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Jiang Z, He Y, Zeng M, Zhang Y, Xu X, Zhang M. Revealing critical functional enzymes in anammox nitrogen removal and rate-limiting step in catalytic pathways: Insight into metaproteomics and density functional theory. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131090. [PMID: 38986880 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
To reveal the key enzymes in the nitrogen removal pathway and to further elucidate the mechanism of the catalytic reaction, this study utilized metaproteomics combined with molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculation. K. stuttgartiensis provided the proteins up to 88.37 % in the anammox-based system. Hydrazine synthase (HZS) and hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH) accounted for 15.94 % and 3.45 % of the total proteins expressed by K. stuttgartiensis, thus were considered as critical enzymes in the nitrogen removal pathway. The process of HZSγ binding to NO with lowest binding free energy of -4.91 ± 1.33 kJ/mol. The reaction catalyzed by HZSα was calculated to be the rate-limiting catalyzing step, because it transferred the proton from NH3 to ·OH by crossing an energy barrier of up to 190.29 kJ/mol. This study provided molecular level insights to enhance the performance of nitrogen removal in anammox-based system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jiang
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhang He
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yinqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Yuan Q, Lou Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Li X, Zhang X, Qian L, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Effect of long-term dosage of hydrazine on mainstream anammox process: Biofilm characteristics and microbial community. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142968. [PMID: 39074665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The impact of the long-term trace hydrazine (N2H4) exogenous supplementation on activity of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biofilm was investigated in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for mainstream wastewater treatment. The results of this study demonstrated that the addition of 2-5 mg/L N2H4 enhanced anammox biofilm activity, as evidenced by the augmented nitrogen removal rate (NRR), which increased from 113.4 g/(m3·d) to 126.7 g/(m3·d) with the introduction of 2 mg/L N2H4. However, a higher concentration of N2H4 (10 mg/L) suppressed anammox activity, leading to a reduced NRR of 91.5 g/(m3·d). Bioindicators revealed that the long-term addition of 2 mg/L N2H4 fostered the accumulation of anammox bacteria (AnAOB) biomass, elevating the volatile suspended solids (VSS) content by 12%. Moreover, the structural composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) within the biofilm was altered, resulting in enhanced biofilm strength within the reactor. The protective mechanism of the biofilm was activated, and EPS secretion was stimulated by the continuous N2H4 supplementation. The introduction of an excess dosage of N2H4 led to alterations in the microbial communities, ultimately resulting in a decline in the performance of the reactor. These findings collectively illustrate that N2H4, as an intermediate product, can effectively enhance anammox activity within the MBBR for mainstream wastewater treatment. This study contributes to the understanding of the optimization strategies for anammox processes in wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yuqing Lou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Song Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Thunip Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xueting Li
- Thunip Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Liang Qian
- Thunip Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yingxue Sun
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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3
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Sari T, Akgul D, Mertoglu B. Enhancement of hydrazine accumulation in anammox bioreactors. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142293. [PMID: 38723689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The role of hydrazine (N2H4) in anammox metabolism has been widely studied; however, studies on N2H4 biosynthesis by anammox bacteria are limited in the literature. In this context, the current research aims to investigate the enhancement of biological N2H4 production in the anammox process in a long-term manner. The experimental studies started with the optimization of the operating conditions to achieve maximum N2H4 accumulation. Under favorable conditions (pH = 8.97 ± 0.08; T = 35.5 ± 0.5 °C; initial hydroxylamine dose = 1.46 ± 0.01 mM), 17.16 ± 0.64 mg L-1 of N2H4 accumulated in the batch systems. The continuity of N2H4 bioproduction was then evaluated by long-term observations. A continuous flow bioreactor was operated in four consecutive manipulated periods under optimized conditions. In the long-term operated bioreactor, 55.10 ± 0.30 mg L-1 N2H4 was accumulated at optimal conditions, which was 2.5 times higher than reported in the literature. Although manipulation of the bioreactor operating conditions initially resulted in a significant increase in N2H4 bioaccumulation, it subsequently caused a severe deterioration in anammox activity. However, this could be mitigated by increasing the biomass concentration in the anammox systems. In addition, the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia decreased by 1.88% throughout the long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Sari
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Goztepe, 34722, Turkey
| | - Deniz Akgul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Goztepe, 34722, Turkey.
