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Xie D, Yang M, Xu M, Meng J, Wu C, Wang Q, Liu S. In-situ untilization of nitrogen-rich wastewater discharged from a biotrickling filter as a moisture conditioning agent for composting: Effect of nitrogen composition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127828. [PMID: 36029980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the composting-biotrickling filter coupled system removed ammonia-based odor pollution, other pollutants (nitrogen-rich wastewater) arose. This study intended to determine the effect of in-situ disposal of different kinds of nitrogen-rich wastewater [i.e., multi-nitrogen (NH4+, NO2-, and NO3-)-rich (STL1), NO2--rich (STL2), and NO3--rich (STL3)] as a moisture adjustment agent during the composting thermophilic period on nitrogen transformation. Results indicated that nitrogen-rich wastewater addition did not impair the compost maturation, whereas raised the total nitrogen content of fertilizer by 15.8%-46.7% compared to the control group (i.e., tap water group). Moreover, adding STL1 has the potential to reduce CO2 and NH3 emissions and avoid incomplete organic nitrogen decomposition. Furthermore, nitrogen flow analysis unveiled that STL1 addition increased nitrogen content by strengthening ammonification, dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium, and high-temperature nitrification pathways. Thus, in-situ disposal of STL1 from biotrickling filters via composting is a suitable technique for coupled systems to achieve zero discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xie
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 10083, China.
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 10191, China
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2
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Evangelou A, Komilis D. A new liquid-phase method and its comparison to two solid-phase microbial respiration activity methods to assess organic waste stability. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:1-11. [PMID: 31654874 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Goal of the work was to compare the respiration activities, as measured via oxygen consumption with three different organic waste stability methods so that to propose the optimal one. The novelty of the work is that there exists no comparison of solid-phase with liquid-phase stability assessment techniques in the literature. The respiration activities were assessed using two solid-phase methods and a manometric liquid-phase method (MANLIQ) performed on twenty-seven organic substrates. The methods rely on measuring oxygen consumption (uptake) via pressure drops (liquid-phase test, static solid-phase test) or via direct O2 measurements on the gaseous phases at the inlet and outlet of the respirometer (solid-phase dynamic test). A positive statistically significant correlation was calculated between the MANLIQ and the static solid-phase indices. The maximum rate MANLIQ index for the raw substrates was 2900 mg O2 kg-1 VS h-1, while most of the processed substrates had cumulative MANLIQ indices below 160 g O2 kg-1 VS. The ratio of the liquid indices to the static solid-phase indices ranged from 1.6 to 2.7 and the ratio of the liquid indices to the dynamic solid-phase indices ranged from 0.2 to 0.4. The MANLIQ method failed to result in a good correlation of the processing time with the respiration indices. On the other hand, a correlation was more visible in the two solid-phase tests, despite the large variability of the types and sources of the substrates. Therefore, the solid-phase methods should be preferred over the liquid-phase method to assess stability for various organic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Evangelou
- Laboratory of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 671 32, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Komilis
- Laboratory of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 671 32, Greece.
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3
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Bermudez JF, Saldarriaga JF, Osma JF. Portable and Low-Cost Respirometric Microsystem for the Static and Dynamic Respirometry Monitoring of Compost. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194132. [PMID: 31554249 PMCID: PMC6806091 DOI: 10.3390/s19194132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Composting is considered an option for the disposal of organic waste; however, the development of portable and low-cost systems for its monitoring is of high interest. Therefore, in this study, respirometric microsystems were designed and tested including two integrated oxygen sensors for the measurement of compost samples under static and dynamic conditions with high portability and ease of use. The cost of each sensor was calculated as 2 USD, while the cost of the whole respirometric microsystem was calculated as 6 USD. The electronic system for real-time monitoring was also designed and implemented. The designed systems were tested for over 6 weeks for the determination of compost quality using real samples. The respirometric microsystem was compared to a commercial respirometry system and a standard laboratory test using hierarchical analysis which included costs, portability accuracy, analysis time, and integration of new technologies. The analysis showed a global score of 6.87 for the respirometric microsystem compared to 6.70 for the standard laboratory test and 3.26 for the commercial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette F Bermudez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 1100111, Colombia.
