1
|
Zibarev N, Toumi A, Politaeva N, Iljin I. Nutrients recovery from dairy wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris and comparison of the lipid's composition with various chlorella strains for biodiesel production. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297464. [PMID: 38598537 PMCID: PMC11006192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biomass is regarded as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. The biomass lipid content and fatty acids composition are among the main selective criteria when screening microalgae strains for biodiesel production. In this study, three strains of Chlorella microalgae (C. kessleri, C. sorokiniana, C. vulgaris) were cultivated nutrient media with different nitrogen contents, and on a medium with the addition of dairy wastewater. Moreover, microalgae grown on dairy wastewater allowed the removal of azote and phosphorous. The removal efficiency of 90%, 53% and 95% of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and phosphate ions, respectively, were reached. The efficiency of wastewater treatment from inorganic carbon was 55%, while the maximum growth of biomass was achieved. All four samples of microalgae had a similar fatty acid profile. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was the most abundant saturated fatty acid (SFA), and is suitable for the production of biodiesel. The main unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) present in the samples were oleic acid (C18:1 n9); linoleic acid (C18:2 n6) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n3), which belong to omega-9, omega-6, omega-3, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Zibarev
- Laboratory "Interdisciplinary Research and Education on Technological and Economic Problems of Energy Transition (CIRETEC-GT)", Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Amira Toumi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Politaeva
- Laboratory "Interdisciplinary Research and Education on Technological and Economic Problems of Energy Transition (CIRETEC-GT)", Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Iljin
- Laboratory "Interdisciplinary Research and Education on Technological and Economic Problems of Energy Transition (CIRETEC-GT)", Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Usai G, Cordara A, Mazzocchi E, Re A, Fino D, Pirri CF, Menin B. Coupling dairy wastewaters for nutritional balancing and water recycling: sustainable heterologous 2-phenylethanol production by engineered cyanobacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1359032. [PMID: 38497052 PMCID: PMC10940361 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1359032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biotechnology is hampered by the high production costs and the massive usage of water during large-volume cultivations. These drawbacks can be softened by the production of high-value compounds and by adopting metabolic engineering strategies to improve their performances and productivity. Today, the most sustainable approach is the exploitation of industrial wastewaters for microalgae cultivation, which couples valuable biomass production with water resource recovery. Among the food processing sectors, the dairy industry generates the largest volume of wastewaters through the manufacturing process. These effluents are typically rich in dissolved organic matter and nutrients, which make it a challenging and expensive waste stream for companies to manage. Nevertheless, these rich wastewaters represent an appealing resource for microalgal biotechnology. In this study, we propose a sustainable approach for high-value compound production from dairy wastewaters through cyanobacteria. This strategy is based on a metabolically engineered strain of the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (already published elsewhere) for 2-phenylethanol (2-PE). 2-PE is a high-value aromatic compound that is widely employed as a fragrance in the food and cosmetics industry thanks to its pleasant floral scent. First, we qualitatively assessed the impact of four dairy effluents on cyanobacterial growth to identify the most promising substrates. Both tank-washing water and the liquid effluent of exhausted sludge resulted as suitable nutrient sources. Thus, we created an ideal buffer system by combining the two wastewaters while simultaneously providing balanced nutrition and completely avoiding the need for fresh water. The combination of 75% liquid effluent of exhausted sludge and 25% tank-washing water with a fine-tuning ammonium supplementation yielded 180 mg L-1 of 2-PE and a biomass concentration of 0.6 gDW L-1 within 10 days. The mixture of 90% exhausted sludge and 10% washing water produced the highest yield of 2-PE (205 mg L-1) and biomass accumulation (0.7 gDW L-1), although in 16 days. Through these treatments, the phosphates were completely consumed, and nitrogen was removed in a range of 74%-77%. Overall, our approach significantly valorized water recycling and the exploitation of valuable wastewaters to circularly produce marketable compounds via microalgae biotechnology, laying a promising groundwork for subsequent implementation and scale-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Usai
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cordara
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering—DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Mazzocchi
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Re
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Fino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Menin
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IBBA-CNR, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh P, Venkata Mohan S, Mohanty K. Dairy wastewater treatment using Monoraphidium sp. KMC4 and its potential as hydrothermal liquefaction feedstock. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128877. [PMID: 36921641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monoraphidium sp. KMC4 was cultivated mixotrophically for simultaneous treatment of dairy wastewater and biomass production. The KMC4 was cultivated with varying chemical oxygen demand concentrations of simulated synthetic dairy wastewater. Monoraphidium sp. KMC4 outperformed in 50% strength with biomass concentration of 1.47 g L-1. A significant change in biomass of 3.69 g L-1 was achieved after maintaining the pH of algal culture. The nutrient consumption promoted microalgal growth in the form of biomass productivity (122 mg L-1 day-1), accumulation of carbohydrate (28.73±1.6 wt%), protein (48.50±1.3 wt%), and lipid (20.29±2.3 wt%). This strain showed efficacious performance in treating simulated synthetic dairy wastewater obtaining biomass for various applications. The algal biomass derived from wastewater reported a significant volatile matter content and higher heating value. The biomass demonstrates satisfactory thermal degradation behavior which reveals its feasibility as feedstock for thermochemical conversion to biocrude. The integration of biomass production in high-scale raceway pond along with biocrude production is a promising pathway toward the generation of green energy for replacing traditional fossil fuels..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nham Q, Mattsson L, Legrand C, Lindehoff E. Whey permeate as a phosphorus source for algal cultivation. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10865. [PMID: 37032530 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal cultivation for biodiesel and feed requires recycled nutrient resources for a sustainable long-term operation. Whey permeate (WP) from dairy processing contains high organic load (lactose, oils, and proteins) and nitrogen (resources tested for microalgal cultivation) and organic phosphorus (P) that has not yet been tested as a P source for microalgal cultivation. We explored the potential of green algae strains (brackish) and polyculture (freshwater) in exploiting P from WP added to a medium based on either seawater (7 psu) or landfill leachate. Both strains showed a capacity of using organic P in WP with equal growth rates (0.94-1.12 d-1 ) compared with chemical phosphate treatments (0.88-1.07 d-1 ). The polyculture had comparable growth rate (0.25-0.57 d-1 ) and biomass yield (152.1-357.5 mg L-1 ) and similar or higher nutrient removal rate in the leachate-WP medium (1.3-6.4 mg L-1 day-1 nitrogen, 0.2-1.1 mg L-1 day-1 P) compared with the leachate-chemical phosphate medium (1.2-4.7 mg L-1 day-1 nitrogen, 0.3-1.4 mg L-1 day-1 P). This study showed that WP is a suitable P source for microalgal cultivation over a range of salinities. To date, this is the first study demonstrating that raw WP can replace mineral P fertilizer for algal cultivation. PRACTITIONERS POINTS: Whey permeate is a comparable phosphorus source to standard fertilizers used in algal cultivation. Green algae removed phosphorus effectively from whey permeate. Microalgal cultivation is a good approach for treatment of whey permeate in combination with a nitrogen-rich wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quyen Nham
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Lina Mattsson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Catherine Legrand
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Elin Lindehoff
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nachiappan K, Chandrasekaran R. Reformation of dairy effluent-a phycoremediation approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:405. [PMID: 36792850 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a unique renewable resource utilized since ages, serving as a reservoir for the production of various metabolites. In this study, dairy waste water (DWW) is used as the nutrient media for the cultivation of microalgae. This study focuses on the phycoremediation process of converting rich nutrients in the effluent into biomass and removing contaminants using microalgae. The specific growth rate reached the maximum of 0.55 day-1 in Desmococcus olivaceous, followed by 0.39 day-1 for Scenedesmus dimorphus, 0.23 day-1 in DCS (consortia composing all three strains in equal ratio), and lastly 0.22 day-1 in Chlorella vulgaris. The biomass productivity was 1.44 g L-1 day-1, 1.06 g L-1 day-1, 0.88 g L-1 day-1, and 0.65 g L-1 day-1 in D. olivaceous, S. dimorphus, C. vulgaris, and DCS, respectively. The COD and BOD removal percentage was 82.85% and 45.40% in D. olivaceous, 81.98% and 44.25% in C. vulgaris, 80.73% and 53.45% in S. dimorphus, and 80.10% and 43.10% in DCS, respectively. These results emphasize the promising role of algae in dairy effluent treatment, highlighting the effluent as a suitable medium for microalgae cultivation. It verifies the circular bio-economy concept where the treated wastewater is converted into value-added products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanagam Nachiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Taluk, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, 602 117, India
| | - Rajasekaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Diaz CJ, Douglas KJ, Kang K, Kolarik AL, Malinovski R, Torres-Tiji Y, Molino JV, Badary A, Mayfield SP. Developing algae as a sustainable food source. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1029841. [PMID: 36742010 PMCID: PMC9892066 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1029841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Current agricultural and food production practices are facing extreme stress, posed by climate change and an ever-increasing human population. The pressure to feed nearly 8 billion people while maintaining a minimal impact on the environment has prompted a movement toward new, more sustainable food sources. For thousands of years, both the macro (seaweed and kelp) and micro (unicellular) forms of algae have been cultivated as a food source. Algae have evolved to be highly efficient at resource utilization and have proven to be a viable source of nutritious biomass that could address many of the current food production issues. Particularly for microalgae, studies of their large-scale growth and cultivation come from the biofuel industry; however, this knowledge can be reasonably translated into the production of algae-based food products. The ability of algae to sequester CO2 lends to its sustainability by helping to reduce the carbon footprint of its production. Additionally, algae can be produced on non-arable land using non-potable water (including brackish or seawater), which allows them to complement rather than compete with traditional agriculture. Algae inherently have the desired qualities of a sustainable food source because they produce highly digestible proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, and are rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Although algae have yet to be fully domesticated as food sources, a variety of cultivation and breeding tools exist that can be built upon to allow for the increased productivity and enhanced nutritional and organoleptic qualities that will be required to bring algae to mainstream utilization. Here we will focus on microalgae and cyanobacteria to highlight the current advancements that will expand the variety of algae-based nutritional sources, as well as outline various challenges between current biomass production and large-scale economic algae production for the food market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crisandra J. Diaz
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kai J. Douglas
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kalisa Kang
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ashlynn L. Kolarik
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rodeon Malinovski
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yasin Torres-Tiji
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - João V. Molino
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Amr Badary
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stephen P. Mayfield
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Stephen P. Mayfield,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Agro-Industrial Wastewaters for Algal Biomass Production, Bio-Based Products, and Biofuels in a Circular Bioeconomy. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycling bioresources is the only way to sustainably meet a growing world population’s food and energy needs. One of the ways to do so is by using agro-industry wastewater to cultivate microalgae. While the industrial production of microalgae requires large volumes of water, existing agro-industry processes generate large volumes of wastewater with eutrophicating nutrients and organic carbon that must be removed before recycling the water back into the environment. Coupling these two processes can benefit the flourishing microalgal industry, which requires water, and the agro-industry, which could gain extra revenue by converting a waste stream into a bioproduct. Microalgal biomass can be used to produce energy, nutritional biomass, and specialty products. However, there are challenges to establishing stable and circular processes, from microalgae selection and adaptation to pretreating and reclaiming energy from residues. This review discusses the potential of agro-industry residues for microalgal production, with a particular interest in the composition and the use of important primary (raw) and secondary (digestate) effluents generated in large volumes: sugarcane vinasse, palm oil mill effluent, cassava processing waster, abattoir wastewater, dairy processing wastewater, and aquaculture wastewater. It also overviews recent examples of microalgae production in residues and aspects of process integration and possible products, avoiding xenobiotics and heavy metal recycling. As virtually all agro-industries have boilers emitting CO2 that microalgae can use, and many industries could benefit from anaerobic digestion to reclaim energy from the effluents before microalgal cultivation, the use of gaseous effluents is also discussed in the text.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bhatt P, Bhandari G, Bhatt K, Simsek H. Microalgae-based removal of pollutants from wastewaters: Occurrence, toxicity and circular economy. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135576. [PMID: 35803375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural and anthropogenic sources of water bodies are contaminated with diverse categories of pollutants such as antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, heavy metals, organic compounds, and other industrial chemicals. Depending on the type and the origin of the pollutants, the degree of contamination can be categorized into lower to higher concentrations. Therefore, the removal of hazardous chemicals from the environment is an important aspect. The physical, chemical and biological approaches have been developed and implemented to treat wastewaters. The microbial and algal treatment methods have emerged as a growing field due to their eco-friendly and sustainable approach. Particularly, microalgae emerged as a potential organism for the treatment of contaminated water bodies. The microalgae of the genera Chlorella, Anabaena, Ankistrodesmus, Aphanizomenon, Arthrospira, Botryococcus, Chlamydomonas, Chlorogloeopsis, Dunaliella, Haematococcus, Isochrysis, Nannochloropsis, Porphyridium, Synechococcus, Scenedesmus, and Spirulina reported for the wastewater treatment and biomass production. Microalgae have the potential for adsorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. The microalgal strains can mitigate the hazardous chemicals via their diverse cellular mechanisms. Applications of the microalgae strains were found to be effective for sustainable developments and circular economy due to the production of biomass with the utilization of pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248016, India
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kopperi H, Mohan SV. Comparative appraisal of nutrient recovery, bio-crude, and bio-hydrogen production using Coelestrella sp. in a closed-loop biorefinery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:964070. [PMID: 36213054 PMCID: PMC9537770 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.964070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A closed loop algal-biorefinery was designed based on a three-stage integration of dairy wastewater (DWW) treatment, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of defatted algal biomass, and acidogenic process in a semi-synthetic framework. Initially, Coelestrella sp SVMIICT5 was grown in a 5 L photo-bioreactor and scaled up to a 50 L flat-panel photo-bioreactor using DWW. The microalgal growth showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in a biomass growth of 3.2 g/L of DCW with 87% treatment efficiency. The biomolecular composition showed 26% lipids with a good fatty acid profile (C12-C21) as well as carbohydrate (24.9%) and protein (31.8%) content. In the second stage, the de-oiled algal biomass was valorized via HTL at various temperatures (150°C, 200°, and 250°C) and reaction atmospheres (N2 and H2). Among these, the 250°C (H2) condition showed a 52% bio-crude fraction and an HHV of ∼29.47 MJ/kg (bio-oil) with a saturated hydrocarbon content of 64.3% that could be further upgraded to jet fuels. The energy recovery (73.01%) and elemental enrichment (carbon; 65.67%) were relatively greater in H2 compared to N2 conditions. Finally, dark fermentation of the complex-structured HTL-AF stream resulted in a total bio-H2 production of 231 ml/g of TOC with a 63% treatment efficiency. Life cycle analysis (LCA) was also performed for the mid-point and damage categories to assess the sustainability of the integrated process. Thus, the results of this study demonstrated comprehensive wastewater treatment and valorization of de-oiled algal biomass for chemical/fuel intermediates in the biorefinery context by low-carbon processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harishankar Kopperi
