sham lesions. They were trained to press two levers (A and B) in 50-s trials, in which reinforcement was contingent upon responding on A in the first half, and B in the second half, of the trial. Logistic psychophysical curves were fitted to the relative response rate data (percent responding on B, %B), for derivation of timing indices [T50 (time corresponding to %B=50%), slope, Weber fraction] following WAY-100635, 8-OH-DPAT [8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin], combinations of WAY-100635+8-OH-DPAT, and vehicle alone. WAY-100635 (30, 100 and 300 microg/kg, s.c.) did not affect the timing indices. 8-OH-DPAT (100, 200 microg/kg, s.c.) reduced T50 without affecting the Weber fraction. WAY-100635 (300 microg/kg) abolished the effect of 8-OH-DPAT on T50 in both the lesioned and sham-lesioned groups. 5-HT levels in the neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus of the lesioned group were <20% of those in the sham-lesioned group; catecholamine levels were unaffected. The results confirm that 8-OH-DPAT disrupts temporal differentiation in a free-operant psychophysical schedule, reducing T50, and indicate that this effect of 8-OH-DPAT is mediated by postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Body
- Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, UK
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Kheramin S, Body S, Mobini S, Ho MY, Velázquez-Martinez DN, Bradshaw CM, Szabadi E, Deakin JFW, Anderson IM. Effects of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex on inter-temporal choice: a quantitative analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2002; 165:9-17. [PMID: 12474113 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-002-1228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2001] [Accepted: 07/22/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex (OPFC) can cause pathologically impulsive behaviour in humans. Inter-temporal choice behaviour (choice between reinforcers differing in size and delay) has been proposed as a model of "impulsive choice" in animals. OBJECTIVE A quantitative method was used to analyse inter-temporal choice in rats with lesions of the OPFC and sham-lesioned control rats. METHODS Under halothane anaesthesia, rats received injections of the excitotoxin quinolinate into the OPFC (0.1 M, 0.5 micro l; two injections in each hemisphere), or sham lesions (injections of the vehicle). They were trained to press two levers (A and B) for sucrose reinforcement (0.6 M) in discrete-trials schedules. In free-choice trials, a press on A resulted in delivery of 50 micro l of the sucrose solution after a delay d (A); a press on B resulted in delivery of 100 micro l of the same solution after a delay d (B). d (B) was increased progressively across successive blocks of six trials in each session, while d (A) was manipulated systematically across phases of the experiment. The indifference delay, d (B(50)) (value of d (B) corresponding to 50% choice of B) was estimated for each rat in each phase. Linear functions of d (B(50)) versus d (A) were derived, and the parameters of the function compared between the groups. The locations of the lesions were verified histologically at the end of the experiment. RESULTS In both groups, d (B(50)) increased linearly with d (A) ( r(2)>0.98 in each case). The slope of the function was significantly steeper in the lesioned group than the sham-lesioned group, whereas the intercept did not differ significantly between the groups. The brains of the lesioned rats showed extensive atrophy/gliosis of the OPFC, with sparing of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that lesions of the OPFC can alter inter-temporal choice, either promoting or suppressing "impulsive choice", depending upon the relative sizes and delays of the two choice alternatives. Theoretical analysis based on a quantitative model of inter-temporal choice indicates that the pattern of effect of the OPFC lesion is likely to reflect two actions: (i) an increase in the rate of time discounting; (ii) an increase in sensitivity to the ratio of the sizes of two reinforcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kheramin
- Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Room B109, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK
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Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(1A) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) alters performance in discrete-trials timing schedules. 5-HT(1A) receptors occur both presynaptically and postsynaptically, but it is not known which receptor population mediates the effects of 8-OH-DPAT on timing. Rats received intra-raphe injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (n=16) or sham lesions (n=14). They were trained in a discrete-trials psychophysical procedure in which levers were presented at a predetermined time after the onset of each trial (2.5, 7.5,., 47.5 s). A response on lever A was reinforced if lever presentation occurred < 25 s after trial onset; a response on lever B was reinforced if lever presentation occurred >25 s after trial onset. After 70 preliminary sessions, the rats received 8-OH-DPAT (25, 50, 100, 200 microg kg(-1) sc) and saline vehicle. The percentage of responses on lever B (%B) increased as a function of time from trial onset. Under the baseline (vehicle-treatment) condition, performance did not differ between the two groups. 8-OH-DPAT did not alter the indifference point (time corresponding to %B=50%), but dose-dependently increased the Weber fraction in both groups. Forebrain concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the lesioned group were approximately 10% of control levels. The results suggest that the effect of 8-OH-DPAT on performance on discrete-trials timing schedules is mediated by postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Body
- Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Room B109, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, NG7 2UH, Nottingham, UK