- CMUA. Department Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 1100111, Colombia.
| | - Juan F Saldarriaga
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 1100111, Colombia.
| | - Johann F Osma
- CMUA. Department Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 1100111, Colombia.
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4
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Liquid-Phase Respiration Activity Assays to Assess Organic Waste Stability: A Comparison of Two Tests. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Luo Y, Liang J, Zeng G, Chen M, Mo D, Li G, Zhang D. Seed germination test for toxicity evaluation of compost: Its roles, problems and prospects. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:109-114. [PMID: 29030118 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Compost is commonly used for the growth of plants and the remediation of environmental pollution. It is important to evaluate the quality of compost and seed germination test is a powerful tool to examine the toxicity of compost, which is the most important aspect of the quality. Now the test is widely adopted, but the main problem is that the test results vary with different methods and seed species, which limits the development and application of it. The standardization of methods and the modelization of seeds can contribute to solving the problem. Additionally, according to the probabilistic theory of seed germination, the error caused by the analysis and judgment methods of the test results can be reduced. Here, we reviewed the roles, problems and prospects of the seed germination test in the studies of compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dan Mo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, China
| | - Difang Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, China
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6
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Mejias L, Komilis D, Gea T, Sánchez A. The effect of airflow rates and aeration mode on the respiration activity of four organic wastes: Implications on the composting process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 65:22-28. [PMID: 28396169 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the airflow and of the aeration mode on the composting process of non-urban organic wastes that are found in large quantities worldwide, namely: (i) a fresh, non-digested, sewage sludge (FSS), (ii) an anaerobically digested sewage sludge (ADSS), (iii) cow manure (CM) and (iv) pig sludge (PS). This assessment was done using respirometric indices. Two aeration modes were tested, namely: (a) a constant air flowrate set at three different initial fixed airflow rates, and (b) an oxygen uptake rate (OUR)-controlled airflow rate. The four wastes displayed the same behaviour namely a limited biological activity at low aeration, while, beyond a threshold value, the increase of the airflow did not significantly increase the dynamic respiration indices (DRI1 max, DRI24 max and AT4). The threshold airflow rate varied among wastes and ranged from 42NL air kg-1DMh-1 for CM and from 67 to 77NL air kg-1DMh-1 for FSS, ADSS and PS. Comparing the two aeration modes tested (constant air flow, OUR controlled air flow), no statistically significant differences were calculated between the respiration activity indices obtained at those two aeration modes. The results can be considered representative for urban and non-urban organic wastes and establish a general procedure to measure the respiration activity without limitations by airflow. This will permit other researchers to provide consistent results during the measurement of the respiration activity. Results indicate that high airflows are not required to establish the maximum respiration activity. This can result in energy savings and the prevention of off-gas treatment problems due to the excessive aeration rate in full scale composting plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mejias
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dimitrios Komilis
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece.
