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Pihlajaniemi V, Kallioinen A, Sipponen MH, Nyyssölä A. Modeling and optimization of polyethylene glycol (PEG) addition for cost-efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Sipponen MH, Österberg M. Aqueous Ammonia Pre-treatment of Wheat Straw: Process Optimization and Broad Spectrum Dye Adsorption on Nitrogen-Containing Lignin. Front Chem 2019; 7:545. [PMID: 31428603 PMCID: PMC6687769 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biorefineries need cost-efficient pretreatment processes that overcome the recalcitrance of plant biomass, while providing feasible valorization routes for lignin. Here we assessed aqueous ammonia for the separation of lignin from hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw prior to enzymatic saccharification. A combined severity parameter was used to determine the effects of ammonia concentration, treatment time and temperature on compositional and physicochemical changes [utilizing elemental analysis, cationic dye adsorption, FTIR spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy] as well as enzymatic hydrolysability of straw. Pretreatment at the highest severity (20% NH3, 160°C) led to the maximum hydrolysability of 71% in a 24 h reaction time at an enzyme dosage of 15 FPU/g of pretreated straw. In contrast, hydrolysabilities remained low regardless of the severity when a low cellulase dosage was used, indicating competitive adsorption of cellulases on nitrogen-containing lignin. In turn, our results showed efficient adsorption of cationic, anionic and uncharged organic dyes on nitrogen-containing lignin, which opens new opportunities in practical water remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Henrikki Sipponen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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3
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Lischeske JJ, Stickel JJ. A two-phase substrate model for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose: application to batch and continuous reactors. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:299. [PMID: 31890027 PMCID: PMC6933668 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymatic hydrolysis continues to have a significant projected production cost for the biological conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals, motivating research into improved enzyme and reactor technologies in order to reduce enzyme usage and equipment costs. However, technology development is stymied by a lack of accurate and computationally accessible enzymatic-hydrolysis reaction models. Enzymatic deconstruction of cellulosic materials is an exceedingly complex physico-chemical process. Models which elucidate specific mechanisms of deconstruction are often too computationally intensive to be accessible in process or multi-physics simulations, and empirical models are often too inflexible to be effectively applied outside of their batch contexts. In this paper, we employ a phenomenological modeling approach to represent rate slowdown due to substrate structure (implemented as two substrate phases) and feedback inhibition, and apply the model to a continuous reactor system. RESULTS A phenomenological model was developed in order to predict glucose and solids concentrations in batch and continuous enzymatic-hydrolysis reactors from which liquor is continuously removed by ultrafiltration. A series of batch experiments were performed, varying initial conditions (solids, enzyme, and sugar concentrations), and best-fit model parameters were determined using constrained nonlinear least-squares methods. The model achieved a good fit for overall sugar yield and insoluble solids concentration, as well as for the reduced rate of sugar production over time. Additionally, without refitting model coefficients, good quantitative agreement was observed between results from continuous enzymatic-hydrolysis experiments and model predictions. Finally, the sensitivity of the model to its parameters is explored and discussed. CONCLUSIONS Although the phenomena represented by the model correspond to behaviors that emerge from clusters of mechanisms, and hence a set of model coefficients are unique to the substrate and the enzyme system, the model is efficient to solve and may be applied to novel reactor schema and implemented in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Hence, this modeling approach finds the right balance between model complexity and computational efficiency. These capabilities have broad application to reactor design, scale-up, and process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Lischeske
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO USA
| | - Jonathan J. Stickel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO USA
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4
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Wang C, Su X, Sun W, Zhou S, Zheng J, Zhang M, Sun M, Xue J, Liu X, Xing J, Chen S. Efficient production of succinic acid from herbal extraction residue hydrolysate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:443-449. [PMID: 29935453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, six different herbal-extraction residues were evaluated for succinic acid production in terms of chemical composition before and after dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) and sugar release performance. Chemical composition showed that pretreated residues of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (GUR) and Morus alba L. (MAR) had the highest cellulose content, 50% and 52%, respectively. Higher concentrations of free sugars (71.6 g/L total sugar) and higher hydrolysis yield (92%) were both obtained under 40 FPU/g DM at 10% solid loading for GUR. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), GUR was found to show a less compact structure due to process of extraction. Specifically, the fibers in pretreated GUR were coarse and disordered compared with that of GUR indicated by SEM. Finally, 65 g/L succinic acid was produced with a higher yield of 0.89 g/g total sugar or 0.49 g/g GUR. Our results illustrate the potential of GUR for succinic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Xinyao Su
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, PR China; School of Life Science, Huai Bei Normal University, Huaibei 23500, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mengchu Sun
- School of Life Science, Huai Bei Normal University, Huaibei 23500, PR China
