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Chen C, Shi H, Mo X, Qiu S. Life-cycle water footprint analysis of Bama's biomass fuel in Guangxi combined with environment and economy assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176345. [PMID: 39307366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the overall impact of biomass on water resources can provide guidance for biomass fuel production and water resource protection. The life-cycle water footprint (WF) of five typical crops (hemp, corn, soybean, sugarcane and cassava) in Bama, converted to bio-ethanol was analyzed using CROPWAT 8.0 model, combined with environmental and economic assessment. The calculation results showed that cassava and sugarcane straw were the best feedstocks for biomass fuel production with the lowest life-cycle WF (93-1732 m3/t). Hemp straw to bio-ethanol had highest life-cycle WF (40066-52,895 m3/t) and water pressure (K = 0.32). The economic output value per unit area of sugarcane was greater than that of other crops, which is 10 times that of corn. Corn consumes more water than any other crop annually, rising from 230 million cubic meters to 245 million cubic meters. The economic value of sugarcane is the highest, and it shows an increasing trend year by year, reaching a maximum of 1.76 RMB/m3 in 2022. The results could guide the Bama administration's efforts to cultivate crops with lower water footprints or higher economic benefits, and also contribute to the efficient use of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Nanning City 530004, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou City 510640, China.
| | - Haosen Shi
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Xiankai Mo
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Song Qiu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
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2
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Zheng B, Yu S, Chen Z, Huo YX. A consolidated review of commercial-scale high-value products from lignocellulosic biomass. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933882. [PMID: 36081794 PMCID: PMC9445815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, lignocellulosic biomass has been introduced to the public as the most important raw material for the environmentally and economically sustainable production of high-valued bioproducts by microorganisms. However, due to the strong recalcitrant structure, the lignocellulosic materials have major limitations to obtain fermentable sugars for transformation into value-added products, e.g., bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, etc. In this review, we analyzed the recent trends in bioenergy production from pretreated lignocellulose, with special attention to the new strategies for overcoming pretreatment barriers. In addition, persistent challenges in developing for low-cost advanced processing technologies are also pointed out, illustrating new approaches to addressing the global energy crisis and climate change caused by the use of fossil fuels. The insights given in this study will enable a better understanding of current processes and facilitate further development on lignocellulosic bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengzhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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3
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Low Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) Energy Crops to Bioenergy and Biofuels—A Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Energy crops are dedicated cultures directed for biofuels, electricity, and heat production. Due to their tolerance to contaminated lands, they can alleviate and remediate land pollution by the disposal of toxic elements and polymetallic agents. Moreover, these crops are suitable to be exploited in marginal soils (e.g., saline), and, therefore, the risk of land-use conflicts due to competition for food, feed, and fuel is reduced, contributing positively to economic growth, and bringing additional revenue to landowners. Therefore, further study and investment in R&D is required to link energy crops to the implementation of biorefineries. The main objective of this study is to present a review of the potential of selected energy crops for bioenergy and biofuels production, when cultivated in marginal/degraded/contaminated (MDC) soils (not competing with agriculture), contributing to avoiding Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) burdens. The selected energy crops are Cynara cardunculus, Arundo donax, Cannabis sativa, Helianthus tuberosus, Linum usitatissimum, Miscanthus × giganteus, Sorghum bicolor, Panicum virgatum, Acacia dealbata, Pinus pinaster, Paulownia tomentosa, Populus alba, Populus nigra, Salix viminalis, and microalgae cultures. This article is useful for researchers or entrepreneurs who want to know what kind of crops can produce which biofuels in MDC soils.
