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González D, Barrena R, Moral-Vico J, Irigoyen I, Sánchez A. Addressing the gaseous and odour emissions gap in decentralised biowaste community composting. Waste Manag 2024; 178:231-238. [PMID: 38412755 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Composting has demonstrated to be an effective and sustainable technology to valorise organic waste in the framework of circular economy, especially for biowaste. Composting can be performed in various technological options, from full-scale plants to community or even individual composters. However, there is scarce scientific information about the potential impact of community composting referred to gaseous emissions. This work examines the emissions of methane and nitrous oxide as main GHG, ammonia, VOC and odours from different active community composting sites placed in Spain, treating kitchen, leftovers and household biowaste. Expectedly, the gaseous emissions have an evident relation with the composting progress, represented mainly by its decrease as temperature or biological activity decreases. GHG and odour emission rates ranged from 5.3 to 815.2 mg CO2eq d-1 kg-1VS and from 69.8 to 1088.5 ou d-1 kg-1VS, respectively, generally being lower than those find in open-air full-scale composting. VOC characterization from the community composting gaseous emissions showed a higher VOC families' distribution in the emissions from initial composting phases, even though terpenes such as limonene, α-pinene and β-pinene were the most abundant VOC along the composting process occurring in the different sites studied. The results presented in this study can be the basis to evaluate systematically and scientifically the numerous current projects for a worldwide community composting implementation in decentralised biowaste management schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González
- Composting Research Group (GICOM) Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group (GICOM) Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Moral-Vico
- Composting Research Group (GICOM) Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Irigoyen
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnology and Food, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona-Iruña, Navarra, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group (GICOM) Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Sala A, Barrena R, Meyling NV, Artola A. Conidia production of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana using packed-bed bioreactor: Effect of substrate biodegradability on conidia virulence. J Environ Manage 2023; 341:118059. [PMID: 37121182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the scale-up of the conidia production of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana using two different wastes, coupled with concentration and virulence tests of the produced conidia against the pest Tenebrio molitor. Beauveria bassiana CECT 20374 was used in solid state fermentation (SSF) operating under batch strategy. Two substrates with different biodegradability (rice husk and beer draff) were tested, successfully scaling from 1.5 L to 22 L bioreactors. Higher conidia production was reached using beer draff as substrate (2.5 × 109 and 6.0 × 108 conidia g-1 dry matter in 1.5 and 22 L reactors respectively) highlighting air free porosity relevance as scale-up parameter. Concentration and dose-response tests against larvae and adult Tenebrio molitor were performed to compare strain CECT 20374 with control strain KVL 13-39 (a B. bassiana strain previously tested against T. molitor). Virulence effect of the 22 L fermentation product of strain CECT using rice husk or beer draff was tested against T. molitor adult stage. However, quality loses between conidia produced in agar plates and fermented products were observed (from 75 to 80% mortality in plates to 40% in rice husk and 50-60% in beer draff fermented products respectively). The differences between plate and fermented samples also indicated fermentation process, extraction and conservation steps as possible causes for quality losses, highlighting the need to optimize them to maximize virulence maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Sala
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Nicolai V Meyling
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, 1871, Denmark
| | - Adriana Artola
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Ghoreishi G, Barrena R, Font X. Using green waste as substrate to produce biostimulant and biopesticide products through solid-state fermentation. Waste Manag 2023; 159:84-92. [PMID: 36738589 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of green waste as a substrate in different types of microbial bioprocessing has a major impact on improving green waste valorization, very little information has been provided on this issue. The purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of using green waste to produce a biostimulant (Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)) and biopesticide (conidial spore) through solid-state fermentation. Trichoderma harzianum was selected as the inoculum of the process and the green waste was a mixture of grass clippings and pruning waste. An experiment was designed to study the effect of tryptophan concentration, proportion of grass and pruning waste, and substrate moisture on IAA and spore production. The results show that washing and using phosphate buffer has a beneficial effect on green waste quality in terms of bioproduction. The maximum IAA and spore productions reported in the current study were 101.46 µg g-1 dry matter and 3.03 × 109 spore g-1 dry matter, respectively. According to the results, IAA production increases with a higher amount of tryptophan and grass. However, the number of spores increased with lower amounts of tryptophan and grass. The model suggested the following optimized parameters for the production of spores and IAA: tryptophan 0.45 %, grass 61 %, and moisture 74 %. The effect of fermentation time was also studied, and the results show that the maximum IAA and spore production was obtained on days 3 and 7, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golafarin Ghoreishi
- GICOM research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- GICOM research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Font
- GICOM research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
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Barrena R, Vargas-García MDC, Catacora-Padilla P, Gea T, Abo Markeb A, Moral-Vico J, Sánchez A, Font X, Aspray TJ. Magnetite-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites for recovery of overloaded anaerobic digesters. Bioresour Technol 2023; 372:128632. [PMID: 36657586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of magnetite nanoparticles and nanocomposites (magnetite nanoparticles impregnated into graphene oxide) supplement on the recovery of overloaded laboratory batch anaerobic reactors was assessed using two types of starting inoculum: anaerobic granular sludge (GS) and flocculent sludge (FS). Both nanomaterials recovered methane production at a dose of 0.27 g/L within 40 days in GS. Four doses of magnetite nanoparticles from 0.075 to 1 g/L recovered the process in FS systems between 30 and 50 days relaying on the dose. The presence of nanomaterials helped to reverse the effect of volatile fatty acids inhibition and enabled microbial communities to recover but also favoured the development of certain microorganisms over others. In GS reactors, the methanogenic population changed from being mostly acetoclastic (Methanothrix soehngenii) to being dominated by hydrogenotrophic species (Methanobacterium beijingense). Nanomaterial amendment may serve as a preventative measure or provide an effective remedial solution for system recovery following overloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Del Carmen Vargas-García
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B Universidad de Almería CEIMAR Marine Campus of International Excellence, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Paula Catacora-Padilla
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Gea
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ahmad Abo Markeb
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Moral-Vico
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Font
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas J Aspray
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK; Solidsense Ltd, Bearsden, East Dunbartonshire G61 3BA, Scotland, UK
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Navarro-Segarra M, Tortosa C, Ruiz-Díez C, Desmaële D, Gea T, Barrena R, Sabaté N, Esquivel JP. A plant-like battery: a biodegradable power source ecodesigned for precision agriculture. Energy Environ Sci 2022; 15:2900-2915. [PMID: 35923415 PMCID: PMC9277620 DOI: 10.1039/d2ee00597b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural environment has always been a source of inspiration for the research community. Nature has evolved over thousands of years to create the most complex living systems, with the ability to leverage inner and outside energetic interactions in the most efficient way. This work presents a flow battery profoundly inspired by nature, which mimics the fluid transport in plants to generate electric power. The battery was ecodesigned to meet a life cycle for precision agriculture (PA) applications; from raw material selection to disposability considerations, the battery is conceived to minimize its environmental impact while meeting PA power requirements. The paper-based fluidic system relies on evaporation as the main pumping force to pull the reactants through a pair of porous carbon electrodes where the electrochemical reaction takes place. This naturally occurring transpiration effect enables to significantly expand the operational lifespan of the battery, overcoming the time-limitation of current capillary-based power sources. Most relevant parameters affecting the battery performance, such as evaporation flow and redox species degradation, are thoroughly studied to carry out device optimization. Flow rates and power outputs comparable to those of capillary-based power sources are achieved. The prototype practicality has been demonstrated by powering a wireless plant-caring device. Standardized biodegradability and phytotoxicity assessments show that the battery is harmless to the environment at the end of its operational lifetime. Placing sustainability as the main driver leads to the generation of a disruptive battery concept that aims to address societal needs within the planetary environmental boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Navarro-Segarra
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC) C/dels Tillers sn, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Carles Tortosa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC) C/dels Tillers sn, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Díez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC) C/dels Tillers sn, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Denis Desmaële
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC) C/dels Tillers sn, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Teresa Gea
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Neus Sabaté
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC) C/dels Tillers sn, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Esquivel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC) C/dels Tillers sn, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park 48940 Leioa Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48009 Bilbao Spain
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Casals E, Barrena R, Gonzalez E, Font X, Sánchez A, Puntes V. Historical Perspective of the Addition of Magnetic Nanoparticles Into Anaerobic Digesters (2014-2021). Front Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.745610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of magnetic nanoparticles to batch anaerobic digestion was first reported in 2014. Afterwards, the number of works dealing with this subject has been increasing year by year. The discovery of the enhancement of anaerobic digestion by adding iron-based nanoparticles has created a multidisciplinary emerging research field. As a consequence, in the last years, great efforts have been made to understand the enhancement mechanisms by which magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) addition enhances the anaerobic digestion process of numerous organic wastes. Some hypotheses point to the dissolution of iron as essential iron for anaerobic digestion development, and the state of oxidation of iron NPs that can reduce organic matter to methane. The evolution and trends of this novel topic are discussed in this manuscript. Perspectives on the needed works on this topic are also presented.