| | - Jianping Xue
- School of Life Science, Huai Bei Normal University, Huaibei 23500, PR China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianmin Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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5
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Dey P, Pal P, Kevin JD, Das DB. Lignocellulosic bioethanol production: prospects of emerging membrane technologies to improve the process – a critical review. REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To meet the worldwide rapid growth of industrialization and population, the demand for the production of bioethanol as an alternative green biofuel is gaining significant prominence. The bioethanol production process is still considered one of the largest energy-consuming processes and is challenging due to the limited effectiveness of conventional pretreatment processes, saccharification processes, and extreme use of electricity in common fermentation and purification processes. Thus, it became necessary to improve the bioethanol production process through reduced energy requirements. Membrane-based separation technologies have already gained attention due to their reduced energy requirements, investment in lower labor costs, lower space requirements, and wide flexibility in operations. For the selective conversion of biomasses to bioethanol, membrane bioreactors are specifically well suited. Advanced membrane-integrated processes can effectively contribute to different stages of bioethanol production processes, including enzymatic saccharification, concentrating feed solutions for fermentation, improving pretreatment processes, and finally purification processes. Advanced membrane-integrated simultaneous saccharification, filtration, and fermentation strategies consisting of ultrafiltration-based enzyme recycle system with nanofiltration-based high-density cell recycle fermentation system or the combination of high-density cell recycle fermentation system with membrane pervaporation or distillation can definitely contribute to the development of the most efficient and economically sustainable second-generation bioethanol production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Dey
- Department of Biotechnology , Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences , Karunya Nagar Coimbatore 641114 , India
| | - Parimal Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology , Durgapur , India
| | - Joseph Dilip Kevin
- Department of Biotechnology , Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences , Coimbatore , India
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of AACME , Loughborough University , Loughborough, Leicestershire , UK
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6
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Montella S, Ventorino V, Lombard V, Henrissat B, Pepe O, Faraco V. Discovery of genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzyme by metagenomic analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42623. [PMID: 28198423 PMCID: PMC5309792 DOI: 10.1038/srep42623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to discover novel biocatalysts for lignocellulose hydrolysis from three dedicated energy crops, Arundo donax, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus nigra, after natural biodegradation. The microbiomes of the three lignocellulosic biomasses were dominated by bacterial species (approximately 90%) with the highest representation by the Streptomyces genus both in the total microbial community composition and in the microbial diversity related to GH families of predicted ORFs. Moreover, the functional clustering of the predicted ORFs showed a prevalence of poorly characterized genes, suggesting these lignocellulosic biomasses are potential sources of as yet unknown genes. 1.2%, 0.6% and 3.4% of the total ORFs detected in A. donax, E. camaldulensis and P. nigra, respectively, were putative Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). Interestingly, the glycoside hydrolases abundance in P. nigra (1.8%) was higher than that detected in the other biomasses investigated in this study. Moreover, a high percentage of (hemi)cellulases with different activities and accessory enzymes (mannanases, polygalacturonases and feruloyl esterases) was detected, confirming that the three analyzed samples were a reservoir of diversified biocatalysts required for an effective lignocellulose saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Montella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Vincent Lombard
- CNRS UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- CNRS UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4 80126 Naples, Italy
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Pihlajaniemi V, Sipponen MH, Pastinen O, Nyyssölä A, Laakso S. The effect of direct and counter-current flow-through delignification on enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw, and flow limits due to compressibility. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2605-2613. [PMID: 27260990 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article compares the processes for wheat straw lignocellulose fractionation by percolation, counter-current progressing batch percolation and batch reaction at low NaOH-loadings (3-6% of DM). The flow-through processes were found to improve delignification and subsequent enzymatic saccharification, reduce NaOH-consumption and allow reduction of thermal severity, whereas hemicellulose dissolution was unaffected. However, contrary to previous expectations, a counter-current process did not provide additional benefits to regular percolation. The compressibility and flow properties of a straw bed were determined and used for simulation of the packing density profile and dynamic pressure in an industrial scale column. After dissolution of 30% of the straw DM by delignification, a pressure drop above 100 kPa m-1 led to clogging of the flow due to compaction of straw. Accordingly, the maximum applicable feed pressure and volumetric straw throughput was determined as a function of column height, indicating that a 10 m column can be operated at a maximum feed pressure of 530 kPa, corresponding to an operation time of 50 min and a throughput of 163 kg m-3 h-1 . Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2605-2613. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Pihlajaniemi
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, Finland, 02044.