| | - Bulent Mertoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Goztepe, 34722, Turkey
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4
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Wang S, Tian Y, Bi Y, Meng F, Qiu C, Yu J, Liu L, Zhao Y. Recovery strategies and mechanisms of anammox reaction following inhibition by environmental factors: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118824. [PMID: 38588911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising biological method for treating nitrogen-rich, low-carbon wastewater. However, the application of anammox technology in actual engineering is easily limited by environmental factors. Considerable progress has been investigated in recent years in anammox restoration strategies, significantly addressing the challenge of poor reaction performance following inhibition. This review systematically outlines the strategies employed to recover anammox performance following inhibition by conventional environmental factors and emerging pollutants. Additionally, comprehensive summaries of strategies aimed at promoting anammox activity and enhancing nitrogen removal performance provide valuable insights into the current research landscape in this field. The review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of restoration strategies of anammox-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopo Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmeng Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Fansheng Meng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunsheng Qiu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjie Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingjie Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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5
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Ma X, Feng ZT, Zhou JM, Sun YJ, Zhang QQ. Regulation mechanism of hydrazine and hydroxylamine in nitrogen removal processes: A Comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140670. [PMID: 37951396 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
As the new fashioned nitrogen removal process, short-cut nitrification and denitrification (SHARON) process, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A) process and partial denitrification and anammox (PD/A) process entered into the public eye due to its advantages of high nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) and low energy consumption. However, the above process also be limited by long-term start-up time, unstable operation, complicated process regulation and so on. As intermediates or by-metabolites of functional microorganisms in above processes, hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and hydrazine (N2H4) improved NRE of the above processes by promoting functional enzyme activity, accelerating electron transport efficiency and regulating distribution of microbial communities. Therefore, this review discussed effects of NH2OH and N2H4 on stability and NRE of above processes, analyzed regulatory mechanism from functional enzyme activity, electron transport efficiency and microbial community distribution. Finally, the challenges and limitations for nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) produced from regulation of NH2OH and N2H4 are discussed. In additional, perspectives on future trends in technology development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ze-Tong Feng
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ying-Jun Sun
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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6
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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Niu J, Zhao T, Bai X, Hussain A, Li YY. Insights into heavy metals shock on anammox systems: Cell structure-based mechanisms and new challenges. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 239:120031. [PMID: 37172374 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) as a low-carbon and energy-saving technology, has shown unique advantages in the treatment of high ammonia wastewater. However, wastewater usually contains complex heavy metals (HMs), which pose a potential risk to the stable operation of the anammox system. This review systematically re-evaluates the HMs toxicity level from the inhibition effects and the inhibition recovery process, which can provide a new reference for engineering. From the perspective of anammox cell structure (extracellular, anammoxosome membrane, anammoxosome), the mechanism of HMs effects on cellular substances and metabolism is expounded. Furthermore, the challenges and research gaps for HMs inhibition in anammox research are also discussed. The clarification of material flow, energy flow and community succession under HMs shock will help further reveal the inhibition mechanism. The development of new recovery strategies such as bio-accelerators and bio-augmentation is conductive to breaking through the engineered limitations of HMs on anammox. This review provides a new perspective on the recognition of toxicity and mechanism of HMs in the anammox process, as well as the promotion of engineering applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yinuo Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiaojiao Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tianyang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinhao Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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7
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Zhang QQ, Liu N, Liu JZ, Yu Y, Fu WJ, Zhao JQ, Jin RC. Decoding the response of complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) performance and microbial succession to hydrazine and hydroxylamine: Linking performance to mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127948. [PMID: 36108938 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of hydrazine (N2H4) and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) on performance and microbial community structures of complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process were assessed in this study. Experimental results demonstrated that CANON process was successfully started up and got total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) of 53.6 % ± 9.8 % and 56.4 % ± 6.5 % under 1.0 and 0.5 mg L-1 N2H4 and NH2OH, respectively. N2H4 and NH2OH promoted activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB), and inhibited activity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Meanwhile, the stable operation of CANON process could be maintained without N2H4 auxiliary. While, performance assisted by NH2OH was fluctuated without NH2OH addition, suggesting that both N2H4 and NH2OH had a persistent and reversible inhibition on NOB. This study reveals new insights into influence of N2H4 and NH2OH on CANON performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jin-Ze Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wen-Jing Fu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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8
