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Morales HM, Vieyra H, Sanchez DA, Fletes EM, Odlyzko M, Lodge TP, Padilla-Gainza V, Alcoutlabi M, Parsons JG. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Nitride-Carbon Composites and Their Use in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:624. [PMID: 38607158 PMCID: PMC11013921 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This work focuses on the synthesis of titanium nitride-carbon (TiN-carbon) composites by the thermal decomposition of a titanyl phthalocyanine (TiN(TD)) precursor into TiN. The synthesis of TiN was also performed using the sol-gel method (TiN(SG)) of an alkoxide/urea. The structure and morphology of the TiN-carbon and its precursors were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, EDS, and XPS. The FTIR results confirmed the presence of the titanium phthalocyanine (TiOPC) complex, while the XRD data corroborated the decomposition of TiOPC into TiN. The resultant TiN exhibited a cubic structure with the FM3-M lattice, aligning with the crystal system of the synthesized TiN via the alkoxide route. The XPS results indicated that the particles synthesized from the thermal decomposition of TiOPC resulted in the formation of TiN-carbon composites. The TiN particles were present as clusters of small spherical particles within the carbon matrix, displaying a porous sponge-like morphology. The proposed thermal decomposition method resulted in the formation of metal nitride composites with high carbon content, which were used as anodes for Li-ion half cells. The TiN-carbon composite anode showed a good specific capacity after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mAg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Magali Morales
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA;
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - Horacio Vieyra
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - David A. Sanchez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Elizabeth M. Fletes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Michael Odlyzko
- Characterization Facility, College of Science and Engineering, 55 Shepherd Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Victoria Padilla-Gainza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Mataz Alcoutlabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Jason G. Parsons
- School of Earth Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
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Gómez-Gast N, Rivera-Santana JA, Otero JA, Vieyra H. Simulation of a Composite with a Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Matrix Reinforced with Cylindrical Inclusions: Prediction of Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4727. [PMID: 38139978 PMCID: PMC10747289 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocomposite development, as a sustainable alternative to fossil-derived materials with diverse industrial applications, requires expediting the design process and reducing production costs. Simulation methods offer a solution to these challenges. The main aspects to consider in simulating composite materials successfully include accurately representing microstructure geometry, carefully selecting mesh elements, establishing appropriate boundary conditions representing system forces, utilizing an efficient numerical method to accelerate simulations, and incorporating statistical tools like experimental designs and re-regression models. This study proposes a comprehensive methodology encompassing these aspects. We present the simulation using a numerical homogenization technique based on FEM to analyze the mechanical behavior of a composite material of a polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biodegradable matrix reinforced with cylindrical inclusions of flax and kenab. Here, the representative volume element (RVE) considered the geometry, and the numerical homogenization method (NHM) calculated the macro-mechanical behavior of composites. The results were validated using the asymptotic homogenization method (AHM) and experimental data, with error estimations of 0.0019% and 7%, respectively. This model is valuable for predicting longitudinal and transverse elastic moduli, shear modulus, and Poisson's coefficient, emphasizing its significance in composite materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gómez-Gast
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico or (N.G.-G.); (J.A.O.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
| | - Juan Andrés Rivera-Santana
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Cetys Universidad, Campus Mexicali, Calzada Cetys, s/n, Colonia Rivera, Mexicali 21259, Mexico;
| | - José A. Otero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico or (N.G.-G.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Horacio Vieyra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
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Vieyra H, Molina-Romero JM, Calderón-Nájera JDD, Santana-Díaz A. Engineering, Recyclable, and Biodegradable Plastics in the Automotive Industry: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163412. [PMID: 36015669 PMCID: PMC9414523 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The automotive industry has used plastics almost since the beginning. The lightness, flexibility, and many qualities of plastics make them ideal for the automotive industry, reducing cars' overall weight and fuel consumption. Engineering plastics in this industry belong to the high-performance segment of non-renewable resources. These plastics exhibit higher properties than commodity plastics. Fortunately, unlike recycled commodity plastics, the super properties and high-performance characteristics make engineering plastics effectively reused after recycling. The substitution of these fossil-fuel-derived plastics adds to the solution of lightweighting, a much-needed solution to waste management, and solves industrial and ecological issues surrounding plastic disposal. All major vehicle manufacturers worldwide use bioplastics and bio-based plastics, including natural-fiber composites and engineering plastics reinforced with natural fibers. Changing the source of plastics to raw materials from renewable resources is the logical approach to sustainability. Thus, high-quality plastics, recycled plastics, bio-based plastics, and biodegradable plastics could be exploited from design, making sustainability an integral concept of mobility development. This review analyzes that switching from fossil-fuel- to renewable-sources-derived plastics is a step toward meeting the current environmental goals for the automotive industry, including electric cars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Vieyra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-722-279-99-90 (ext. 2120)
| | - Joan Manuel Molina-Romero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
| | | | - Alfredo Santana-Díaz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
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Gómez-Gast N, López Cuellar MDR, Vergara-Porras B, Vieyra H. Biopackaging Potential Alternatives: Bioplastic Composites of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Vegetal Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061114. [PMID: 35335445 PMCID: PMC8950292 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiatives to reduce plastic waste are currently under development worldwide. As a part of it, the European Union and private and public organizations in several countries are designing and implementing regulations for single-use plastics. For example, by 2030, plastic packaging and food containers must be reusable or recyclable. In another approach, researchers are developing biopolymers using biodegradable thermoplastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), to replace fossil derivatives. However, their production capacity, high production costs, and poor mechanical properties hinder the usability of these biopolymers. To overcome these limitations, biomaterials reinforced with natural fibers are acquiring more relevance as the world of bioplastics production is increasing. This review presents an overview of PHA–vegetal fiber composites, the effects of the fiber type, and the production method’s impact on the mechanical, thermal, barrier properties, and biodegradability, all relevant for biopackaging. To acknowledge the behaviors and trends of the biomaterials reinforcement field, we searched for granted patents focusing on bio-packaging applications and gained insight into current industry developments and contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gómez-Gast
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico; (N.G.-G.); (B.V.-P.)
