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Andler R, González-Arancibia F, Vilos C, Sepulveda-Verdugo R, Castro R, Mamani M, Valdés C, Arto-Paz F, Díaz-Barrera A, Martínez I. Production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) nanoparticles using grape residues as the sole carbon source. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129649. [PMID: 38266847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) on an industrial scale remains a major challenge due to its higher production cost compared to petroleum-based plastics. As a result, it is necessary to develop efficient fermentative processes using low-cost substrates and identify high-value-added applications where biodegradability and biocompatibility properties are of fundamental importance. In this study, grape residues, mainly grape skins, were used as the sole carbon source in Azotobacter vinelandii OP cultures for PHB production and subsequent nanoparticle synthesis based on the extracted polymer. The grape residue pretreatment showed a high rate of conversion into reducing sugars (fructose and glucose), achieving up to 43.3 % w w-1 without the use of acid or external heat. The cultures were grown in shake flasks, obtaining a biomass concentration of 2.9 g L-1 and a PHB accumulation of up to 37.7 % w w-1. PHB was characterized using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The formation of emulsified PHB nanoparticles showed high stability, with a particle size between 210 and 240 nm and a zeta potential between -12 and - 15 mV over 72 h. Owing to these properties, the produced PHB nanoparticles hold significant potential for applications in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Andler
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (Cenbio), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - F González-Arancibia
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (Cenbio), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - C Vilos
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Targeted Delivery, School of Medicine, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Center for Nanomedicine, Diagnostic & Drug Development (cND3), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Center for The Development of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - R Sepulveda-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Targeted Delivery, School of Medicine, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Center for Nanomedicine, Diagnostic & Drug Development (cND3), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Center for The Development of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - R Castro
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Carrera de Ingeniería en Construcción, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - M Mamani
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile
| | - C Valdés
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile
| | - F Arto-Paz
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (Cenbio), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - A Díaz-Barrera
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - I Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Lhamo P, Mahanty B. Impact of Acetic Acid Supplementation in Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production by Cupriavidus necator Using Mixture-Process Design and Artificial Neural Network. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1155-1174. [PMID: 37166651 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The trend in bioplastic application has increased over the years where polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have emerged as a potential candidate with the advantage of being bio-origin, biodegradable, and biocompatible. The present study aims to understand the effect of acetic acid concentration (in combination with sucrose) as a mixture variable and its time of addition (process variable) on PHA production by Cupriavidus necator. The addition of acetic acid at a concentration of 1 g l-1 showed a positive influence on biomass and PHA yield; however, the further increase had a reversal effect. The addition of acetic acid at the time of incubation showed a higher PHA yield, whereas maximum biomass was achieved when acetic acid was added after 48 h. Genetic algorithm (GA) optimized artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model PHA concentration from mixture-process design data. Fitness of the GA-ANN model (R2: 0.935) was superior when compared to the polynomial model (R2: 0.301) from mixture design. Optimization of the ANN model projected 2.691 g l-1 PHA from 7.245 g l-1 acetic acid, 12.756 g l-1 sucrose, and the addition of acetic acid at the time of incubation. Sensitivity analysis indicates the inhibitory effect of all the predictors at higher levels. ANN model can be further used to optimize the variables while extending the bioprocess to fed-batch operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pema Lhamo
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
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3