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Sala A, Vittone S, Barrena R, Sánchez A, Artola A. Scanning agro-industrial wastes as substrates for fungal biopesticide production: Use of Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma harzianum in solid-state fermentation. J Environ Manage 2021; 295:113113. [PMID: 34214791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a waste valorisation option, agro-industrial residues (rice husk, apple pomace, whisky draff, soy fiber, rice fiber, wheat straw, beer draff, orange peel and potato peel) were tested as feasible substrates for fungal conidia production. Solid-state fermentation tests were conducted at laboratory scale (100 g) with Beauveria bassiana or Trichoderma harzianum which conidia are reported to have biopesticide properties. Conidia concentrations with all substrates were at least two orders of magnitude above inoculum except for both fibers, thus demonstrating the possibilities of the proposed waste recovery option. Highest productions were at least 1 × 109 conidia g-1 dry matter for Beauveria bassiana using rice husk or potato peel and higher than 5 × 109 conidia g-1 dry matter for Trichoderma harzianum using beer draff, potato peel or orange pomace. Principal component analysis has been used to understand which parameters affect the most fungal conidia production for an easier evaluation of other similar wastes, being air-filled porosity and initial pH for Beauveria bassiana and cumulative oxygen consumption, initial moisture and total sugar content for Trichoderma harzianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Sala
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Edifici Q, Carrer de Les Sitges Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellatera (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvana Vittone
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Edifici Q, Carrer de Les Sitges Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellatera (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raquel Barrena
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Edifici Q, Carrer de Les Sitges Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellatera (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Edifici Q, Carrer de Les Sitges Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellatera (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adriana Artola
- GICOM Research Group Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Edifici Q, Carrer de Les Sitges Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellatera (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
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Barrena R, Vargas-García MDC, Capell G, Barańska M, Puntes V, Moral-Vico J, Sánchez A, Font X. Sustained effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticles under semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: Evolution of nanoparticles and microbial community dynamics. Sci Total Environ 2021; 777:145969. [PMID: 33676214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of adding zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) on the physicochemical, biological and biochemical responses of a semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge have been assessed. Two sets of consecutive experiments of 103 and 116 days, respectively, were carried out in triplicate. nZVI were magnetically retained in the reactors, and the effect of punctual doses (from 0.27 to 4.33 g L-1) over time was studied. Among the different parameters monitored, only methane content in the biogas was significantly higher when nZVI was added. However, this effect was progressively lost after the addition, and in 5-7 days, the methane content returned to initial values. The increase in the oxidation state of nanoparticles seems to be related to the loss of effect over time. Higher dose (4.33 g L-1) sustained positive effects for a longer time along with higher methane content, but this fact seems to be related to microbiome acclimation. Changes in microbial community structure could also play a role in the mechanisms involved in methane enhancement. In this sense, the microbial consortium analysis reported a shift in the balance among acetogenic eubacterial communities, and a marked increase in the relative abundance of members assigned to Methanothrix genus, recognized as acetoclastic species showing high affinity for acetate, which explain the rise in methane content in the biogas. This research demonstrates that biogas methane enrichment in semicontinuous anaerobic digesters can be achieved by using nZVI nanoparticles, thus increasing energy production or reducing costs of a later biogas upgrading process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- GICOM research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Del Carmen Vargas-García
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Universidad de Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Georgina Capell
- GICOM research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maja Barańska
- GICOM research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Puntes
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), P. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Moral-Vico
- GICOM research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- GICOM research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Font
- GICOM research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Carrer de les Sitges, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
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Luna-Avelar KD, Barrena R, Font X, Sánchez A, Santos-Ballardo DU, Germán-Báez LJ, Valdez-Ortiz A. A preliminary assessment of anaerobic co-digestion potential of mango and microalgal residue biomass using a design of experiments approach: Effect of thermal, physical and biological pretreatments. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Martínez-Avila O, Muñoz-Torrero P, Sánchez A, Font X, Barrena R. Valorization of agro-industrial wastes by producing 2-phenylethanol via solid-state fermentation: Influence of substrate selection on the process. Waste Manag 2021; 121:403-411. [PMID: 33445113 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2-phenylethanol (2-PE) is a value-added compound widely used in industry due to its rose-like odor and antibacterial properties that can be bioproduced using wastes as raw materials. This study presents the valorization of nine agro-industrial wastes as potential substrates for 2-PE production using an isolated 2-PE producer Pichia kudriavzevii, and the solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology as an alternative approach. The assessed substrates comprised wastes of varied traits such that each of them provided different characteristics to the fermentation. Thus, by using a principal component analysis (PCA), it was possible to identify the most significant characteristics associated with the substrates affecting the 2-PE production. Results show that L-phenylalanine biotransformation was more efficient than de novo synthesis for producing 2-PE. Besides, from the evaluated set, the maximum 2-PE production was achieved with red apple pomace, reaching 1.7 and 25.2 mg2PE per gram of used waste through de novo and L-phenylalanine biotransformation, respectively. In that scenario, volumetric productivity and precursor yield were 39.6 mg2PE L-1h-1 and 0.69 g2PE per gram of L-phenylalanine added, respectively. From the PCA, it was identified that the reducing sugars content of the substrate, the air-filled porosity of the bed and the L-phenylalanine availability were the most critical parameters (associated with the substrates) influencing the microbial activity and 2-PE production. These results suggest that the desirable traits a solid media needs for promoting 2-PE production via SSF could be reached by using a combination of wastes in a synergistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Martínez-Avila
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Patricia Muñoz-Torrero
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Font
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Mejias L, Estrada M, Barrena R, Gea T. A novel two-stage aeration strategy for Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticide production from biowaste digestate through solid-state fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Martínez-Avila O, Sánchez A, Font X, Barrena R. 2-phenylethanol (rose aroma) production potential of an isolated pichia kudriavzevii through solid-state fermentation. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Ballardo C, Vargas-García MDC, Sánchez A, Barrena R, Artola A. Adding value to home compost: Biopesticide properties through Bacillus thuringiensis inoculation. Waste Manag 2020; 106:32-43. [PMID: 32179419 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Home and community composting are considered potential tools for the self-management of organic waste. The production of added value products from biowaste is an encouraging step further to valorise this waste stream. To increase the profits of homemade compost, this paper presents a strategy to produce enriched home compost with biopesticide properties through a simple and low-cost process. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was inoculated in a home composter bin through a solid inoculum previously prepared using the same waste as substrate. The process was monitored and compared with a home composting control process without inoculation. Final composts were analysed and compared in terms of physicochemical and microbiological properties, respiration and germination indices, indicating the suitability of both to be used as organic amendments. Also, a standardized toxicity test proved that Bt-enriched compost can be safely applied to the soil. Microbiological analysis revealed highly diverse communities in both cases, with limited differences at phylum taxonomic level, but dissimilar relative abundances of species within phylum. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were dominant, with the presence of species able to transform organic matter from vegetal origin, but not usually related to compost. Bt-cristal toxin was clearly present in Bt-enriched compost, indicating the coexistence of Bt with the different microbial populations till the end of the composting process. Although Bt has been widely investigated due to its biopesticide properties, the incorporation of this microorganism to home composting level has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ballardo
