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Habchi S, Pecha J, Šánek L, Karouach F, El Bari H. Sustainable valorization of slaughterhouse waste through anaerobic digestion: A circular economy perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121920. [PMID: 39029174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Slaughterhouse waste (SHW) poses significant environmental challenges due to its complex composition. In response, a novel review exploration of anaerobic digestion (AD) as a means of valorising SHW within the context of the circular economy (CE) is presented. The physicochemical properties of individual SHW, representing key parameters for the correct management of the AD process, are scrutinized. These parameters are further connected with identifying suitable pretreatment methods to enhance biogas production. Subsequently, the review examines the diverse technologies employed in the AD of SHW, considering the complexities of mono- or co-digestion. Various AD systems are evaluated for their effectiveness in harnessing the substantial biogas production potential from SHW, encompassing key parameters, reactor configurations, and operational conditions that influence the AD process. Moreover, the review interestingly extends its scope to the recovery and management of digestate, the by-product of AD. Along with the digestate composition, strategies for various utilization of this by-product are discussed. This investigation thus underscores, within the principles of the CE, the dual sustainable benefits of SHW processing via AD in biogas production and utilization of the resultant nutrient-rich digestate in various sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Habchi
- Laboratory of Electronic Systems, Information Processing, Mechanics and Energetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.
| | - Jiří Pecha
- Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Faculty of Applied Informatics, Nad Stranemi 4511, 760 05, Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Šánek
- Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Faculty of Applied Informatics, Nad Stranemi 4511, 760 05, Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Fadoua Karouach
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research (ASARI), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Hassan El Bari
- Laboratory of Electronic Systems, Information Processing, Mechanics and Energetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
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Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sheep Manure and Waste from a Potato Processing Factory: Techno-Economic Analysis. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of sheep manure and potato waste was studied under batch and semi-continuous conditions. Biochemical methane potential tests were carried out for the different substrates before evaluating co-digestion at high-solid content. The reactors presented stable performance under mesophilic conditions, at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.5–4.0 kg VS/m3 and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of approximately 20 days. Increasing the OLR of semi-continuous reactors decreased the methane yield and degradation efficiency of the digestion. Methane-specific production was in the range of 196 and 467 mL CH4/g vs. (sheep manure system and co-digestion, respectively). Based on the experimental data obtained, a techno-economic study was performed for wet and solid-state fermentation systems, with the first configuration presenting better results. The economic feasibility of the hypothetical plant was analyzed considering the variability in electricity and compost selling prices. The economic feasibility of the plant was determined with an electricity selling price of EUR 0.25/kWh, and assuming a centralized plant serving several farmers. Still, this price was considered excessive, given the current electricity market values.
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Simultaneous Synergy in CH4 Yield and Kinetics: Criteria for Selecting the Best Mixtures during Co-Digestion of Wastewater and Manure from a Bovine Slaughterhouse. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Usually, slaughterhouse wastewater has been considered as a single substrate whose anaerobic digestion can lead to inhibition problems and low biodegradability. However, the bovine slaughter process generates different wastewater streams with particular physicochemical characteristics: slaughter wastewater (SWW), offal wastewater (OWW) and paunch wastewater (PWW). Therefore, this research aims to assess the anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of SWW, OWW, PWW and bovine manure (BM) through biochemical methane potential tests in order to reduce inhibition risk and increase biodegradability. A model-based methodology was developed to assess the synergistic effects considering CH4 yield and kinetics simultaneously. The AcoD of PWW and BM with OWW and SWW enhanced the extent of degradation (0.64–0.77) above both PWW (0.34) and BM (0.46) mono-digestion. SWW Mono-digestion showed inhibition risk by NH3, which was reduced by AcoD with PWW and OWW. The combination of low CH4 potential streams (PWW and BM) with high potential streams (OWW and SWW) presented stronger synergistic effects than BM-PWW and SWW-OWW mixtures. Likewise, the multicomponent mixtures performed overall better than binary mixtures. Furthermore, the methodology developed allowed to select the best mixtures, which also demonstrated energy and economic advantages compared to mono-digestions.