| | - Teresa Gea
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Evangelou A, Chintzios V, Komilis D, Sánchez A. Effect of air flowrate on the dynamic respiration activity of the raw organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:748-752. [PMID: 27923609 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Scope of this work was to study the effect of the aeration rate on the respiration activity of the fresh organic fraction of MSW and to compare the resulting dynamic respiration indices with those of MSW derived compost. Thus, a categorization of the dynamic respiration activity of MSW throughout a composting facility is provided. A simulated organic fraction of MSW was used as a substrate and four experimental runs were performed to achieve unit airflow rates (UAF) from around 6 to 30Lairkg-1VSh-1. Six dynamic respiration activity indices were calculated and compared to the corresponding indices of stable MSW compost from a previous work. Findings indicate that the increase of the UAF results in a corresponding increase of the dynamic stability indices. Dynamic respiration activity indices above 1500 and below 520mgO2kg-1VSh-1 indicate fresh and very stable MSW materials, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Evangelou
- Laboratory of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 67132, Greece
| | - Vassilios Chintzios
- Laboratory of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 67132, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Komilis
- Laboratory of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 67132, Greece; Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Kim E, Lee DH, Won S, Ahn H. Evaluation of Optimum Moisture Content for Composting of Beef Manure and Bedding Material Mixtures Using Oxygen Uptake Measurement. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 29:753-8. [PMID: 26954138 PMCID: PMC4852240 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Moisture content influences physiological characteristics of microbes and physical structure of solid matrices during composting of animal manure. If moisture content is maintained at a proper level, aerobic microorganisms show more active oxygen consumption during composting due to increased microbial activity. In this study, optimum moisture levels for composting of two bedding materials (sawdust, rice hull) and two different mixtures of bedding and beef manure (BS, Beef cattle manure+sawdust; BR, Beef cattle manure+rice hull) were determined based on oxygen uptake rate measured by a pressure sensor method. A broad range of oxygen uptake rates (0.3 to 33.3 mg O2/g VS d) were monitored as a function of moisture level and composting feedstock type. The maximum oxygen consumption of each material was observed near the saturated condition, which ranged from 75% to 98% of water holding capacity. The optimum moisture content of BS and BR were 70% and 57% on a wet basis, respectively. Although BS’s optimum moisture content was near saturated state, its free air space kept a favorable level (above 30%) for aerobic composting due to the sawdust’s coarse particle size and bulking effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjong Kim
- Department of Animal Biosystems Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Lee
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonju 55365, Korea
| | - Seunggun Won
- Department of Animal Resources, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Daegu University, Daegu 38453, Korea
| | - Heekwon Ahn
- Department of Animal Biosystems Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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9
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Almeira N, Komilis D, Barrena R, Gea T, Sánchez A. The importance of aeration mode and flowrate in the determination of the biological activity and stability of organic wastes by respiration indices. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:256-262. [PMID: 26253909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different air flowrates and different aeration modes on the respiration activity of three organic substrates of different stability degree: (i) a constant flowrate and (ii) a continuously adjusted air flowrate that optimized the oxygen uptake rate (OUR). Above 20L air kg(-1)DMh(-1), at the constant flow regime, the resulting dynamic respiration index at 24h (DRI24) and the cumulative respiration at four days (AT4) were statistically similar. At the OUR based aeration regime, the DRI24 and AT4 were statistically similar at all initial flowrates tested. Above a minimum threshold, cumulative air flow of around 3000Lairkg(-1) DM during a 5day period, the respiration activity was similar, particularly for the two less active substrates. This study highlights the importance of selecting the aeration to obtain reliable measures of biological activity and stability in organic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Almeira
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dimitrios Komilis
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Gea
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Di Lonardo MC, Binner E, Lombardi F. Influence assessment of a lab-scale ripening process on the quality of mechanically-biologically treated MSW for possible recovery. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 43:50-60. [PMID: 26074212 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of an additional ripening process on the quality of mechanically-biologically treated MSW was evaluated in the prospective of recovering the end material, rather than landfilling. The biostabilised waste (BSW) coming from one of the MBT plants of Rome was therefore subjected to a ripening process in slightly aerated lab test cells. An in-depth investigation on the biological reactivity was performed by means of different types of tests (aerobic and anaerobic biological tests, as well as FT-IR spectroscopy method). A physical-chemical characterisation of waste samples progressively taken during the ripening phase was carried out, as well. In addition, the ripened BSW quality was assessed by comparing the characteristics of a compost sampled at the composting plant of Rome which treat source segregated organic wastes. Results showed that the additional ripening process allowed to obtain a better quality of the biostabilised waste, by achieving a much higher biological stability compared to BSW as-received and similar to that of the tested compost. An important finding was the lower heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) release in water phase at the end of the ripening compared to the as-received BSW, showing that metals were mainly bound to solid organic matter. As a result, the ripened waste, though not usable in agriculture as found for the compost sample, proved anyhow to be potentially suitable for land reclamation purposes, such as in landfills as cover material or mixed with degraded and contaminated soil for organic matter and nutrients supply and for metals recovery, respectively. In conclusion the study highlights the need to extend and optimise the biological treatment in the MBT facilities and opens the possibility to recover the output waste instead of landfilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Di Lonardo