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Mobini S, Body S, Ho MY, Bradshaw CM, Szabadi E, Deakin JFW, Anderson IM. Effects of lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex on sensitivity to delayed and probabilistic reinforcement. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2002; 160:290-8. [PMID: 11889498 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-001-0983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2001] [Accepted: 11/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex (OPFC) can cause pathologically impulsive behaviour in humans. Inter-temporal choice behaviour (choice between reinforcers differing in size, delay and/or probability) has been proposed as a model of "impulsive choice" in animals. OBJECTIVE The effect of lesions of the OPFC on rats' inter-temporal choice behaviour was examined in two experiments: (1) rats chose between a smaller immediate reinforcer and a larger delayed reinforcer; (2) rats chose between a smaller certain reinforcer and a larger probabilistic reinforcer. METHODS Under halothane anaesthesia, rats received injections of the excitotoxin quinolinate into the OPFC (0.1 M, 0.5 microl, two injections in each hemisphere), or sham lesions (injections of vehicle). They were trained to press two levers (A and B) for food-pellet reinforcers in discrete-trials schedules. In free-choice trials, a press on A resulted in immediate delivery of one food pellet; a press on B resulted in delivery of two pellets, either following a delay ( d) (experiment 1), or with a probability ( p) <1 (experiment 2). The values of d and p were manipulated across phases of the experiments. The locations of the lesions were verified histologically at the end of the experiment. RESULTS In experiment 1, both groups showed declining choice of lever B as a function of d. The lesioned rats showed significantly shorter indifference delays ( D50: the value of d corresponding to 50% choice of lever B) than the sham-lesioned rats. In experiment 2, both groups showed declining choice of lever B as a function of the odds against delivery of the two-pellet reinforcer, theta ( theta =[1/ p]-1). The lesioned rats showed lower indifference odds ( theta50: the value of theta corresponding to 50% choice of lever B) than the sham-lesioned rats. In both experiments, the lesioned rats showed extensive atrophy of the OPFC, with sparing of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS The results show that lesions of the OPFC can promote preference for the smaller and more immediate, and the smaller and more certain of two reinforcers. The results are consistent with two interpretations: the lesion may have altered (i) the rates of delay and odds discounting, and/or (ii) sensitivity to the ratio of the sizes of the two reinforcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mobini
- Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Room B109, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Body S, Chiang TJ, Mobini S, Ho MY, Bradshaw CM, Szabadi E. Failure of central 5-hydroxytryptamine depletion to alter the effect of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) on timing performance on the free-operant psychophysical procedure. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 158:305-13. [PMID: 11713621 DOI: 10.1007/s002130100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2001] [Accepted: 07/17/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(1A) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) alters temporal differentiation of behaviour on the free-operant psychophysical procedure, displacing the psychophysical curve to the left, thereby reducing the indifference point T(50). However, it is not known whether this effect of 8-OH-DPAT is mediated by an action of the drug at somatodendritic autoreceptors or at postsynaptic receptors. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of 8-OH-DPAT on performance on the free-operant psychophysical procedure in normal (sham-lesioned) rats and in rats whose 5-HTergic pathways had been lesioned by means of intra-raphe injections of the selective neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). METHODS Twelve rats received 5,7-DHT-induced lesions of the median and dorsal raphe nuclei, and twelve received sham lesions. They were trained under the free-operant psychophysical procedure to press two levers (A and B) in 50-s trials, during which reinforcement was provided intermittently for responding on A in the first half and B in the second half of the trial. Percentage responding on B (%B) was recorded in successive 5-s epochs of the trials; logistic psychophysical curves were fitted to the data from each rat for the derivation of timing indices [T(50) (time corresponding to %B=50%) and Weber fraction] following treatment with acute doses of 8-OH-DPAT (25, 50, 100, 200 microg kg(-1), s.c.) and saline (vehicle-alone treatment). Levels of 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), noradrenaline and dopamine were measured in forebrain regions after the completion of the experiment. RESULTS Under the vehicle-alone condition, the lesioned group displayed a greater propensity for switching between the levers, but T(50) and the Weber fraction did not differ between the groups. In both groups, 8-OH-DPAT shifted the psychophysical curve to the left, significantly reducing T(50) at the 200-microg kg(-1) dose; the effect of 8-OH-DPAT did not differ significantly between the groups. Levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the lesioned group were about 10% of those in the sham-lesioned group; there was no effect of the lesion on catecholamine levels. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that 8-OH-DPAT disrupts temporal differentiation in the free-operant psychophysical schedule, reducing the indifference time, T(50). The failure of central 5-HT depletion to alter the effect of 8-OH-DPAT suggests that this effect may be mediated by stimulation of postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) (or possibly 5-HT(7)) receptors rather than somatodendritic 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Body
- Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, Room B109, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Mobini S, Chiang TJ, Ho MY, Bradshaw CM, Szabadi E. Effects of central 5-hydroxytryptamine depletion on sensitivity to delayed and probabilistic reinforcement. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000; 152:390-7. [PMID: 11140331 DOI: 10.1007/s002130000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The ascending 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HTergic) pathways are believed to be involved in "impulse control". Rats whose 5-HTergic pathways have been destroyed are more liable than intact rats to select a smaller, immediate reinforcer rather than a larger, delayed reinforcer (impulsive choice), and recent evidence indicates that this effect of central 5-HT depletion reflects a change in the rate of time discounting (i.e. a change in the rate at which reinforcers become devalued as a function of delay). Delay of reinforcement and uncertainty of reinforcer delivery are believed to have equivalent effects on choice behaviour. However, it is not known whether central 5-HT depletion affects choice between probabilistic reinforcers. OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of central 5-HT depletion on choice behaviour in two experiments: In experiment 1, rats chose between a smaller immediate reinforcer and a larger delayed reinforcer; in experiment 2, rats chose between a smaller certain reinforcer and a larger probabilistic reinforcer. METHODS Rats received injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the dorsal and median raphe nuclei or sham lesions. They were trained to press two levers for food-pellet reinforcers in discrete-trials schedules. In free-choice trials, selection of lever A resulted in immediate delivery of one food pellet; selection of lever B resulted in delivery of 2 pellets, either following a delay (dB) (experiment 1) or with a probability (pB) less than 1 (experiment 2). RESULTS In experiment 1, both groups showed declining choice of lever B (%B) as a function of dB. The lesioned group showed shorter indifference delays (D50: the value of dB corresponding to %B=50) than the sham-lesioned group. In experiment 2, both groups showed declining choice of lever B as a function of the odds against delivery of the two-pellet reinforcer, thetaB (thetaB=[1/pB]-1). There was no difference between the "indifference odds" (theta50: the value of thetaB corresponding to %B=50) between the two groups. In both experiments, the levels of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were reduced in the brains of the lesioned rats, but the levels of noradrenaline and dopamine were not altered. CONCLUSIONS These results provide additional evidence that central 5-HTergic mechanisms are involved in time discounting, but provide no evidence for a similar role of 5-HT in rats' sensitivity to probabilistic reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mobini
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK
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Chiang TJ, Al-Ruwaitea AS, Mobini S, Ho MY, Bradshaw CM, Szabadi E. Effects of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) on performance on two operant timing schedules. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000; 151:379-91. [PMID: 11026745 DOI: 10.1007/s002130000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous experiments have shown that the disruptive effect of central 5-HT depletion on interval timing behaviour is critically dependent upon the particular timing schedule used. However, it is not known how acute disruption of 5-HTergic function brought about by drugs acting at 5-HT receptors affects timing. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) on performance on two quantitative timing schedules, a free-operant schedule in which rats were trained to distribute their responses differentially between two levers during the course of a 50-s trial (free-operant psychophysical procedure) and a discrete-trials schedule in which rats were trained to discriminate the durations of light stimuli (interval bisection task). METHODS In experiment 1, rats were trained under the free-operant psychophysical procedure to respond on two levers (A and B) in 50-s trials in which reinforcement was provided intermittently for responding on A in the first half, and B in the second half, of the trial. For one group, repetitive switching between levers was permitted; for another group, it was prevented. In experiment 2, rats were trained to press lever A after a 2-s stimulus and lever B after an 8-s stimulus, and were then tested with stimuli of intermediate durations. For one group, a 'poke response' (depression of a central tray flap) was required after stimulus presentation to effect lever presentation; for the other group this requirement did not operate. In both experiments, quantitative indices of timing were derived from the psychophysical functions (%B responding vs time). RESULTS In experiment 1, 8-OH-DPAT (25, 50, 100 and 200 microg kg(-1) s.c.) displaced the psychophysical curve to the left in both versions of the schedule. In experiment 2, 8-OH-DPAT increased the Weber fraction in both versions of the task without displacing the curve. CONCLUSIONS These results show that 8-OH-DPAT disrupts timing behaviour. The results of experiment 1 are consistent with the proposal that 5-HTergic mechanisms help to regulate the period of the hypothetical pacemaker. However, the results of experiment 2 do not support this suggestion. Taken together, the results support the notion that different neural mechanisms may be involved in timing tasks involving temporal distribution of responding and discrimination of the durations of exteroceptive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Chiang
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK
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Mobini S, Chiang TJ, Ho MY, Bradshaw CM, Szabadi E. Comparison of the effects of clozapine, haloperidol, chlorpromazine and d-amphetamine on performance on a time-constrained progressive ratio schedule and on locomotor behaviour in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000; 152:47-54. [PMID: 11041315 DOI: 10.1007/s002130000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Performance on progressive ratio schedules has been proposed as a means of assessing the effects of drugs on "reinforcer efficacy". It has been proposed that the effects of neuroleptic drugs on operant behaviour are mediated by a reduction of "reinforcer efficacy". We examined the effects of two "conventional" neuroleptics (haloperidol and chlorpromazine) and an "atypical" neuroleptic (clozapine) on progressive ratio schedule performance; d-amphetamine was used as a comparison compound. In experiment 1, rats responded for a sucrose reinforcer on a time-constrained progressive ratio schedule (75-min sessions). After 66 preliminary training sessions, the rats received single doses (IP) of haloperidol (0.05, 0.1 mg kg(-1)). chlorpromazine (2, 4 mg kg(-1)), clozapine (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg kg(-1)), and d-amphetamine (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg kg(-1)), and the corresponding vehicle solutions. The highest ratio completed was reduced by haloperidol and chlorpromazine, and increased by clozapine. All three neuroleptics reduced the peak response rate, at least at the highest doses administered. Response rates on the lower and intermediate ratios could be described by a three-parameter equation proposed to account for fixed ratio schedule performance. Haloperidol reduced, and clozapine dose-dependently increased the "motivational" parameter (a); d-amphetamine reduced it at low doses and increased it at high doses. The three neuroleptics increased the "response time" parameter (delta). Un-reinforced locomotor behaviour, measured in experiment 2, was not significantly altered by haloperidol, chlorpromazine or clozapine, but was increased by d-amphetamine. These results are consistent with a reduction of reinforcer efficacy produced by haloperidol and an increase produced by clozapine; clozapine's effect is unlikely to reflect a general increase in locomotion. All three neuroleptics induced some degree of motor debilitation. The quantitative analysis of progressive ratio schedule performance may provide a useful adjunct to existing methods for separating effects of drugs on motivational and motor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mobini
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK
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Abstract
RATIONALE Previous experiments have shown that d-amphetamine disrupts timing behaviour in rats. It has been proposed that d-amphetamine's effects reflect a reduction in the period of the pacemaker of the hypothetical internal clock. However, some studies have obtained conflicting results. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of d-amphetamine (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg kg(-1) i.p.) on performance on two quantitative timing schedules: a free-operant schedule, in which rats were trained to distribute their responses differentially between two levers during the course of a 50-s trial (free-operant psychophysical procedure), and a discrete-trials schedule, in which rats were trained to discriminate the duration of light stimuli (interval bisection task). METHODS In experiment 1, rats were trained under the free-operant psychophysical procedure to respond on two levers (A and B) in 50-s trials in which reinforcement was provided intermittently for responding on A during the first half and on B during the second half of the trial. For one group, repetitive switching between levers was permitted; for another group, it was prevented. In experiment 2, rats were exposed to press lever A after a 2-s stimulus and lever B after an 8-s stimulus, and were then tested with stimuli of intermediate duration. For one group, a 'poke response' (depression of a central tray flap) was required after stimulus presentation to effect lever presentation; for the other group, this requirement did not operate. In both experiments, quantitative indices of timing were derived from the psychophysical functions (%B responding vs time). RESULTS In experiment 1, d-amphetamine increased the Weber fraction and displaced the psychophysical curve to the left in both versions of the schedule, as well as producing rate-dependent suppression of responding. In experiment 2, d-amphetamine increased the Weber fraction in both versions of the task without displacing the curve. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the disruptive effect of d-amphetamine on timing. The results of experiment 1 are consistent with the proposal that the drug reduces the period of the hypothetical pacemaker. However, the results of experiment 2 do not support this suggestion. Taken together, the results support the notion that different neural mechanisms may be involved in timing tasks involving temporal distribution of responding and discrimination of the duration of exteroceptive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Chiang
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK