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Brar KK, Raheja Y, Chadha BS, Magdouli S, Brar SK, Yang YH, Bhatia SK, Koubaa A. A paradigm shift towards production of sustainable bioenergy and advanced products from Cannabis/hemp biomass in Canada. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 14:1-22. [PMID: 35342682 PMCID: PMC8934023 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The global cannabis (Cannabis sativa) market was 17.7 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach up to 40.6 billion by 2024. Canada is the 2nd nation to legalize cannabis with a massive sale of $246.9 million in the year 2021. Waste cannabis biomass is managed using disposal strategies (i.e., incineration, aerobic/anaerobic digestion, composting, and shredding) that are not good enough for long-term environmental sustainability. On the other hand, greenhouse gas emissions and the rising demand for petroleum-based fuels pose a severe threat to the environment and the circular economy. Cannabis biomass can be used as a feedstock to produce various biofuels and biochemicals. Various research groups have reported production of ethanol 9.2-20.2 g/L, hydrogen 13.5 mmol/L, lipids 53.3%, biogas 12%, and biochar 34.6% from cannabis biomass. This review summarizes its legal and market status (production and consumption), the recent advancements in the lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) pre-treatment (deep eutectic solvents (DES), and ionic liquids (ILs) known as "green solvents") followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) for the efficient conversion efficiency of pre-treated biomass. Recent advances in the bioconversion of hemp into oleochemicals, their challenges, and future perspectives are outlined. A comprehensive insight is provided on the trends and developments of metabolic engineering strategies to improve product yield. The thermochemical processing of disposed-off hemp lignin into bio-oil, bio-char, synthesis gas, and phenol is also discussed. Despite some progress, barricades still need to be met to commercialize advanced biofuels and compete with traditional fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalpreet Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
- Centre Technologique Des Residue Industriels (CTRI), 433 Boulevard du college, Rouyn-Noranda, J9X0E1 Canada
| | - Yashika Raheja
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| | | | - Sara Magdouli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
- Centre Technologique Des Residue Industriels (CTRI), 433 Boulevard du college, Rouyn-Noranda, J9X0E1 Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Koubaa
- Institut de Recherche Sur Les Forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Université, Rouyn-Noranda, 445 Boulevard de l’ Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X5E4 Canada
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Kim D, Yoo CG, Schwarz J, Dhekney S, Kozak R, Laufer C, Ferrier D, Mackay S, Ashcraft M, Williams R, Kim S. Effect of lignin-blocking agent on enzyme hydrolysis of acid pretreated hemp waste. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22025-22033. [PMID: 35480814 PMCID: PMC9034124 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03412j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemp wastes (stems and branches), fractionated after hemp flower extraction for the production of cannabidiol oil, were utilized as a potentially renewable resource for the sugar flatform process. Hydrolysis of cellulose from the acid pretreated hemp biomass using a commercial enzyme was tested and evaluated for its chemical composition, morphological change, and sugar recovery. Acid pretreated hemp stems and branches, containing 1% glucan (w/v) solids, were hydrolyzed for 72 h using 25 mg enzyme protein per g glucan. A 54% glucose conversion was achieved from the treated branches versus a 71% yield from the treated stems. Raw branches and stems yielded 35% and 38% glucose, respectively. Further tests with a lignin-blocking additive (e.g. bovine serum albumin) resulted in a 72% glucose yield increase for stem hydrolysis using 10 mg enzyme protein per g glucan. While pretreatment promotes amorphous hemicellulose decrease and cellulose decomposition, it causes enzyme inhibition/deactivation due to potential inhibitors (phenols and lignin-derived compounds). This study confirms the addition of non-catalytic proteins enhances the cellulose conversion by avoiding non-productive binding of enzymes to the lignin and lignin-derived molecules, with lignin content determining the degree of inhibition and conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehwan Kim
- Department of Biology, Hood College Frederick MD 21701 USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY 13210 USA
| | - Jurgen Schwarz
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne MD 21853 USA
| | - Sadanand Dhekney
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne MD 21853 USA
| | - Robert Kozak
- Atlantic Biomass Conversions, LLC Frederick MD 21701 USA
| | - Craig Laufer
- Department of Biology, Hood College Frederick MD 21701 USA
| | - Drew Ferrier
- Department of Biology, Hood College Frederick MD 21701 USA
| | - Skylar Mackay
- Department of Biology, Hood College Frederick MD 21701 USA
| | | | | | - Sinyeon Kim
- MtheraPharma Co., Ltd. Seoul 07793 Republic of Korea
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6