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación en Residuos Sólidos, Av. Mariscal Castilla N 3989-4089, Huancayo, Peru
| | | | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adriana Artola
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Ferragamo A, Rubiño-Martín J, Betancort-Rijo J, Munari E, Sartoris B, Barrena R. Biases in the estimation of velocity dispersions and dynamical masses for galaxy clusters. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202022800011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a set of 73 numerically simulated galaxy clusters, we have characterised the statistical and physical biases for three velocity dispersion and mass estimators, namely biweight, gapper and standard deviation, in the small number of galaxies regime (Ngal ≤ 75), both for the determination of the velocity dispersion and the dynamical mass of the clusters via the σ–M relation. These results are used to define a new set of unbiased estimators, that are able to correct for those statistical biases. By applying these new estimators to a subset of simulated observations, we show that they can retrieve bias-corrected values for both the mean velocity dispersion and the mean mass.
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Sala A, Artola A, Sánchez A, Barrena R. Rice husk as a source for fungal biopesticide production by solid-state fermentation using B. bassiana and T. harzianum. Bioresour Technol 2020; 296:122322. [PMID: 31698222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation using rice husk as substrate with either Beauveria bassiana or Trichoderma harzianum was conducted on batch reactors at laboratory scale to establish optimal conditions for spore production. Time course tests were performed to determine maximum spore production time, which was 7.7 days for Beauveria bassiana and 5.7 days for Trichoderma harzianum. The effect of moisture, inoculum concentration, airflow rate, temperature and C/N ratio on spore production was evaluated by two Box-Behnken experimental designs. Final spore concentrations ranged from 2.0 × 108 to 2.0 × 109 spores g-1 dry matter. Main factors influencing spore production were moisture (optimum values of 55-60% for Trichoderma harzianum and 65-70 for Beauveria bassiana) and temperature (25 °C). The effect of mixing enhanced Trichoderma harzianum spore production while influencing negatively in the case of Beauveria bassiana. Robustness of the process has been demonstrated through statistical analysis using box-plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Sala
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Adriana Artola
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Cerda A, Artola A, Barrena R, Font X, Gea T, Sánchez A. Innovative Production of Bioproducts From Organic Waste Through Solid-State Fermentation. Front Sustain Food Syst 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Martínez-Avila O, Sánchez A, Font X, Barrena R. Fed-Batch and Sequential-Batch Approaches To Enhance the Bioproduction of 2-Phenylethanol and 2-Phenethyl Acetate in Solid-State Fermentation Residue-Based Systems. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:3389-3399. [PMID: 30816043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the use of alternative operational strategies in the solid-state fermentation of the agro-industrial leftover sugar cane bagasse (SCB) supplemented with l-phenylalanine, for bioproducing natural 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) and 2-phenethyl acetate (2-PEA) using K. marxianus. Here, fed-batch and sequential-batch have been assessed at two scales (1.6 and 22 L) as tools to increase the production, as well as to enhance the sustainability of this residue-based process. While in the reference batch strategy a maximum of 17 mg of 2-PE+2-PEA per gram of added SCB was reached at both scales, the implementation of fed-batch mode induced a production increase of 11.6% and 12.5%, respectively. Also, the production was increased by 16.9% and 2.4% as compared to the batch when a sequential-batch mode was used. Furthermore, the use of these strategies was accompanied by lower consumption of key resources like the inoculum, air, and time, promoting savings between 22% and 76% at both scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Martínez-Avila
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193 , Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193 , Spain
| | - Xavier Font
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193 , Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193 , Spain
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Martínez-Avila O, Sánchez A, Font X, Barrena R. Bioprocesses for 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethyl acetate production: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9991-10004. [PMID: 30293195 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) and 2-phenethyl acetate (2-PEA) are valuable generally recognized as safe flavoring agents widely used in industry. Perfumes, pharmaceuticals, polishes, and personal care products, are some of the final products using these compounds as additives due to their rose-like odor. Also, 2-PE is used in disinfectants, pest control, and cleaning products due to its biocide capability. Although most of these additives production are derived from chemical synthesis, the current trend of consumers to prefer natural products has contributed to the development of biotechnological approaches as an alternative way to obtain natural 2-PE and 2-PEA. The most efficient route to bioproduce these compounds is through the bioconversion of L-phenylalanine via the Ehrlich pathway, and most of the advances have been focused on the development of this process. This review compiles the most recent developments in the biotechnological production of 2-PE and 2-PEA, indicating the most studied strains producing 2-PE and 2-PEA, the current advances in the in situ product recovery in liquid systems, an overview of the strain developments, and the progress in the use of residue-based systems. Future research should address the need for more sustainable and economic systems such as those using wastes as raw materials, as well as the scale-up of the proposed technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Martínez-Avila
- Composting Research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Font
- Composting Research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Martínez O, Sánchez A, Font X, Barrena R. Enhancing the bioproduction of value-added aroma compounds via solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse and sugar beet molasses: Operational strategies and scaling-up of the process. Bioresour Technol 2018; 263:136-144. [PMID: 29738976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioproduction of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) products starting with low-cost raw materials has become significant in the biorefinery concept. Thus, the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of agro-industrial residues using GRAS strains appears as alternative to obtain aroma compounds. Here, the SSF of the mixture sugarcane bagasse/sugar beet molasses was used for producing a mixture of value-added fruit-like compounds. The study aimed to enhance the production and ester selectivity evaluating three operational strategies at three scales (0.5, 4.5 and 22 L) using non-sterilized residues. While the average total volatile production was 120 mgVol per gram of dry substrate (g-1ITS), fed-batch operation promoted the highest increases in the ester content up to 57 mgEst g-1ITS, an 88 and 59% more than in the static-batch and intermittent mixing modes respectively. Alternative operational strategies have compensated the scale-up adverse effects in the bioproduction, moving towards a sustainable large-scale application in a circular economy scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Martínez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Font