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - S. Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: S. Venkata Mohan,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gong C, Zhang J, Ren X, He C, Han J, Zhang Z. A comparative study of electrocoagulation treatment with iron, aluminum and zinc electrodes for selenium removal from flour production wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135249. [PMID: 35691397 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) using iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and aluminum (Al) electrodes was comparatively applied in the treatment of selenium (Se) in flour production (FP) wastewater. It was indicated that EC treatment with Fe anode obtained highest removal efficiency (79.1%) for Se in the 90 min treatment in the comparative study, which could be attributed to the superior adsorption capacity of in-situ generated iron flocs. Removal of Se resulted from electrodeposition and adsorption to in-situ generated flocs in EC treatment, and the operational conditions significantly influenced the Se removal performance in this work. The results showed the acidic condition and higher current density favored EC treatment on Se removal, EC removed up to 97.8% of Se at pH 4 under 15 mA cm-2, whereas it obtained 83.5% and 50.4% of removal efficiency at pH 7 and 10, respectively. There was competitive adsorption in the process of selenium removal, as the in-situ generated flocs effectively removed 35.6% of humic acid-like (HA-like) substance in FP wastewater after 90 min treatment. The FTIR results showed that HA-like substance mainly contained the protein water hydrogen bond, carboxylate COO antisymmetric stretching and other functional groups. Through the analysis of existence of Se in flocs and wastewater, it can be found that approximately 2.8%-3.92% of Se was removed by electrodeposition process. This study illustrated the Se removal mechanism and provided constructive suggestion for food manufacturing to the metal removal and utilization of advanced treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Gong
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1 Gao Li Zhang Road, Beijing, 100095, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1 Gao Li Zhang Road, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Xiaojing Ren
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1 Gao Li Zhang Road, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Can He
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1 Gao Li Zhang Road, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Junxing Han
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1 Gao Li Zhang Road, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Zhongguo Zhang
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1 Gao Li Zhang Road, Beijing, 100095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh V, Mishra V. Evaluation of the effects of input variables on the growth of two microalgae classes during wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118165. [PMID: 35183015 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment carried out by microalgae is usually affected by the type of algal strain and the combination of cultivation parameters provided during the process. Every microalga strain has a different tolerance level towards cultivation parameters, including temperature, pH, light intensity, CO2 content, initial inoculum level, pretreatment method, reactor type and nutrient concentration in wastewater. Therefore, it is vital to supply the right combination of cultivation parameters to increase the wastewater treatment efficiency and biomass productivity of different microalgae classes. In the current investigation, the decision tree was used to analyse the dataset of class Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Various combinations of cultivation parameters were determined to enhance their performance in wastewater treatment. Nine combinations of cultivation parameters leading to high biomass production and eleven combinations each for high nitrogen removal efficiency and high phosphorus removal efficiency for class Trebouxiophyceae were detected by decision tree models. Similarly, eleven combinations for high biomass production, nine for high nitrogen removal efficiency, and eight for high phosphorus removal efficiency were detected for class Chlorophyceae. The results obtained through decision tree analysis can provide the optimum conditions of cultivation parameters, saving time in designing new experiments for treating wastewater at a large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Vishal Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Krimech A, Helamieh M, Wulf M, Krohn I, Riebesell U, Cherifi O, Mandi L, Kerner M. Differences in adaptation to light and temperature extremes of Chlorella sorokiniana strains isolated from a wastewater lagoon. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 350:126931. [PMID: 35247554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Presently, two Chlorella sorokiniana strains sampled during summer (CS-S) and winter (CS-W) from a maturation pond and isolated by dominance were studied on their behavior on temperature and light extremes in batch experiments. Although both strains showed no differences in their tolerance of temperatures up to 45 °C, the growth rates, pigment contents and fatty acid compositions in response to PAR at 700 and 1,500 µmol m-2sec-1 differed. CS-W was less affected by photoinhibition and maintained constantly high growth rates. High radiation resulted in both strains in an equivalent decrease of chlorophyll a and accessory pigments indicating that the latter did not function as a light filter. PUFAS (18:3 and 16:3) increased in CS-W at high radiation by > 60% and decreased in CS-S by 8 %. Results indicate that CS-W is highly favorable for mass cultivation particularly in outdoors, in which diurnal variations of solar radiation occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aafaf Krimech
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mark Helamieh
- SSC Strategic Science Consult GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melina Wulf
- SSC Strategic Science Consult GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ines Krohn
- Universität Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Biological Oceanography, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ouafa Cherifi
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Laila Mandi
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Martin Kerner
- SSC Strategic Science Consult GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li S, Li X, Ho SH. Microalgae as a solution of third world energy crisis for biofuels production from wastewater toward carbon neutrality: An updated review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132863. [PMID: 34774903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The boost of the greenhouse gases (GHGs, largely carbon dioxide - CO2) emissions owing to anthropogenic activity is one of the biggest global threats. Bio-CO2 emission reduction has received more and more attention as an environmentally sustainable approach. Microalgae are very popular in this regard because of excellent speed of growth, low costs of production, and resistance to extreme environments. Besides, most microalgae can undergo photosynthesis, where the CO2 and solar energy can be converted into sugar, and subsequently become biomass, providing a renewable and promising biofuel strategy with a few outstanding benefits. This review focuses on presenting CO2 sequestration by microalgae towards wastewater treatment and biodiesel production. First, the CO2 fixation mechanism by microalgae viz., sequestration and assimilation of CO2 in green microalgae as well as cyanobacteria were introduced. Besides, factors affecting CO2 sequestration in microalgae, containing microalgae species and cultivation conditions, such as light condition, photobioreactor, configuration, pH, CO2 concentration, temperature, and medium composition, were then comprehensively discussed. Special attention was given to the production of biodiesel as third-generation biofuel from various wastewater (CO2 biofixation), including processing steps of biodiesel production by microalgae, biodiesel production from wastewater, and improved methods. Furthermore, current life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) used in biodiesel production were discussed. Finally, the research challenges and specific prospects were considered. Taken together, this review provides useful and updated information to facilitate the development of microalgal "green chemistry" and "environmental sustainability".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Melo JM, Ribeiro MR, Telles TS, Amaral HF, Andrade DS. Microalgae cultivation in wastewater from agricultural industries to benefit next generation of bioremediation: a bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22708-22720. [PMID: 34797540 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a bibliometric analysis and mapping of existing scientific papers, focusing on microalgae cultivation coupled with biomass production and bioremediation of wastewater from agricultural industries, including cassava, dairy, and coffee. Using the Web of Science (WoS) database for the period 1996-2021, a search was performed using a keyword strategy, aiming at segregating the papers in groups. For the first search step, the keywords "wastewater treatment", AND "microalgae", AND "cassava" OR "dairy" OR "coffee" were used, resulting in 59 papers. For the second step, the keywords "wastewater treatment" AND "biomass productivity" AND "microalgae" AND "economic viability" OR "environmental impacts" were used, which resulted in 34 articles. In these papers, keywords such as "carbon dioxide biofixation" and "removal of nutrients by the production of biomass by microalgae" followed by "environmental and economic impacts" were highlighted. Some of these papers presented an analysis of the economic feasibility of the process, which reveal the state-of-the-art setup required to make the cultivation of microalgae economically viable. Researches focusing on the efficiency of microalgae biomass harvesting are needed to improve the integration of microalgae production in industrial eco-parks using wastewater to achieve the global goal of bioremediation and clean alternatives for renewable energy generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Muniz Melo
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Marina Ronchesel Ribeiro