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de Souza F, Gupta RK. Bacteria for Bioplastics: Progress, Applications, and Challenges. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8666-8686. [PMID: 38434856 PMCID: PMC10905720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bioplastics are one of the answers that can point society toward a sustainable future. Under this premise, the synthesis of polymers with competitive properties using low-cost starting materials is a highly desired factor in the industry. Also, tackling environmental issues such as nonbiodegradable waste generation, high carbon footprint, and consumption of nonrenewable resources are some of the current concerns worldwide. The scientific community has been placing efforts into the biosynthesis of polymers using bacteria and other microbes. These microorganisms can be convenient reactors to consume food and agricultural wastes and convert them into biopolymers with inherently attractive properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and appreciable mechanical and chemical properties. Such biopolymers can be applied to several fields such as packing, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, medical, biomedical, and agricultural. Thus, intending to elucidate the science of microbes to produce polymers, this review starts with a brief introduction to bioplastics by describing their importance and the methods for their production. The second section dives into the importance of bacteria regarding the biochemical routes for the synthesis of polymers along with their advantages and disadvantages. The third section covers some of the main parameters that influence biopolymers' production. Some of the main applications of biopolymers along with a comparison between the polymers obtained from microorganisms and the petrochemical-based ones are presented. Finally, some discussion about the future aspects and main challenges in this field is provided to elucidate the main issues that should be tackled for the wide application of microorganisms for the preparation of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe
Martins de Souza
- National
Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburgh
State University, 1204 Research Road, Pittsburgh, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Ram K. Gupta
- National
Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburgh
State University, 1204 Research Road, Pittsburgh, Kansas 66762, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pittsburgh State University, 1701 South Broadway Street, Pittsburgh, Kansas 66762, United States
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4
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Ye R, Li Z, Xian H, Zhong Y, Liang B, Huang Y, Chen D, Dai M, Tang S, Guo J, Bai R, Feng Y, Chen Z, Yang X, Huang Z. Combined Effects of Polystyrene Nanosphere and Homosolate Exposures on Estrogenic End Points in MCF-7 Cells and Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:27011. [PMID: 38381479 PMCID: PMC10880820 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) and homosalate (HMS) are ubiquitous emerging environmental contaminants detected in human samples. Despite the well-established endocrine-disrupting effects (EDEs) of HMS, the interaction between MNPs and HMS and its impact on HMS-induced EDEs remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influence of MNPs on HMS-induced estrogenic effects and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We assessed the impact of polystyrene nanospheres (PNSs; 50 nm , 1.0 mg / L ) on HMS-induced MCF-7 cell proliferation (HMS: 0.01 - 1 μ M , equivalent to 2.62 - 262 μ g / L ) using the E-SCREEN assay and explored potential mechanisms through transcriptomics. Adult zebrafish were exposed to HMS (0.0262 - 262 μ g / L ) with or without PNSs (50 nm , 1.0 mg / L ) for 21 d. EDEs were evaluated through gonadal histopathology, fertility tests, steroid hormone synthesis, and gene expression changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad-liver (HPGL) axis. RESULTS Coexposure of HMS and PNSs resulted in higher expression of estrogen receptor α (ESR1) and the mRNAs of target genes (pS2, AREG, and PGR), a greater estrogen-responsive element transactivation activity, and synergistic stimulation on MCF-7 cell proliferation. Knockdown of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) rescued the MCF-7 cell proliferation induced by PNSs alone or in combination with HMS. In zebrafish, coexposure showed higher expression of SGK1 and promoted ovary development but inhibited spermatogenesis. In addition, coexposure led to lower egg hatchability, higher embryonic mortality, and greater larval malformation. Coexposure also modulated steroid hormone synthesis genes (cyp17a2, hsd17[Formula: see text]1, esr2b, vtg1, and vtg2), and resulted in higher 17 β -estradiol (E 2 ) release in females. Conversely, males showed lower testosterone, E 2 , and gene expressions of cyp11a1, cyp11a2, cyp17a1, cyp17a2, and hsd17[Formula: see text]1. DISCUSSION PNS exposure exacerbated HMS-induced estrogenic effects via SGK1 up-regulation in MCF-7 cells and disrupting the HPGL axis in zebrafish, with gender-specific patterns. This offers new mechanistic insights and health implications of MNP and contaminant coexposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyi Ye
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Xian
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boxuan Liang
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuji Huang
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da Chen
- College of Environment and Climate, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Shuqin Tang
- College of Environment and Climate, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruobing Bai
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Feng