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Mobini S, Chiang TJ, Al-Ruwaitea AS, Ho MY, Bradshaw CM, Szabadi E. Effect of central 5-hydroxytryptamine depletion on inter-temporal choice: a quantitative analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000; 149:313-8. [PMID: 10823413 DOI: 10.1007/s002130000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It has been proposed that the ascending 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HTergic) pathways are involved in "impulse control". Previous experiments have shown that rats whose 5-HTergic pathways have been destroyed are more liable than intact rats to select a smaller, immediate reinforcer rather than a larger, delayed reinforcer (impulsive choice). However, it remains unclear whether this effect of central 5-HT depletion reflects a change in the rate of time discounting (i.e. a change in the rate at which reinforcers become devalued as a function of delay) or a change in sensitivity to reinforcer size. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of central 5-HT depletion on time discounting using a quantitative model of inter-temporal choice (multiplicative hyperbolic model), which enables effects on time discounting to be differentiated from effects on sensitivity to reinforcer size. METHODS Rats received injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the dorsal and median raphe nuclei or sham lesions. They were trained to press two levers for food-pellet reinforcers in a discrete-trials adjusting-delay schedule. In free-choice trials, selection of lever A resulted in a brief fixed delay (dA) followed by delivery of one pellet; selection of lever B resulted in a longer variable delay (dB) followed by delivery of two pellets; dB was adjusted in accordance with the subject's choices. The value of dA was varied (0.5-8.0 s) in successive phases of the experiment, and the indifference value of dB was determined in each case. RESULTS In both groups, the indifference value of dB was linearly related to the value of dA, in accordance with the multiplicative hyperbolic model. The lesioned group showed shorter indifference delays than the sham-lesioned group, this being reflected in a parallel displacement of the linear indifference function. In both experiments, the levels of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid were reduced in the brains of the lesioned rats, but the levels of noradrenaline and dopamine were not altered. CONCLUSIONS According to the multiplicative hyperbolic model, parallel displacement of the linear indifference function uniquely specifies a change in time discounting. Thus these results indicate that central 5-HT depletion results in an increase in the rate of time discounting for food reinforcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mobini
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK
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Ho MY, Mobini S, Chiang TJ, Bradshaw CM, Szabadi E. Theory and method in the quantitative analysis of "impulsive choice" behaviour: implications for psychopharmacology. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999; 146:362-72. [PMID: 10550487 DOI: 10.1007/pl00005482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive choice refers to the selection of small immediate gains in preference to larger delayed gains, or the selection of large delayed penalties in preference to smaller immediate penalties. Current theoretical interpretations of impulsive choice are reviewed, and a synthesis of these ideas, the "multiplicative hyperbolic model of choice", is presented. The model assumes that the value of a positive reinforcer increases as a hyperbolic function of its size, and decreases as a hyperbolic function of its delay and the odds against its occurrence. Each hyperbolic function contains a single discounting parameter which quantifies the organism's sensitivity to the variable in question. The hyperbolic discounting functions combine multiplicatively to determine the overall value of the reinforcer. Equivalent functions are postulated to govern the (negative) value of aversive events, the net value of an outcome reflecting the algebraic sum of the positive and negative values. The model gives rise to a quantitative methodology for studying impulsive choice, based on a family of linear indifference (null) equations, which describe performance under conditions of indifference, when the values of the reinforcers are assumed to be equal. This methodology may be used to identify individual differences in sensitivity to the magnitude, delay and probability of reinforcement. The methodology is also suitable for the quantitative evaluation of the effects of some pharmacological interventions on discounting parameters. Recent psychopharmacological studies of impulsive choice are reviewed, and the utility of indifference equations for extending this work, and developing a quantitative psychopharmacology of impulsive choice is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Ho
- Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, B Floor, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Mobini S. 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE (5-HT) AND ???IMPULSIVE CHOICE??? BEHAVIOUR. Behav Pharmacol 1999. [DOI: 10.1097/00008877-199908001-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wiedmann M, Mobini S, Cole JR, Watson CK, Jeffers GT, Boor KJ. Molecular investigation of a listeriosis outbreak in goats caused by an unusual strain of Listeria monocytogenes. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 215:369-71, 340. [PMID: 10434977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
During a 16-month period, 10 goats with listeriosis were identified in 2 herds that shared 3 bucks, including 1 that died of listeriosis. Using DNA fingerprinting, we determined that a single genetically unique Listeria monocytogenes strain had infected all goats from which isolates were available. All isolates were unable to metabolize rhamnose (rhamnose-negative), whereas as a species, L monocytogenes is considered to have a rhamnose-positive phenotype. Therefore, these isolates would have been characterized as a species other than L monocytogenes if any of a variety of commercial bacterial identification kits had been used for speciation. Silage was not fed to either herd, and L monocytogenes was not isolated from vaginal or rectal swab specimens obtained from healthy goats or from samples of feed. Because the 3 bucks were the only common elements between the 2 herds, our results suggest a venereal route of transmission for listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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