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Recent Advancements in Biological Conversion of Industrial Hemp for Biofuel and Value-Added Products. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable, economically feasible, and green resources for energy and chemical products have people’s attention due to global energy demand and environmental issues. Last several decades, diverse lignocellulosic biomass has been studied for the production of biofuels and biochemicals. Industrial hemp has great market potential with its versatile applications. With the increase of the hemp-related markets with hemp seed, hemp oil, and fiber, the importance of hemp biomass utilization has also been emphasized in recent studies. Biological conversions of industrial hemp into bioethanol and other biochemicals have been introduced to address the aforementioned energy and environmental challenges. Its high cellulose content and the increased production because of the demand for cannabidiol oil and hempseed products make it a promising future bioenergy and biochemical source. Effective valorization of the underutilized hemp biomass can also improve the cost-competitiveness of hemp products. This manuscript reviews recent biological conversion strategies for industrial hemp and its characteristics. Current understanding of the industrial hemp properties and applied conversion technologies are briefly summarized. In addition, challenges and future perspectives of the biological conversion with industrial hemp are discussed.
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7
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Zhao J, Xu Y, Wang W, Griffin J, Wang D. High Ethanol Concentration (77 g/L) of Industrial Hemp Biomass Achieved Through Optimizing the Relationship between Ethanol Yield/Concentration and Solid Loading. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21913-21921. [PMID: 32905407 PMCID: PMC7469648 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the relationships between ethanol yield/concentration and solid loading (6-21%) were investigated to enhance ethanol titer and avoid a random choice of solid loading for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Alkali-pretreated hemp biomass was used for SSF in four scenarios including Case I: 30 filter paper unit (FPU)-cellulase and 140 fungal xylanase unit (FXU)-hemicellulase/g-solid; Case II: 40 FPU-cellulase and 140 FXU-hemicellulase/g-solid; Case III: 30 FPU-cellulase and 140 FXU-hemicellulase/g-solid with 1% Tween80; and Case IV: 30 FPU-cellulase and 140 FXU-hemicellulase/g-solid with particle size reduction (<0.2 mm). Results showed that bioethanol yield and concentration had a negative linear (R 2 = 0.76-0.93) and quadratic (R 2 = 0.96-0.99) correlation with solid loading (6-21%), respectively. As compared to Case I and previous studies, an enhancement in ethanol yield and concentration through increasing cellulase dose (Case II) and adding Tween 80 (Case III) was overestimated, whereas particle size reduction (Case IV) extended the "solid effect", evidenced by the highest ethanol concentration (77 g/L) achieved from SSF at the focus point of a quadratic model. An interpretation of the relationship between ethanol yield/concentration and solid loading not only avoids a blind selection of solid loading for SSF but also reduces extra enzymes and water consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Zhao
- Department of Biological
and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State
University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Youjie Xu
- Department of Biological
and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State
University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics
& Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jason Griffin
- John C. Pair Horticultural Center, Department of Horticulture &
Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Haysville, Kansas 67060, United States
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Biological
and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State
University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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8
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Zhao J, Xu Y, Wang W, Griffin J, Wang D. Conversion of liquid hot water, acid and alkali pretreated industrial hemp biomasses to bioethanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123383. [PMID: 32330804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, four varieties of hemp biomasses (Helena, SS Beta, Tygra, and Elleta Campana) pretreated with liquid hot water (LHW), H2SO4, and NaOH were investigated for ethanol production. Physicochemical and morphological properties of the pretreated hemp biomass were characterized. LHW achieved high glucan (85-98%) and xylan (67-71%) recoveries. H2SO4 induced significant glucan decomposition (5.9-10.6 g/L) and inhibitor formation (4.5-7.4 g/L of HMF and 2.8-4.5 g/L of furfural) in resulting slurries. Both LHW and H2SO4 pretreatments resulted in low glucose and ethanol yields due to recondensed lignin units. NaOH pretreatment achieved high glucose and ethanol yields due to efficient lignin removal (58.6-75.3%). There was no significant variation in ethanol yield among the four hemp varieties pretreated by NaOH. H2SO4 and NaOH pretreated biomasses showed apparent terraced-field structures and microporous protuberances. Changes in crystallinity indexes and intensities of FTIR peaks were consistent with enhanced cellulose and decreased amorphous hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Zhao
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Youjie Xu
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jason Griffin
