1
|
Ma J, Gu Y, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wei M, Jiang A, Liu X, He C. Study on the effect of landfill gas on aerobic municipal solid waste degradation: Lab-scale model and tests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161875. [PMID: 36709894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aeration is of great importance in landfill remediation. However, most existing studies on aerobic waste degradation ignore the presence of landfill gases. In this study, gas characteristics during aerobic waste degradation in the presence of landfill gas in lab-scale lysimeters were investigated. Oxygen (O2) was intermittently injected into municipal solid waste. Changes in the gas concentration and reaction rate of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and O2 during the reaction process were monitored and calculated. The results showed that all reactions, including aerobic degradation, CH4 oxidation, and anaerobic waste degradation, occurred simultaneously during landfill aeration. The maximum O2 consumption rate was 0.013 mol day-1 kg-1 dry waste. CH4 production was stimulated after the O2 content was insufficient to sustain the aerobic environment. Higher CH4 production was likely attributed to the remaining substrate and biomass from dead aerobic microorganisms decomposed by growing anaerobic microorganisms. Based on the biochemical reaction and principle of mass conservation, a gas balance model during waste aeration was established to analyze the proportions of aerobic waste degradation, CH4 oxidation, and anaerobic waste degradation. The CH4 oxidation reaction was more advantageous than the aerobic waste degradation reaction during aeration. With an increase in gas injection times, the anaerobic reaction gradually weakened. The maximum proportion of CH4 oxidation reaction could achieve at 21.4 % during aeration, which is of great significance for the waste degradation reaction. The maximum proportion of aerobic waste degradation and the minimum proportion of anaerobic waste degradation were approximately 16.0 % and 74.2 %, respectively. The results show that landfill gas should be considered in the progress of landfill aeration. This study provides a novel approach for calculating the proportion of reactions during landfill aeration, which deepens the understanding of the reaction process and contributes to the design of aerobic landfill projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yuqi Gu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mingli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Jiangsu Institute of Zoneco Co., Ltd., Yixing 214200, China
| | - Annan Jiang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Chao He
- Shenzhen Metro Construction Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518026, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gómez-Gast N, López Cuellar MDR, Vergara-Porras B, Vieyra H. Biopackaging Potential Alternatives: Bioplastic Composites of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Vegetal Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061114. [PMID: 35335445 PMCID: PMC8950292 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiatives to reduce plastic waste are currently under development worldwide. As a part of it, the European Union and private and public organizations in several countries are designing and implementing regulations for single-use plastics. For example, by 2030, plastic packaging and food containers must be reusable or recyclable. In another approach, researchers are developing biopolymers using biodegradable thermoplastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), to replace fossil derivatives. However, their production capacity, high production costs, and poor mechanical properties hinder the usability of these biopolymers. To overcome these limitations, biomaterials reinforced with natural fibers are acquiring more relevance as the world of bioplastics production is increasing. This review presents an overview of PHA–vegetal fiber composites, the effects of the fiber type, and the production method’s impact on the mechanical, thermal, barrier properties, and biodegradability, all relevant for biopackaging. To acknowledge the behaviors and trends of the biomaterials reinforcement field, we searched for granted patents focusing on bio-packaging applications and gained insight into current industry developments and contributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gómez-Gast
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico; (N.G.-G.); (B.V.-P.)
| | - Ma Del Rocío López Cuellar
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CABA), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (ICAp), Autonomous University of Hidalgo State (UAEH), Av. Universidad Km. 1, Ex-Hda. De Aquetzalpa AP 32, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico;
| | - Berenice Vergara-Porras
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico; (N.G.-G.); (B.V.-P.)
| | - Horacio Vieyra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cardenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
La H, Hettiaratchi JPA, Achari G, Dunfield PF. Biofiltration of methane. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:759-772. [PMID: 30064899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The on-going annual increase in global methane (CH4) emissions can be largely attributed to anthropogenic activities. However, as more than half of these emissions are diffuse and possess a concentration less than 3% (v/v), physical-chemical treatments are inefficient as an abatement technology. In this regard, biotechnologies, such as biofiltration using methane-oxidizing bacteria, or methanotrophs, are a cost-effective and efficient means of combating diffuse CH4 emissions. In this review, a number of abiotic factors including temperature, pH, water content, packing material, empty-bed residence time, inlet gas flow rate, CH4 concentration, as well biotic factors, such as biomass development, are reviewed based on empirical findings on CH4 biofiltration studies that have been performed in the last decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen La
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - J Patrick A Hettiaratchi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Gopal Achari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada.
| | - Peter F Dunfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farrokhzadeh H, Hettiaratchi JPA, Jayasinghe P, Kumar S. Aerated biofilters with multiple-level air injection configurations to enhance biological treatment of methane emissions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:219-225. [PMID: 28521232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to improve conventional methane biofilter performance, a multiple-level aeration biofilter design is proposed. Laboratory flow-through column experiments were conducted to evaluate three actively-aerated methane biofilter configurations. Columns were aerated at one, two, and three levels of the bed depth, with air introduced at flow rates calculated from methane oxidation reaction stoichiometry. Inlet methane loading rates were increased in five stages between 6 and 18mL/min. The effects of methane feeding rate, levels of aeration, and residence time on methane oxidation rates were determined. Samples collected after completion of flow-through experiments were used to determine methane oxidation kinetic parameters, Vmax, Km, and methanotrophic community distribution across biofilter columns. Results obtained from mixed variances analysis and response surfaces, as well as methanotrophic activity data, suggested that, biofilter column with two aeration levels has the most even performance over time, maintaining 85.1% average oxidation efficiency over 95days of experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Farrokhzadeh
- Center for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE) and Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Patrick A Hettiaratchi
- Center for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE) and Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Poornima Jayasinghe
- Center for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE) and Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India.
| |
Collapse
|