| | - Ma Del Rocío López Cuellar
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CABA), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (ICAp), Autonomous University of Hidalgo State (UAEH), Av. Universidad Km. 1, Ex-Hda. De Aquetzalpa AP 32, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico;
| | - Berenice Vergara-Porras
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico; (N.G.-G.); (B.V.-P.)
| | - Horacio Vieyra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cardenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Arteaga-Ballesteros BE, Guevara-Morales A, Martín-Martínez ES, Figueroa-López U, Vieyra H. Composite of polylactic acid and microcellulose from kombucha membranes. e-Polymers 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the main components of biodegradable and biocompatible composites. Bacterial cellulose from kombucha membranes is an excellent candidate to be used as a natural filler of eco-composites because it is renewable, has low cost, low density, and acceptable specific strength properties, and is biodegradable. The study aimed to prepare composites of PLA and bacterial cellulose to produce a biodegradable and compostable material. The bacterial microcellulose was obtained from kombucha membranes and blended with PLA by extrusion. The composites contained a PLA with 1%, 3%, and 5% of cellulose. We characterized the PLA, bacterial microcellulose, and composites to ascertain their size and aspect, degree of crystallinity, distribution of the cellulose into PLA, and their mechanical properties. We observed an increase in crystallinity proportional to the cellulose content for the blends and found that the 3% cellulose blend withstands the stress of up to 40 MPa and temperatures up to 120°C before distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Estefanía Arteaga-Ballesteros
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe, Km. 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza , Estado de México , 52926 , México
| | - Andrea Guevara-Morales
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe, Km. 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza , Estado de México , 52926 , México
| | - Eduardo San Martín-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Legaria 694 , Colonia Irrigación C.P. 11500 , Ciudad de México
| | - Ulises Figueroa-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe, Km. 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza , Estado de México , 52926 , México
| | - Horacio Vieyra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo , Estado de México , 50110 , México
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García-Cruz H, Jaime-Fonseca M, Von Borries-Medrano E, Vieyra H. Extrusion parameters to produce a PLA-starch derived thermoplastic polymer. RMIQ 2020. [DOI: 10.24275/rmiq/poly1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Vieyra H, Juárez E, López UF, Morales AG, Torres M. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of biomaterials based in polyhydroxybutyrate reinforced with cellulose nanowhiskers determined in human peripheral leukocytes. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:045011. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaaaf4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vieyra H, San Martín-Martínez E, Juárez E, Figueroa-López U, Aguilar-Méndez MA. Biodegradation process of a blend of thermoplastic unripe banana flour-polyethylene under composting: Identification of the biodegrading agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Vieyra
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada; Legaria 694, Colonia Irrigación C.P. 11500 México D. F
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe Km.3.5; Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, C.P. 52926 Atizapán de Zaragoza México
| | - Eduardo San Martín-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada; Legaria 694, Colonia Irrigación C.P. 11500 México D. F
| | - Esmeralda Juárez
- Departamento de investigación en Microbiología; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias; Calzada de Tlalpan No. 4502, Col. Sección XVI C.P. 14080 México, D.F
| | - Ulises Figueroa-López
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe Km.3.5; Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, C.P. 52926 Atizapán de Zaragoza México
| | - Miguel A. Aguilar-Méndez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada; Legaria 694, Colonia Irrigación C.P. 11500 México D. F
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Martín Martínez ES, Aguilar Méndez MA, Sánchez Solís A, Vieyra H. Thermoplastic biodegradable material elaborated from unripe banana flour reinforced with metallocene catalyzed polyethylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. San Martín Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Irrigación; C.P. 11500 México DF
| | - M. A. Aguilar Méndez
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Irrigación; C.P. 11500 México DF
| | - A. Sánchez Solís
- Departamento de Reología y Mecánica de Materiales; Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria; Coyoacán 04510 México DF
| | - H. Vieyra
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Irrigación; C.P. 11500 México DF
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Vieyra H, Aguilar-Méndez MA, San Martín-Martínez E. Study of biodegradation evolution during composting of polyethylene-starch blends using scanning electron microscopy. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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