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Mills S, Trego AC, Prevedello M, De Vrieze J, O’Flaherty V, Lens PN, Collins G. Unifying concepts in methanogenic, aerobic, and anammox sludge granulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 17:100310. [PMID: 37705860 PMCID: PMC10495608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The retention of dense and well-functioning microbial biomass is crucial for effective pollutant removal in several biological wastewater treatment technologies. High solids retention is often achieved through aggregation of microbial communities into dense, spherical aggregates known as granules, which were initially discovered in the 1980s. These granules have since been widely applied in upflow anaerobic digesters for waste-to-energy conversions. Furthermore, granular biomass has been applied in aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) technologies. The mechanisms underpinning the formation of methanogenic, aerobic, and anammox granules are the subject of ongoing research. Although each granule type has been extensively studied in isolation, there has been a lack of comparative studies among these granulation processes. It is likely that there are some unifying concepts that are shared by all three sludge types. Identifying these unifying concepts could allow a unified theory of granulation to be formed. Here, we review the granulation mechanisms of methanogenic, aerobic, and anammox granular sludge, highlighting several common concepts, such as the role of extracellular polymeric substances, cations, and operational parameters like upflow velocity and shear force. We have then identified some unique features of each granule type, such as different internal structures, microbial compositions, and quorum sensing systems. Finally, we propose that future research should prioritize aspects of microbial ecology, such as community assembly or interspecies interactions in individual granules during their formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mills
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Anna Christine Trego
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Marco Prevedello
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vincent O’Flaherty
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Piet N.L. Lens
- University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Gavin Collins
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
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Zhou H, Xuanyuan X, Lv X, Wang J, Feng K, Chen C, Ma J, Xing D. Mechanisms of magnetic sensing and regulating extracellular electron transfer of electroactive bacteria under magnetic fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165104. [PMID: 37356761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive bacteria can display notable plasticity in their response to magnetic field (MF), which prompted bioelectrochemical system as promising candidates for magnetic sensor applications. In this study, we explored the sensing and stimulatory effect of MF on current generation by Geobacter sulfurreducens, and elucidated the related molecular mechanism at the transcriptomic level. MF treatment significantly enhanced electricity generation and overall energy efficiency of G. sulfurreducens by 50 % and 22 %, respectively. The response of current to MFs was instantaneous and reversible. Cyclic voltammetry analysis of the anode biofilm revealed that the redox couples changed from -0.31 to -0.39 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), suggesting that MFs could alter electron transfer related components. Differential gene expression analysis further verified this hypothesis, genes associated with electron transfer were upregulated in G. sulfurreducens under MF treatment relative to the control group, specifically, genes encoding periplasmic c-type cytochromes (ppcA and ppcD), outer membrane cytochrome (omcF, omcZ, omcB), pili (pilA-C, pilM, and pilV2), and ribosome. The enhanced bacterial extracellular electron transfer process was also linked to the overexpression of the NADH dehydrogenase I subunit, the ABC transporter, transcriptional regulation, and ATP synthase. Overall, our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of magnetic field stimuli on EAB and provide a theoretical basis for its further application in magnetic sensors and other biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Xianwen Xuanyuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Xiaowei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Kun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
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Song X, Zhang G, Luan J, Liu G, Wang J. Effect of magnetic fields on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification microbial systems. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:517-529. [PMID: 37578871 PMCID: wst_2023_250 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic fields positively influence the nitrogen removal efficiency in activated sludge systems. However, the structural succession pattern of microorganisms by magnetic fields still remains further explored. In this paper, a magnetic simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (MSND) reactor was constructed, and the influence of optimized magnetic field intensity (0, 10, 20 and 30 mT) on the nitrogen removal efficiency was investigated at HRT 6 h, 28.0-30.0 °C, and pH 7.0-8.0. Molecular biology was used to investigate the succession process of the dominant microbial flora and the functional gene structure of MSND systems. The results showed that the denitrification effects of the MSND system were significantly enhanced, which contributed to the lower concentration of total nitrogen in the effluent of the magnetic reactor than that of the nonmagnetic group reactor. The magnetic fields induced the succession of microbial community structure and improved the stability of microbial communities, thereby the relative abundances of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, and the functional genes were improved. In particular, the abundance of functional genes related to gene proliferation and transmembrane transport was increased. Therefore, the efficient nitrogen removal was achieved, which gives inspiration in the enhanced wastewater treatment by magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Song
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China E-mail:
| | - Guanglu Zhang
- Jinan Urban Construction Group Co., Ltd, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jiajia Luan
- Logistics Service Office of Weifang Vocational College, Weifang 262737, China
| | - Guicai Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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Omar AH, Muda K, Omoregie AI, Majid ZA, Ali NSBA, Pauzi FM. Enhancement of biogranules development using magnetized powder activated carbon. Biodegradation 2023; 34:235-252. [PMID: 36840891 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Biogranulation has emerged as a viable alternative biological wastewater treatment approach because of its strong biodegradability potential, toxicity tolerance, and biomass retention features. However, this process requires a long duration for biogranules formation to occur. In this study, magnetic powder activated carbon (MPAC) was used as support material in a sequencing batch reactor to enhance biogranules development for wastewater treatment. Two parallel SBRs (designated R1 and R2) were used, with R1 serving as a control without the presence of MPAC while R2 was operated with MPAC. The biodegradability capacity and biomass properties of MPAC biogranules were compared with a control system. The measured diameter of biogranules for R1 and R2 after 8 weeks of maturation were 2.2 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively. The integrity coefficient of the biogranules in R2 was higher (8.3%) than that of R1 (13.4%), indicating that the addition of MPAC improved the structure of the biogranules in R2. The components of extracellular polymeric substances were also higher in R2 than in R1. Scanning electronic microscopy was able to examine the morphological structures of the biogranules which showed there were irregular formations compacted together. However, there were more cavities situated in R1 biogranules (without MPAC) when compared to R2 biogranules (with MPAC). Dye removal reached 65% and 83% in R1 and R2 in the post-development stage. This study demonstrates that the addition of MPAC could shorten and improve biogranules formation. MPAC acted as the support media for microbial growth during the biogranulation developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanis Omar
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Khalida Muda
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Armstrong Ighodalo Omoregie
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaiton Abdul Majid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahidah Binti Aftar Ali
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Farhan Mohd Pauzi
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Ouyang L, Qiu B. Positive effects of magnetic Fe 3O 4@polyaniline on aerobic granular sludge: Aerobic granulation, granule stability and pollutants removal performance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128296. [PMID: 36370942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic material has been determined to have a positive effect on sludge granulation and wastewater treatment performance. In this study, the effect of magnetic Fe3O4@polyaniline (Fe3O4@PANI) on aerobic granulation, granule stability, and pollutants removal performance was evaluated by adding it into a sequencing batch reactor to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS). The results indicated that the composite combined the advantages of PANI and Fe3O4 to promote the formation of AGS during the granulation period. The Fe3O4@PANI stimulated the granules to secrete extracellular polymeric substances with a higher proteins/polysaccharides ratio, thus enhancing the stability of the AGS. In addition, microbial community analysis revealed that the great performance of the AGS on denitrification and phosphorus removal could be attributed to the enrichment of denitrifying bacteria, phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO), and denitrifying PAO by Fe3O4@PANI. Thus, Fe3O4@PANI has been demonstrated to have a positive effect on the formation and stability of AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Ouyang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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The use of the electromagnetic field in microbial process bioengineering. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 121:27-72. [PMID: 36328731 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An electromagnetic field (EMF) has been shown to have various stimulatory or inhibitory effects on microorganisms. Over the years, growing interest in this topic led to numerous discoveries suggesting the potential applicability of EMF in biotechnological processes. Among these observations are stimulative effects of this physical influence resulting in intensified biomass production, modification of metabolic activity, or pigments secretion. In this review, we present the current state of the art and underline the main findings of the application of EMF in bioprocessing and their practical meaning in process engineering using examples selected from studies on bacteria, archaea, microscopic fungi and yeasts, viruses, and microalgae. All biological data are presented concerning the classification of EMF. Furthermore, we aimed to highlight missing parts of contemporary knowledge and indicate weak spots in the approaches found in the literature.