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Xiang T, Liang H, Gao D. Effect of exogenous hydrazine on metabolic process of anammox bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115398. [PMID: 35751243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of N2H4 (hydrazine) on AnAOB (anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria) metabolic pattern is unknown. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper was to explore the effects of exogenous N2H4 on the SAA (specific anammox activity), characteristics and metabolic pathway of AnAOB. The results showed that low N2H4 concentration (1-5 mg/L) continuous dosing can promote SAA. The promoting effect was found to be more obvious within the dosage of 3-5 mg/L N2H4. It was also indicated that high N2H4 concentration dosing (5-10 mg/L) can trigger the self-protection mechanism of AnAOB granular sludge by secreting a large amount of B-PN (binding polymeric protein). Intermittent addition of N2H4 at low concentration is conducive to the long-term stable operation of anammox process. Exogenous N2H4 can be directly oxidized by AnAOB to promote the consumption of NO2--N and NH4+-N. In addition, excess electrons can also drive the process of NO3--N reduction and NO2--N disproportionation. Theoretically, these reaction processes need two and ten extra electrons respectively, which is not easy to occur compared with the anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
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9
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Venturin B, Rodrigues HC, Bonassa G, Hollas CE, Bolsan AC, Antes FG, De Prá MC, Fongaro G, Treichel H, Kunz A. Key enzymes involved in anammox-based processes for wastewater treatment: An applied overview. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10780. [PMID: 36058650 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has attracted significant attention as an economic, robustness, and sustainable method for the treatment of nitrogen (N)-rich wastewater. Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) coexist with other microorganisms, and particularly with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and/or heterotrophic bacteria (HB), in symbiosis in favor of the substrate requirement (ammonium and nitrite) of the AnAOB being supplied by these other organisms. The dynamics of these microbial communities have a significant effect on the N-removal performance, but the corresponding metabolic pathways are still not fully understood. These processes involve many common metabolites that may act as key factors to control the symbiotic interactions between these organisms, to maximize N-removal efficiency from wastewater. Therefore, this work overviews the current state of knowledge about the metabolism of these microorganisms including key enzymes and intermediate metabolites and summarizes already reported experiences based on the employment of certain metabolites for the improvement of N-removal using anammox-based processes. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Approaches knowledge about the biochemistry and metabolic pathways involved in anammox-based processes. Some molecular tools can be used to determine enzymatic activity, serving as an optimization in nitrogen removal processes. Enzymatic evaluation allied to the physical-chemical and biomolecular analysis of the nitrogen removal processes expands the application in different effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Venturin
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Bonassa
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Airton Kunz
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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10
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Zhang Q, Lin JG, Kong Z, Zhang Y. A critical review of exogenous additives for improving the anammox process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155074. [PMID: 35398420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anammox achieves chemoautotrophic nitrogen removal under anaerobic and anoxic conditions and is a low-carbon wastewater biological nitrogen removal process with broad application potential. However, the physiological limitations of AnAOB often cause problems in engineering applications, such as a long start-up time, unstable operation, easily inhibited reactions, and difficulty in long-term strain preservation. Exogenous additives have been considered an alternative strategy to address these issues by retaining microbes, shortening the doubling time of AnAOB and improving functional enzyme activity. This paper reviews the role of carriers, biochar, intermediates, metal ions, reaction substrates, redox buffers, cryoprotectants and organics in optimizing anammox. The pathways and mechanisms of exogenous additives, which are explored to solve problems, are systematically summarized and analyzed in this article according to operational performance, functional enzyme activity, and microbial abundance to provide helpful information for the engineering application of anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jih-Gaw Lin
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Zhe Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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11