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Martínez O, Sánchez A, Font X, Barrena R. Bioproduction of 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenethyl acetate by Kluyveromyces marxianus through the solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4703-4716. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Barrena R, Traub JE, Gil CR, Goodwin JAS, Harper AJ, Willoughby NA, Sánchez A, Aspray TJ. Batch anaerobic digestion of deproteinated malt whisky pot ale using different source inocula. Waste Manag 2018. [PMID: 28648745 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel process has been developed for the selective removal of protein from pot ale with recovered protein holding potential as a value-added by-product for the whisky industry. The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of deproteination on pot ale physicochemical characterisation and anaerobic digestion (AD) treatment. Pot ales were taken from five malt whisky distilleries and tested untreated, after centrifugation/filtration and after deproteination at laboratory or pilot scale. At laboratory scale, the deproteination process removed around 20% of total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) from untreated pot ale and at least 30% dissolved copper from centrifuged pot ale. Biochemical methane potential of untreated, filtered and deproteinated pot ale obtained at pilot scale has been determined using two types of inocula from different source. Average methane yield values of 554±67, 586±24 and 501±23 Nl CH4 kg-1 VS were obtained for untreated, filtered and deproteinated pot ale respectively. A significant difference in methane yield was only observed for untreated pot ale using the two types of inocula. Specifically, when using a non-adapted inoculum untreated pot ale biogas yield was significant lower suggesting inhibition of the AD process. As no significant differences were found for treated pot ale (filtered and deproteinated) with the two inocula it suggests, deproteination may have a positive effect on AD start-up. The results present a clear case for continuation of this work and evaluating the effect on continuous AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK; Composting Research Group (GICOM), Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio E Traub
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Cristina Rodriguez Gil
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Julian A S Goodwin
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Alan J Harper
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Nik A Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas J Aspray
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
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Cerda A, Artola A, Font X, Barrena R, Gea T, Sánchez A. Composting of food wastes: Status and challenges. Bioresour Technol 2018; 248:57-67. [PMID: 28693949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review analyses the main challenges of the process of food waste composting and examines the crucial aspects related to the quality of the produced compost. Although recent advances have been made in crucial aspects of the process, such composting microbiology, improvements are needed in process monitoring. Therefore, specific problems related to food waste composting, such as the presence of impurities, are thoroughly analysed in this study. In addition, environmental impacts related to food waste composting, such as emissions of greenhouse gases and odours, are discussed. Finally, the use of food waste compost in soil bioremediation is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cerda
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Artola
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Font
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Gea
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ballardo C, Barrena R, Artola A, Sánchez A. A novel strategy for producing compost with enhanced biopesticide properties through solid-state fermentation of biowaste and inoculation with Bacillus thuringiensis. Waste Manag 2017; 70:53-58. [PMID: 28988606 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of a circular economy, organic solid wastes are considered to be resources useful for obtaining value-added products. Among other potential uses, biodegradable wastes from agricultural, industrial, and domestic sources are being studied to obtain biopesticides through solid-state fermentation (SSF), mainly at the laboratory scale. The suitability of biowaste (source-selected organic fraction of municipal solid waste) for use as a substrate for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) growth under non-sterile conditions in a 10 L SSF reactor was determined in this study. An operational strategy for setting up a semi-continuous process yielding a stabilised organic compost-like material enriched with Bt suitable for use as a soil amendment was developed. Concentrations of 1.7·107-2.2·107 and 1.3·107-2.1·107 CFU g-1 DM for Bt viable cells and spores, respectively, were obtained in the final material. As the results confirmed, Bt-enriched compost-like material with potential biopesticide properties can be produced from non-sterile biowaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ballardo
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Artola
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Yazid NA, Barrena R, Sánchez A. The immobilisation of proteases produced by SSF onto functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: Application in the hydrolysis of different protein sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Young BJ, Rizzo PF, Riera NI, Torre VD, López VA, Molina CD, Fernández FE, Crespo DC, Barrena R, Komilis D, Sánchez A. Development of phytotoxicity indexes and their correlation with ecotoxicological, stability and physicochemical parameters during passive composting of poultry manure. Waste Manag 2016; 54:101-109. [PMID: 27185192 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Both raw and composted poultry manure is applied as soil amendment. The aims of this study were: (1) to develop phytotoxicity indexes for organic wastes and composts, and (2) to assess the correlation among phytotoxicity indexes, ecotoxicological endpoints and stability and physicochemical parameters during passive composting of poultry manure. Six 2-m(3) composting piles were constructed and four parameter groups (physicochemical and microbiological parameters, ecotoxicological endpoints, and biological activity) were determined at four sampling times during 92days. Extracts were used to carry out acute toxicity tests on Daphnia magna, Lactuca sativa and Raphanus sativus. Composting decreased average toxicity 22.8% for the 3 species and D. magna was the most sensitive species. The static respiration index decreased from 1.12 to 0.46mgO2gOMh(-1) whilst organic matter reduced by 64.1% at the end of the process. Escherichia coli colonies remained higher than values recommended by international guidelines. The D. magna immobilization test allowed the assessment of possible leachate or run-off toxicity. The new phytotoxicity indexes (RGIC0.8 and GIC80%), proposed in this study, as well as salinity, proved to be good maturity indicators. Hence, these phytotoxicity indexes could be implemented in monitoring strategies as useful ecotoxicological tools. Multivariate analyses demonstrated positive correlations between ecotoxicological endpoints (low toxicity) and biological activity (stability). These two parameter groups were associated at the final sampling time and showed negative correlations with several physicochemical parameters (organic and inorganic contents). The final poultry manure compost was rendered stable, but immature and, thus, unsuitable for soil amending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Jonathan Young
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Federico Rizzo
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Iván Riera
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Della Torre
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Alejandra López
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Denisse Molina
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Estefanía Fernández
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana Cristina Crespo
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Dimitrios Komilis
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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García-Asensio S, Guelbenzu S, Barrena R, Valero P. Technical Aspects of Intra-Arterial Electroencephalogram Recording. Interv Neuroradiol 2016; 5:289-300. [DOI: 10.1177/159101999900500405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/1999] [Accepted: 10/25/1999] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this prospective study is to show a technique for recording electroencephalographic activity via an endovascular approach in presurgical evaluation of epileptic patients. Technical aspects and insertion strategy are outlined. Advantages of intra-arterial electroencephalography have been demonstrated. It is a semi-invasive procedure that provides information in temporal lobe and extratemporal epilepsy. It allows a dynamic electroencephalographic recording and patient tolerance is excellent. Risks are practically absent. Disadvantages are: in comparison to ovale electrodes, chronic and multicontact recording is not possible and the recording is only intercritical.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. García-Asensio
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Miguel Servet Hospital; Zaragoza
| | - S. Guelbenzu
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Miguel Servet Hospital; Zaragoza
| | - R. Barrena
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Miguel Servet Hospital; Zaragoza
| | - P. Valero
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Miguel Servet Hospital; Zaragoza