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang B, Liang B, Huang Y, Li Z, Zhang B, Du J, Ye R, Xian H, Deng Y, Xiu J, Yang X, Ichihara S, Ichihara G, Zhong Y, Huang Z. Long-Chain Acyl Carnitines Aggravate Polystyrene Nanoplastics-Induced Atherosclerosis by Upregulating MARCO. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2205876. [PMID: 37144527 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) is common because of their omnipresence in environment. Recent studies have revealed that MNPs may cause atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To address this bottleneck, ApoE-/- mice are exposed to 2.5-250 mg kg-1 polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 50 nm) by oral gavage with a high-fat diet for 19 weeks. It is found that PS-NPs in blood and aorta of mouse exacerbate the artery stiffness and promote atherosclerotic plaque formation. PS-NPs activate phagocytosis of M1-macrophage in the aorta, manifesting as upregulation of macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). Moreover, PS-NPs disrupt lipid metabolism and increase long-chain acyl carnitines (LCACs). LCAC accumulation is attributed to the PS-NP-inhibited hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2. PS-NPs, as well as LCACs alone, aggravate lipid accumulation via upregulating MARCO in the oxidized low-density lipoprotein-activated foam cells. Finally, synergistic effects of PS-NPs and LCACs on increasing total cholesterol in foam cells are found. Overall, this study indicates that LCACs aggravate PS-NP-induced atherosclerosis by upregulating MARCO. This study offers new insight into the mechanisms underlying MNP-induced cardiovascular toxicity, and highlights the combined effects of MNPs with endogenous metabolites on the cardiovascular system, which warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Boxuan Liang
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523059, China
| | - Yuji Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bingli Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiaxin Du
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rongyi Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongyi Xian
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiancheng Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Bellary S, Patil M, Mahesh A, Lali A. Microbial conversion of lignin rich biomass hydrolysates to medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) using Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:54-63. [PMID: 35266860 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2036999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
As world moves toward increasing number of products being produced from renewable lignocellulosic agricultural and forest residues, the major classes of products that will shift to greener routes on priority are energy, fuels, and materials in that order. In materials segment, polyhydroxyalkanoates are an emerging class of biopolyesters with several potential industrial uses. The present work investigates medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) producing capabilities of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 from a mixture of compounds produced from lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction. The hydrolysates obtained from nitric acid pretreatment of lignin rich cotton stalk (CS) and palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) were used as substrates for production of mcl-PHA. Presence of 3-hydroxydecanoate and 3-hydroxyocytanoate observed on GC-MS confirmed PHA accumulation in the cells. PHA accumulation was estimated between 20% and 35% of cell dry weight when grown on both model substrates as well as biomass hydrolysates. PHA titers obtained on hydrolysates of CS and EFB were 0.24 g/L and 0.21 g/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suveera Bellary
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Aruna Mahesh
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind Lali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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7
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Jin C, Li J, Huang Z, Han X, Bao J. Engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum for synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from lignocellulose biomass. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1598-1613. [PMID: 35180315 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is the only feasible carbohydrates feedstock for commercial scale and carbon neutral production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) biopolymer by its great abundance and availability. Microbial cell factories for fermentative PHB synthesis are highly restricted by the growth suppression of inhibitors from lignocellulose pretreatment. This study targeted on a potential PHB-producing cell factory Corynebacterium glutamicum owing to its strong inhibitors tolerance. A systematic metabolic engineering was conducted starting with the stable PHB synthesis pathway construction from glucose and xylose, followed by the enhancement of PHB synthesis on PHA synthase activity and stability, cell morphology modification, and growth factors regulation. The relocation of the PHA synthase on the cell membrane guided by secrete signal peptides and cell membrane display motifs increased the PHB content by 2.4 folds. Excessive nitrogen preferentially promoted the PHB synthesis capacity and resulted in the PHB content increased by 13.3 folds. Modification of the genes responsible for cell division changed the cell morphology but the cell size was not enlarged to a PHB accumulation favorable environment. The metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum resulted in a high fermentative production of PHB using wheat straw as feedstock. This study provided an important microbial cell factory choice for PHB production using lignocellulose feedstock. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xushen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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8