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Effect of Pasteurisation on Methane Yield from Food Waste and Other Substrates in Anaerobic Digestion. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of pasteurisation and co-pasteurisation on biochemical methane potential values in anaerobic digestion (AD) was studied. Pasteurisation prior to digestion in a biogas plant is a common hygienisation method for organic materials which contain or have been in contact with animal by-products. Tests were carried out on food waste, slaughterhouse waste, animal blood, cattle slurry, potato waste, card packaging and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW); pasteurisation at 70 °C for 1 h was applied. Pasteurisation had increased the methane yields of blood (+15%) and potato waste (+12%) only, which both had a low content of structural carbohydrates (hemi-cellulose and cellulose) but a particularly high content of either non-structural carbohydrates such as starch (potato waste) or proteins (blood). With food waste, card packaging and cattle slurry, pasteurisation had no observable impact on the methane yield. Slaughterhouse waste and OFMSW yielded less methane after pasteurisation in the experiments (but statistical significance of the difference between pasteurised and unpasteurised slaughterhouse waste or OFMSW was not confirmed in this work). It is concluded that pasteurisation can positively impact the methane yield of some specific substrates, such as potato waste, where heat-treatment may induce gelatinisation with release of the starch molecules. For most substrates, however, pasteurisation at 70 °C is unlikely to increase the methane yield. It is unlikely to improve biodegradability of lignified materials, and it may reduce the methane yield from substrates which contain high contents of volatile components. Furthermore, in this experimental study, the obtained methane yield was unaffected by whether the substrates were pasteurised individually and then co-digested or co-pasteurised as a mixture before batch digestion.
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Arenas CB, Meredith W, Snape CE, Gómez X, González JF, Martinez EJ. Effect of char addition on anaerobic digestion of animal by-products: evaluating biogas production and process performance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24387-24399. [PMID: 32306260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of char addition on the digestion of animal by-products was evaluated as a way for enhancing the performance of the process. Two different types of carbonaceous materials were tested as carbon conductive elements to improve biological treatment. One was derived from a torrefaction process intended for increasing the energy density of lignocellulosic biomass, and the other was obtained from a hydrothermal carbonisation process. In this research, batch digestion systems of animal waste samples were evaluated at a volatile solid (VS) ratio of 1:1 inoculum-substrate (where the content of the substrate in the system was 1.69 ± 0.2 g). The system reported a baseline methane yield of 380 L CH4 kg VS-1 which increased on average to 470 L CH4 kg VS-1 following to the addition of char. The presence of char allowed a faster degradation of the lipid and protein material, reducing inhibitory interactions. The use of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy was applied for elucidating the predetermination of the degradation process and bring an insight into the greater degradation potential attained when carbon materials are used for enhancing microbial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Bernabé Arenas
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24009, Leon, Spain
| | - William Meredith
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, The Energy Technologies Building, Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Collin Edward Snape
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, The Energy Technologies Building, Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Xiomar Gómez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24009, Leon, Spain
| | - José Francisco González
- Area of Chemical Engineering, School of Electrical, Industrial and Informatics, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071, Leon, Spain
| | - Elia Judith Martinez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24009, Leon, Spain.