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Erwin Binner
- Institute of Waste Management (ABF-BOKU), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 107, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesco Lombardi
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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11
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Tsutsui H, Fujiwara T, Inoue D, Ito R, Matsukawa K, Funamizu N. Relationship between respiratory quotient, nitrification, and nitrous oxide emissions in a forced aerated composting process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 42:10-16. [PMID: 25987285 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the relationship between respiratory quotient (RQ) and nitrification and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in forced aerated composting using lab-scale reactors. Relatively high RQ values from degradation of readily degradable organics initially occurred. RQ then stabilized at slightly lower values, then decreased. Continuous emission of N2O was observed during the RQ decrease. Correlation between nitrification and N2O emission shows that the latter was triggered by nitrification. Mass balances demonstrated that the O2 consumption of nitrification (∼24.8mmol) was slightly higher than that of CO2 emission (∼20.0mmol), indicating that the RQ decrease was caused by the occurrence of nitrification. Results indicate that RQ is a useful index, which not only reflects the bioavailability of organics but also predicts the occurrence of nitrification and N2O emission in forced aerated composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tsutsui
- Research and Education Faculty, Natural Sciences Cluster, Agriculture Unit, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan.
| | - Taku Fujiwara
- Research and Education Faculty, Natural Sciences Cluster, Agriculture Unit, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan
| | - Ryusei Ito
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan
| | - Kazutsugu Matsukawa
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Life and Environmental Medicine Science Unit, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Funamizu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan
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12
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Aspray TJ, Dimambro ME, Wallace P, Howell G, Frederickson J. Static, dynamic and inoculum augmented respiration based test assessment for determining in-vessel compost stability. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 42:3-9. [PMID: 25987286 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate compost (and related industry) stability tests given recent large-scale changes to feedstock, processing techniques and compost market requirements. Five stability tests (ORG0020, DR4, Dewar self-heating, oxygen update rate (OUR) and static respiration) were evaluated on composts from ten in-vessel composting sites. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were strong for the ORG0020, OUR and DR4 (both CO2 and O2 measurement), however, OUR results required data extrapolation for highly active compost samples. By comparison the Dewar self-heating and static respiration tests had weaker correlations, in part the result of under reporting highly active, low pH samples. The findings suggest that despite differences in pre-incubation period both dynamic respiration tests (ORG0020 and DR4) are best suited to deal with the wide range of compost stabilities found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Aspray
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - Phil Wallace
- Phil Wallace Limited, 26 Westland, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich IP5 3SU, UK
| | - Graham Howell
- Environment, Earth and Ecosystems, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - James Frederickson
- Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
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13
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Komilis D, Kletsas C. Static respiration indices to investigate compost stability: effect of sample weight and temperature and comparison with dynamic respiration indices. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 121:467-470. [PMID: 22850170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Goal of this work was to study the effect of sample weight and temperature on the microbial respiration indices of a static microbial respiration test used to quantify compost stability. The static respiration tests (SRT) were performed at two different temperatures (20°C and 35°C) using five different sample weights (19, 38, 56, 75 and 94 dry g). Results showed that at 35°C, as sample weight increased, the magnitude of the respiration indices reduced. In addition, the 35°C temperature resulted in higher static respiration activity indices compared to that at the 20°C for two sample weights. The static respiration tests led to 2-2.5 times lower oxygen-related indices compared to those calculated in dynamic respiration tests (DRT); the 7-day CO(2) cumulative generations were, however, almost similar for both types of tests. Respiratory quotients (RQs) were constantly between 0.8 to 1.2 during the SRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Komilis
- Laboratory of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, Xanthi 671 00, Greece.
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