| | - Mika Henrikki Sipponen
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, Finland, 02044
| | - Ossi Pastinen
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, Finland, 02044
| | - Antti Nyyssölä
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, Finland, 02044
| | - Simo Laakso
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, Finland, 02044
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8
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Yang H, Xie Y, Zheng X, Pu Y, Huang F, Meng X, Wu W, Ragauskas A, Yao L. Comparative study of lignin characteristics from wheat straw obtained by soda-AQ and kraft pretreatment and effect on the following enzymatic hydrolysis process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 207:361-9. [PMID: 26897415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To understand the structural changes of lignin after soda-AQ and kraft pretreatment, milled straw lignin, black liquor lignin and residual lignin extracted from wheat straw were characterized by FT-IR, UV, GPC and NMR. The results showed that the main lignin linkages were β-aryl ether substructures (β-O-4'), followed by phenylcoumaran (β-5') and resinol (β-β') substructures, while minor content of spirodienone (β-1'), dibenzodioxocin (5-5') and α,β-diaryl ether linkages were detected as well. After pretreatment, most lignin inter-units and lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages were degraded and dissolved in black liquor, with minor amount left in residual pretreated biomass. In addition, through quantitative (13)C and 2D-HSQC NMR spectral analysis, lignin and LCC were found to be more degraded after kraft pretreatment than soda-AQ pretreatment. Furthermore, the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis results showed that more cellulose in wheat straw was converted to glucose after kraft pretreatment, indicating that LCC linkages were important in the enzymatic hydrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yang
- School of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China; Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yimin Xie
- School of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- School of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fang Huang
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Weibing Wu
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Lan Yao
- School of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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9
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Sugiharto YEC, Harimawan A, Kresnowati MTAP, Purwadi R, Mariyana R, Fitriana HN, Hosen HF. Enzyme feeding strategies for better fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of empty fruit bunch. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 207:175-9. [PMID: 26881335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin inhibitory becomes a major obstacle for enzymatic hydrolysis of empty fruit bunch conducted in high solid loading. Since current technology required high enzyme loading, surfactant application could not effectively used since it is only efficient in low enzyme loading. In addition, it will increase final operation cost. Hence, another method namely "proportional enzyme feeding" was investigated in this paper. In this method, enzyme was added to reactor proportionally to substrate addition, different from conventional method ("whole enzyme feeding") where whole enzyme was added prior to hydrolysis process started. Proportional enzyme feeding could increase enzymatic digestibility and glucose concentration up to 26% and 12% respectively, compared to whole enzyme feeding for hydrolysis duration more than 40h. If enzymatic hydrolysis was run less than 40h (25% solid loading), whole enzyme feeding is preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ardiyan Harimawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Purwadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Rina Mariyana
- PT Rekayasa Industri, Kalibata Timur 1 Street 36 Kalibata, Jakarta 12740, Indonesia
| | - Hana Nur Fitriana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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10
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Pihlajaniemi V, Sipponen MH, Kallioinen A, Nyyssölä A, Laakso S. Rate-constraining changes in surface properties, porosity and hydrolysis kinetics of lignocellulose in the course of enzymatic saccharification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:18. [PMID: 26816528 PMCID: PMC4727270 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Explaining the reduction of hydrolysis rate during lignocellulose hydrolysis is a challenge for the understanding and modelling of the process. This article reports the changes of cellulose and lignin surface areas, porosity and the residual cellulase activity during the hydrolysis of autohydrolysed wheat straw and delignified wheat straw. The potential rate-constraining mechanisms are assessed with a simplified kinetic model and compared to the observed effects, residual cellulase activity and product inhibition. RESULTS The reaction rate depended exclusively on the degree of hydrolysis, while enzyme denaturation or time-dependent changes in substrate hydrolysability were absent. Cellulose surface area decreased linearly with hydrolysis, in correlation with total cellulose content. Lignin