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Tiago Santos Telles
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil
| | | | - Diva Souza Andrade
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, P. O. Box 1030, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86047-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Malik S, Kishore S, Prasad S, Shah MP. A comprehensive review on emerging trends in industrial wastewater research. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:296-309. [PMID: 35132661 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization is one of the intricate factors that is linked to the depletion of water resources and increased generation of wastewater. Due to various obstructions and impediments, such as ineffective treatment solutions, exorbitant prices, lack of basic amenities, insufficient financial assistance, and technical expertise, sustainable treatment of industrial effluents has become an onerous process in most parts of the world. The majority of current treatment solutions are conventional and outdated, and thus fall short to remove all the contaminants efficiently from the industrial wastewater. Moreover, poorly treated or untreated industrial effluents are indiscriminately dumped into water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, causing substantial health hazards to humans and animals and serious threats to the aquatic ecosystem. Thus, there is a need for highly efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable technologies for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Employment of microbial technologies such as microbial fuel cells and microalgal technologies, treatment of wastewater can be coupled with the production of bioelectricity and valuable biomass, respectively. Moreover, with nanofiltration and biochar technologies, the efficiency of the overall treatment procedure can be increased to a greater extent. The present review aims to highlight opportunities and challenges associated with some of the emerging trends in industrial wastewater research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shristi Kishore
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shilpa Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Maulin P Shah
- Environmental Technology Lab, Bharuch, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sharma R, Mishra A, Pant D, Malaviya P. Recent advances in microalgae-based remediation of industrial and non-industrial wastewaters with simultaneous recovery of value-added products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126129. [PMID: 34655783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of microalgae to grow in a broad spectrum of wastewaters manifests great potentials for removing contaminants from effluents of industries and urban areas. Since the post-treatment microalgae biomass is also a significant source of high-value products, microalgae-based wastewater treatment is an economical and sustainable solution to wastewater management. Adding more value, the integration of microalgae with living/non-living materials looks more promising. Microalgae-based treatment technology has certain limitations like high operational costs, problematic harvesting, large land requirements, and hindrance in photosynthesis due to turbid wastewater. These challenges need to be essentially addressed to achieve enhanced wastewater remediation. This review has highlighted the potential applications of microalgae in contaminant removal from wastewaters, simultaneous resource recovery, efficient microalgae-based hybrid systems along with bottlenecks and prospects. This state-of-the-art article will edify the role of microalgae in wastewater remediation, biomass valorization for bio-based products, and present numerous possibilities in strengthening the circular bioeconomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozi Sharma
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arti Mishra
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida-201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation & Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Piyush Malaviya
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saleem S, Zeshan, Iftikhar R, Zafar MI, Sohail NF. Growth kinetics of microalgae cultivated in different dilutions of fresh leachate for sustainable nutrient recovery and carbon fixation. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
18
|
Singh HM, Tyagi VV, Kothari R, Azam R, Khare P, Sari A. Novel approach for harvesting of microalgal biomass using electric geyser waste material deposit as flocculant in coupling with poultry excreta leachate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125646. [PMID: 34418844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the flocculation efficiency of algal biomass (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) in coupling with waste materials i.e. poultry excreta leachate by using other waste material which was obtained from deposition of scaling in electric geyser. Utilization of electric geyser waste material deposit (EGWMD) for flocculation is a novel approach because of various elements which are replica of chemical flocculants responsible for flocculation mechanism in culture medium. Flocculation process was optimized by response surface methodology and 98.21% flocculation efficiency was achieved with designed process parameters as temperature 32.5 °C, flocculant dose 275 mgL-1, pH 5 and time 30 min. The reusability of spent medium was also analyzed at 70.2% and 32.5% flocculation efficiency with two successive steps. The cellular morphology of pre-harvested and post-harvested Chlorella pyrenoidosa was also observed. EGWMD is abundant and freely available that has no application till now and can alternate of chemical flocculants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Har Mohan Singh
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India
| | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K, 181143, India.
| | - Rifat Azam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P., 226025, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Crop Production and Protection Division, CIMAP, Lucknow, U.P., 226015, India
| | - Ahmet Sari
- Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Centers of Research Excellence, Renewable Energy Research Institute, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Azam R, Kothari R, Singh HM, Ahmad S, Sari A, Tyagi VV. Cultivation of two Chlorella species in Open sewage contaminated channel wastewater for biomass and biochemical profiles: Comparative lab-scale approach. J Biotechnol 2021; 344:24-31. [PMID: 34838946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Open sewage contaminated channel wastewater (OSCCW) has high pollutant loads, responsible for eutrophication, when mixed with various channels of urban communities. But, these pollutants can be converted and recovered into useful end products with the help of algal species. In this study, two species of Chlorella (C. vulgaris and C. pyrenoidosa) were selected and investigated for the production of algal biomass and nutrient removal efficiencies with 50% concentration of OSCCW, in a comparative way at lab-scale. Chlorella sp. cultivated in OSCCW have removed nitrate (76.9-78.8%) and phosphate (67.6-79.7%) whereas COD (72.4-76.2%) and BOD (62.3-72.4%) respectively. Correlation analysis was investigated between physico-chemical parameters and biochemical profile of both species to analyze the positive and negative correlation between two variables. The bio-chemical profile and biomass productivity of both species of Chlorella were observed well on the basis of productivity of biomass (60.1, 56.5 mg/l/d), carbohydrate (15.71, 8.82 mg/l/d), protein (11.21, 15.82 mg/l/d), lipid (20.8, 17.5 mg/l/d) and chlorophyll (0.78, 0.67 mg/l/d) in OSCCW. The maximum lipid content (34.6%) was obtained with C. pyrenoidosa as compared to C. vulgaris. Findings also support that OSCCW is well-off with nutrient resources, which can be suitable alternative for algal biomass production and remediated wastewater can be used for animal and fish farming type activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Azam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, 226025, India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K, 181143, India.
| | - Har Mohan Singh
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India
| | - Shamshad Ahmad
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Ahmet Sari
- Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Centers of Research Excellence, Renewable Energy Research Institute, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Role of Microalgae in Global CO2 Sequestration: Physiological Mechanism, Recent Development, Challenges, and Future Prospective. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132313061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rising concentration of global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has severely affected our planet’s homeostasis. Efforts are being made worldwide to curb carbon dioxide emissions, but there is still no strategy or technology available to date that is widely accepted. Two basic strategies are employed for reducing CO2 emissions, viz. (i) a decrease in fossil fuel use, and increased use of renewable energy sources; and (ii) carbon sequestration by various biological, chemical, or physical methods. This review has explored microalgae’s role in carbon sequestration, the physiological apparatus, with special emphasis on the carbon concentration mechanism (CCM). A CCM is a specialized mechanism of microalgae. In this process, a sub-cellular organelle known as pyrenoid, containing a high concentration of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco), helps in the fixation of CO2. One type of carbon concentration mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the association of pyrenoid tubules with thylakoids membrane is represented through a typical graphical model. Various environmental factors influencing carbon sequestration in microalgae and associated techno-economic challenges are analyzed critically.