- John C. Pair Horticultural Center, Department of Horticulture & Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Haysville, KS 67060, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Opportunities for Green Energy through Emerging Crops: Biogas Valorization of Cannabis sativa L. Residues. CLIMATE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cli7120142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work shows the experimental evidence carried out on a pilot scale and demonstrating the potential of Cannabis sativa L. by-products for biogas production through anaerobic digestion. While the current state-of-the-art tests on anaerobic digestion feasibility are carried out at the laboratory scale, the here described tests were carried out at a pilot-to-large scale. An experimental campaign was carried out on hemp straw residues to assess the effective performance of this feedstock in biogas production by reproducing the real operating conditions of an industrial plant. An organic loading rate was applied according to two different amounts of hemp straw residues (3% wt/wt and 5% wt/wt). Also, specific bioenhancers were used to maximize biogas production. When an enzymatic treatment was not applied, a higher amount of hemp straw residues determined an increase of the median values of the gas production rate of biogas of 92.1%. This reached 116.6% when bioenhancers were applied. The increase of the specific gas production of biogas due to an increment of the organic loading rate (5% wt/wt) was +77.9% without enzymatic treatment and it was +129.8% when enzymes were used. The best management of the biodigester was found in the combination of higher values of hemp straw residues coupled with the enzymatic treatment, reaching 0.248 Nm3·kgvolatile solids−1 of specific biogas production. Comparisons were made between the biogas performance obtained within the present study and those found in the literature review coming from studies on a laboratory scale, as well as those related to the most common energy crops. The hemp straw performance was similar to those provided by previous studies on a laboratory scale. Values reported in the literature for other lignocellulosic crops are close to those of this work. Based on the findings, biogas production can be improved by using bioenhancers. Results suggest an integration of industrial hemp straw residues as complementary biomass for cleaner production and to contribute to the fight against climate change.
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Guan Z, Guan Z, Li Z, Liu J, Yu K. Characterization and Preparation of Nano-porous Carbon Derived from Hemp Stems as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:338. [PMID: 31701241 PMCID: PMC6838265 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As a biomass waste, hemp stems have the advantages of low cost and abundance, and it is regarded as a promising anode material with a high specific capacity. In this paper, activated carbon derived from hemp stems is prepared by low-temperature carbonization and high-temperature activation. The results of characterizations show the activated carbon has more pores due to the advantages of natural porous structure of hemp stem. The aperture size is mainly microporous, and there are mesopores and macropores in the porous carbon. The porous carbon has an excellent reversible capacity of 495 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.2 °C as the anode of lithium-ion battery. Compared with the graphite electrode, the electrochemical property of activated carbon is significantly improved due to the reasonable distribution of pore size. The preparation of the activated carbon provides a new idea for low cost and rapid preparation of anode materials for high capacity lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Automotive Materials Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Zhiping Guan
- Key Laboratory of Automotive Materials Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
- Institute of Superplasticity and Plasticity of Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Key Laboratory of Automotive Materials Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
- Institute of Superplasticity and Plasticity of Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automotive Materials Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Kaifeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Automotive Materials Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
- The State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 China
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Kuglarz M, Alvarado-Morales M, Dąbkowska K, Angelidaki I. Integrated production of cellulosic bioethanol and succinic acid from rapeseed straw after dilute-acid pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:191-199. [PMID: 29902651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an integrated biofuel (cellulosic bioethanol) and biochemical (succinic acid) production process from rapeseed straw after dilute-acid pretreatment. Rapeseed straw pretreatment at 20% (w/v) solid loading and subsequent hydrolysis with Cellic® CTec2 resulted in high glucose yield (80%) and ethanol output (122-125 kg of EtOH/Mg of rapeseed straw). Supplementation the enzymatic process with 10% dosage of endoxylanases (Cellic® HTec2) reduced the hydrolysis time required to achieve the maximum glucan conversion by 44-46% and increased the xylose yield by 10% compared to the process with Cellic® CTec2. Significantly higher amounts of succinic acid were produced after fermentation of pretreatment liquor (48 kg/Mg of rapeseed straw, succinic acid yield: 60%) compared to fermentation of xylose-rich residue after ethanol production (35-37 kg/Mg of rapeseed straw, succinic yield: 68-71%). Results obtained in this study clearly proved the biorefinery potential of rapeseed straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kuglarz
- Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Merlin Alvarado-Morales
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Dąbkowska
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-645 Warsaw, ul. Waryńskiego 1, Poland
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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Semhaoui I, Maugard T, Zarguili I, Rezzoug SA, Zhao JMQ, Toyir J, Nawdali M, Maache-Rezzoug Z. Eco-friendly process combining acid-catalyst and thermomechanical pretreatment for improving enzymatic hydrolysis of hemp hurds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 257:192-200. [PMID: 29501952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a pretreatment by combined H2SO4 acid-catalyst and thermomechanical process to improve hemicelluloses solubilization of hemp hurds and subsequently enzymatic hydrolysis extent of potentially fermentable sugars. It was found that the sugars released were gradually increased with treatment severity. Soluble sugars generated before enzymatic hydrolysis (R1) increased up to 2.23 g/L indicating that autohydrolysis reaction occurred during pretreatment. Consequently, the solubilization of hemicelluloses was correlated with combined severity factor (CS). As a result, increase of overall reducing sugars (ORS) from 23.4% (untreated) to 81.4% was observed at optimized conditions of steaming temperature of 165 °C for 30 min and acid loading of 62.9 g/kg DM (dry material) corresponding to CS = 1.2, with limited production of identified by-products: 0.035 g/L and 0.46 g/L (per 100 g DM) for furfural and HMF, respectively. Structural and physicochemical modifications of biomass were observed by FTIR, ABET and SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Semhaoui
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement, LaSIE, UMR CNRS 7356, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France; Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, Research Team: Procédés pour l'Energie et l'Environnement, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Morocco
| | - Thierry Maugard
- Equipe Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé, UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs, Université de La Rochelle, France
| | - Ikbal Zarguili
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, Research Team: Procédés pour l'Energie et l'Environnement, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Morocco
| | - Sid-Ahmed Rezzoug
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement, LaSIE, UMR CNRS 7356, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Qiuyu Zhao
- Equipe Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé, UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs, Université de La Rochelle, France
| | - Jamil Toyir
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, Research Team: Procédés pour l'Energie et l'Environnement, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Nawdali
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, Research Team: Procédés pour l'Energie et l'Environnement, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Morocco
| | - Zoulikha Maache-Rezzoug
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement, LaSIE, UMR CNRS 7356, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
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Das L, Liu E, Saeed A, Williams DW, Hu H, Li C, Ray AE, Shi J. Industrial hemp as a potential bioenergy crop in comparison with kenaf, switchgrass and biomass sorghum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:641-649. [PMID: 28810219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study takes combined field trial, lab experiment, and economic analysis approaches to evaluate the potential of industrial hemp in comparison with kenaf, switchgrass and biomass sorghum. Agronomy data suggest that the per hectare yield (5437kg) of industrial hemp stem alone was at a similar level with switchgrass and sorghum; while the hemp plants require reduced inputs. Field trial also showed that ∼1230kg/ha hemp grain can be harvested in addition to stems. Results show a predicted ethanol yield of ∼82gallons/dry ton hemp stems, which is comparable to the other three tested feedstocks. A comparative cost analysis indicates that industrial hemp could generate higher per hectare gross profit than the other crops if both hemp grains and biofuels from hemp stem were counted. These combined evaluation results demonstrate that industrial hemp has great potential to become a promising regional commodity crop for producing both biofuels and value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitendu Das
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Enshi Liu
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Areej Saeed
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - David W Williams
- Plant and Soils Science Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States; Robinson Center for Appalachian Resource Sustainability (RCARS), Jackson, KY 41339, United States
| | - Hongqiang Hu
- Energy and Environment Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, United States
| | - Chenlin Li
- Energy and Environment Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, United States
| | - Allison E Ray
- Energy and Environment Science and Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, United States
| | - Jian Shi
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States.