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Zhao J, Lei S, Cheng G, Zhang J, Shi B, Xie S, Zhao J. Comparison of inhibitory roles on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria by hydroxylamine and hydrazine during the establishment of partial nitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127271. [PMID: 35526711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory roles of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and hydrazine (N2H4) on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were investigated in a comparative study. The results showed that nitrite accumulation was achieved by adding 5 mg-N/L NH2OH or N2H4 to two parallel sequencing batch reactors, with nitrite accumulation rate reaching 95.83% and 86.58% within 15 days after adopting aeration time control, respectively. Correspondingly, the maximum level of NO in typical cycles caused by NH2OH addition was 0.18 mg-N/L, which was higher than obtained for N2H4. NH2OH or N2H4 showed strong inhibition on Nitrospira and promoted the enrichment of Nitrosomonas, with the effects of NH2OH being more significant. However, nitritation began to deteriorate after the cessation of inhibitors addition. In conclusion, NH2OH was a better inhibitor than N2H4 for Nitrospira. The inhibitory role of NH2OH was primarily related to NO toxicity, while for N2H4 it was attributed to its own toxicity, with NO playing a smaller role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Zhao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region (Chang'an University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhan Lei
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangwei Cheng
- Sinochem Quanzhou Petrochemical Co. LTD., Sinochem Holding Co. LTD., Quanhui Petrochemical Park 263000, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingfeng Shi
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuting Xie
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region (Chang'an University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Start-Up of Anammox SBR from Non-Specific Inoculum and Process Acceleration Methods by Hydrazine. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biological nutrient removal from wastewater to reach acceptable levels is needed to protect water resources and avoid eutrophication. The start-up of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from scratch was investigated in a 20 L sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at 30 ± 0.5 °C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2–3 days. The use of NH4Cl, NaNO2, and reject water as nitrogen sources created different salinity periods, in which the anammox process performance was assessed: low (<0.2 g of Cl−/L), high (18.2 g of Cl−/L), or optimum salinity (0.5–2 g of Cl−/L). Reject water feeding gave the optimum salinity, with an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 80%, and a TNRR of 0.08 kg N/m3/d being achieved after 193 days. The main aim was to show the effect of a hydrazine addition on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and denitrification activity in the start-up process to boost the autotrophic nitrogen removal from scratch. The effect of the anammox intermediate hydrazine addition was tested to assess its concentration effect (range of 2–12.5 mg of N2H4/L) on diminishing denitrifier activity and accelerating anammox activity at the same time. Heterotrophic denitrifiers’ activity was diminished by all hydrazine additions compared to the control; 5 mg of N2H4/L added enhanced SAA compared to the control, achieving an SAA of 0.72 (±0.01) mg N/g MLSS/h, while the test with 7.5 mg of N2H4/L reached the highest overall SAA of 0.98 (±0.09) mg N g/MLSS/h. The addition of trace amounts of hydrazine for 6 h was also able to enhance SAA after inhibition by organic carbon source sodium acetate addition at a high C/N ratio of 10/1. The start-up of anammox bacteria from the aerobic–anaerobic suspended biomass was successful, with hydrazine significantly accelerating anammox activity and decreasing denitrifier activity, making the method applicable for side-stream as well as mainstream treatment.
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13
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Zhou YY, Shao WL, Liu YD, Li X, Shan XY, Jin XB, Gao J, Li W. Genome-based analysis to understanding rapid resuscitation of cryopreserved anammox consortia via sequential supernatant addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140785. [PMID: 32707413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Simple cryopreservation of anaerobic ammonium-oxidation (anammox) consortia has become a promising preservation technology for the fast start-up of the anammox process. Here, we use genome-resolved metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to understand of the microbial interaction in a simple and effective resuscitation process for long-term cryopreserved anammox consortia by sequential addition of anammox SBR supernatant. Performance results showed that sequential addition of anammox supernatant significantly reduced the resuscitation time of the granule-based anammox process from 40 to 20 days. Genome-centric metagenomics were used to recover 19 high-quality draft genomes of anammox and heterotrophic bacteria. Comparative metatranscriptomic analysis was conducted to examine the gene expression of Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis, the dominant anammox bacterium, and heterotrophic bacteria to better understand their potential interactions. Proteobacteria-affiliated bacteria found in the supernatant were highly active in producing the secondary metabolites molybdopterin cofactor and folate which are needed for growth of the auxotrophic anammox bacteria. In addition, the significantly higher expression levels of hzsA and CO2-fixtion genes in the Candidatus Kuenenia genome indicated the anammox bacteria were likely more active and growing faster after sequential anammox supernatant addition during the resuscitation process. The resuscitation treatment pulse assays confirmed that sequential addition of supernatant was an effective way for the rapid resuscitation of anammox consortia. Our findings offer the first evidence of cross-feeding during the rapid resuscitation of cryopreserved anammox consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Li Shao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-di Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Shan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Xin-Bai Jin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Xiao P, Ai S, Zhou J, Luo X, Kang B, Feng L, Zhao T. N 2O profiles in the enhanced CANON process via long-term N 2H 4 addition: minimized N 2O production and the influence of exogenous N 2H 4 on N 2O sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37188-37198. [PMID: 31748991 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) from the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is of growing concern. In this study, the effect of added hydrazine (N2H4) on N2O production during the CANON process was investigated. Long-term trace N2H4 addition minimized N2O production (0.018% ± 0.013% per unit total nitrogen removed) and maintaining high nitrogen removal capacity of CANON process (nitrogen removal rate and TN removal efficiency was 450 ± 60 mg N/L/day and 71 ± 8%, respectively). Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was the main N2O producer. AOB activity inhibition by N2H4 decreased N2O production during aeration, and the N2H4 concentration was negatively correlated with N2O production rate in NH4+ oxidation via AOB, whereas N2O production was facilitated under anaerobic conditions because hydroxylamine (NH2OH) production was accelerated due to anammox bacteria (AnAOB) activity strengthen via N2H4. Added N2H4 completely degraded in the initial aeration phases of the CANON SBR, during which some N2H4 intensified anammox for total nitrogen removal to eliminate N2O production from nitrifier denitrification (ND) by anammox-associated, while the remaining N2H4 competed with NH2OH for hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) in AOB to inhibit intermediates formation that result in N2O production via NH2OH oxidation (HO) pathway, consequently decreasing total N2O production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengying Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuo Ai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowen Kang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- Chongqing Academy of Environmental Science, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Soler-Jofra A, Laureni M, Warmerdam M, Pérez J, van Loosdrecht MCM. Hydroxylamine metabolism of Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116188. [PMID: 32739592 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylamine is a key intermediate in several biological reactions of the global nitrogen cycle. However, the role of hydroxylamine in anammox is still not fully understood. In this work, the impact of hydroxylamine (also in combination with other substrates) on the metabolism of a planktonic enrichment culture of the anammox species Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was studied. Anammox bacteria were observed to produce ammonium both from hydroxylamine and hydrazine, and hydroxylamine was consumed simultaneously with nitrite. Hydrazine accumulation - signature for the presence of anammox bacteria - strongly depended on the available substrates, being higher with ammonium and lower with nitrite. Furthermore, the results presented here indicate that hydrazine accumulation is not the result of the inhibition of hydrazine dehydrogenase, as commonly assumed, but the product of hydroxylamine disproportionation. All kinetic parameters for the identified reactions were estimated by mathematical modelling. Moreover, the simultaneous consumption and growth on ammonium, nitrite and hydroxylamine of anammox bacteria was demonstrated, this was accompanied by a reduction in the nitrate production. Ultimately, this study advances the fundamental understanding of the metabolic versatility of anammox bacteria, and highlights the potential role played by metabolic intermediates (i.e. hydroxylamine, hydrazine) in shaping natural and engineered microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Soler-Jofra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Michele Laureni
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Warmerdam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Julio Pérez
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands
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16
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Xiang T, Gao D. Comparing two hydrazine addition strategies to stabilize mainstream deammonification: Performance and microbial community analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121710. [PMID: 31279319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an expanded granular sludge blanket reactor (EGSB) was proposed to achieve stable mainstream deammonification process by adding hydrazine (N2H4). Two N2H4 addition methods consisted of constant concentration (strategy A) and variable concentration (strategy B) both can inhibit nitrite oxidizing bacteria. A efficient performance was achieved with higher total nitrogen removal efficiency (82 ± 6%) and nitrogen removal rate (0.32 ± 0.02 kg N/(m3·d)) under strategy B. For strategy A, anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) in-situ activity was decreased from 2.76 to 0.68 mg N/(g VSS·h) at 42 mg/L NH4+-N. Candidatus Brocadia abundance increase from 14.62% to 20.07% under the strategy may indicated the self-regulate mechanism of AnAOB. Aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB, mainly Nitrosomonas) and AnAOB (mainly Candidatus Brocadia) were always dominated under two strategies. Strategy B provided better environment for most microorganisms (mainly Chloroflexri, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria and Chlorobi).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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17
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18
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Ganesan S, Vadivelu VM. Effect of external hydrazine addition on anammox reactor start-up time. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:668-674. [PMID: 30802832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine is an intermediate product of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process where both ammonium and nitrite in wastewater are converted to nitrogen gas by bacteria. In this study the effect of external hydrazine addition (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L) on the start-up period of the Anammox process was studied using sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The SBR with an addition of 10 mg/L hydrazine took only 7 weeks to stabilize and achieve the maximum removal of ammonium and nitrite, whereas the SBR without the addition of hydrazine took 12 weeks. The amount of Heme C extracted from the biomass indicated that externally added hydrazine accelerated the growth of Anammox bacteria and reduced the release of nitrous oxide gas from the reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivarajah Ganesan
- School of Chemical Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vel Murugan Vadivelu
- School of Chemical Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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19
