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Motavaf B, Capece SH, Eldor T, Savage PE. Recovery of Energy and Nitrogen via Two-Stage Valorization of Food Waste. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bita Motavaf
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sofia H. Capece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tomer Eldor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Phillip E. Savage
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Zan X, Cui F, Sun J, Zhou S, Song Y. Novel Dual-Functional Enzyme Lip10 Catalyzes Lipase and Acyltransferase Activities in the Oleaginous Fungus Mucor circinelloides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13176-13184. [PMID: 31690075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipases or triacylglycerol (TAG) lipases belong to the α/β-hydrolases superfamily, which are enzymes capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of the ester bond between fatty acids and glycerol. Interestingly, some lipases have been found to not only possess hydrolysis activity but also acyltransferase activity in yeasts and microalgae. Our present study reported a novel dual-functional Mucor circinelloides lipase Lip10 with a slight lipolysis activity but a noteworthy phospholipid/diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) activity. The purified Lip10 mutants prefer to utilize phosphatidyl serine to form TAG over phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the histidine residue in the acyltransferase motif H-(X)4-D is indispensable for the PDAT activity of Lip10. Overexpression of the acyltransferase motif of Lip10 promoted cell growth by 12% and increased lipid production by 14% compared to the control, whilst overexpression of the lipase motif induced lipid degradation in M. circinelloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Jianing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science , Shandong University of Technology , Zibo 255049 , P. R. China
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3
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Mild Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Microalgae for the Production of Biocrude with a Low N and O Content. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7090630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A hydrothermal pretreatment of the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana at mild temperatures was studied in order to reduce the N and O content in the biocrude obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The work focused on the evaluation of temperature, reactor loading, and time (factors) to maximize the yield of the pretreated biomass and the heteroatom contents transferred from the microalga biomass to the aqueous phase (responses). The study followed the factorial design and response surface methodology. An equation for every response was obtained, which led to the accurate calculation of the operating conditions required to obtain a given value of these responses. Temperature and time are critical factors with a negative effect on the pretreated biomass yield but a positive one on the N and O recovery in the aqueous phase. The slurry concentration has to be low to increase heteroatom recovery and has to be high to maximize the pretreated microalga yields. Response equations were obtained for the analyzed responses, which facilitated the accurate prediction of the operating conditions required to obtain a given value of these responses.
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Cai G, Moghaddam L, O'Hara IM, Zhang Z. Microbial oil production from acidified glycerol pretreated sugarcane bagasse by Mortierella isabellina. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2539-2550. [PMID: 35520487 PMCID: PMC9059841 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08971j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated microbial oil production process consisting of acidified glycerol pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial oil production by Mortierella isabellina NRRL 1757 and oil recovery by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of fungal biomass in fermentation broth was assessed in this study. Following pretreatment, the effect of residual pretreatment hydrolysate (containing glycerol) on enzymatic hydrolysis was firstly studied. The residual pretreatment hydrolysate (corresponding to 2.0–7.5% glycerol) improved glucan enzymatic digestibilities by 10–11% compared to the enzymatic hydrolysis in water (no buffer). Although residual pretreatment hydrolysate at 2.0–5.0% glycerol slightly inhibited the consumption of glucose in enzymatic hydrolysate by M. isabellina NRRL 1757, it did not affect microbial oil production due to the consumption of similar amounts of total carbon sources including glycerol. When the cultivation was scaled-up to a 1 L bioreactor, glucose was consumed more rapidly but glycerol assimilation was inhibited. Finally, HTL of fungal biomass in fermentation broth without any catalyst at 340 °C for 60 min efficiently recovered microbial oils from fungal biomass and achieved a bio-oil yield of 78.7% with fatty acids being the dominant oil components (∼89%). HTL also led to the hydrogenation of less saturated fatty acids (C18:2 and C18:3) to more saturated forms (C18:0 and C18:1). A microbial oil production process consisting of acidified glycerol pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial oil production by M. isabellina NRRL 1757 and oil recovery by hydrothermal liquefaction of fungal biomass in fermentation broth was assessed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Cai