Collapse
|
21
|
Singh DV, Upadhyay AK, Singh R, Singh DP. Microalgal competence in urban wastewater management: phycoremediation and lipid production. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:831-841. [PMID: 34748446 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1979463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the strain aptness, phycoremediation potential and lipid yield in microalgae Chloroccocum humicola and Oscillatoria sp. Results revealed that microalgae treated with different concentration of wastewater (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) recovered nutrients (Nitrogen: 50.55-85.90%, Phosphorus: 69.98-93.72%) and removed heavy metals (24.17-88.10%) from wastewater. Microalgae C. humicola showed significant reduction in physico-chemical parameters of wastewater at 25% and 50% respectively with considerable increase in lipid production (1.61 folds) at 50% wastewater concentration. In order to counterbalance the wastewater induced toxicity, both microalgae exhibited stimulated antioxidants viz., proline (1.26-4.04 folds), ascorbic acid (1.01-9.21 folds), cysteine (1.44-4.92 folds), catalase (0.99-3.63 folds), superoxide dismutase (1.15-1.43 folds) and glutathione reductase (1.43-6.67 folds) at different wastewater concentrations. Further, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy spectral elucidation of Chloroccocum humicola at 50% reflected high lipid peak in the regions 3000-2800 cm-1 as compared to Oscillatoria sp. Thus, growth characteristics, biochemical responses and lipid yield presented the suitability of the Chloroccocum humicola to be used in phycoremedation, resource recovery as well as lipid production, which may be further utilized as potent feedstock for third generation energy demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dig Vijay Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - A K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - R Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - D P Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chandra R, Pradhan S, Patel A, Ghosh UK. An approach for dairy wastewater remediation using mixture of microalgae and biodiesel production for sustainable transportation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113210. [PMID: 34375226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is remediation of dairy wastewater (DWW) for biodiesel feedstock production using poly-microalgae cultures of four microalgae namely Chlorella minutissima (C. minutissima), Scenedesmus abundans (S. abundans), Nostoc muscorum (N. muscorum) and Spirulina sp. The poly-microalgae cultures were prepared as C. minutissima + N. muscorum (CN), C. minutissima + N. muscorum + Spirulina sp. (CNSS) and S. abundans + N. muscorum + Spirulina sp. (SNSS). Poly-microalgae culture CNSS cultivated on 70% DWW achieved 75.16, 61.37, 58.76, 84.48 and 84.58%, removals of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and suspended solids (SS), respectively, at 12:12 h photoperiod that resulted into total biomass and lipid yield of 3.47 ± 0.07 g/L and 496.32± 0.065 mg/L. However, maximum biomass and lipid yields of 5.76 ± 0.06 and 1152.37 ± 0.065 mg/L were achieved by poly-microalgae culture CNSS cultivated on 70% DWW + 10 g/L of glucose at 18:6 h photoperiod. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis shown presence of C14:0 (myristic acid) C16:0 (palmitic acid), C16:1 (palmitoleic acid), C18:0 (stearic acid), C18:2 (linoleic acid) and C18:3 (linolenic acid), it indicates that the lipids produced from poly-microalgae cultures are suitable for biodiesel production. Thus, poly-microalgae cultures could be more efficient than mono-microalgae cultures in the remediation of DWW and for biodiesel feedstock production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chandra
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Polymer and Process Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (Saharanpur Campus), Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Snigdhendubala Pradhan
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Lulea, Sweden
| | - Uttam Kumar Ghosh
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Polymer and Process Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (Saharanpur Campus), Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Singh V, Mishra V. Exploring the effects of different combinations of predictor variables for the treatment of wastewater by microalgae and biomass production. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
24
|
Chong JWR, Yew GY, Khoo KS, Ho SH, Show PL. Recent advances on food waste pretreatment technology via microalgae for source of polyhydroxyalkanoates. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112782. [PMID: 34052610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible polyester which are biosynthesized from the intracellular cells of microalgae through the cultivation of organic food waste medium. Before cultivation process, food waste must undergo several pre-treatment techniques such as chemical, biological, physical or mechanical in order to solubilize complex food waste matter into simpler micro- and macronutrients in which allow bio-valorisation of microalgae and food waste compound during the cultivation process. This work reviews four microalgae genera namely Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Spirulina, and Botryococcus, are selected as suitable species due to rapid growth rate, minimal nutrient requirement, greater adaptability and flexibility prior to lower the overall production cost and maximized the production of PHAs. This study also focuses on the different mode of cultivation for the accumulation of PHAs followed by cell wall destabilization, extraction, and purification. Nonetheless, this review provides future insights into enhancing the productivity of bioplastic derived from microalgae towards low-cost, large-scale, and higher productivity of PHAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei Roy Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P.R. China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Guo Yong Yew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P.R. China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rodrigues-Sousa AE, Nunes IV, Muniz-Junior AB, Carvalho JCM, Mejia-da-Silva LC, Matsudo MC. Nitrogen supplementation for the production of Chlorella vulgaris biomass in secondary effluent from dairy industry. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
26
|
Mohan Singh H, Tyagi VV, Kothari R, Azam R, Singh Slathia P, Singh B. Bioprocessing of cultivated Chlorella pyrenoidosa on poultry excreta leachate to enhance algal biomolecule profile for resource recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123850. [PMID: 32738558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on poultry excreta leachate to enhance the biochemical composition of algal biomass. The growth of microalgae was analyzed with different concentrations of poultry excreta leachate in BG-11 and distilled water. The biomolecules observed have high value in the form of carbohydrates (0.64 gL-1), protein (1.02 gL-1), chlorophyll (20 µg mL-1) and lipid amount (0.49 gL-1) with PEL BG -25%. Biomass produced in PEL BG -25% was also found to be 60% (2.5 gL-1) higher than the BG-11 medium as a control (1.5gL-1). Recovery of nutrients was observed with leachate wastewater concentration in terms of nitrate (84.2%), ammonium nitrogen (53.1%), and inorganic phosphate (96.2%). Hence, sustainability of microalgae cultivation in wastewater provides a new insight for resource utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Har Mohan Singh
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu (J&K) 182320, India
| | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu (J&K) 182320, India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba (J&K) 181143, India.
| | - Rifat Azam
- Bioenergy and Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P 226025, India
| | - Parvez Singh Slathia
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu (J&K) 182320, India
| | - Bhaskar Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Khatiwada B, Sunna A, Nevalainen H. Molecular tools and applications of Euglena gracilis: From biorefineries to bioremediation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3952-3967. [PMID: 32710635 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Euglena gracilis is a promising source of commercially important metabolites such as vitamins, wax esters, paramylon, and amino acids. However, the molecular tools available to create improved Euglena strains are limited compared to other microorganisms that are currently exploited in the biotechnology industry. The complex poly-endosymbiotic nature of the Euglena genome is a major bottleneck for obtaining a complete genome sequence and thus represents a notable shortcoming in gaining molecular information of this organism. Therefore, the studies and applications have been more focused on using the wild-type strain or its variants and optimizing the nutrient composition and cultivation conditions to enhance the production of biomass and valuable metabolites. In addition to producing metabolites, the E. gracilis biorefinery concept also provides means for the production of biofuels and biogas as well as residual biomass for the remediation of industrial and municipal wastewater. Using Euglena for bioremediation of environments contaminated with heavy metals is of special interest due to the strong ability of the organism to accumulate and sequester these compounds. The published draft genome and transcriptome will serve as a basis for further molecular studies of Euglena and provide a guide for the engineering of metabolic pathways of relevance for the already established as well as novel applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Khatiwada
- Department Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anwar Sunna
- Department Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helena Nevalainen