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Enhancement Effects of Water Magnetization and/or Disinfection by Sodium Hypochlorite on Secondary Slaughterhouse Wastewater Effluent Quality and Disinfection By-Products. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater disinfection is one of the most critical issues in protecting human health against exposure to waterborne pathogenies. Chlorine is among the most commonly used disinfectants in many wastewaters’ treatment plants. Nevertheless, disquiets regarding chlorine’s disinfection by-products (DBPs) have grown recently. One of the most effective ways to reduce DBPs generation is to reduce chlorine dosage by increasing disinfectant efficiency. Using magnetic field (MF) in wastewater treatment is one of the promising research topics with significant progression. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of using a magnetic field and/or sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) disinfection on secondary slaughterhouse wastewater effluent quality and by-products. Three groups of secondary slaughterhouse wastewater effluents were used: G1 was treated with NaClO only at 0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/L; G2 was treated with exposure to MF at 14,500 gausses, and G3 was pretreated with MF, then NaClO at the exact chlorine dosages and MF strength. The results showed an augmented effect when using a magnetic field as a pre-treatment step before NaClO treatment in the remediation of slaughterhouse wastewater over the use of any of them solely. The removal rate of COD and BOD increased by up to 26 and 20%, respectively, when pre-treatment with MF was employed as a mean percentage at all chlorine dosages, while TSS, TDS, and EC increased by 23.5 and 5.5%, respectively. Over and above, the removal rate for each TN and TP increased by 12 and 6.5% as a mean percentage at all chlorine dosages when using a combination of the two. In addition, pre-treatment by MF reduced the required concentration of NaClO from 6 to 4 mg/L, resulting in an 11% increase in the reduction rate of total coliform count, 8% increase in the reduction rate of fecal coliforms, and 10% increase in the reduction rate of E. coli and 5% in Salmonella via increasing the disinfection efficiency of NaClO. Finally, it decreased the concentration of Chloroform produced by more than 77.2% by using the higher concentration of NaClO (6 mg/L). The issue that approved the promising approach of using MF as a pre-treatment step in the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater provides the advantage of using smaller dosages of disinfection, lowering the cost of the procedure process, and reducing the harmful concentration of DBPs.
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Syamimi Zaidi N, Syafiuddin A, Sillanpää M, Burhanuddin Bahrodin M, Zhang Zhan L, Ratnasari A, Kadier A, Aamer Mehmood M, Boopathy R. Insights into the potential application of magnetic field in controlling sludge bulking and foaming: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127416. [PMID: 35660656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of bulking and foaming in biological wastewater treatment could cause a series of operational issues with biomass and effluent quality, ultimately affect the treatment performance of the system. The essential parameters influencing the growth of bulking and foaming bacteria are comprehensively summarised in this paper. Existing bulking and foaming control approached are critically reviewed and addressed, as well as their drawbacks and limitations. Despite the abundance of information and implementation, a complete control technique for limiting filamentous sludge bulking and foaming remains insufficient. Magnetic field application is emphasised as a viable control strategy in this regard. The present review study provides new insight of this application by comparing the use of magnetic fields to conventional treatments. Future outlooks on the use of magnetic fields to prevent BFB proliferation were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syamimi Zaidi
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Achmad Syafiuddin
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Public Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, 60237 Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Muhammad Burhanuddin Bahrodin
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Loh Zhang Zhan
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Anisa Ratnasari
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Raj Boopathy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA.
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Wang M, Li J, Ning S, Fu X, Wang X, Tan L. Simultaneously enhanced treatment efficiency of simulated hypersaline azo dye wastewater and membrane antifouling by a novel static magnetic field membrane bioreactor (SMFMBR). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153452. [PMID: 35093373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Operation performance and membrane fouling of a novel static magnetic field membrane bioreactor (SMFMBR) for treatment of hypersaline azo dye wastewater was investigated. The results showed that SMFMBRs possessed higher efficiency of dye decolorization, COD removal and detoxification than the control MBR without SMF. The (3#) SMFMBR equipped with 305.0 mT (the highest intensity) SMF displayed the best treatment performance among all the four reactors (named as 0#-3#, equipped with SMFs of 0 mT, 95.0 mT, 206.3 mT and 305.0 mT, respectively). Potentially effective microbes belonging to Rhodanobacter, Saccharibacteria genera incertae sedis, Defluviimonas, Cellulomonas, Cutaneotrichosporon, Candida and Pichia were enriched in three SMFMBRs, in both of suspended sludge and bio-cakes. The relative abundance of Candida and Pichia in suspended sludge of 3# SMFMBR was the highest among all the four reactors, suggesting their successful colonization and potentially persistent effect of bioaugmentation. On the other hand, SMF of higher intensity effectively mitigated membrane fouling. Less production of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), lower protein/polysaccharide (PN/PS) ratio in SMP and EPS, looser structure of bio-cakes on membrane surface, as well as lower relative abundance of potential fouling causing microbes (mainly bacteria) in microbial communities were determined in 3# SMFMBR than the other three groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meining Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116081, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116081, China
| | - Shuxiang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116081, China
| | - Xinmei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116081, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116081, China.