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Ya-Juan X, Jun-Yuan J, Ping Z, Lan W, Abbas G, Zhang J, Ru W, Zhan-Fei H. The effect and biological mechanism of granular sludge size on performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal system. Biodegradation 2018; 29:339-347. [PMID: 29855740 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The autotrophic process for nitrogen removal has attracted worldwide attention in the field of wastewater treatment, and the performance of this process is greatly influenced by the size of granular sludge particles present in the system. In this work, the granular sludge was divided into three groups, i.e. large size (> 1.2 mm), medium size (0.6-1.2 mm) and small size (< 0.6 mm). The medium granular sludge was observed to dominate at high volumetric nitrogen loading rates, while offering strong support for good performance. Its indispensable contribution was found to originate from improved settling velocity (0.84 ± 0.10 cm/s), high SOUR-A (specific oxygen uptake rate for ammonia oxidizing bacteria, 25.93 mg O2/g MLVSS/h), low SOUR-N (specific oxygen uptake rate for nitrite oxidizing bacteria, 3.39 mg O2/g MLVSS/h), and a reasonable microbial spatial distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ya-Juan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Ji Jun-Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Zheng Ping
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Wang Lan
- Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Resources and Environment Department, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Wang Ru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - He Zhan-Fei
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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20
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Yue X, Yu G, Liu Z, Lu Y, Li Q. Start-up of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process with a submerged aerated biological filter and the effect of inorganic carbon on nitrogen removal and microbial activity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:347-352. [PMID: 29395740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Good start-up and performance are essential for the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, and inorganic carbon (IC) is also important for this process. In this study, a lab-scale submerged aerated biological filter (SABF) was adopted for the CANON process. A 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the phyla Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were the dominant microorganisms and that the genus Candidatus Brocadia functioned as the nitrogen remover. The effect of IC on the nitrogen removal was analyzed. The results showed that the optimum concentration ratio of IC to nitrogen (IC/N) was 1.2, which produced the highest average ammonium nitrogen removal rate (ANR) and total nitrogen removal rate (TNR) values of 95.5% and 80.3%, respectively. The average AOB and AnAOB activities were 2.45 mg·L-1·h-1 and 3.57 mg·L-1·h-1, respectively. This research could promote the nitrogen removal ability of the CANON process with a SABF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yue
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Guangping Yu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhuhan Liu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yuqian Lu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Qianhua Li
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
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21
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Wang X, Gao D. The transformation from anammox granules to deammonification granules in micro-aerobic system by facilitating indigenous ammonia oxidizing bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:439-448. [PMID: 29195156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Granular deammonification process is a good way to retain aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB and anammox bacteria) and exhaust flocculent nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). In this study, to facilitate indigenous AOB growth on anammox granules, by stepwise reducing influent nitrite, anammox granules were effectively transformed into deammonification granules in a micro-aerobic EGSB in 100 days. Total nitrogen removal efficiency of 90% and nitrogen removal rate of 2.3 g N/L/d were reached at stable deammonification stage. High influent FA and limited oxygen supply contributed suppression for Nitrospira-like NOB. In transition stages, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were always dominated. Anammox abundance decreased, while AOB abundance grew fast. Anammox bacteria and AOB were dominated by Brocadia fulgida and Nitrosomonas europaea, respectively. Denitrification activity and bacteria existed although without influent organic. The final AOB abundance was about 4.55-13.8 times more than anammox bacteria abundance, with almost equal potential activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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22
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Yao Z, Lu P, Zhang D, Wan X, Li Y, Peng S. Stoichiometry and kinetics of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) with trace hydrazine addition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:70-76. [PMID: 26364230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of this study is to investigate the stoichiometry and kinetics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) with trace hydrazine addition. The stoichiometry was established based on the electron balance of Anammox process with trace N2H4 addition. The stoichiometric coefficients were determined by the proton consumption and the changes in substrates and products. It was found that trace N2H4 addition can increase the yield of Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) and reduce NO3(-) yield, which enhances the Anammox. Subsequently, kinetic model of Anammox with trace N2H4 addition was developed, and the parameters of the anaerobic degradation model of N2H4 were obtained for the first time. The maximum specific substrate utilization rate, half-saturation constant and inhibition constant of N2H4 were 25.09mgN/g VSS/d, 10.42mgN/L and 1393.88mgN/L, respectively. These kinetic parameters might provide important information for the engineering applications of Anammox with trace N2H4 addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Yao
- Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Peili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Daijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wan
- Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yulian Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Shuchan Peng
- Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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23