- Department Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Morando-Grijalva CA, Vázquez-Larios AL, Alcántara-Hernández RJ, Ortega-Clemente LA, Robledo-Narváez PN. Isolation of a freshwater microalgae and its application for the treatment of wastewater and obtaining fatty acids from tilapia cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28575-28584. [PMID: 32212076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, isolated strains of the microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. (CH) and Chlorella vulgaris (CV) were used to treat aquaculture wastewater and to obtain fatty acids and from a fattening culture of tilapia. The microalgae were cultivated for 11 days in tubular photobioreactors with an operating volume of 2 L, constant aeration and illumination. High removal rates of NO3- and PO43- were achieved for both Chlamydomonas sp. (84.7% and 96%, respectively) and Chlorella vulgaris (94.6 and 97.9%, respectively). The maximum biomass productivity achieved by Chlamydomonas sp. was 0.06 and 0.10 gL-1d-1 for Chlorella vulgaris. Therefore, tilapia wastewater contained the necessary nutrient concentration for algal growth and development. Chlamydomonas sp. biomass lipid content was 69%, while that of Chlorella vulgaris was 40%. The lipid profile of both microalgae was abundant in palmitic acid (78% for Chlamydomonas sp. and 35% for Chlorella vulgaris). This fatty acid is suitable for biodiesel production. Tilapia wastewater is low-cost alternative culture medium as it contains the necessary nutrient concentration for microalgae development and growth.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tamil Selvan S, Velramar B, Ramamurthy D, Balasundaram S, Sivamani K. Pilot scale wastewater treatment, CO 2 sequestration and lipid production using microalga, Neochloris aquatica RDS02. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:1462-1479. [PMID: 32615792 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1782828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In present investigation carried out large-scale treatment of tannery effluent by the cultivation of microalgae, Neochloris aquatica RDS02. The tannery effluent treatment revealed that significant reduction heavy metals were chromium-3.59, lead-2.85, nickel-1.9, cadmium-10.68, zinc-4.49, copper-0.95 and cobalt-1.86 mg/L on 15th day of treatment using N. aquatica RDS02. The microalgal biosorption capacity q max rate was Cr-88.66, Pb-75.87, Ni-87.61, Cd-60.44, Co-52.86, Zn-84.90 and Cu-54.39, and isotherm model emphasized that the higher R 2 value 0.99 by Langmuir and Freundlich kinetics model. The microalga utilized highest CO2 (90%) analyzed by CO2 biofixation and utilization kinetics, biomass (3.9 mg/mL), lipid (210 mg mL-1), carbohydrate (102.75 mg mL-1), biodiesel (4.9 mL g-1) and bioethanol (4.1 mL g-1). The microalgal-lipid content was analyzed through Nile red staining. Gas chromatography mass spectrometric (GCMS) analysis confirmed that the presence of a biodiesel and major fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling viz., tridecanoic acid methyl ester, pentadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, myristic acid methyl ester, palmitic acid methyl ester and oleic acid methyl ester. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the presence of a functional groups viz., phenols, alcohols, alkynes, carboxylic acids, ketones, carbonyl and ester groups. The bioethanol production was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyze.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silambarasan Tamil Selvan
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Aarupadi Veedu Medical College and Hospital Campus, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | | | | | - Sendilkumar Balasundaram
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Aarupadi Veedu Medical College and Hospital Campus, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
- School of Allied Health Sciences, VIMS Hospital Campus, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, India
| | - Kanimozhi Sivamani
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Aarupadi Veedu Medical College and Hospital Campus, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Biotreatment of Poultry Waste Coupled with Biodiesel Production Using Suspended and Attached Growth Microalgal-Based Systems. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12125024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Poultry litter extract (PLE) was treated using a microbial consortium dominated by the filamentous cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. in synergy with heterotrophic microorganisms of the poultry waste. Laboratory- and pilot-scale experiments were conducted under aerobic conditions using suspended and attached growth photobioreactors. Different dilutions of the extract were performed, leading to different initial pollutant (nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved chemical oxygen demand (d-COD), total sugars) concentrations. Significant nutrient removal rates, biomass productivity, and maximum lipid production were determined for all the systems examined. Higher d-COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, and total sugars removal were recorded in the attached growth reactors in both laboratory- (up to 94.0%, 88.2%, 97.4%, and 79.3%, respectively) and pilot-scale experiments (up to 82.0%, 69.4%, 81.0%, and 83.8%, respectively). High total biomass productivities were also recorded in the pilot-scale attached growth experiments (up to 335.3 mg L−1d−1). The produced biomass contained up to 19.6% lipids (w/w) on a dry weight basis, while the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids accounted for more than 70% of the total fatty acids, indicating a potential biodiesel production system. We conclude that the processing systems developed in this work can efficiently treat PLE and simultaneously produce lipids suitable as feedstock in the biodiesel manufacture.
Collapse
|
31
|
Azam R, Kothari R, Singh HM, Ahmad S, Ashokkumar V, Tyagi VV. Production of algal biomass for its biochemical profile using slaughterhouse wastewater for treatment under axenic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123116. [PMID: 32203901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Slaughterhouse produce large amount of wastewater, containing high pollutant load in terms of protein, fats and meat pieces, might lead to source of non-point contamination. Various concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of slaughterhouse wastewater were used to increase the algal biomass production, pollutants removal and biochemical profile analysis under controlled conditions of C. pyrenoidosa. Results showed that the maximum biomass yield 430 mg L-1 was achieved at 50% concentration of wastewater to other concentration of wastewater. Direct relation was observed in between pollution load and nutrient load of SHWW with biochemical profile of C. pyrenoidosa. The COD/BOD ratio (1.9) was found to be significant on the scale of degradability by algal biomass. Sufficient nutrient removal efficiencies (23-42%, 18-48%) and pollutant load efficiencies (17-31%, 7-29%) were observed. Findings showed that slaughterhouse wastewater is rich in nutrients, which can be utilized for algal biomass production and wastewater remediation for future endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Azam
- Bioenergy and Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Bioenergy and Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P, India; Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, J&K, India.
| | - Har Mohan Singh
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, India
| | - Shamshad Ahmad
- Bioenergy and Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P, India
| | | | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Algae-Bacteria Consortia as a Strategy to Enhance H 2 Production. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061353. [PMID: 32486026 PMCID: PMC7348838 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological hydrogen production by microalgae is a potential sustainable, renewable and clean source of energy. However, many barriers limiting photohydrogen production in these microorganisms remain unsolved. In order to explore this potential and make biohydrogen industrially affordable, the unicellular microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is used as a model system to solve barriers and identify new approaches that can improve hydrogen production. Recently, Chlamydomonas–bacteria consortia have opened a new window to improve biohydrogen production. In this study, we review the different consortia that have been successfully employed and analyze the factors that could be behind the improved H2 production.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abd El Fatah HM, El-Baghdady KZ, Zakaria AE, Sadek HN. Improved lipid productivity of Chlamydomonas globosa and Oscillatoria pseudogeminata as a biodiesel feedstock in artificial media and wastewater. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Ye S, Gao L, Zhao J, An M, Wu H, Li M. Simultaneous wastewater treatment and lipid production by Scenedesmus sp. HXY2. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122903. [PMID: 32018084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Screening for highly efficient microalgae is an important technique for improving treatment efficiency. In this study, eight species of microalgae (five Scenedesmus and three Desmodesmus) were isolated from water and soil in the Hexi Corridor region, China, and identified by 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Scenedesmus sp. HXY2 grew well under high total organic carbon and ammonia conditions and had the highest nutrient removal efficiency (>95%). On day 12, the biomass of Scenedesmus sp. HXY2 was 7.2 × 106 cells mL-1. The lipid content and productivity of this species were 15.56% and 5.67 mg L-1 day-1, respectively. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (60.07%) indicated that the lipids of Scenedesmus sp. HXY2 were suitable for biodiesel production. Scenedesmus sp. HXY2 showed great potential for growth in wastewater with high ammonia and organic contents to simultaneously purify wastewater and produce lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ye
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- SouthEast Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Mei An
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Haiming Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Scientific Laboratory of Heyang Agricultural Environment and Farmland Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heyang 715300, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Interactions between Microalgae and Bacteria in the Treatment of Wastewater from Milk Whey Processing. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Milk whey processing wastewaters (MWPWs) are characterized by high COD and organic nitrogen content; the concentrations of phosphorus are also relevant. A microalgal-based process was tested at lab scale in order to assess the feasibility of treating MWPW without any dilution or pre-treatment. Different microalgal strains and populations were tested. Based on the obtained results, Scenedesmus acuminatus (SA) and a mixed population (PM) chiefly made of Chlorella, Scenedesmus, and Chlamydomonas spp. were grown in duplicate for 70 days in Plexiglas column photobioreactors (PBRs), fed continuously (2.5 L culture volume, 7 days hydraulic retention time). Nutrient removal, microalgae growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and the composition of microalgal populations in the columns were monitored. At steady state, the microalgal growth was similar for SA and PM. The average removal efficiencies for the main pollutants were: 93% (SA), 94% (PM) for COD; 88% (SA) and 90% (PM) for total N; and 69% (SA) and 73% (PM) for total P. The residual pollution levels in the effluent from the PBRs were low enough to allow their discharge into surface waters; such good results were achieved thanks to the synergy between the microalgae and bacteria in the CO2 and oxygen production/consumption and in the nitrogen mineralization.