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Ballardo C, Abraham J, Barrena R, Artola A, Gea T, Sánchez A. Valorization of soy waste through SSF for the production of compost enriched with Bacillus thuringiensis with biopesticide properties. J Environ Manage 2016; 169:126-31. [PMID: 26731311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing generation of biodegradable wastes from different human activities from industrial to agricultural including home and recreational activities. On the other hand, agricultural and horticultural activities require significant amounts of organic amendments and pesticides. In this framework, the present study evaluates the viability of soy fiber residue valorization as organic soil amendment with biopesticide properties through aerobic solid-state fermentation (SSF) in the presence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The experiments were performed first under sterile and non-sterile conditions at lab scale using 115 g of sample and controlled temperature (30 °C). Bt growth was successful in sterile conditions, obtaining 6.2 × 10(11) CFU g(-1) DM and 8.6 × 10(10) spores g(-1) DM after 6 days. Bt survived on solid culture under non-sterile conditions (3.8 × 10(9) CFU g(-1) DM and 1.3 × 10(8) spores g(-1) DM). Further, the valorization process was scaled-up to 10 L reactors (2300 g) under non-sterile conditions obtaining a final stabilized material with viable Bt cells and spores (9.5 × 10(7) CFU g(-1) DM and 1.1 × 10(8) spores g(-1) DM in average) after 9 days of SSF. These results confirm the possibility of managing biodegradable wastes by their transformation to a waste derived soil amendment with enhanced biopesticide effect, in comparison to traditional compost using a valuable and low-cost technique (SSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ballardo
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Abraham
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Artola
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa Gea
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Yazid NA, Barrena R, Sánchez A. Assessment of protease activity in hydrolysed extracts from SSF of hair waste by and indigenous consortium of microorganisms. Waste Manag 2016; 49:420-426. [PMID: 26856443 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hair wastes from the tannery industry were assessed for its suitability as substrates for protease production by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using a pilot-batch mode operation and anaerobically digested sludge as co-substrate. Maximum protease activity (52,230±1601 U g(-1) DM) was observed at the 14th day of SSF. Single step purification resulted in 2 fold purification with 74% of recovery by ultrafiltration with 10 kDa cut-off. The recovered enzyme was stable at a temperature of 30°C and pH 11; optimal conditions that were determined by a central composite full factorial experimental design. The enzyme activity was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, which indicates that it belongs to serine protease group. The remaining solid material after protease extraction could be easily stabilized to obtain a final good quality compost-like material as the final dynamic respiration index was lower than 1 g O2 kg(-1) OM h(-1). The lyophilized recovered enzymes were a good alternative in the process of cowhides dehairing with respect to the current chemical treatment, avoiding the production of solid wastes and highly polluted wastewaters. In conclusion, the entire process can be considered a low-cost sustainable technology for the dehairing process, closing the organic matter cycle in the form of value added product and a compost-like material from a waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraziah Abu Yazid
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Almeira N, Komilis D, Barrena R, Gea T, Sánchez A. The importance of aeration mode and flowrate in the determination of the biological activity and stability of organic wastes by respiration indices. Bioresour Technol 2015; 196:256-262. [PMID: 26253909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different air flowrates and different aeration modes on the respiration activity of three organic substrates of different stability degree: (i) a constant flowrate and (ii) a continuously adjusted air flowrate that optimized the oxygen uptake rate (OUR). Above 20L air kg(-1)DMh(-1), at the constant flow regime, the resulting dynamic respiration index at 24h (DRI24) and the cumulative respiration at four days (AT4) were statistically similar. At the OUR based aeration regime, the DRI24 and AT4 were statistically similar at all initial flowrates tested. Above a minimum threshold, cumulative air flow of around 3000Lairkg(-1) DM during a 5day period, the respiration activity was similar, particularly for the two less active substrates. This study highlights the importance of selecting the aeration to obtain reliable measures of biological activity and stability in organic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Almeira
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dimitrios Komilis
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Gea
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Oviedo-Ocaña ER, Torres-Lozada P, Marmolejo-Rebellon LF, Hoyos LV, Gonzales S, Barrena R, Komilis D, Sanchez A. Stability and maturity of biowaste composts derived by small municipalities: Correlation among physical, chemical and biological indices. Waste Manag 2015; 44:63-71. [PMID: 26216503 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stability and maturity are important criteria to guarantee the quality of a compost that is applied to agriculture or used as amendment in degraded soils. Although different techniques exist to evaluate stability and maturity, the application of laboratory tests in municipalities in developing countries can be limited due to cost and application complexities. In the composting facilities of such places, some classical low cost on-site tests to monitor the composting process are usually implemented; however, such tests do not necessarily clearly identify conditions of stability and maturity. In this article, we have applied and compared results of stability and maturity tests that can be easily employed on site (i.e. temperature, pH, moisture, electrical conductivity [EC], odor and color), and of tests that require more complex laboratory techniques (volatile solids, C/N ratio, self-heating, respirometric index, germination index [GI]). The evaluation of the above was performed in the field scale using 2 piles of biowaste applied compost. The monitoring period was from day 70 to day 190 of the process. Results showed that the low-cost tests traditionally employed to monitor the composting process on-site, such as temperature, color and moisture, do not provide consistent determinations with the more complex laboratory tests used to assess stability (e.g. respiration index, self-heating, volatile solids). In the case of maturity tests (GI, pH, EC), both the on-site tests (pH, EC) and the laboratory test (GI) provided consistent results. Although, stability was indicated for most of the samples, the maturity tests indicated that products were consistently immature. Thus, a stable product is not necessarily mature. Conclusively, the decision on the quality of the compost in the installations located in developing countries requires the simultaneous use of a combination of tests that are performed both in the laboratory and on-site.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Oviedo-Ocaña
- Grupo de Investigación Estudio y Control de la Contaminación Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia; Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, Faculta de Ingeniería Fisico-mecánica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27 Calle 9, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - P Torres-Lozada
- Grupo de Investigación Estudio y Control de la Contaminación Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - L F Marmolejo-Rebellon
- Grupo de Investigación Estudio y Control de la Contaminación Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - L V Hoyos
- Grupo de Investigación Estudio y Control de la Contaminación Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - S Gonzales
- Grupo de Investigación Estudio y Control de la Contaminación Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - R Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D Komilis
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Sanchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Artola
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Gea
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Font
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Santos-Ballardo DU, Font-Segura X, Ferrer AS, Barrena R, Rossi S, Valdez-Ortiz A. Valorisation of biodiesel production wastes: Anaerobic digestion of residual Tetraselmis suecica biomass and co-digestion with glycerol. Waste Manag Res 2015; 33:250-7. [PMID: 25737140 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x15572182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the principal opportunity areas in the development of the microalgal biodiesel industry is the energy recovery from the solid microalgal biomass residues to optimise the fuel production. This work reports the cumulative methane yields reached from the anaerobic digestion of the solid microalgal biomass residues using different types of inocula, reporting also the improvement of biogas production using the co-digestion of microalgal biomass with glycerol. Results demonstrate that the solid microalgal biomass residues showed better biogas production using a mesophilic inoculum, reaching almost two-fold higher methane production than under thermophilic conditions. Furthermore, the solid microalgal biomass residues methane production rate showed an increase from 173.78 ± 9.57 to 438.46 ± 40.50 mL of methane per gram of volatile solids, when the co-digestion with glycerol was performed. These results are crucial to improve the energy balance of the biodiesel production from Tetraselmis suecica, as well as proposing an alternative way to treat the wastes derived from the microalgae biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- David U Santos-Ballardo
- Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Xavier Font-Segura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez Ferrer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Unidad de sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Angel Valdez-Ortiz
- Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
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33
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Maulini-Duran C, Abraham J, Rodríguez-Pérez S, Cerda A, Jiménez-Peñalver P, Gea T, Barrena R, Artola A, Font X, Sánchez A. Gaseous emissions during the solid state fermentation of different wastes for enzyme production at pilot scale. Bioresour Technol 2015; 179:211-218. [PMID: 25545090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), CH4, N2O and NH3 during the solid state fermentation process of some selected wastes to obtain different enzymes have been determined at pilot scale. Orange peel+compost (OP), hair wastes+raw sludge (HW) and winterization residue+raw sludge (WR) have been processed in duplicate in 50 L reactors to provide emission factors and to identify the different VOC families present in exhaust gaseous emissions. Ammonia emission from HW fermentation (3.2±0.5 kg Mg(-1) dry matter) and VOC emission during OP processes (18±6 kg Mg(-1) dry matter) should be considered in an industrial application of these processes. Terpenes have been the most emitted VOC family during all the processes although the emission of sulphide molecules during HW SSF is notable. The most emitted compound was dimethyl disulfide in HW and WR processes, and limonene in the SSF of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Maulini-Duran
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Abraham
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheila Rodríguez-Pérez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Cerda
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Peñalver
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Gea
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Artola
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Font
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Sánchez A, Artola A, Font X, Gea T, Barrena R, Gabriel D, Sánchez-Monedero MÁ, Roig A, Cayuela ML, Mondini C. Greenhouse Gas from Organic Waste Composting: Emissions and Measurement. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11906-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Casals E, Barrena R, García A, González E, Delgado L, Busquets-Fité M, Font X, Arbiol J, Glatzel P, Kvashnina K, Sánchez A, Puntes V. Programmed iron oxide nanoparticles disintegration in anaerobic digesters boosts biogas production. Small 2014; 10:2801-8, 2741. [PMID: 24692328 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel concept of dosing iron ions using Fe3O4 engineered nanoparticles is used to improve biogas production in anaerobic digestion processes. Since small nanoparticles are unstable, they can be designed to provide ions in a controlled manner, and the highest ever reported improvement of biogas production is obtained. The nanoparticles evolution during operation is followed by an array of spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eudald Casals
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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Barrena R, Font X, Gabarrell X, Sánchez A. Home composting versus industrial composting: influence of composting system on compost quality with focus on compost stability. Waste Manag 2014; 34:1109-1116. [PMID: 24594253 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stability is one of the most important properties of compost obtained from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. This property is essential for the application of compost to land to avoid further field degradation and emissions of odors, among others. In this study, a massive characterization of compost samples from both home producers and industrial facilities is presented. Results are analyzed in terms of chemical and respiration characterizations, the latter representing the stability of the compost. Results are also analyzed in terms of statistical validation. The main conclusion from this work is that home composting, when properly conducted, can achieve excellent levels of stability, whereas industrial compost produced in the studied facilities can also present a high stability, although an important dispersion is found in these composts. The study also highlights the importance of respiration techniques to have a reliable characterization of compost quality, while the chemical characterization does not provide enough information to have a complete picture of a compost sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Edifici Q Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Xavier Font
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Edifici Q Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Xavier Gabarrell
- SosteniPrA Research Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Edifici C Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Edifici Q Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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Pognani M, Barrena R, Font X, Sánchez A. A complete mass balance of a complex combined anaerobic/aerobic municipal source-separated waste treatment plant. Waste Manag 2012; 32:799-805. [PMID: 22261421 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study a combined anaerobic/aerobic full-scale treatment plant designed for the treatment of the source-separated organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was monitored over a period of one year. During this period, full information was collected about the waste input material, the biogas production, the main rejects and the compost characteristics. The plant includes mechanical pre-treatment, dry thermophilic anaerobic digestion, tunnel composting system and a curing phase to produce compost. To perform the monitoring of the entire plant and the individual steps, traditional chemical methods were used but they present important limitations in determining the critical points and the efficiency of the stabilization of the organic matter. Respiration indices (dynamic and cumulative) allowed for the quantitative calculation of the efficiency of each treatment unit. The mass balance was calculated and expressed in terms of Mgy(-1) of wet (total) matter, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Results show that during the pre-treatment step about 32% of the initial wet matter is rejected without any treatment. This also reduces the biodegradability of the organic matter that continues to the treatment process. About 50% of the initial nitrogen and 86.4% of the initial phosphorus are found in the final compost. The final compost also achieves a high level of stabilization with a dynamic respiration index of 0.3±0.1g O(2) per kg of total solids per hour, which implies a reduction of 93% from that of the raw OFMSW, without considering the losses of biodegradable organic matter in the refuse (32% of the total input). The anaerobic digestion process is the main contributor to this stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pognani
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Pognani M, Barrena R, Font X, Sánchez A. Effect of freezing on the conservation of the biological activity of organic solid wastes. Bioresour Technol 2012; 104:832-836. [PMID: 22172656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of freezing on the indigenous biological activity of an organic waste, five types of organic wastes (raw sludge [RS], municipal solid waste [MSW], partially processed municipal solid waste [MSWpp], digested sludge [DS] and composted organic fraction of municipal solid waste [OFMSWc]) were frozen and stored during different times to identify if the interruption of the native biological activity was recovered. Respiration indices (DRI(24h) and AT(4)) were used to determine the biological activity expressed as oxygen consumption. ANOVA analysis was used to compare the results. Respiration indices of RS, DS, MSWpp and OFMSWc were not affected by freezing storage during 1 year. Contrarily, respiration indices of MSW samples were statistically different after 52 and 20 weeks of freezing storage (DRI(24h) and AT(4), respectively). Regarding the lag phase and the time to reach maximum respiration activity, frozen samples induced a significant change in the organic samples analyzed except for OFMSWc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pognani
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Santis-Navarro A, Gea T, Barrena R, Sánchez A. Production of lipases by solid state fermentation using vegetable oil-refining wastes. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:10080-10084. [PMID: 21903382 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipases were produced by a microbial consortium derived from a mixture of wastewater sludges in a medium containing solid industrial wastes rich in fats, under thermophilic conditions (temperature higher than 45°C for 20 days) in 4.5-L reactors. The lipases were extracted from the solid medium using 100mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0 and a cationic surfactant agent (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride). Different doses of surfactant and buffer were tested according to a full factorial experimental design. The extracted lipases were most active at 61-65°C and at pH 7.7-9. For the solid samples, the lipolytic activity reached up to 120,000 UA/g of dry matter. These values are considerably higher than those previously reported in literature for solid-state fermentation and highlight the possibility to work with the solid wastes as effective biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Santis-Navarro