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Wang H, Guo L, Ren X, Gao M, Jin C, Zhao Y, Ji J, She Z. Enhanced aerobic granular sludge by static magnetic field to treat saline wastewater via simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 350:126891. [PMID: 35217165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Saline wastewater poses a threat to biological nitrogen removal. This study investigated whether and how static magnetic field (SMF) can improve the salt-tolerance of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in two simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) reactors. Results confirmed that the SMF improved the mean size and settleability of granules, stimulated secretion of extracellular polymeric substances with high protein content, in turn enhancing the aerobic granulation. Although high salt stress inhibited functional microorganisms, the SMF maintained better SPND performance with average COD removal, TN removal and nitrite accumulation ratio finally recovering to 100%, 72.9% and 91.1% respectively. High throughput sequencing revealed that functional bacteria evolved from Paracoccus to halotolerant genera Xanthomarina, Thauera, Pseudofulvimonas and Azoarcus with stepwise increasing salinity. The enhanced salt-tolerance may be because the SMF promoted the activity of these halotolerant bacteria. Therefore, this study proposes an economic, effective and environmental biotechnology for saline wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hutao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Junyuan Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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11
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Sarvajith M, Nancharaiah YV. Enhancing biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance in aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors by activated carbon particles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 303:114134. [PMID: 34839174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long start-up periods for aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation and establishment of P removal pathways are challenges for widespread implementation of AGS process. External additives such as activated carbon (AC) attracted interest for accelerating AGS formation. However, the roles of AC in granulation and biological nutrient removal (BNR) are not understood. Here, the role of AC was investigated in decreasing start-up periods in AGS formation and BNR under different carbon substrate conditions (i.e., acetate (HAc), propionate (HPr) and HAc-HPr) in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). AC addition increased aggregation index and settleability of activated sludge (AS) inoculum which minimized AS washout from SBRs. AC addition hastened AGS formation and establishment of BNR pathways by facilitating AS retention and biofilm formation. Feeding HAc or HAc-HPr supported better granulation (MLSS: 6-7 g l-1, SVI: 30-40 ml g-1) than HPr (MLSS: 4 g l-1, SVI: 70). The start-up periods for efficient total nitrogen (TN) removals were decreased to 22 and 16 d from 38 to 25 d, respectively, in AC augmented SBRs fed with either HAc or HAc-HPr. TN removals were higher at ≥95% in HAc or HAc-HPr fed SBRs. Total phosphorus (TP) removals were also higher in AC-augmented SBRs at 80% and ≥90% in HAc and HAc-HPr fed SBRs, respectively. In contrast, TN and TP removals were lower at 70% and 35%, respectively, in HPr fed SBR. Ammonium was primarily removed via nitritation-denitritation pathway. Phosphorus removal was at 1.7 to 2-fold higher in AC augmented SBRs and driven by enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) pathway. MiSeq sequencing and qPCR revealed higher enrichment of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), denitrifying PAOs, and ammonia oxidizers in AC-augmented SBRs fed with HAc or HAc-HPr. This study demonstrates that AC addition can be considered for enrichment of PAOs and establishment of EBPR in aerobic granular SBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sarvajith
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, WSCD, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - Y V Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, WSCD, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
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12
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Mukherjee P, Pichiah S, Packirisamy G, Jang M. Biocatalyst physiology and interplay: a protagonist of MFC operation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43217-43233. [PMID: 34165738 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) have been foreseen as a sustainable renewable energy resource to meet future energy demand. In the past, several studies have been executed in both benchtop and pilot scale to produce electrical energy from wastewater. The key role players in this technology that leads to the operation are microbes, mainly bacteria. The dominant among them is termed as "exoelectrogens" that have the capability to produce and transport electron by utilizing waste source. The current review focuses on such electrogenic bacteria's involvement for enhanced power generation of MFC. The pathway of electron transfer in their cell along and its conduction to the extracellular environment of the MFC system are critically discussed. The interaction of the microbes in various MFC operational conditions, including the role of substrate and solid electron acceptors, i.e., anode, external resistance, temperature, and pH, was also discussed in depth along with biotechnological advancement and future research perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mukherjee
- Environmental Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Saravanan Pichiah
- Environmental Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Wolgye-dong Nowon-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Lyu W, Song Q, Shi J, Wang H, Wang B, Hu X. Weak magnetic field affected microbial communities and function in the A/O/A sequencing batch reactors for enhanced aerobic granulation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Wang Y, Gu X, Quan J, Xing G, Yang L, Zhao C, Wu P, Zhao F, Hu B, Hu Y. Application of magnetic fields to wastewater treatment and its mechanisms: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145476. [PMID: 33588219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic field (MF) has been applied widely and successfully as an efficient, low-cost and easy-to-use technique to enhance wastewater treatment (WWT) performance. Although the effects of MF on WWT were revealed and summarized by some works, they are still mysterious and complex. This review summarizes the application of MF in magnetic adsorption-separation of heavy metals and dyes, treatment of domestic wastewater and photo-magnetic coupling technology. Furthermore, the mechanisms of MF-enhanced WWT are critically elaborated from the perspective of magnetic physicochemical and biological effects, such as magnetoresistance, Lorentz force, and intracellular radical pair mechanism. At last, the challenges and opportunities for MF application in WWT are discussed. For overcoming the limitations and taking advantages of MFs in WWT, fundamental research of the mechanisms of the application of MFs should be carried out in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Gu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianing Quan
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guohua Xing
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuanliang Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yuansheng Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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15
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Mehrnia MR, Hashemi T, Marandi A. Magnetic MBR technology: from the fabrication of membrane to application in wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:1015-1023. [PMID: 34150289 PMCID: PMC8172685 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to synthesize a magnetic nanocomposite membrane using iron oxide and alumina nanoparticles and employing it in magnetic membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for oily wastewater treatment. Al2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles with approximate sizes of 20 and 30 nm respectively, were settled into a polysulfone (PSf) membrane matrix via magnetic casting method. The concentration of alumina and iron oxide nanoparticles were 0-0.25 wt% and 0.03 wt%, respectively. Compared with the blank membrane, an increase in the concentration of Fe3O4 up to 0.2 wt%, led to the flux as much as 70% and mitigated total resistance by 70%. The presence of the magnetic field around the bioreactor increased the flux significantly and reduced the cake resistance by 93%. Moreover, by applying the static magnetic field to MBR, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal rate was increased to 93%, while in the MBR without the magnetic field the COD removal rate was 80%. Our investigation illustrated that the magnetic casting is an effective method to improve the flux and mitigate the fouling of the magnetic nanocomposite membrane. The output of this research indicates that the magnetic casting method enhance the magnetic MBRs performance for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mehrnia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-45, Tehran, Iran
| | - Targol Hashemi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-45, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aydin Marandi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-45, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Initialization, enhancement and mechanisms of aerobic granulation in wastewater treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Zhu YM, Ji H, Ren H, Geng J, Xu K. Enhancement of static magnetic field on nitrogen removal at different ammonium concentrations in a sequencing batch reactor: Performance and biological mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128794. [PMID: 33139049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects and biological mechanism of external static magnetic fields (SMFs) on enhancing nitrogen removal at different influent ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) concentrations. Four sequential batch reactors (SBRs) with SMFs of 0, 15, 30, and 50 mT were operated continuously for 196 days, during which the influent NH4+-N concentration increased stepwise as 50, 100, 350, and 600 mg L-1. The results showed that 50 mT had optimum effects on enhancing nitrogen removal, especially at high NH4+-N concentrations (350 and 600 mg L-1). The biological mechanism by which SMF influences nitrogen removal varies depending on the NH4+ concentration. At low NH4+-N concentrations (50 and 100 mg L-1), a field of 50 mT increased key enzyme activities and corresponding functional gene abundances. Additionally, it further improved functional bacterial abundances, which involved nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria at high NH4+ concentrations. These findings could provide guidance for the selection of optimum SMF intensity at different influent NH4+ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Mo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongmin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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18