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Damaceno FM, Buligon EL, Pires Salcedo Restrepo JC, Chiarelotto M, Niedzialkoski RK, de Mendonça Costa LA, de Lucas Junior J, de Mendonça Costa MSS. Semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of flotation sludge from broiler chicken slaughter and sweet potato: Nutrients and energy recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:773-781. [PMID: 31150897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Energy production based on the proper allocation of environmental liabilities is in line with the concept of sustainability. Flotation sludge (S) is a type of waste derived from the physical treatment of the wastewater generated in significant quantities during chicken slaughter in Brazil. If not treated, this wastewater may contribute to pollution, but further treatment provides clean energy and nutrient recycling. The present study aimed at evaluating the reduction of (S) organic load by means of mono and co-digestion with sweet potatoes (P) while promoting its conversion into energy (methane) and nutrients (digestate). Semi-continuous reactors (60 L capacity) were used with a hydraulic retention time of 25 days. The reactors were fed daily with 2.4 L consisting of 60% digestate recirculation, 40% non-chlorinated water and 4.5% total solids (TS). Using nine reactors and six progressive periods, eleven conditions were evaluated with three replicates each. The percentages of (P) and (S) varied from 0 to 100. The best observed condition in terms of energy recovery and TS removal was 60% of P + 40% of S (p ≤ 0.05), as it presented values of at least an increase of 92% in total biogas volume, an increase of 123% in specific methane production, an increase of 98% in specific methane yield and an increase of 44% in TS removal efficiency compared to mono-digestions. The fertilizer potential of the digestate generated in the different conditions was calculated and evaluated according to the area of (P) production. The results varied from 3.6 to 10.8 ha of (P) using 100 m3 of digestate. A multivariate analysis showed that higher amounts of (P) in substrate composition favor energy recycling while higher concentrations of (S) enhance the production of a digestate with valuable agronomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felippe Martins Damaceno
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110 Cascavel, Parana, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Buligon
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110 Cascavel, Parana, Brazil
| | - Juan C Pires Salcedo Restrepo
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110 Cascavel, Parana, Brazil
| | - Maico Chiarelotto
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110 Cascavel, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rosana Krauss Niedzialkoski
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110 Cascavel, Parana, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio de Mendonça Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110 Cascavel, Parana, Brazil
| | - Jorge de Lucas Junior
- Department of Rural Engineering, São Paulo State University, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences at Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85.819-110 Cascavel, Parana, Brazil.
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Sukhesh MJ, Rao PV. Anaerobic digestion of crop residues: Technological developments and environmental impact in the Indian context. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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8
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Gómez X, Meredith W, Fernández C, Sánchez-García M, Díez-Antolínez R, Garzón-Santos J, Snape CE. Evaluating the effect of biochar addition on the anaerobic digestion of swine manure: application of Py-GC/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25600-25611. [PMID: 29959741 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion process of swine manure was studied when char was used as supplement for improving performance. The use of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was proposed for assessing the organic matter degradation. The assessment on biogas production was carried out using samples of swine manure (SM) supplemented with char in one case and pre-treated by microwave irradiation in the other. This experimental set-up allows for the comparison of the biological degradation observed under these two different configurations and therefore aids in understanding the effect of char particles on the process. Results showed similar performance for both systems, with an average improvement of 39% being obtained in methane production when compared to the single digestion of SM. The analysis of digestate samples by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Py-GC/MS showed improved degradation of proteins, with the Py-GC/MS technique also capable of identifying an increase in microbial-derived material when char was added, therefore highlighting the relevant role of carbon conductive particles on biological systems. Py-GC/MS along with the use of FTIR spectroscopy has proven to be useful tools when evaluating anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomar Gómez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Avda. de Portugal 41, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - William Meredith
- Faculty of Engineering, The Energy Technologies Building, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Camino Fernández
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Avda. de Portugal 41, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Mario Sánchez-García