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Pognani M, Barrena R, Font X, Adani F, Scaglia B, Sánchez A. Evolution of organic matter in a full-scale composting plant for the treatment of sewage sludge and biowaste by respiration techniques and pyrolysis-GC/MS. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:4536-43. [PMID: 21256004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A full-scale composting plant treating in two parallel lines sewage sludge and the source-selected organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW or biowaste) has been completely monitored. Chemical routine analysis proved not to be suitable for an adequate plant monitoring in terms of stabilization and characterization of the process and final compost properties. However, the dynamic respiration index demonstrated to be the most feasible tool to determine the progression of the degradation and stabilization of organic matter for both sewage sludge and OFMSW lines. Both lines exhibited an important degree of stabilization of organic matter using rapid and cumulative respiration indices. Pyrolysis-GC/MS was applied to the most important inputs, outputs, and intermediate points of the plant. It proved to be a powerful tool for the qualitative characterization of molecular composition of organic matter present in solid samples. A full characterization of the samples considered is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pognani
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
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Barrena R, Turet J, Busquets A, Farrés M, Font X, Sánchez A. Respirometric screening of several types of manure and mixtures intended for composting. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:1367-1377. [PMID: 20888220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The viability of mixtures from manure and agricultural wastes as composting sources were systematically studied using a physicochemical and biological characterization. The combination of different parameters such as C:N ratio, free air space (FAS) and moisture content can help in the formulation of the mixtures. Nevertheless, the composting process may be challenging, particularly at industrial scales. The results of this study suggest that if the respirometric potential is known, it is possible to predict the behaviour of a full scale composting process. Respiration indices can be used as a tool for determining the suitability of composting as applied to manure and complementary wastes. Accordingly, manure and agricultural wastes with a high potential for composting and some proposed mixtures have been characterized in terms of respiration activity. Specifically, the potential of samples to be composted has been determined by means of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and the dynamic respirometric index (DRI). During this study, four of these mixtures were composted at full scale in a system consisting of a confined pile with forced aeration. The biological activity was monitored by means of the oxygen uptake rate inside the material (OURinsitu). This new parameter represents the real activity of the process. The comparison between the potential respirometric activities at laboratory scale with the in situ respirometric activity observed at full scale may be a useful tool in the design and optimization of composting systems for manure and other organic agricultural wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Pognani M, Barrena R, Font X, Scaglia B, Adani F, Sánchez A. Monitoring the organic matter properties in a combined anaerobic/aerobic full-scale municipal source-separated waste treatment plant. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:6873-6877. [PMID: 20385487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Respiration indices (dynamic and cumulative) and the anaerobic biogasification potential are applied to the quantitative calculation of the biodegradation efficiency in a combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). They also permit to observe possible deficiencies in some parts of the entire sequence of organic matter decomposition. On the contrary, chemical methods presented a limited utility. Dynamic respiration indices highlighted that anaerobic digestion was the most efficient step to reduce the respiration activity of the waste (61% calculated on a DRI(24h) basis). Respirometric activity of final compost was 93% lower than initial OFMSW confirming the overall efficiency of the plant studied and the stability of the final product (0.3g O(2) kg TS(-1)h(-1)). Finally, the use of an advanced methodology such as the Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transformed (DRIFT) allows the determination of the main functional groups of organic matter, which significantly change during the biological treatment of organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pognani
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Barrena R, Casals E, Colón J, Font X, Sánchez A, Puntes V. Evaluation of the ecotoxicity of model nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2009; 75:850-7. [PMID: 19264345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since society at large became aware of the use of nanomaterials in ever growing quantities in consumer products and their presence in the environment, critical interest in the impact of this emerging technology has grown. The main concern is whether the unknown risks of engineered nanoparticles (NPs), in particular their impact on health and environment, outweighs their established benefits for society. Therefore, a key issue in this field is to evaluate their potential toxicity. In this context we evaluated the effects on plants and microorganisms of model nanoparticles, in particular of a stable metal (Au, 10nm mean diameter), a well-known bactericide (Ag, 2 nm mean diameter) and the broadly used Fe(3)O(4) (7 nm mean diameter). The toxicity of these nanoparticles was assayed using standard toxicity tests. Specifically, germination (cucumber and lettuce), bioluminescent (Photobacterium phosphoreum) and anaerobic toxicity tests were performed. Germination tests were conducted at a NP dose of 62, 100 and 116 microg mL(-1) for Au, Ag, and Fe(3)O(4), respectively. The bioluminscent testing (P. phosphoreum) was conducted at a dose of 28, 45 and 52 microg mL(-1) for Au, Ag, and Fe(3)O(4), respectively. Finally, anaerobic tests were conducted at a NP dose of 10, 16 and 18 microg mL(-1) for Au, Ag, and Fe(3)O(4), respectively. In all cases low or zero toxicity was observed. However, some perturbation of the normal functions with respect to controls in germinating tests was observed, suggesting the necessity for further research in this field. At the same time, the effect of NP-solvents was sometimes more significant than that of the NPs themselves, a point that is of special interest for future nanotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Tecnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Barrena R, d'Imporzano G, Ponsá S, Gea T, Artola A, Vázquez F, Sánchez A, Adani F. In search of a reliable technique for the determination of the biological stability of the organic matter in the mechanical-biological treated waste. J Hazard Mater 2009; 162:1065-1072. [PMID: 18606494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The biological stability determines the extent to which readily biodegradable organic matter has decomposed. In this work, a massive estimation of indices suitable for the measurement of biological stability of the organic matter content in solid waste samples has been carried out. Samples from different stages in a mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) plant treating municipal solid wastes (MSW) were selected as examples of different stages of organic matter stability in waste biological treatment. Aerobic indices based on respiration techniques properly reflected the process of organic matter biodegradation. Static and dynamic respirometry showed similar values in terms of aerobic biological activity (expressed as oxygen uptake rate, OUR), whereas cumulative oxygen consumption was a reliable method to express the biological stability of organic matter in solid samples. Methods based on OUR and cumulative oxygen consumption were positively correlated. Anaerobic methods based on biogas production (BP) tests also reflected well the degree of biological stability, although significant differences were found in solid and liquid BP assays. A significant correlation was found between cumulative oxygen consumption and ultimate biogas production. The results obtained in this study can be a basis for the quantitative measurement of the efficiency in the stabilization of organic matter in waste treatment plants, including MBT plants, anaerobic digestion of MSW and composting plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Barrena R, Artola A, Vázquez F, Sánchez A. The use of composting for the treatment of animal by-products: Experiments at lab scale. J Hazard Mater 2009; 161:380-386. [PMID: 