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Wang H, Lyu W, Song Q, Zhou D, Hu X, Wang B, Chen R. Role of weak magnetic strength in the operation of aerobic granular reactor for wastewater treatment containing ammonia nitrogen concentration gradient. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124570. [PMID: 33384203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Weak magnetic field (WMF) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology were both robust technologies in wastewater treatments. In this study, the AGS characteristics and nutrient removal performances were all estimated at the load of 20 to 40 mg/L ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and 0 to 40mT magnetic field. Results showed that 10mT was beneficial for keeping stable structure of granules when increasing NH4+-N load, accompanied with increasing protein (PN) secretion in EPS. Besides, all the total nitrogen (TN) removal rate under 10mT reached above 90%, while they were all less than 80% under other WMF strength when loading with 40 mg/L NH4+-N. Moreover, the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) efficiency could be enhanced by WMF of 10mT. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that NH4+-N load changed the bacterial richness and diversity when the magnetic strength was 10mT. And Candidatus_Competibacter was identified as the main functional genes for effective operation in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Wanlin Lyu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qun Song
- Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Dao Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rongfan Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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19
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Benyoucef N, Pauss A, Abdi N, Sarde CO, Grib H, Mameri N. Enhancement of the denitrification performance of an activated sludge using an electromagnetic field in batch mode. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127698. [PMID: 32791365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of electromagnetic fields on bacterial denitrification has been tested on synthetic media with sludges from wastewater treatment stations, in batch mode. The effects of the intensity of the magnetic induction ratio B (mT), reaction volume and initial biomass concentration on the kinetics of the denitrification process were studied. Magnetic field had both an optimal stimulating effect on the activity of the denitrifying flora for B (mT)/mgx values of the order of 0.212, and an inhibitory effect for the values beyond the latter.Sludges underwent multiple exposure cycles to magnetic fields. It was shown that, after three exposure cycles, denitrification kinetics went from 6.5 to 12.7 mg N-NO-3.L-1.h-1 which corresponds to a 2.7 fold improvement. The improved performance persists even after the cessation of the magnetic field. Observation of the sludge by the environmentalelectron microscope shows that the microbial population forming the starting sludge; changed following exposure to the magnetic field. The action of the; electromagnetic field on the microbial populations in denitrification resulted in the modification of the diversity of the flora that is initially present, favoring the development of Proteo bacteria, particularly the Betaproteo bacteria subclass, which results in improved denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Benyoucef
- Laboratoire BIOGEP, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, 10 avenue HacenBadi, 16200, Algiers, Algeria
| | - André Pauss
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (TIMR), EA 4297, France
| | - Nadia Abdi
- Laboratoire BIOGEP, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, 10 avenue HacenBadi, 16200, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Claude-Olivier Sarde
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (TIMR), EA 4297, France
| | - Hocine Grib
- Laboratoire BIOGEP, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, 10 avenue HacenBadi, 16200, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nabil Mameri
- Laboratoire BIOGEP, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, 10 avenue HacenBadi, 16200, Algiers, Algeria.
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20
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Zaidi NS, Muda K, Sohaili J, Loan LW, Sillanpää M. Enhancement of nitrification efficiency during sludge bulking by magnetic field under long sludge retention time. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:408. [PMID: 32904368 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential of magnetic field application as an alternative approach for controlling sludge bulking due to long sludge retention time (SRT) while enhancing nitrification efficiency upon the occurrence. Two sequencing batch reactors, reactor A (SBRA, magnetic field intensity 88.0 mT) and reactor B (SBRB, control) were operated under long SRT to induce the growth of filamentous microorganisms. The effect of magnetic field on nitrification, viz. ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N) and nitrite removal, as well as biomass properties were studied under the sludge bulking condition. Results indicated that nitrification efficiency of SBRA was consistently higher with 90% NH4-N removal and 74-81% nitrite removal, which could be credited to the enhanced biomass properties of activated sludge due to the induced magnetic field. Metabolism activity and biodegradability of aerobic bacteria were also enhanced through the application of magnetic field, even under long SRT condition. This was evidenced by the average oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in SBRA that was higher with 11.7 ± 1.2 mg/L·h compared to SBRB with 9.5 ± 0.4 mg/L·h. Occurrence of filamentous sludge bulking was likewise minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syamimi Zaidi
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
| | - Khalida Muda
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
| | - Johan Sohaili
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
| | - Liew Wai Loan
- Centre for Degree Programme, School of Professional and Continuing Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, USA
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21
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Domingos DG, Libardi N, Henriques RO, Xavier JA, da Costa RHR. The effect of Np-magnetite on the granulation process of an SBR reactor used for domestic wastewater treatment. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:161-171. [PMID: 32862326 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of magnetite nanoparticles (Np-magnetite) added to a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating domestic wastewater, to improve aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation and the effects of granule disintegration. Np-magnetite additions (75 mg L-1) were made during the start-up of the reactor and repeated after 100 and 170 days, when granule disintegration was observed. From the first Np-magnetite addition, SVI5 was reduced from 1315 to 85 mL g-1. The granular biomass was observed on the 56th day, when 57% of the granules presented diameters bigger than 212 µm. The 100-day disintegration episode disturbed the granular biomass, reducing the volatile suspended solids by 51%, increasing the SVI values to above 200 mL g-1. Np-magnetite addition recovered all the granular biomass parameters to the values observed before disintegration. The treatment efficiency was stable during operation of the reactor for nutrients (52.8 ± 23.4% NH4+-N; 54.5 ± 12.2% PO43--P) and carbonaceous organic matter (71.7 ± 12.7% BOD5; 77.5 ± 10.0% CODt). Np-magnetite addition changed the microbial community of the granular sludge, analysed via high-throughput 16S RNA sequencing, and recovered the treatment efficiency previously disturbed by the disintegration processes. These results indicate the potential of Np-magnetite as an agent for sludge aggregation in an aerobic granular reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Gonzaga Domingos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Libardi
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Rosana Oliveira Henriques
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Antunes Xavier
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
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22
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Impact of additive application on the establishment of fast and stable aerobic granulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5697-5709. [PMID: 32415318 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a microbial biofilm self-aggregation, which is effective for nutrient and pollutant removal, through the development of dense microbial layers bound together with extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). However, long start-up times and granule disintegration are still challenges ahead. An array of external additives, including ion chelating agents, sludge-based enhancers, and magnetic influence have been tested to overcome these barriers. The application of such additives may promote enhanced EPS production, neutralization of charges on the bacterial surface, acts as a core-induced agent, or as a bridge to connect EPSs and cell surfaces. Although additives may improve the granule formation without reducing treatment efficiencies, there are still environmental concerns due to the fate and toxicity of discharged excess sludge. This mini-review identifies an array of external additives and their mechanisms to improve granulation properties, and proposes discussion about the technical and economic viability of these additives. KEY POINTS: • Additives reduce granulation time and repair granule disintegration. • Biopolymer-based additives fulfill technical and environmental requirements. • Sludge-based additives are cheap and in line with the resource recovery concept. • The need for environmental-friendly additives for aerobic granular sludge process. • External additives affect granular biomass size distribution.