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Lalehvash Moghaddam
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Ian M. O'Hara
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
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Huang Z, Wufuer A, Wang Y, Dai L. Hydrothermal liquefaction of pretreated low-lipid microalgae for the production of bio-oil with low heteroatom content. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Dong T, Xiong W, Yu J, Pienkos PT. Co-production of fully renewable medium chain α-olefins and bio-oilviahydrothermal liquefaction of biomass containing polyhydroxyalkanoic acid. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34380-34387. [PMID: 35548653 PMCID: PMC9086982 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07359g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Medium chain-length linear α-olefins (mcl-LAO) are versatile precursors to commodity products such as synthetic lubricants and biodegradable detergents, and have been traditionally produced from ethylene oligomerization and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Medium chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (mcl-PHA) can be produced by some microorganisms as an energy storage. In this study, Pseudomonas putida biomass that contained mcl-PHA was used in HTL at 300 °C for 30 min, and up to 65 mol% of mcl-PHA was converted into mcl-LAO. The yield and quality of the bio-oil co-produced in the HTL was remarkably improved with the biomass rich in mcl-PHA. Experiments with extracted mcl-PHA revealed the degradation mechanism of mcl-PHA in HTL. Overall, this work demonstrates a novel process to co-produce mcl-LAO and bio-oil from renewable biomass. Co-production of fully renewable medium chain α-olefins and bio-oil by hydrothermal liquefaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- National Bioenergy Center
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- National Bioenergy Center
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
| | - Jianping Yu
- National Bioenergy Center
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
| | - Philip T. Pienkos
- National Bioenergy Center
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
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7
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Martinez-Fernandez JS, Chen S. Sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction characterization and nutrient recovery assessment. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Magnusson M, Yuen AK, Zhang R, Wright JT, Taylor RB, Maschmeyer T, de Nys R. A comparative assessment of microwave assisted (MAE) and conventional solid-liquid (SLE) techniques for the extraction of phloroglucinol from brown seaweed. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Zan X, Tang X, Zhao L, Chu L, Chen H, Chen W, Chen YQ, Song Y. Bioinformatical analysis and preliminary study of the role of lipase in lipid metabolism in Mucor circinelloides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08285h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungusMucor circinelloideshas been widely used as a model organism to investigate the mechanisms of lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Linfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanda Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
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Summers HM, Ledbetter RN, McCurdy AT, Morgan MR, Seefeldt LC, Jena U, Hoekman SK, Quinn JC. Techno-economic feasibility and life cycle assessment of dairy effluent to renewable diesel via hydrothermal liquefaction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:431-440. [PMID: 26276094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The economic feasibility and environmental impact is investigated for the conversion of agricultural waste, delactosed whey permeate, through yeast fermentation to a renewable diesel via hydrothermal liquefaction. Process feasibility was demonstrated at laboratory-scale with data leveraged to validate systems models used to perform industrial-scale economic and environmental impact analyses. Results show a minimum fuel selling price of $4.78 per gallon of renewable diesel, a net energy ratio of 0.81, and greenhouse gas emissions of 30.0g-CO2-eqMJ(-1). High production costs and greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to operational temperatures and durations of both fermentation and hydrothermal liquefaction. However, high lipid yields of the yeast counter these operational demands, resulting in a favorable net energy ratio. Results are presented on the optimization of the process based on economy of scale and a sensitivity analysis highlights improvements in conversion efficiency, yeast biomass productivity and hydrotreating efficiency can dramatically improve commercial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey M Summers
- Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Utah State University, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321, USA
| | - Rhesa N Ledbetter
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321, USA
| | - Alex T McCurdy
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321, USA
| | - Michael R Morgan
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321, USA
| | - Lance C Seefeldt
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321, USA
| | - Umakanta Jena
- Division of Atmospheric Science, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - S Kent Hoekman
- Division of Atmospheric Science, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Jason C Quinn
- Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Utah State University, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321, USA.