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Obruca S, Sedlacek P, Koller M. The underexplored role of diverse stress factors in microbial biopolymer synthesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124767. [PMID: 33540213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are microbial polyesters which, apart from their primary storage role, enhance the stress robustness of PHA accumulating cells against various stressors. PHA also represent interesting alternatives to petrochemical polymers, which can be produced from renewable resources employing approaches of microbial biotechnology. During biotechnological processes, bacterial cells are exposed to various stressor factors such as fluctuations in temperature, osmolarity, pH-value, elevated pressure or the presence of microbial inhibitors. This review summarizes how PHA helps microbial cells to cope with biotechnological process-relevant stressors and, vice versa, how various stress conditions can affect PHA production processes. The review suggests a fundamentally new strategy for PHA production: the fine-tuned exposure to selected stressors, which might be used to boost PHA production and even to tailor their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Obruca
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Sedlacek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Koller
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/VI, 8010 Graz, Austria; ARENA Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Ressourcenschonende & Nachhaltige Technologien, Inffeldgasse 21b, 11 8010 Graz, Austria
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9
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Cao J, Wang W, Zhao Z, Liu X, Li QX. Genome, metabolic pathways and characteristics of cometabolism of dibenzothiophene and the biodiesel byproduct glycerol in Paraburkholderia sp. C3. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124699. [PMID: 33535150 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct, has not been well explored. In the present study, glycerol and the other carbon sources were studied for cometabolism of dibenzothiophene (DBT), a model chemical commonly used in bioremediation studies, by Paraburkholderia sp. C3. This study showed a direct association between rhamnolipids (RLs) biosynthesis and DBT biodegradation induced by different carbon sources in a Paraburkholderia specie. Glycerol can induce the strain C3 produce at least four RLs. The RL precursor is mainly derived from the fatty acid synthesis (FAS II) and β-oxidation pathway. The genome contained two (fabF and fabG) and four (fadA, fadE, fadB and echA) genes involved in FAS II and β-oxidation, respectively. The genome also carried the rhlA and rhlB genes involved in rhamnosyltransferase for RL biosynthesis and two DBT dioxygenase genes (nahAc and catA). The findings suggest a viable approach of using the biodiesel byproduct glycerol to remediate contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zixi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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10
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Corchado-Lopo C, Martínez-Avila O, Marti E, Llimós J, Busquets AM, Kucera D, Obruca S, Llenas L, Ponsá S. Brewer's spent grain as a no-cost substrate for polyhydroxyalkanoates production: Assessment of pretreatment strategies and different bacterial strains. N Biotechnol 2021; 62:60-67. [PMID: 33516825 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters of significant interest due to their biodegradability and properties similar to petroleum-derived plastics, as well as the fact that they can be produced from renewable sources such as by-product streams. In this study, brewer's spent grain (BSG), the main by-product of the brewing industry, was subjected to a set of physicochemical pretreatments and their effect on the release of reducing sugars (RS) was evaluated. The RS obtained were used as a substrate for further PHA production in Burkholderia cepacia, Bacillus cereus, and Cupriavidus necator in liquid cultures. Although some pretreatments proved efficient in releasing RS (acid-thermal pretreatment up to 42.1 gRS L-1 and 0.77 gRS g-1 dried BSG), the generation of inhibitors in such scenarios likely affected PHA production compared with the process run without pretreatment (direct enzymatic hydrolysis of BSG). Thus, the maximum PHA accumulation from BSG hydrolysates was found in the reference case with 0.31 ± 0.02 g PHA per g cell dried weight, corresponding to 1.13 ± 0.06 g L-1 and a PHA yield of 23 ± 1 mg g-1 BSG. It was also found that C. necator presented the highest PHA accumulation of the tested strains followed closely by B. cepacia, reaching their maxima at 48 h. Although BSG has been used as a source for other bioproducts, these results show the potential of this by-product as a no-cost raw material for producing PHAs in a waste valorization and circular economy scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Corchado-Lopo
- BETA Technological Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Carrer de la Laura 13, 08500 Vic, Spain.
| | - Oscar Martínez-Avila
- BETA Technological Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Carrer de la Laura 13, 08500 Vic, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Marti
- BETA Technological Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Carrer de la Laura 13, 08500 Vic, Spain.
| | - Jordi Llimós
- BETA Technological Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Carrer de la Laura 13, 08500 Vic, Spain.
| | - Anna María Busquets
- BETA Technological Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Carrer de la Laura 13, 08500 Vic, Spain.
| | - Dan Kucera
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislav Obruca
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Laia Llenas
- BETA Technological Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Carrer de la Laura 13, 08500 Vic, Spain.
| | - Sergio Ponsá
- BETA Technological Center, TECNIO Network, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Carrer de la Laura 13, 08500 Vic, Spain.