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23
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Hou L, Liu Y, Fan S, Li J. Magnetic field enhanced denitrification efficiency of immobilized bacterial particles. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:622-629. [PMID: 32385215 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the magnetic field on denitrification process in immobilized bacteria particles was investigated in this study. The magnetic field could enhance the denitrification efficiency, especially for wastewater with low C/N ratios, and the average removal efficiencies of NO3 --N increased by 6.58%. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the magnetic field had substantial impacts on the stability of microbial community structure and relative abundance in immobilized bacteria particles, which was beneficial for the stability of denitrifying bacteria. Through the research in this paper, we suggest that magnetic field can be used to improve the denitrification performance of immobilized bacteria particles in the wastewater treatment industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangang Hou
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail:
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail:
| | - Sa Fan
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail:
| | - Jun Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China E-mail:
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24
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Xu D, Ji H, Ren H, Geng J, Li K, Xu K. Inhibition effect of magnetic field on nitrous oxide emission from sequencing batch reactor treating domestic wastewater at low temperature. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 87:205-212. [PMID: 31791493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of a magnetic field on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from a sequencing batch reactor treating low-strength domestic wastewater at low temperature (10°C). After running for 124 days in parallel, results indicated that the conversion rate of N2O for a magnetic field-sequencing batch reactor (MF-SBR) decreased by 34.3% compared to that of a conventional SBR (C-SBR). Meanwhile, the removal efficiencies for total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) of the MF-SBR were 22.4% and 39.5% higher than those of the C-SBR. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the abundances of AOB (Nitrosomonas), NOB (Nitrospira) and denitrifiers (Zoogloea), which could reduce N2O to N2, were promoted significantly in the MF-SBR. Enzyme activities (Nir) and gene abundances (nosZ nirS and nirK) for denitrification in the MF-SBR were also notably higher compared to C-SBR. Our study shows that application of a magnetic field is a useful approach for inhibiting the generation of N2O and promoting the nitrogen removal efficiency by affecting the microbial characteristics of sludge in an SBR treating domestic wastewater at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongmin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zhang L, Long B, Cheng Y, Wu J, Zhang B, Zeng Y, Huang S, Zeng M. Rapid cultivation and stability of autotrophic nitrifying granular sludge. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:309-320. [PMID: 32333664 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic nitrifying granular sludge (ANGS) was cultivated by gradually decreasing the influent organics and adding exogenous nitrifying bacteria. Under the strategy, ANGS was domesticated within 36 days. Stability of the seed heterotrophic granules decreased significantly during conversion of organic wastewater to inorganic ammonia wastewater. Obvious granular breakage was observed during these days. However, the granular debris still had good settlement performance. With microbes gradually acclimated to the new environment, the debris provided a large number of carriers for the attached growth of the exogenous nitrifying bacteria, and they replaced the heterotrophic bacteria and became the dominant species. The domesticated ANGS showed good nitrification performance during the 37th to the 183rd day (ammonia nitrogen load between 0.28 and 0.29 kg/m3 · d). The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was usually more than 95%, and nitrite accumulation rate was always larger than 50%. However, nitrification ability was gradually lost with the increase of the ammonia nitrogen load (0.3-0.64 kg/m3 · d) from the 184th day, and it almost approached the influent ammonia nitrogen at the 269th day. Interestingly, good structure stability of the ANGS was maintained during long-term operation, and the ANGS became smoother and denser at the end of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Zhang
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Hongqi Ave. 86, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China E-mail:
| | - Bei Long
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Hongqi Ave. 86, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China E-mail:
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Hongqi Ave. 86, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China E-mail:
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Mingyue Road, Pingdingshan 467036, Henan, China
| | - Binchao Zhang
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Hongqi Ave. 86, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China E-mail:
| | - Yu Zeng
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Hongqi Ave. 86, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China E-mail:
| | - Sinong Huang
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Hongqi Ave. 86, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China E-mail:
| | - Mingjing Zeng
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Hongqi Ave. 86, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China E-mail:
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Zhou H, Mei X, Liu B, Xie G, Xing D. Magnet anode enhances extracellular electron transfer and enrichment of exoelectrogenic bacteria in bioelectrochemical systems. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:133. [PMID: 31164924 PMCID: PMC6543681 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimizing the ability of exoelectrogens is a key factor in boosting the overall efficiency of bioelectrochemical systems. In this study, we construct magnetic microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with magnets with different static magnetic field (SMF) intensities for use as anodes. It is proposed as an in situ study of the effects of magnetic fields on the performance and exoelectrogenic biofilm of bioelectrochemical system. RESULTS The magnetic MFCs obtain a 71.0-105% increase in voltage production and a 42.9-104% increase in power density compared with non-magnetic MFCs. MFCs with a MF intensity of 80 mT obtain the best performances. SMF decreases the internal resistance of MFCs, especially its diffusion resistance. The relative abundance of Geobacter in magnetic MFCs is up to 32.5% higher than that of non-magnetic MFC. SMFs also lead to the shifts in microbial community structure of methanogens. CONCLUSION The constructed magnetic MFCs obtained better performance compared with the non-magnetic MFC, in terms of voltage production, power density, and coulombic efficiency. The relative abundance of Geobacter spp. (one kind of exoelectrogen) was much higher in the magnetic MFCs. The optimal static magnetic field intensity for enriching exoelectrogens is around 80 mT. It is likely that the decrease of internal resistance, enrichment in exoelectrogens, and the syntrophic interactions between exoelectrogens and methanogens result in the enhanced performance of magnetic MFCs. This study provides a magnetic method for the enrichment of exoelectrogens, which can be extensively applied in bioelectrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaoxue Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090 Heilongjiang China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090 Heilongjiang China
| | - Guojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090 Heilongjiang China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090 Heilongjiang China
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Domingos DG, Henriques RO, Xavier JA, Junior NL, da Costa RHR. Increasing activated sludge aggregation by magnetite nanoparticles addition. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:993-999. [PMID: 31025979 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of mixed samples (activated sludge and wastewater) was investigated after the addition of magnetite nanoparticles (NP-magnetite) in jar tests, with objective to increase the aggregation of sludge and improve its settleability, aiming for future application in granular sequencing batch reactors. The NP-magnetite was synthesized by the method of ion co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ and characterized. The process of sludge sedimentation was evaluated for two different experimental strategies, with NP-magnetite concentrations between 25 and 150 mg L-1. The concentration of 75 mg L-1 was the most favorable to process, as evidenced by sludge volumetric index and density. The results presented indicate that the addition of nanoparticles has the potential to improve aerobic granular systems, increasing the settleability of seed sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Gonzaga Domingos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário UFSC/CTC, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Rosana Oliveira Henriques