surface area was initially decreased by the dissolution of phenolics and then remained unchanged. The dissolved phenolics did not contribute to product inhibition. The porosity of delignified straw was decreased during hydrolysis, but no difference in porosity was detected during the hydrolysis of autohydrolysed straw. CONCLUSIONS Although a hydrolysis-dependent increase of non-productive binding capacity of lignin was not apparent, the dependence of hydrolysis maxima on the enzyme dosage was best explained by partial irreversible product inhibition. Cellulose surface area correlated with the total cellulose content, which is thus an appropriate approximation of the substrate concentration for kinetic modelling. Kinetic models of cellulose hydrolysis should be simplified enough to include reversible and irreversible product inhibition and reduction of hydrolysability, as well as their possible non-linear relations to hydrolysis degree, without overparameterization of particular factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Pihlajaniemi
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mika Henrikki Sipponen
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioinen
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Antti Nyyssölä
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Simo Laakso
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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Quiroga AG, Silvera AB, Padilla RV, Costa ACD, Maciel Filho R. CONTINUOUS AND SEMICONTINUOUS REACTION SYSTEMS FOR HIGH-SOLIDS ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20150324s00003547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Liguori R, Ventorino V, Pepe O, Faraco V. Bioreactors for lignocellulose conversion into fermentable sugars for production of high added value products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:597-611. [PMID: 26572518 PMCID: PMC4703634 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomasses derived from dedicated crops and agro-industrial residual materials are promising renewable resources for the production of fuels and other added value bioproducts. Due to the tolerance to a wide range of environments, the dedicated crops can be cultivated on marginal lands, avoiding conflict with food production and having beneficial effects on the environment. Besides, the agro-industrial residual materials represent an abundant, available, and cheap source of bioproducts that completely cut out the economical and environmental issues related to the cultivation of energy crops. Different processing steps like pretreatment, hydrolysis and microbial fermentation are needed to convert biomass into added value bioproducts. The reactor configuration, the operative conditions, and the operation mode of the conversion processes are crucial parameters for a high yield and productivity of the biomass bioconversion process. This review summarizes the last progresses in the bioreactor field, with main attention on the new configurations and the agitation systems, for conversion of dedicated energy crops (Arundo donax) and residual materials (corn stover, wheat straw, mesquite wood, agave bagasse, fruit and citrus peel wastes, sunflower seed hull, switchgrass, poplar sawdust, cogon grass, sugarcane bagasse, sunflower seed hull, and poplar wood) into sugars and ethanol. The main novelty of this review is its focus on reactor components and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Liguori
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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13
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Beltramino F, Valls C, Vidal T, Roncero MB. Exploring the effects of treatments with carbohydrases to obtain a high-cellulose content pulp from a non-wood alkaline pulp. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 133:302-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Muddassar HR, Melin K, de Villalba Kokkonen D, Riera GV, Golam S, Koskinen J. Green chemicals from pulp production black liquor by partial wet oxidation. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2015; 33:1015-1021. [PMID: 26377325 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x15602807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, more sustainable sources of energy, fuel and chemicals are needed. Biomass side streams such as black liquor, which is a by-product of pulp production, has the potential to be used for this purpose. The aim of the study was the production of carboxylic acids, such as lactic acid, formic acid and acetic acid, from kraft and non-wood black liquor. The processes studied were partial wet oxidation (PWO) and catalytic partial wet oxidation (CPWO). The results show that the yield of carboxylic acid is higher when treated by PWO than the results from CPWO at temperatures of 170 °C and 230 °C. The results shows that the PWO process can increase the yield of carboxylic acids and hydroxy acids in black liquor, reduce lignin content and decrease pH, which makes further separation of the acids more favourable. The hydroxy acids are valuable raw materials for biopolymers, and acetic acid and formic acid are commonly used chemicals conventionally produced from fossil feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristian Melin
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Finland
| | | | - Gerard Viader Riera