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Morales N, Val Del Río Á, Vázquez-Padín JR, Méndez R, Mosquera-Corral A, Campos JL. Integration of the Anammox process to the rejection water and main stream lines of WWTPs. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 140:99-105. [PMID: 25890586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays the application of Anammox based processes in the wastewater treatment plants has given a step forward. The new goal consists of removing the nitrogen present in the main stream of the WWTPs to improve their energetic efficiencies. This new approach aims to remove not only the nitrogen but also to provide a better use of the energy contained in the organic matter. The organic matter will be removed either by an anaerobic psychrophilic membrane reactor or an aerobic stage operated at low solids retention time followed by an anaerobic digestion of the generated sludge. Then ammonia coming from these units will be removed in an Anammox based process in a single unit system. The second strategy provides the best results in terms of operational costs and would allow reductions of about 28%. Recent research works performed on Anammox based processes and operated at relatively low temperatures and/or low ammonia concentrations were carried out in single-stage systems using biofilms, granules or a mixture of flocculent nitrifying and granular Anammox biomasses. These systems allowed the appropriated retention of Anammox and ammonia oxidizing bacteria but also the proliferation of nitrite oxidizing bacteria which seems to be the main drawback to achieve the required effluent quality for disposal. Therefore, prior to the implementation of the Anammox based processes at full scale to the water line, a reliable strategy to avoid nitrite oxidation should be defined in order to maintain the process stability and to obtain the desired effluent quality. If not, the application of a post-denitrification step should be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; FCC Aqualia, Guillarei WWTP, Camino de la Veiga s/n, E-36720 Tui, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Val Del Río
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | | | - Ramón Méndez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Anuska Mosquera-Corral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - José Luis Campos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Faculty of Engineering and Science, University Adolfo Ibáñez, Avda Padre Hurtado 750, Viña del Mar, Chile.
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24
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Xiao P, Lu P, Zhang D, Han X, Yang Q. Effect of trace hydrazine addition on the functional bacterial community of a sequencing batch reactor performing completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 175:216-223. [PMID: 25459825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was conducted to perform completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON). The effect of long-term trace N2H4 addition on ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic AOB (AnAOB) in the CANON system was investigated. AOB and AnAOB primarily related to Nitrosococcus, Nitrosomonas and Candidatus scalindua, respectively. Before and after trace N2H4 addition, the estimates of AOB population decreased from 1.03×10(7) to 6.25×10(4)copies/g (dry sludge), but that of AnAOB increased from 3.14×10(9) to 5.86×10(10)copies/g (dry sludge). Despite there was a partially negative impact on AOB growth, the trace N2H4 addition exerted a stronger inhibition on nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and promoted AnAOB growth, which improved the nitrogen removal of the CANON system. Sludge granules enriched under long-term trace N2H4 addition were spherical and ellipsoidal, and the aerobic AOB were mainly located on the outer layers while AnAOB occupied most of the interior parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengying Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Peili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinkuan Han
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
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Zekker I, Rikmann E, Tenno T, Kroon K, Seiman A, Loorits L, Fritze H, Tuomivirta T, Vabamäe P, Raudkivi M, Mandel A, Tenno T. Start-up of low-temperature anammox in UASB from mesophilic yeast factory anaerobic tank inoculum. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:214-225. [PMID: 25413116 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.941946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Robust start-up of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from non-anammox-specific seeding material was achieved by using an inoculation with sludge-treating industrial [Formula: see text]-, organics- and N-rich yeast factory wastewater. N-rich reject water was treated at 20°C, which is significantly lower than optimum treatment temperature. Increasing the frequency of biomass fluidization (from 1-2 times per day to 4-5 times per day) through feeding the reactor with higher flow rate resulted in an improved total nitrogen removal rate (from 100 to 500 g m(-3)d(-1)) and increased anammox bacteria activity. As a result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, uncultured planctomycetes clone 07260064(4)-2-M13-_A01 (GenBank: JX852965) was identified from the biomass taken from the reactor. The presence of anammox bacteria after cultivation in the reactor was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR); an increase in quantity up to ∼2×10(6) copies g VSS(-1) during operation could be seen in qPCR. Statistical modelling of chemical parameters revealed the roles of several optimized parameters needed for a stable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Zekker
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , 14a Ravila Rd., Tartu 50411 , Estonia
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26