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário UFSC/CTC, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Antunes Xavier
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário UFSC/CTC, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Nelson Libardi Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário UFSC/CTC, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário UFSC/CTC, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil E-mail:
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Guo Y, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Shi W, Zhang R, Cheng J, Li W, Cui F. Enhanced aerobic granulation by applying the low-intensity direct current electric field via reactive iron anode. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:159-168. [PMID: 30439579 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel granulation strategy by applying the low-intensity direct current (DC) electric field via reactive iron anode into the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system was systematically investigated in this study. Three identical sequencing batch reactors (SBRs, namely R1, R2, and R3) were operated for 100 days. Comparatively, the R1 and R3 were continuously subjected to the 1.0 V DC electric field via a reactive Fe anode and an inert Ti-Ir/Rh anode, respectively, while the R2 without DC exposure. The results showed that the sludge granulation processes were accelerated in order as follows: R2<R3<R1, and the properties of mature granules were improved in order as follows: R3<R2<R1. Interestingly, at the end of experiment, total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency in R1 dramatically increased to 80.52%, which was 2.15 and 1.96 folds than that in R2 and R3, respectively. Further investigations revealed that this novel strategy could simultaneously improve the secretion of EPS and the release of iron ions in R1, which cooperatively enhanced the granulation process. Moreover, in R1, mineral precipitation of phosphate remarkably improved the capability of phosphorus removal. The observed effective and stable performance highlights the feasibility and potential of this novel strategy for the rapid start-up and stable operation of AGS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Wenxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Ruijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Zieliński M, Rusanowska P, Dębowski M, Hajduk A. Influence of static magnetic field on sludge properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:738-742. [PMID: 29306162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zieliński
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environment Engineering, Warszawska St. 117A, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Rusanowska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environment Engineering, Warszawska St. 117A, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Dębowski
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environment Engineering, Warszawska St. 117A, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Hajduk
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environment Engineering, Warszawska St. 117A, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland
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30
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Quan Y, Wu H, Yin Z, Fang Y, Yin C. Effect of static magnetic field on trichloroethylene removal in a biotrickling filter. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:7-16. [PMID: 28500890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory-scale biotrickling filter combined with a magnetic field (MF-BTF) and a single BTF (S-BTF) were set up to treat trichloroethylene (TCE) gas. The influences of phenol alone and NaAc-phenol as co-substrates and different MF intensities were investigated. At low MF intensity, MF-BTF displayed better performance with 0.20g/L of phenol, 53.6-337.1mg/m3 of TCE, and empty bed residence times of 202.5s. The performances followed the order MF-BTF (60.0mT)>MF-BTF (30.0mT)>S-BTF (0mT)>MF-BTF (130.0mT), and the removal efficiencies (REs) and maximum elimination capacities (ECs) corresponded to: 92.2%-45.5%, 2656.8mg/m3h; 89.8%-37.2%, 2169.1mg/m3h; 89.8%-29.8%, 1967.7mg/m3h; 76.0%-20.8%, 1697.1mg/m3h, respectively. High-throughput sequencing indicated that the bacterial diversity was lower, whereas the relative abundances of Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, and Acidovorax were higher in MF-BTF. Results confirmed that a proper MF could improve TCE removal performance in BTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Department of Environmental Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zhenhao Yin
- Analytical and Testing Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yingyu Fang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chengri Yin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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Li X, Luo J, Guo G, Mackey HR, Hao T, Chen G. Seawater-based wastewater accelerates development of aerobic granular sludge: A laboratory proof-of-concept. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 115:210-219. [PMID: 28282616 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an aerobic granular sludge process for the efficient treatment of highly saline wastewater and understand the granulation process in a seawater-based multi-ion matrix. Five identical sequencing batch airlift reactors (SBARs) are used to treat synthetic saline sewage with different proportions of real seawater (0%-100%). The results confirm that aerobic granular sludge can be successfully developed with various proportions of seawater up to 100% and show that seawater not only significantly accelerates granulation but also generates stronger granular structures than does freshwater. The increased presence of gel-forming alginate-like exopolysaccharides in the granules explains why a greater proportion of seawater leads to higher density and improves the cohesive strength of the granules. SEM-EDX analysis further revealed substantial presence of both Ca2+ and Mg2+ phosphate in the granule core as well as in the outer layers providing extra bridging forces in addition to alginate-like exopolysaccharides for accelerating the granule formation and maintaining the structure. It is hoped that this work could explore another approach for saline sewage treatment and bring some clues for the mystery of granulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Li
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinghai Luo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hamish R Mackey
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Yilmaz G, Cetin E, Bozkurt U, Aleksanyan Magden K. Effects of ferrous iron on the performance and microbial community in aerobic granular sludge in relation to nutrient removal. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:716-725. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Yilmaz
- Department of Environmental EngineeringIstanbul UniversityAvcilar Istanbul34320 Turkey
| | - Ender Cetin
- Department of Environmental EngineeringIstanbul UniversityAvcilar Istanbul34320 Turkey
| | - Umit Bozkurt
- Department of Environmental EngineeringIstanbul UniversityAvcilar Istanbul34320 Turkey
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33
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Liang XY, Gao BY, Ni SQ. Effects of magnetic nanoparticles on aerobic granulation process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 227:44-49. [PMID: 28013135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel granulation strategy by introducing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into activated sludge system was investigated in this study. The study of the physicochemical characteristics (appearances, sizes, sludge volume index, and chemical oxygen demand) demonstrated that MNPs could decrease the granulation time and improve the retention of biomass, meanwhile enhanced the compact structure of the granules. The secretion and functional groups especially OH and CO of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) also had significant changes under the long-term influence of MNPs. The contents of proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS) in R2 (with MNPs) were 95.7523mg/gVSS and 43.7129mg/gVSS, while in R1 (without MNPs) they were 85.7523mg/gVSS and 32.8632mg/gVSS, respectively. The contact angles of sludge against water dramatically increased with the increase of MNPs concentration, which means that the addition of MNPs could improve the sludge surface hydrophobicity, playing a positive role in the aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-You Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bao-Yu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China.