Collapse
|
36
|
Özdemir Koçak F. Identification of Streptomyces strains isolated from Humulus lupulus rhizosphere and determination of plant growth promotion potential of selected strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 43:391-403. [PMID: 31892814 PMCID: PMC6911257 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1906-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the present study it was aimed to obtain novel strains of actinomycetes that have the ability to promote plant growth. For this, seven soil samples from the rhizosphere of Humulus lupulus (Pazaryeri, Bilecik) were used and potential isolates were obtained. 16S rRNA genes of 30 isolates were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Eighteen isolates were found to be closely related to Streptomycetes spp. and they were tested for their proteolytic activity, cellulase activity, phosphate solubility, IAA production, biofilm formation, and growth in nitrogen-limited medium. Two isolates, HCI 12 and HCI 36, were selected according to the results of these tests and their effects on growth of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) were determined. Results indicated that the HCI 12 and HCI 36 strains caused a significant increase in root and shoot lengths, dry/fresh weights, and vigor index values compared to the control. The change in macromolecular structure including carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids of tomato plants with HCI 12 and HCI 36 inoculation was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The results obtained from FTIR analysis were used in principal component analysis to evaluate changes in amide, carbohydrate, and lipid ratios of plant leaves due to microorganism application. Inoculation with the HCI 12 and HCI 36 strains caused a significant increase in the total carbohydrate and lipid ratio of tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadime Özdemir Koçak
- Department of Nursing, School of Health, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik Turkey.,Biotechnology Application and Research Center, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pandey A, Srivastava S, Kumar S. Isolation, screening and comprehensive characterization of candidate microalgae for biofuel feedstock production and dairy effluent treatment: A sustainable approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:121998. [PMID: 31473377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the indigenous native microalgae were isolated from domestic and dairy effluent (DE) and further screened for DE treatment and lipid accumulation. All the isolated microalgae were examined for their growth adaptability in DE. The growth parameters of 15 isolates were determined and the following six isolates further selected for comprehensive analysis and identified as Desmodesmus sp. ASK01, Chlorella sp. ASK14, Scenedesmus sp. ASK16, Scenedesmus sp. ASK22, Chlorella sp. ASK25 and Chlorella sp. ASK27. The nutrient remediation capacity of six isolates as well as its lipid accumulation potential and biomass composition were determined. The Scenedesmus sp. ASK22 showed the best combined results and promising strain for the DE treatment and biofuel production. Biomass composition of Scenedesmus sp. ASK22 showed an oil accumulation of 30.7% (w/w) and biomass yield 1.22 g L-1. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) mainly composed of C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., India
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P., India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gupta S, Pawar SB, Pandey RA. Current practices and challenges in using microalgae for treatment of nutrient rich wastewater from agro-based industries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:1107-1126. [PMID: 31412448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research activities are underway involving microalgae species in order to treat industrial wastewater to address the waste-to-bioenergy economy. Several studies of wastewater treatment using microalgae have been primarily focused on removal of key nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Although the use of wastewater would provide nutrients and water for microalgae growth, the whole process is even more complex than the conventional microalgae cultivation on freshwater media. The former one adds several gridlocks to the system. These gridlocks are surplus organic and inorganic nutrients concentration, pH of wastewater, wastewater color, total dissolved solids (TDS), microbial contaminants, the scale of photobioreactor, batch versus continuous system, harvesting of microalgae biomass etc. The present review discusses, analyses, and summarizes key aspects involved in the treatment of wastewaters from distillery, food/snacks product processing, and dairy processing industry using microalgae along with sustainable production of its biomass. This review further evaluates the bottlenecks for individual steps involved in the process such as pretreatment of wastewater for contaminants removal, concentration tolerance/dilutions, harvesting of microalgae biomass, and outdoor scale-up. The review also describes various strategies to optimize algal biomass and lipid productivities for various wastewater and photobioreactor type. Moreover, the review emphasizes the potential of co-cultivation of microorganism such as yeast and bacteria along with microalgae in the treatment of industrial wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvidha Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division (EBGD), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Sanjay B Pawar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division (EBGD), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India.
| | - R A Pandey
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Singh HM, Kothari R, Gupta R, Tyagi VV. Bio-fixation of flue gas from thermal power plants with algal biomass: Overview and research perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 245:519-539. [PMID: 30803750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rate of energy production is reflecting growth of nations and most of energy produced from the coal and natural gas-based thermal power plants (TPPs). Flue gas (point sources of emission) are main exhaustible form of gases that come from thermal power plants and are continuously promoting climate change and various environmental problems in global scenario. The present available technologies of flue gas treatment are energy and cost-intensive process. Among the available techniques for fixation of flue-gases at sustainable part, microalgal bio-fixation of flue gas is an alternative promising and competent technology with assurance of eco-friendly path of low energy and low-cost solution for pollution abetment with production of value added products. According to mechanism involves during photosynthetic process of microalgae, it utilizes atmospheric CO2 and CO2 from flue gases for their growth. Past, present and future treatment technologies for flue gas with their challenges are discussed. Recent experimental studies and commercially available bioreactors are very particular for bio-fixation of flue gas from thermal power plants are also reviewed with their future perspectives. The commercial viability of process with specific microalgal strains and utilized biomass for further value-added products are suggested with future limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Har Mohan Singh
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, (J&K), India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, 181143, (J&K), India; Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, UP, India.
| | - Rakesh Gupta
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, (J&K), India
| | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, (J&K), India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Giraldo JB, Stock W, Dow L, Roef L, Willems A, Mangelinckx S, Kroth PG, Vyverman W, Michiels M. Influence of the algal microbiome on biofouling during industrial cultivation of Nannochloropsis sp. in closed photobioreactors. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
41
|
Potential application of Bacillus pseudofirmus SVB1 extract in effluent treatment. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
42
|
Apandi NM, Mohamed RMSR, Al-Gheethi A, Kassim AHM. Microalgal biomass production through phycoremediation of fresh market wastewater and potential applications as aquaculture feeds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3226-3242. [PMID: 30565116 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass produced from the phycoremediation of wastewater represents an important protein source, lipids, and natural antioxidants and bioproducts. Therefore, the microalgal biomass and their derived compounds are used in animal and aquaculture feed as well as human nutrition and health products. Many microalgal species have shown promising potential for many bioproducts. However, significant processes to find the optimum quality and quantity of microalgal biomass are still required especially when it is used as a replacement for aquaculture feed. The limitations lie in the selection of microalgal species and their production. The present review discusses the potential generation of bioproducts from microalgal biomass resulting from the phycoremediation of wet market wastewater. The consortium approach in wastewater treatment and the comparison between biomass production and available common feeds for aquaculture were reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najeeha Mohd Apandi
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Adel Al-Gheethi
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Eladel H, Esakkimuthu S, Abomohra AEF. Dual Role of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment and Biodiesel Production. APPLICATION OF MICROALGAE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT 2019:85-121. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13909-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
44
|
Ahmad S, Pathak VV, Kothari R, Kumar A, Naidu Krishna SB. Optimization of nutrient stress using C. pyrenoidosa for lipid and biodiesel production in integration with remediation in dairy industry wastewater using response surface methodology. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:326. [PMID: 30034990 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study illustrates optimization and synergetic potential of alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa for lipid production and remediation of Dairy industry wastewater (DIWW) through response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum lipid productivity of 34.41% was obtained under 50% DIWW supplemented with 0 mg L-1 nitrate (NO3-), and 50 mg L-1 phosphate (PO4-3). While maximum biomass productivity (1.54 g L-1) was obtained with 50% DIWW supplemented with 100 mg L-1 NO3-, and 50 mg L-1, PO4-3. Maximum removal of COD (43.47%), NO3- (99.80%) and PO4-3 (98.24%) was achieved with 8th run (75% DIWW, 150 mg L-1 NO3-, 75 mg L-1 PO4-3), 15th run (50% DIWW, 0 mg L-1 NO3-, 50 mg L-1, PO4- 3) followed by 1st run (25% DIWW, 50 mg L-1 NO3-, and 25 mg L-1, PO4-3), respectively. Lipid (bio-oil) obtained from 15th run of experiment was converted in biodiesel through base catalyze transesterification process. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis of biodiesel confirmed the presence of major fatty acids in C. pyrenoidosa grown in DIWW were C11:0, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:1 and C18:2. Results of study clearly demonstrate enhanced growth and lipid accumulation by C. pyrenoidosa in surplus PO4-3 and limitation of NO3- sources with DIWW and its suitability as potential alternative for commercial utilization.