- Research Institute of Vine and Wine (IIVV), University of León, Avda. de Portugal 41, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Rebeca Díez-Antolínez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Avda. de Portugal 41, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Jorge Garzón-Santos
- Research Institute of Vine and Wine (IIVV), University of León, Avda. de Portugal 41, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Collin E Snape
- Faculty of Engineering, The Energy Technologies Building, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
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Cuetos MJ, Martinez EJ, Moreno R, Gonzalez R, Otero M, Gomez X. Enhancing anaerobic digestion of poultry blood using activated carbon. J Adv Res 2017; 8:297-307. [PMID: 28462003 PMCID: PMC5403941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of using anaerobic digestion for the treatment of poultry blood has been evaluated in batch assays at the laboratory scale and in a mesophilic semi-continuous reactor. The biodegradability test performed on residual poultry blood was carried out in spite of high inhibitory levels of acid intermediaries. The use of activated carbon as a way to prevent inhibitory conditions demonstrated the feasibility of attaining anaerobic digestion under extreme ammonium and acid conditions. Batch assays with higher carbon content presented higher methane production rates, although the difference in the final cumulative biogas production was not as sharp. The digestion of residual blood was also studied under semi-continuous operation using granular and powdered activated carbon. The average specific methane production was 216 ± 12 mL CH4/g VS. This result was obtained in spite of a strong volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation, reaching values around 6 g/L, along with high ammonium concentrations (in the range of 6-8 g/L). The use of powdered activated carbon resulted in a better assimilation of C3-C5 acid forms, indicating that an enhancement in syntrophic metabolism may have taken place. Thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied as analytical tools for measuring the presence of organic material in the final digestate and evidencing modifications on the carbon surface. The addition of activated carbon for the digestion of residual blood highly improved the digestion process. The adsorption capacity of ammonium, the protection this carrier may offer by limiting mass transfer of toxic compounds, and its capacity to act as a conductive material may explain the successful digestion of residual blood as the sole substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Cuetos
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Avda Portugal 41, 24071 León 24009, Spain
| | - E. Judith Martinez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Avda Portugal 41, 24071 León 24009, Spain
| | - Rubén Moreno
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Avda Portugal 41, 24071 León 24009, Spain
| | - Rubén Gonzalez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Avda Portugal 41, 24071 León 24009, Spain
| | - Marta Otero
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, IMARENABIO, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Xiomar Gomez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Avda Portugal 41, 24071 León 24009, Spain
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Ruiz-Gómez N, Quispe V, Ábrego J, Atienza-Martínez M, Murillo MB, Gea G. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 59:211-221. [PMID: 27843025 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The management and valorization of residual organic matter, such as sewage sludge and manure, is gaining interest because of the increasing volume of these residues, their localized generation and the related problems. The anaerobic digestion of mixtures of sewage sludge and manure could be performed due to the similarities between both residues. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) and digested manure (DM) as a potential management technology for these residues. Pyrolysis of a sewage sludge/manure blend (50:50%) was performed at 525°C in a stirred batch reactor under N2 atmosphere. The product yields and some characteristics of the product were analyzed and compared to the results obtained in the pyrolysis of pure residues. Potential synergetic and antagonist effects during the co-pyrolysis process were evaluated. Although sewage sludge and manure seem similar in nature, there are differences in their pyrolysis product properties and distribution due to their distinct ash and organic matter composition. For the co-pyrolysis of SS and DM, the product yields did not show noticeable synergistic effects with the exception of the yields of organic compounds, being slightly higher than the predicted average, and the H2 yield, being lower than expected. Co-pyrolysis of SS and DM could be a feasible management alternative for these residues in locations where both residues are generated, since the benefits and the drawbacks of the co-pyrolysis are similar to those of the pyrolysis of each residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ruiz-Gómez
- Thermochemical Processes Group (GPT), Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Violeta Quispe
- Thermochemical Processes Group (GPT), Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Javier Ábrego
- Thermochemical Processes Group (GPT), Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Atienza-Martínez
- Thermochemical Processes Group (GPT), Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Benita Murillo
- Thermochemical Processes Group (GPT), Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Gloria Gea
- Thermochemical Processes Group (GPT), Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad Zaragoza, Spain.