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Zieliński M, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Zielińska M, Dębowski M, Rusanowska P, Kopańska J. Nitrification in Activated Sludge Exposed to Static Magnetic Field. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2017; 228:126. [PMID: 28316352 PMCID: PMC5339327 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-017-3316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated wastewater treatment in an aerobic reactor with activated sludge exposed to static magnetic field (SMF) with mean induction of 8.1 mT. The efficiency of chemical oxygen demand removal was about 90% in a control reactor and an SMF-exposed reactor. Although the nitrification efficiency was higher than 95% in both reactors, the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was higher in the SMF-exposed reactor. This resulted in shortening of nitrification time to 4 h compared to 8 h in the control reactor. Higher number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the SMF-exposed reactor might result from increased oxygen penetration into the liquid exposed to SMF, which favored growth of these bacteria. The results indicate that SMF enhanced nitrification, the most sensitive process from the biological nitrogen transformations. SMF influenced the overall biomass content that was 14% higher in the SMF-exposed reactor than in the control reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zieliński
- Department of Environment Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 117, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słonczena 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słonczena 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Dębowski
- Department of Environment Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 117, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Rusanowska
- Department of Environment Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 117, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Kopańska
- Department of Environment Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 117, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
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35
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Gao M, Diao MH, Yuan S, Wang YK, Xu H, Wang XH. Effects of phenol on physicochemical properties and treatment performances of partial nitrifying granules in sequencing batch reactors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:13-18. [PMID: 28352557 PMCID: PMC5361127 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenol caused deterioration of physicochemical properties of PNGs. Phenol stimulated filamentous overgrowth and EPS secretion of PNGs. PNGs got easier to agglomerate and then been washout out after phenol exposure. Phenol induced revival of NOB and failure of partial nitrification.
This study attempts to investigate the effect of phenol on physicochemical properties and treatment performances of partial nitrifying granules (PNGs). Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with synthetic ammonium wastewaters were operated in absence (R1) or presence (R2) of phenol. The PNGs in R1 maintained excellent partial nitrification performance and relatively stable physicochemical properties, and exhibited compact and regular shaped structure with a cocci-dominant surface. However, as phenol concentration was stepwise increased from 0 to 300 mg/L in R2, filamentous bacteria appeared and gradually dominated within granules, which in turn resulted in settleability deterioration. Most notably, granules in R2 got easier to agglomerate in the reactor walls and then been washed out with effluent, leading to significant biomass loss, frequent outflow pipe blockage, and eventual system failure. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) contents including proteins and polysaccharides in R2 reached 1.8 and 1.7 times of that in R1, respectively, indicating that the presence of phenol played an important role on EPS production. Removal efficiency of ammonium and phenol remained high, but dropped sharply when phenol concentration reached 300 mg/L. Moreover, the failed maintenance of partial nitrification was observed due to the revival of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) within granules after phenol exposure, which was confirmed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Overall this study demonstrates that phenol had negative effects on PNGs, and pretreatment to eliminate phenolic substances is recommended when using PNGs for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mu-He Diao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shasha Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun-Kun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xin-Hua Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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36
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Fouling mitigation behavior of magnetic responsive nanocomposite membranes in a magnetic membrane bioreactor. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Yilmaz G, Bozkurt U, Magden KA. Effect of iron ions (Fe2+, Fe3+) on the formation and structure of aerobic granular sludge. Biodegradation 2016; 28:53-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-016-9777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Liu YQ, Suhartini S, Guo L, Xiong Y. Improved biological wastewater treatment and sludge characteristics by applying magnetic field to aerobic granules. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2016.4.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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39
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Chen FY, Liu YQ, Tay JH, Ning P. Rapid formation of nitrifying granules treating high-strength ammonium wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4445-52. [PMID: 25573473 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Short initial settling time and rapidly increased ammonium nitrogen loading were employed to cultivate nitrifying granular sludge treating inorganic wastewater with 1000 mg/L ammonium nitrogen. It was found that the nitrifying granule-dominant sludge was formed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with influent ammonium concentration increased from 200 to 1000 mg N/L within 55 days. During the following 155-day operation period, nitrifying granules exhibited good performance with an ammonium removal efficiency of 99%. In the meantime, sludge volume index (SVI) decreased from 92 to 15 mL/g and the mean size of the nitrifying granules increased from 106 to 369 μm. Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) decreased from the initial 6.4 to around 3 g/L during the granulation period and increased to over 10 g/L at the end of the operation. The long-term stability of nitrifying granules and the reactor performance were not negatively affected by inhibition from free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) in this study. This makes the granule sludge technology promising in treating high-strength ammonium wastewater in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 282 Xuefu Road, 650093, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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40
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Luo J, Wei L, Hao T, Xue W, Mackey HR, Chen GH. Effect ofl-tyrosine on aerobic sludge granulation and its stability. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic sludge granulation and its stability remain challenging in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghai Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Weiqi Xue
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Hamish R. Mackey
- College of Science and Engineering
- Hamad Bin Khalifa University
- Education City
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
- SYSU-HKUST Research Centre for Innovative Environmental Technology
- Sun Yat-sen University
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Wei D, Shi L, Yan T, Zhang G, Wang Y, Du B. Aerobic granules formation and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal treating high strength ammonia wastewater in sequencing batch reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:211-216. [PMID: 25203228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate aerobic granules formation and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal treating high strength ammonia wastewater in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). After successful aerobic granulation, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations of the SBR increased from 3.11 to 14.52 g/L, while sludge volume index (SVI) values decreased from 144.61 to 30.32 mL/g. Protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS) concentrations increased from 60.2 and 12.5 mg/L to 101.1 and 15.8 mg/L, respectively. Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal was enhanced by altering the influent chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (COD/N) ratio. At COD/N ratio of 9, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies were up to 89.8% and 77.5%, respectively. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectroscopy showed that the chemical compositions of sludge EPS were changed during granulation process. The results could provide useful information to promote nitrogen and phosphorus removal using aerobic granular sludge technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Li Shi