18479815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Animal by-products (ABP), containing mainly rabbit and chicken carcasses were composted at laboratory scale. Results indicate that if proper conditions are used, wastes can be successfully composted and stabilised meeting current European hygienisation standards regarding the disposal of this type of wastes. During the process, temperatures above 60 degrees C were easily reached and maintained for 2 days at least, due to the high energy potential of these materials. However, care must be taken to ensure that these temperatures are reached in the entire reactor to guarantee proper hygienisation of the material. These high temperatures may bring about operational problems such as moisture losses due to very high airflows required for their control. Biological activity indices, such as respiration index (RI) and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) used for the monitoring of the process, were able to indicate potential and actual conditions within the composting reactor, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Castro E, Villoria F, Castaño C, Romance A, Mendez JC, Barrena R, Fortea F. Spanish Registry for Embolization of Small Intracranial Aneurysms with Cerecyte Coils (SPAREC) Study. Early Experience and Mid-Term Follow-up Results. Interv Neuroradiol 2009; 14:375-84. [PMID: 20557737 DOI: 10.1177/159101990801400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY This study aimed to report the results obtained in treating small ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms using Cerecyte coils. A prospective, non-randomized multicenter registry operating in Spain with a reporting period between May 2005 and September 2007.We present clinical and angiographic results for 48 small aneurysms (26 ruptured, five with III cranial nerve paresis, and 17 incidental) that had undergone six months' follow-up. The volumetric percentage occlusion (VPO) achieved and percentage bioactive coils (PBC) used were assessed. No episodes of bleeding occurred during the follow-up period. The technical complication rate was 10.4% (five cases): four thromboembolic complications resolved with medication (8.3%) and one asymptomatic protrusion of a coil into the parent vessel. The clinical complication rate for the procedure was 2.1% (occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery in a ruptured anterior choroidal anaeurysm). Mean VPO was 25.2%. Balloon-assisted technique (BAT) was used in 60.4% of cases. The VPO was higher in the BAT-treated cases (P < 0.05). The overall six-month recanalization rate was 16.7% (12.5% minor and 4.2% major recanalizations). Neck size and VPO were unrelated to the recanalization rate. The PBC was higher in cases with progressive Deployment of the device is safe from the standpoint of periprocedural technical and clinical complications. No episodes of hemorrhage were recorded during follow-up. The sixmonth recanalization and retreatment rates compared favorably with most endovascular platinum and bioactive coil series.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Castro
- Departments of Radiology, Neuroradiology Units: Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Madrid, Spain -
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Barrena R, Vázquez F, Sánchez A. Dehydrogenase activity as a method for monitoring the composting process. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:905-8. [PMID: 17363242 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrogenase enzymatic activity was determined to monitor the biological activity in a composting process of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Dehydrogenase activity is proposed as a method to describe the biological activity of the thermophilic and mesophilic stages of composting. The maximum dehydrogenase activity was detected at the end of the thermophilic stage of composting, with values within 0.5-0.7mgg dry matter(-1)h(-1). Also, dehydrogenase activity can be correlated to static respiration index during the maturation mesophilic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
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Gea T, Barrena R, Artola A, Sánchez A. Optimal bulking agent particle size and usage for heat retention and disinfection in domestic wastewater sludge composting. Waste Manag 2007; 27:1108-16. [PMID: 17008084 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Composting of two types of sludge produced in wastewater treatment plants, raw sludge (RS) and anaerobically digested sludge (ADS), has been systematically studied by means of the experimental design technique. The results have been analyzed using a full factorial experimental design in order to determine the optimal conditions for composting such sludges in terms of bulking agent particle size and bulking agent:sludge volumetric ratio, two of the key parameters to ensure an optimal performance of the composting process. The objective function selected was a simulated death kinetics of Salmonella, which was chosen as a model pathogen microorganism to represent the disinfection of the material. For both types of sludge, optimal values were found at 5mm bulking agent particle size and 1:1 bulking agent:sludge volumetric ratio when a Gaussian function was fitted to the experimental data. Pilot scale experiments using optimal values obtained were successfully undertaken and confirmed a full disinfection of the sludge by means of the composting process. A mathematical model to simulate the disinfection performance of a composting material is presented. The model can be applied to simulate the disinfection performance of a given pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gea
- Composting Research Group, Departament Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08913-Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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Barrena R, Pagans EL, Artola A, Vázquez F, Sánchez A. Co-composting of hair waste from the tanning industry with de-inking and municipal wastewater sludges. Biodegradation 2006; 18:257-68. [PMID: 16821102 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-006-9060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Production of waste hair in the leather manufacturing industry is increasing every year due to the adoption of hair-save unhairing techniques, leaving the tanners with the problem of coping with yet another solid by-product. Numerous potential strategies for hair utilisation have been proposed. However, the use of hair waste as agricultural fertiliser is one of its most promising applications due to the high nitrogen content of hair. Agricultural value of hair can be increased by composting. This paper deals with the composting of hair from the unhairing of bovine hide. Results indicated that hair cannot be either composted on its own or co-composted with de-inking sludge, a chemical complementary co-substrate. However, good results were obtained when co-composted with raw sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant at hair:raw sludge weight ratios 1:1, 1:2 and, 1:4 in lab scale and pilot plant scale composters. In all cases, a more stable product was achieved at the end of the process. Composting in the pilot plant composter was effectively monitored using Static Respiration Indices determined at process temperature at sampling (SRI(T)) and at 37 degrees C (SRI(37)). Notably, SRI(T) values were more sensitive to changes in the biological activity. In contrast, Respiratory Quotient (RQ) values were not adequate to follow the development of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Pérez López-Fraile MI, Barrena R, Montoya J, Marta E. [Evolution until death of two members of a family with A3243G mutation and MELAS phenotype versus diabetes mellitus]. Neurologia 2006; 21:327-32. [PMID: 16799910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The A3243G gene tRNALeu(UUR) mutation has different phenotypic expressions. The clinical outcome and survival of each phenotype are mostly unknown. We followed-up two of three family members, carriers of the A3243G mutation, until their death. CLINICAL CASE The proband case had MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, stroke) phenotype. Although he presented with a stroke-like episode, he developed recurrent generalized and partial epileptic seizures without associated stroke-like episodes over time as well as slowly progressive dementia. The cognitive performance greatly worsened after a complex partial epileptic status. He died from bronchopneumonia and septic shock eleven years after diagnosis. His sister remains asymptomatic. His mother was diagnosed of diabetes mellitus and deafness when she was 53. Seventeen years later she developed a single stroke-like episode. She died one year after from acute renal failure and cardiogenic shock following sympathectomy for ischemic angiopathy. In the MELAS case neither idebenone treatment nor valproate substitution by other anticonvulsants reduced seizure frequency nor the spreading of lesions evaluated by MRI. In the phenotype with diabetes and deafness the outcome diabetes mellitus was as expected. CONCLUSIONS In this family with A3243G mutation, the phenotype with neurosensorial deafness and diabetes mellitus seems to have longer survival than the MELAS phenotype. The cause of death in both cases was closely related to medical complications prevalent in each patient at the time of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Pérez López-Fraile
- Servicio de Neurología y de Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
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