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11
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Recent advances in polyhydroxyalkanoate production: Feedstocks, strains and process developments. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:691-703. [PMID: 32315680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been actively studied in academia and industry for their properties comparable to petroleum-derived plastics and high biocompatibility. However, the major limitation for commercialization is their high cost. Feedstock costs, especially carbon costs, account for the majority of the final cost. Finding cheap feedstocks for PHA production and associated process development are critical for a cost-effective PHA production. In this study, waste materials from different sources, particularly lignocellulosic biomass, were proposed as suitable feedstocks for PHA production. Strains involved in the conversion of these feedstocks into PHA were reviewed. Newly isolated strains were emphasized. Related process development, including the factors that affect PHA production, fermentation modes and downstream processing, was elaborated upon.
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12
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Yañez L, Conejeros R, Vergara-Fernández A, Scott F. Beyond Intracellular Accumulation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Chiral Hydroxyalkanoic Acids and Polymer Secretion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:248. [PMID: 32318553 PMCID: PMC7147478 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are ubiquitous prokaryotic storage compounds of carbon and energy, acting as sinks for reducing power during periods of surplus of carbon source relative to other nutrients. With close to 150 different hydroxyalkanoate monomers identified, the structure and properties of these polyesters can be adjusted to serve applications ranging from food packaging to biomedical uses. Despite its versatility and the intensive research in the area over the last three decades, the market share of PHAs is still low. While considerable rich literature has accumulated concerning biochemical, physiological, and genetic aspects of PHAs intracellular accumulation, the costs of substrates and processing costs, including the extraction of the polymer accumulated in intracellular granules, still hampers a more widespread use of this family of polymers. This review presents a comprehensive survey and critical analysis of the process engineering and metabolic engineering strategies reported in literature aimed at the production of chiral (R)-hydroxycarboxylic acids (RHAs), either from the accumulated polymer or by bypassing the accumulation of PHAs using metabolically engineered bacteria, and the strategies developed to recover the accumulated polymer without using conventional downstream separations processes. Each of these topics, that have received less attention compared to PHAs accumulation, could potentially improve the economy of PHAs production and use. (R)-hydroxycarboxylic acids can be used as chiral precursors, thanks to its easily modifiable functional groups, and can be either produced de-novo or be obtained from recycled PHA products. On the other hand, efficient mechanisms of PHAs release from bacterial cells, including controlled cell lysis and PHA excretion, could reduce downstream costs and simplify the polymer recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Yañez
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Conejeros
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alberto Vergara-Fernández
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Scott
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Marson GV, de Castro RJS, Machado MTDC, da Silva Zandonadi F, Barros HDDFQ, Maróstica Júnior MR, Sussulini A, Hubinger MD. Proteolytic enzymes positively modulated the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of spent yeast protein hydrolysates. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Li M, Wilkins M. Flow cytometry for quantitation of polyhydroxybutyrate production by Cupriavidus necator using alkaline pretreated liquor from corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122254. [PMID: 31629285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline pretreated liquor (APL) from lignocellulosic feedstock pretreatment is a lignin-rich stream. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable polymer, has been previously synthesized from APL. It is of interest to monitor PHB production and cell number from APL rapidly for process control. However, APL has insoluble substances and is dark, which makes quantitation of cells by visible light absorbance difficult. A sample preparation method was developed using Nile Red staining and flow cytometry to quantify bacterial cells and PHB concentration. A linear model with good fitness (R2 = 0.9939) was constructed to predict PHB concentration (0.2-2.1 g/L) based on fluorescence intensity acquired from a flow cytometer. A linear model (R2 = 0.8614) to predict cell number based on fluorescence intensity was also established. The good correlation between PHB concentration and fluorescence intensity indicates the potential of applying flow cytometry for quantitation of PHB from APL and other media that is dark and/or contains insoluble particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Statistics, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Mark Wilkins
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Industrial Agricultural Products Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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15