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
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Huang W, Wang W, Shi W, Lei Z, Zhang Z, Chen R, Zhou B. Use low direct current electric field to augment nitrification and structural stability of aerobic granular sludge when treating low COD/NH4-N wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:139-44. [PMID: 25194262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of low direct current (DC, ⩽5 V) electric field on aerobic granules by using two identical square sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) when influent chemical oxygen demand to ammonia nitrogen (COD/NH4-N) ratio decreased from 6 to 1.2 (with COD fixed at 600 mg/L). Results showed that the granules from the electro-augmentation SBR had a more compact and dense microbial structure with enriched Actinobacteria, Bacteroidia, Betaproteobacteria, and Nitrospira. Compared to the control, these granules produced 17.4% and 21.5% more proteins and polysaccharides respectively in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), with their integrity coefficient stabilized at 3.3-5.2% during 120 days' operation. Interestingly, more di- and tri-valent metals were accumulated in the electro-augmented granules. In addition, greater than 99% nitrification especially with stably high nitratation efficiency was realized in this new system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Huang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Wansheng Shi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Shanghai Biotechnology Corporation, 121 Libing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Luo J, Hao T, Wei L, Mackey HR, Lin Z, Chen GH. Impact of influent COD/N ratio on disintegration of aerobic granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 62:127-135. [PMID: 24950459 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Disintegration of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a challenging issue in the long-term operation of an AGS system. Chemical oxygen demand (COD)-to-nitrogen (N) ratio (COD/N), often variable in industrial wastewaters, could be a destabilizing factor causing granule disintegration. This study investigates the impact of this ratio on AGS disintegration and identifies the key causes, through close monitoring of AGS changes in its physical and chemical characteristics, microbial community and treatment performance. For specific comparison, two lab-scale air-lift type sequencing batch reactors, one for aerobic granular and the other for flocculent sludge, were operated in parallel with three COD/N ratios (4, 2, 1) applied in the influent of each reactor. The decreased COD/N ratios of 2 and 1 strongly influenced the stability of AGS with regard to physical properties and nitrification efficiency, leading to AGS disintegration when the ratio was decreased to 1. Comparatively the flocculent sludge maintained relatively stable structure and nitrification efficiency under all tested COD/N ratios. The lowest COD/N ratio resulted in a large microbial community shift and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) reduction in both flocculent and granular sludges. The disintegration of AGS was associated with two possible causes: 1) reduction in net tyrosine production in the EPS and 2) a major microbial community shift including reduction in filamentous bacteria leading to the collapse of granule structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghai Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hamish R Mackey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziqiao Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; SYSU-HKUST Research Centre for Innovative Environmental Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Characterization of Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal Microorganisms in a Novel Two-Sludge Process by Combining Chemical with Microbial Analysis. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/360503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work focuses on the investigation of denitrifying phosphorus removal organisms (DPB) in a novel two-sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal process by combining chemical with microbial analysis. When the two-sludge process operated stably over one year, good phosphorus (P) release and P uptake performance of activated sludge samples collected from this process were present in anaerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively, via batch test, showing that the ratio of P release specific rate to P uptake specific rate was 1.31. The analysis of energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) showed that P content of activated sludge samples collected at the end of anoxic phase was 12.3% of dry weight, further demonstrating the existence of microorganisms responsible for phosphorus removal in this two-sludge process. From polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis, the presence of microorganisms mostly belonging to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria was observed, previously evidenced in the phosphorus removal wastewater treatment process. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) quantitative analysis showed thatAccumulibacterresponsible for phosphorus removal was dominant in this two-sludge process, accounting for 69.7% of all bacteria in activated sludge. These results obtained from chemical and microbial analysis in this study suggested that denitrifying phosphorus removal microorganisms were completely enriched in the two-sludge process proposed here.
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Niu C, Geng J, Ren H, Ding L, Xu K, Liang W. The strengthening effect of a static magnetic field on activated sludge activity at low temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 150:156-162. [PMID: 24161554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The strengthening effects of static (homopolar and heteropolar) magnetic fields (MF) on microorganisms were compared in activated sludge degrading organic matter at low temperature. The TTC dehydrogenase activity improved substantially through external heteropolar MF intensification, and led to the highest COD removal rate of 94.9% at 5°C. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis showed that C16:1ω7c, C18:1ω7c and C18:1ω9c were the essential unsaturated fatty acids in cell membrane at low temperature (4-15°C), accounting for the majority of the whole unsaturated fatty acids. The MF effect increased the Gram-negative bacteria content to improve the cold adaptability. Shannon-Wiener diversity analysis demonstrated the samples with heteropolar MF had a higher PLFA diversity index (1.17-1.25) than that with homopolar MF (0.89-1.13). AFM observation showed MF smoothed part of the microbial cell surface, with some remaining distinct protuberances. Heteropolar MF enhancement performance is much more effective than that of the homopolar MF with identical plate distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
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Zaidi NS, Sohaili J, Muda K, Sillanpää M. Magnetic Field Application and its Potential in Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2013.794148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Łebkowska M, Narożniak-Rutkowska A, Pajor E. Effect of a static magnetic field of 7 mT on formaldehyde biodegradation in industrial wastewater from urea-formaldehyde resin production by activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 132:78-83. [PMID: 23395758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the efficiency of treating industrial urea-formaldehyde wastewater by activated sludge in a static magnetic field (MF) of 7 mT and the efficiency of treating the wastewater in a bioreactor not exposed to an MF. Exposure to the MF increased formaldehyde (FA) removal from industrial wastewater with an FA concentration of 1600 mg/l by 20%. The MF had also a positive effect on the efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, and bacteria and activated sludge biomass growth, especially when the COD loading increased rapidly. Industrial wastewater may contain up to 13000 mg FA/l. Therefore, its treatment can require the application of more than one method to ensure that the final FA concentration will be within the permissible limit. The application of an MF to enhance the biological processes may be favourable solution to this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Łebkowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Biology Division, Warsaw, Poland.
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Wei D, Xue X, Chen S, Zhang Y, Yan L, Wei Q, Du B. Enhanced aerobic granulation and nitrogen removal by the addition of zeolite powder in a sequencing batch reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:9235-43. [PMID: 23271668 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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