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Han Y, Zhang X. Start-up and bacterial communities of single-stage nitrogen removal using anammox and partial nitritation (SNAP) for treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:652-657. [PMID: 25105271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a lab-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) was used to start up the single-stage nitrogen removal system using anammox and partial nitritation (SNAP) process seeding from surplus activated sludge. The volumetric nitrogen loading rate (vNLR) was firstly 0.075 kg N m(-3) d(-1) and then gradually increased to 0.60 kg N m(-3) d(-1). A maximal total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of 0.54 kg N m(-3) d(-1) was achieved by the SNAP process after 132 days operation with NH4(+)-N and TN removal efficiency of 99.4% and 90.5%, respectively. This reactor may have applications for the SNAP process treating high strength ammonia wastewater. And dewatered surplus activated sludge was recommended as the seed sludge for engineering applications. The dominant bacterial strains were Xanthomonas campestris, Nitrosomonas europaea and Ignavibacterium album, corresponding to the percentage of 24%, 22% and 20%, respectively, based on the 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing of the SNAP sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Zhang
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Yi Han
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
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27
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Gao H, Scherson YD, Wells GF. Towards energy neutral wastewater treatment: methodology and state of the art. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:1223-46. [PMID: 24777396 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional biological wastewater treatment processes are energy-intensive endeavors that yield little or no recovered resources and often require significant external chemical inputs. However, with embedded energy in both organic carbon and nutrients (N, P), wastewater has the potential for substantial energy recovery from a low-value (or no-value) feedstock. A paradigm shift is thus now underway that is transforming our understanding of necessary energy inputs, and potential energy or resource outputs, from wastewater treatment, and energy neutral or even energy positive treatment is increasingly emphasized in practice. As two energy sources in domestic wastewater, we argue that the most suitable way to maximize energy recovery from wastewater treatment is to separate carbon and nutrient (particularly N) removal processes. Innovative anaerobic treatment technologies and bioelectrochemical processes are now being developed as high efficiency methods for energy recovery from waste COD. Recently, energy savings or even generation from N removal has become a hotspot of research and development activity, and nitritation-anammox, the newly developed CANDO process, and microalgae cultivation are considered promising techniques. In this paper, we critically review these five emerging low energy or energy positive bioprocesses for sustainable wastewater treatment, with a particular focus on energy optimization in management of nitrogenous oxygen demand. Taken together, these technologies are now charting a path towards to a new paradigm of resource and energy recovery from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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Alvarino T, Katsou E, Malamis S, Suarez S, Omil F, Fatone F. Inhibition of biomass activity in the via nitrite nitrogen removal processes by veterinary pharmaceuticals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:477-83. [PMID: 24333624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of two veterinary pharmaceuticals was studied for different types of biomass involved in via nitrite nitrogen removal processes. Batch tests were conducted to determine the inhibition level of acetaminophen (PAR) and doxycycline (DOX) on the activity of short-cut nitrifying, denitrifying and anoxic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biomass and phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). All biomass types were affected by PAR and DOX, with anammox being the most sensitive bacteria. DOX inhibited more the biomass treating high strength nitrogenous effluents (HSNE) than low strength nitrogenous effluents (LSNE). The phosphorus uptake inhibition under anoxic conditions was lower than 25% in the presence of PAR up to 400 mg L(-1). The same DOX concentration inhibited anoxic phosphorus uptake more than 65% for biomass treating LSNE and HSNE. Heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria seem to be more robust at high DOX and PAR concentrations than anammox. Both veterinary products inactivated ammonium oxidizing, Accumulibacter phosphatis and denitrifying bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Alvarino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Evina Katsou
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Simos Malamis
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Sonia Suarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco Omil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francesco Fatone
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
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29
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Zhang X, Li D, Liang Y, Zeng H, He Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Performance and microbial community of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in two membrane bioreactors (MBR) fed with different substrate levels. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:185-191. [PMID: 24291319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To study the influence of substrate on completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, two membrane bioreactors (MBR) with identical setup but fed with different substrate levels (R1 with low ammonia, R2 with high ammonia), were adopted in this study. The nitrogen removal performance, bioactivity, biodiversity and distribution of the functional microorganisms in two reactors were investigated. Both the aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) in R2 showed higher bioactivity than those in R1, while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) showed the contrary result. Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis were detected as predominant functional microbes in the two reactors while Nitrobacter only existed in R1. High influent ammonia possibly led to the higher biodiversity of AerAOB and the more densely packed distribution. Meanwhile, this study has demonstrated the feasibility of increasing ammonia for rapid start-up, and decreasing HRT for high-rate nitrogen removal in CANON process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yuhai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huiping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongping He
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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