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Costanzo W, Jena U, Hilten R, Das K, Kastner JR. Low temperature hydrothermal pretreatment of algae to reduce nitrogen heteroatoms and generate nutrient recycle streams. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Jena U, McCurdy AT, Warren A, Summers H, Ledbetter RN, Hoekman SK, Seefeldt LC, Quinn JC. Oleaginous yeast platform for producing biofuels via co-solvent hydrothermal liquefaction. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:167. [PMID: 26468320 PMCID: PMC4605089 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleaginous microorganisms are attractive feedstock for production of liquid biofuels. Direct hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an efficient route that converts whole, wet biomass into an energy-dense liquid fuel precursor, called 'biocrude'. HTL represents a promising alternative to conventional lipid extraction methods as it does not require a dry feedstock or additional steps for lipid extraction. However, high operating pressure in HTL can pose challenges in reactor sizing and overall operating costs. Through the use of co-solvents the HTL operating pressure can be reduced. The present study investigates low-temperature co-solvent HTL of oleaginous yeast, Cryptococcus curvatus, using laboratory batch reactors. RESULTS In this study, we report the co-solvent HTL of microbial yeast biomass in an isopropanol-water binary system in the presence or absence of Na2CO3 catalyst. This novel approach proved to be effective and resulted in significantly higher yield of biocrude (56.4 ± 0.1 %) than that of HTL performed without a co-solvent (49.1 ± 0.4 %)(p = 0.001). Addition of Na2CO3 as a catalyst marginally improved the biocrude yield. The energy content of the resulting biocrude (~37 MJ kg(-1)) was only slightly lower than that of petroleum crude (42 MJ kg(-1)). The HTL process was successful in removing carboxyl groups from fatty acids and creating their associated straight-chain alkanes (C17-C21). Experimental results were leveraged to inform techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the baseline HTL conversion pathway to evaluate the commercial feasibility of this process. TEA results showed a renewable diesel fuel price of $5.09 per gallon, with the HTL-processing step accounting for approximately 23 % of the total cost for the baseline pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the feasibility of co-solvent HTL of oleaginous yeast biomass in producing an energy-dense biocrude, and hence provides a platform for adding value to the current dairy industry. Co-solvents can be used to lower the HTL temperature and hence the operating pressure. This process results in a higher biocrude yield at a lower HTL temperature. A conceptual yeast HTL biofuel platform suggests the use of a dairy waste stream for increasing the productivity and sustainability of rural areas while providing a new feedstock (yeast) for generating biofuels.
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Prapaiwatcharapan K, Sunphorka S, Kuchonthara P, Kangvansaichol K, Hinchiranan N. Single- and two-step hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae in a semi-continuous reactor: Effect of the operating parameters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:426-432. [PMID: 25913031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated an influence of operating conditions on the biocrude yield and properties obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Coelastrum sp. microalgae in a two-step sequential HTL (THTL) and a single-step HTL (SHTL) using a semi-continuous system. A higher biocrude yield with a lower nitrogen content was obtained with the THTL process than the SHTL one. The operating temperature, pressure and water flow rate were sequentially varied in a univariate analysis for a 2 h reaction time to optimize the obtained biocrude yield. Increasing the temperature improved the biocrude yield, but the second step temperature should not be higher than 320 °C to prevent the thermal cracking to gaseous compounds. The optimal conditions of THTL were preliminarily temperature of 200 and 320 °C and pressure of 7 and 20 MPa for the first and second step, respectively, both with a water flow rate of 0.50 mL/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerati Prapaiwatcharapan
- Department of Petrochemical and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sunphorka
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Uthenthawai Campus, 225 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prapan Kuchonthara
- Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, 7th Floor, Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kunn Kangvansaichol
- PTT Research and Technology Institute, Phahon Yothin Road, Wangnoi, Ayutthaya 13170, Thailand
| | - Napida Hinchiranan
- Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, 7th Floor, Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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14
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Jazrawi C, Biller P, He Y, Montoya A, Ross AB, Maschmeyer T, Haynes BS. Two-stage hydrothermal liquefaction of a high-protein microalga. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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