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Tamburini E, Castaldelli G, Ferrari G, Marchetti MG, Pedrini P, Aschonitis VG. Onsite and online FT-NIR spectroscopy for the estimation of total nitrogen and moisture content in poultry manure. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:2285-2294. [PMID: 25744206 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1026287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen and moisture of manure are highly variable parameters and depend on animal type, husbandry techniques, environmental conditions and storage time. The precision in manure dose estimation for crops fertilization depends on the total nitrogen and moisture content just before its incorporation in the field. The aim of the study is to develop a Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy method to determine the total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN%) and moisture (M%) of different types of poultry manure prior to land application. Samples covering a wide range of poultry types and different husbandry conditions were obtained from farms of North-Eastern Italy in order to develop the method. The method was calibrated (R(2) = 0.94 for TKN%, R(2) = 0.99 for M%) and validated (R(2) = 0.82 for TKN%, R(2) = 0.95 for M%) in the laboratory. An external validation was also performed in situ with independent samples, of similar origin to the previous data set, which were collected just before application in the field. Spectra acquisitions for these samples were carried out using the same instrumentation which was placed in a special vehicle for monitoring campaigns. The results showed satisfactory prediction accuracy (R(2) = 0.82 for TKN%, R(2) = 0.93 for M%). Finally, an additional analysis was performed to discriminate the different types of poultry effluents. The TKN and M measurements in the disposal areas indicated that current agronomic practices lead to more than double poultry manure oversupply. The proposed FT-NIR methodology aims to improve the current fertilization management and environmental protection by providing fast and precise estimations of poultry manure doses prior to land application.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tamburini
- a Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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12
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Fierro J, Martínez EJ, Morán A, Gómez X. Valorisation of used cooking oil sludge by codigestion with swine manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:1537-1545. [PMID: 24594254 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The addition of lipid wastes to the digestion of swine manure was studied as a means of increasing biogas production. Lipid waste was obtained from a biodiesel plant where used cooking oil is the feedstock. Digestion of this co-substrate was proposed as a way of valorising residual streams from the process of biodiesel production and to integrate the digestion process into the biorefinery concept. Batch digestion tests were performed at different co-digesting proportions obtaining as a result an increase in biogas production with the increase in the amount of co-substrate added to the mixture. Semi-continuous digestion was studied at a 7% (w/w) mass fraction of total solids. Co-digestion was successful at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 50 d but a decrease to 30 d resulted in a decrease in specific gas production and accumulation of volatile and long chain fatty acids. The CH4 yield obtained was 326 ± 46 l/kg VSfeed at an HRT of 50 d, while this value was reduced to 274 ± 43 l/kg VSfeed when evaluated at an HRT of 30 d. However these values were higher than the one obtained under batch conditions (266 ± 40 l/kg VSfeed), thus indicating the need of acclimation to the co-substrate. Despite of operating at low organic loading rate (OLR), measurements from respirometry assays of digestate samples (at an HRT of 50 d) suggested that the effluent could not be directly applied to the soil as fertiliser and might have a negative effect over soil or crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fierro
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain
| | - E J Martínez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain
| | - A Morán
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain
| | - X Gómez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Department, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain.
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Li Y, Zhang R, He Y, Zhang C, Liu X, Chen C, Liu G. Anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and corn stover in batch and continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 156:342-347. [PMID: 24531118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and corn stover in batch and CSTR were investigated. The batch co-digestion tests were performed at an initial volatile solid (VS) concentration of 3gVS/L, carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 20, and retention time of 30d. The methane yield was determined to be 281±12mL/gVSadded. Continuous reactor was carried out with feeding concentration of 12% total solids and C/N ratio of 20 at organic loading rates (OLRs) of 1-4gVS/L/d. Results showed that at OLR of 4gVS/L/d, stable and preferable methane yield of 223±7mL/gVSadded was found, which was equal to energy yield (EY) of 8.0±0.3MJ/kgVSadded. Post-digestion of digestate gave extra EY of 1.5-2.6MJ/kgVSadded. Pyrolysis of digestate provided additional EY of 6.1MJ/kgVSadded. Pyrolysis can be a promising technique to reduce biogas residues and to produce valuable gas products simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Li
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Yanfeng He
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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