Collapse
|
45
|
Mureed K, Kanwal S, Hussain A, Noureen S, Hussain S, Ahmad S, Ahmad M, Waqas R. Biodiesel production from algae grown on food industry wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:271. [PMID: 29633020 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Algae have an ample potential to produce biodiesel from spent wash of food industry. In addition, it is cheaper and presents an environment friendly way to handle food industry wastewater. This study was conducted to optimize the growth of microalgal strains and to assess biodiesel production potential of algae using untreated food industry wastewater as a source of nutrients. The food industry wastewater was collected and analyzed for its physicochemical characteristics. Different dilutions (10, 20, 40, 80, and 100%) of this wastewater were made with distilled water, and growth of two microalgal strains (Cladophora sp. and Spyrogyra sp.) was recorded. Each type of wastewater was inoculated with microalgae, and biomass was harvested after 7 days. The growth of both strains was also evaluated at varying temperatures, pH and light periods to optimize the algal growth for enhanced biodiesel production. After optimization, biodiesel production by Spyrogyra sp. was recorded in real food industry wastewater. The algal biomass increased with increasing level of food industry wastewater and was at maximum with 100% wastewater. Moreover, statistically similar results were found with algal growth on 100% wastewater and also on Bristol's media. The Cladophora sp. produced higher biomass than Spyrogyra sp. while growing on food industry wastewater. The optimal growth of both microalgal strains was observed at temperature 30 °C, pH: 8, light 24 h. Cladophora sp. was further evaluated for biodiesel production while growing on 100% wastewater and found that this strain produced high level of oil and biodiesel. Algae have an ample potential to produce biodiesel from spent wash of food industry. In addition, it is cheaper and presents an environment friendly way to handle food industry wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Mureed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shamsa Kanwal
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Shamaila Noureen
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Old Shujabad road, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Maqshoof Ahmad
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Waqas
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Sub-campus Burewala), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Engin IK, Cekmecelioglu D, Yücel AM, Oktem HA. Evaluation of heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of novel Micractinium sp. ME05 on vinasse and its scale up for biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:128-134. [PMID: 29274519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct disposal of vinasse, a by-product of molasses fermentation plants, threatens environmental health. This study investigated the usage of vinasse as a nutrient source for the heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of novel Micractinium sp. ME05. The 500-mL flask experiments resulted in higher biomass productivities under mixotrophic conditions (0.16 ± 0.01 g L-1 day1) than the heterotrophic conditions (0.13 ± 0.01 g L-1 day1). A 1.7-fold increase in biomass productivity was achieved by scaling up from 500-mL flasks (0.16 ± 0.01 g L-1 day1) to 2-L flasks (0.27 ± 0.019 g L-1 day1). The 5-L bioreactor experiments resulted in a biomass productivity of 0.32 ± 0.2 g L-1 day1 and lipid productivity of 3.4 ± 0.20 g L-1 day-1. This study demonstrated that Micractinium sp. ME05 can be cultivated with vinasse to produce large amounts of biomass. The FAME profile of mixotrophic Micractinium sp. ME05 cells was promising for further biodiesel production. This study highlights the feasibility of industrial by- product-vinasse as the nutrient source for biomass and lipid productions using the novel Micractinium sp. ME05 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iskin Kose Engin
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biotechnology, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Middle East Technical University, Central Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology R&D Center, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Cekmecelioglu
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Food Engineering, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Meral Yücel
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biotechnology, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Avni Oktem
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biotechnology, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Nanobiz Ltd. METU-Technopolis, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Collotta M, Champagne P, Mabee W, Tomasoni G. Wastewater and waste CO2 for sustainable biofuels from microalgae. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
48
|
Singh AK, Sharma N, Farooqi H, Abdin MZ, Mock T, Kumar S. Phycoremediation of municipal wastewater by microalgae to produce biofuel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:805-812. [PMID: 28156133 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1284758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater (WW), if not properly remediated, poses a threat to the environment and human health by carrying significant loads of nutrients and pathogens. These contaminants pollute rivers, lakes, and natural reservoirs where they cause eutrophication and pathogen-mediated diseases. However, the high nutrient content of WW makes it an ideal environment for remediation with microalgae that require high nutrient concentrations for growth and are not susceptible to toxins and pathogens. Given that an appropriate algal strain is used for remediation, the incurred biomass can be refined for the production of biofuel. Four microalgal species (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella sp., Parachlorella kessleri-I, and Nannochloropsis gaditana) were screened for efficient phycoremediation of municipal WW and potential use for biodiesel production. Among the four strains tested, P. kessleri-I showed the highest growth rate and biomass production in 100% WW. It efficiently removed all major nutrients with a removal rate of up to 98% for phosphate after 10 days of growth in 100% municipal WW collected from Delhi. The growth of P. kessleri-I in WW resulted in a 50% increase of biomass and a 115% increase of lipid yield in comparison to growth in control media. The Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), and fuel properties of lipids isolated from cells grown in WW complied with international standards. The present study provides evidence that the green alga P. kessleri-I effectively remediates municipal WW and can be used to produce biodiesel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- a International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Nikunj Sharma
- a International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Humaira Farooqi
- b Department of Biotechnology , Jamia Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - Malik Zainul Abdin
- b Department of Biotechnology , Jamia Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - Thomas Mock
- c School of Environmental Sciences , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich , United Kingdom
| | - Shashi Kumar
- a International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gani P, Sunar NM, Matias-Peralta H, Mohamed RMSR, Latiff AAA, Parjo UK. Extraction of hydrocarbons from freshwater green microalgae (Botryococcus sp.) biomass after phycoremediation of domestic wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:679-685. [PMID: 28121457 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1284743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to analyze the efficiency of Botryococcus sp. in the phycoremediation of domestic wastewater and to determine the variety of hydrocarbons derived from microalgal oil after phycoremediation. The study showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of pollutant loads of up to 93.9% chemical oxygen demand, 69.1% biochemical oxygen demand, 59.9% total nitrogen, 54.5% total organic carbon, and 36.8% phosphate. The average dry weight biomass produce was 0.1 g/L of wastewater. In addition, the dry weight biomass of Botryococcus sp. was found to contain 72.5% of crude oil. The composition analysis using Gas Chromatogram - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) found that phthalic acid, 2-ethylhexyltridecyl ester (C29H48O4), contributed the highest percentage (71.6%) of the total hydrocarbon compounds to the extracted algae oil. The result of the study suggests that Botryococcus sp. can be used for effective phycoremediation, as well as to provide a sustainable hydrocarbon source as a value-added chemical for the bio-based plastic industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paran Gani
- a Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia
| | - Norshuhaila Mohamed Sunar
- b Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia
| | - Hazel Matias-Peralta
- c Department of Technology and Heritage, Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia
| | - Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed
- a Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia
| | - Ab Aziz Abdul Latiff
- a Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia
| | - Umi Kalthsom Parjo
- b Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gani P, Sunar NM, Matias-Peralta HM, Latiff AAA, Parjo UK, Embong Z, Khalid A, Tajudin SAA. The potential of biodiesel production fromBotryococcussp. biomass after phycoremediation of domestic and industrial wastewater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/160/1/012048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|