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Li M, Eskridge K, Liu E, Wilkins M. Enhancement of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by 10-fold from alkaline pretreatment liquor with an oxidative enzyme-mediator-surfactant system under Plackett-Burman and central composite designs. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:99-106. [PMID: 30807996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Plackett-Burman and central composite designs were applied to improve polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from alkaline pretreatment liquor (APL) by Cupriavidus necator DSM 545 using a supplement system consisting of oxidative enzymes (laccase, aryl alcohol oxidase (AAO)), mediators (ABTS, HOBT), DMSO, silica nanoparticle Aerosol R816 and surfactant Tween 80. First, screening experiments under Plackett-Burman design showed R816, ABTS and Tween 80 could significantly enhance PHB production. Additional experiments showed that HOBT and DMSO could be removed, and laccase and AAO were needed to remain in the system. Second, a central composite design was applied to obtain the optimum supplemental levels of R816, ABTS and Tween 80. Under optimum conditions, theoretical maximum PHB production (1.9 g/L) was close to experimental PHB production (2.1 g/L). With the supplement system, a 10-fold increase was achieved compared to PHB production (0.2 g/L) without any supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583, USA; Department of Statistics, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583, USA
| | - Kent Eskridge
- Department of Statistics, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583, USA
| | - Enshi Liu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583, USA
| | - Mark Wilkins
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588, USA; Industrial Agricultural Products Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583, USA.
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16
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Li M, Eskridge KM, Wilkins MR. Optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate production by experimental design of combined ternary mixture (glucose, xylose and arabinose) and process variables (sugar concentration, molar C:N ratio). Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1495-1506. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Sustainable PHA production in integrated lignocellulose biorefineries. N Biotechnol 2019; 49:161-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Draft Genome Sequence of Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17759, a Polyhydroxybutyrate-Co-Valerate Copolymer-Producing Bacterium. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/17/e00348-18. [PMID: 29700161 PMCID: PMC5920182 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00348-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17759, isolated from forest soils in Trinidad, accumulates large amounts of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers when grown on xylose, mannose, arabinose, other carbohydrates, and organic acid cosubstrates. This 8.72-Mb draft genome sequence of B. cepacia ATCC 17759 will provide better insight into this organism's utility in lignocellulose bioconversion.
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Dietrich K, Dumont MJ, Schwinghamer T, Orsat V, Del Rio LF. Model Study To Assess Softwood Hemicellulose Hydrolysates as the Carbon Source for PHB Production in Paraburkholderia sacchari IPT 101. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:188-200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Dietrich
- Bioresource
Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec Canada, H9X 3 V9
| | - Marie-Josée Dumont
- Bioresource
Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec Canada, H9X 3 V9
| | - Timothy Schwinghamer
- Department
of Plant Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec Canada, H9X 3 V9
| | - Valérie Orsat
- Bioresource
Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec Canada, H9X 3 V9
| | - Luis F. Del Rio
- FPInnovations, 570 Saint-Jean Boulevard, Pointe-Claire, Quebec Canada H9R 3J9
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Carbon-rich wastes as feedstocks for biodegradable polymer (polyhydroxyalkanoate) production using bacteria. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 84:139-200. [PMID: 23763760 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407673-0.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research into the production of biodegradable polymers has been driven by vision for the most part from changes in policy, in Europe and America. These policies have their origins in the Brundtland Report of 1987, which provides a platform for a more sustainable society. Biodegradable polymers are part of the emerging portfolio of renewable raw materials seeking to deliver environmental, social, and economic benefits. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally-occurring biodegradable-polyesters accumulated by bacteria usually in response to inorganic nutrient limitation in the presence of excess carbon. Most of the early research into PHA accumulation and technology development for industrial-scale production was undertaken using virgin starting materials. For example, polyhydroxybutyrate and copolymers such as polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate are produced today at industrial scale from corn-derived glucose. However, in recent years, research has been undertaken to convert domestic and industrial wastes to PHA. These wastes in today's context are residuals seen by a growing body of stakeholders as platform resources for a biobased society. In the present review, we consider residuals from food, plastic, forest and lignocellulosic, and biodiesel manufacturing (glycerol). Thus, this review seeks to gain perspective of opportunities from literature reporting the production of PHA from carbon-rich residuals as feedstocks. A discussion on approaches and context for PHA production with reference to pure- and mixed-culture technologies is provided. Literature reports advocate results of the promise of waste conversion to PHA. However, the vast majority of studies on waste to PHA is at laboratory scale. The questions of surmounting the technical and political hurdles to industrialization are generally left unanswered. There are a limited number of studies that have progressed into fermentors and a dearth of pilot-scale demonstration. A number of fermentation studies show that biomass and PHA productivity can be increased, and sometimes dramatically, in a fermentor. The relevant application-specific properties of the polymers from the wastes studied and the effect of altered-waste composition on polymer properties are generally not well reported and would greatly benefit the progress of the research as high productivity is of limited value without the context of requisite case-specific polymer properties. The proposed use of a waste residual is advantageous from a life cycle viewpoint as it removes the direct or indirect effect of PHA production on land usage and food production. However, the question, of how economic drivers will promote or hinder advancements to demonstration scale, when wastes generally become understood as resources for a biobased society, hangs today in the balance due to a lack of shared vision and the legacy of mistakes made with first generation bioproducts.
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21
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Sawant SS, Salunke BK, Tran TK, Kim BS. Lignocellulosic and marine biomass as resource for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Dai J, Gliniewicz K, Settles ML, Coats ER, McDonald AG. Influence of organic loading rate and solid retention time on polyhydroxybutyrate production from hybrid poplar hydrolysates using mixed microbial cultures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 175:23-33. [PMID: 25459800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using wood hydrolysates (enzymatically hydrolyzed from hybrid poplar) as substrate to produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) using mixed microbial cultures. The optimal operational conditions for fed-batch bioreactors were 4d solid retention time with an organic loading rate of 2.5g/Ld. The maximum PHB accumulated was 27% of cell dry weight with a yield of 0.32g/g (g PHB produced per g sugars consumed). Microbial community analysis was done at the genus level by 16S rRNA sequencing on an Illumina system and community evolution was observed among different samples and initial seed. Actinobacteria, Alpha- and Beta-proteobacteria were found to be the dominant groups in all the bioreactors. Several PHB-storing microorganisms were characterized belonging to Alpha- and Beta-proteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1132, United States
| | - Karol Gliniewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - Matthew L Settles
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - Erik R Coats
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - Armando G McDonald
- Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1132, United States.
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Manzano-Robleda MDC, Barranco-Fragoso B, Uribe M, Méndez-Sánchez N. Portal vein thrombosis: what is new? Ann Hepatol 2014; 71:2-7. [PMID: 25536638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is one of the most common vascular disorders of the liver with significant morbidity and mortality. Large cohort studies have reported a global prevalence of 1%, but in some risk groups it can be up to 26%. Causes of PVT are cirrhosis, hepatobiliary malignancy, abdominal infectious or inflammatory diseases, and myeloproliferative disorders. Most patients with PVT have a general risk factor. The natural history of PVT results in portal hypertension leading to splenomegaly and the formation of portosystemic collateral blood vessels and esophageal, gastric, duodenal, and jejunal varices. Diagnosis of PVT is made by imaging, mainly Doppler ultrasonography. According to its time of development, localization, pathophysiology, and evolution, PVT should be classified in every patient. Some clinical features such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic transplantation are areas of special interest and are discussed in this review. The goal of treatment of acute PVT is to reconstruct the blocked veins. Endoscopic variceal ligation is safe and highly effective in patients with variceal bleeding caused by chronic PVT. In conclusion, PVT is the most common cause of vascular disease of the liver and its prevalence has being increasing, especially among patients with an underlying liver disease. All patients should be investigated for thrombophilic conditions, and in those with cirrhosis, anticoagulation prophylaxis should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Misael Uribe
- Liver Research Unit. Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation. Mexico City, Mexico
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