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Xie C, Gong W, Yang Q, Zhu Z, Yan L, Hu Z, Peng Y. White-rot fungi pretreatment combined with alkaline/oxidative pretreatment to improve enzymatic saccharification of industrial hemp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:188-195. [PMID: 28662388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
White-rot fungi combined with alkaline/oxidative (A/O) pretreatments of industrial hemp woody core were proposed to improve enzymatic saccharification. In this study, hemp woody core were treated with only white rot fungi, only A/O and combined with the two methods. The results showed that Pleurotus eryngii (P. eryngii) was the most effective fungus for pretreatment. Reducing sugars yield was 329mg/g with 30 Filter Paper Unit (FPU)/g cellulase loading when treated 21day. In the A/O groups, the results showed that when treated with 3% NaOH and 3% H2O2, the yield of reducing sugars was 288mg/g with 30FPU/g cellulase loading. After combination pretreatment with P. eryngii and A/O pretreatment, the reducing sugar yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of combined sample increased 1.10-1.29-fold than that of bio-treated or A/O pretreatment sample at the same conditions, suggesting that P. eryngii combined with A/O pretreatment was an effective method to improve enzyme hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Wenbing Gong
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Zuohua Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Li Yan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Zhenxiu Hu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Yuande Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China.
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15
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Kuglarz M, Alvarado-Morales M, Karakashev D, Angelidaki I. Integrated production of cellulosic bioethanol and succinic acid from industrial hemp in a biorefinery concept. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:639-47. [PMID: 26551652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop integrated biofuel (cellulosic bioethanol) and biochemical (succinic acid) production from industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in a biorefinery concept. Two types of pretreatments were studied (dilute-acid and alkaline oxidative method). High cellulose recovery (>95%) as well as significant hemicelluloses solubilization (49-59%) after acid-based method and lignin solubilization (35-41%) after alkaline H2O2 method were registered. Alkaline pretreatment showed to be superior over the acid-based method with respect to the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol productivity. With respect to succinic acid production, the highest productivity was obtained after liquid fraction fermentation originated from steam treatment with 1.5% of acid. The mass balance calculations clearly showed that 149kg of EtOH and 115kg of succinic acid can be obtained per 1ton of dry hemp. Results obtained in this study clearly document the potential of industrial hemp for a biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kuglarz
- Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Merlin Alvarado-Morales
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dimitar Karakashev
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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16
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Gunnarsson IB, Kuglarz M, Karakashev D, Angelidaki I. Thermochemical pretreatments for enhancing succinic acid production from industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 182:58-66. [PMID: 25682224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an efficient thermochemical method for treatment of industrial hemp biomass, in order to increase its bioconversion to succinic acid. Industrial hemp was subjected to various thermochemical pretreatments using 0-3% H2SO4, NaOH or H2O2 at 121-180°C prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. The influence of the different pretreatments on hydrolysis and succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z was investigated in batch mode, using anaerobic bottles and bioreactors. Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of hemp material pretreated with 3% H2O2 resulted in the highest overall sugar yield (73.5%), maximum succinic acid titer (21.9 g L(-1)), as well as the highest succinic acid yield (83%). Results obtained clearly demonstrated the impact of different pretreatments on the bioconversion efficiency of industrial hemp into succinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingólfur B Gunnarsson
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mariusz Kuglarz
- Faculty of Materials and Environmental Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Dimitar Karakashev
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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