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Sarwar Golam
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Jukka Koskinen
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Finland
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15
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Muddassar HR, Sipponen MH, Melin K, de Kokkonen D, Pastinen O, Golam S. Effects of Catalysts and pH on Lignin in Partial Wet Oxidation of Wood and Straw Black Liquors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan R. Muddassar
- Department of Biotechnology
and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mika H. Sipponen
- Department of Biotechnology
and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kristian Melin
- Department of Biotechnology
and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Daniela de Kokkonen
- Department of Biotechnology
and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ossi Pastinen
- Department of Biotechnology
and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sarwar Golam
- Department of Biotechnology
and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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16
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Sipponen MH, Pihlajaniemi V, Littunen K, Pastinen O, Laakso S. Determination of surface-accessible acidic hydroxyls and surface area of lignin by cationic dye adsorption. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:80-87. [PMID: 25033327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new colorimetric method for determining the surface-accessible acidic lignin hydroxyl groups in lignocellulose solid fractions was developed. The method is based on selective adsorption of Azure B, a basic dye, onto acidic hydroxyl groups of lignin. Selectivity of adsorption of Azure B on lignin was demonstrated using lignin and cellulose materials as adsorbents. Adsorption isotherms of Azure B on wheat straw (WS), sugarcane bagasse (SGB), oat husk, and isolated lignin materials were determined. The maximum adsorption capacities predicted by the Langmuir isotherms were used to calculate the amounts of surface-accessible acidic hydroxyl groups. WS contained 1.7-times more acidic hydroxyls (0.21 mmol/g) and higher surface area of lignin (84 m(2)/g) than SGB or oat husk materials. Equations for determining the amount of surface-accessible acidic hydroxyls in solid fractions of the three plant materials by a single point measurement were developed. A method for high-throughput characterization of lignocellulosic materials is now available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Henrikki Sipponen
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Ville Pihlajaniemi
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kuisma Littunen
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ossi Pastinen
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Espoo, Finland
| | - Simo Laakso
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Espoo, Finland
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17
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Sipponen MH, Pihlajaniemi V, Sipponen S, Pastinen O, Laakso S. Autohydrolysis and aqueous ammonia extraction of wheat straw: effect of treatment severity on yield and structure of hemicellulose and lignin. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudo-lignin accumulation in wheat straw autohydrolysis was revealed by relative double detection high-performance size-exclusion chromatography and confirmed by CuO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Henrikki Sipponen
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology
- Department of Biotechnology and, Chemical Technology
- 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Pihlajaniemi
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology
- Department of Biotechnology and, Chemical Technology
- 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Satu Sipponen
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology
- Department of Biotechnology and, Chemical Technology
- 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ossi Pastinen
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology
- Department of Biotechnology and, Chemical Technology
- 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Simo Laakso
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology
- Department of Biotechnology and, Chemical Technology
- 02150 Espoo, Finland
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18
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Sipponen MH, Pihlajaniemi V, Pastinen O, Laakso S. Reduction of surface area of lignin improves enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06926a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
24 h enzymatic hydrolysis (15 FPU g−1) of solid residues from wheat straw autohydrolysis. Cellulose conversion as a function of lignin content (left) or lignin surface area (right) in solid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Sipponen
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology
- Espoo, Finland
| | - V. Pihlajaniemi
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology
- Espoo, Finland
| | - O. Pastinen
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology
- Espoo, Finland
| | - S. Laakso
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology
- Espoo, Finland
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