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Asafu-Adjaye OA, Street J, Bansode A, Auad ML, Peresin MS, Adhikari S, Liles T, Via BK. Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil-Based Epoxy as an Adhesive in Oriented Strand Board Production. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061244. [PMID: 35335574 PMCID: PMC8950851 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to utilize bio-oil-based epoxy resin in oriented strand board (OSB) production and investigate the effect of bio-oil substitution in epoxy resin as an adhesive for OSB production. Bio-oil was produced by the fast pyrolysis (FP) process using southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.). Bio-oil-based epoxy resin was synthesized by the modification of epoxy resin with FP bio-oil at various substitution levels. Acetone extraction using a Soxhlet process indicated a superior cured reaction of bio-oil and epoxy resin at 20% bio-oil substitution. FTIR spectra corroborated the Soxhlet extraction with the removal of the epoxide peak signature within the cross-linked polymer. Images from the scanning electron microscopy suggested bulk phase homogeneity. OSB panels were tested according to ASTM D1037-12. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength, and water resistance (thickness swell and water absorption) properties of the OSB panels were feasible at bio-oil substitution up to 30% in the epoxy resin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osei Asibe Asafu-Adjaye
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.S.P.); (B.K.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jason Street
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Archana Bansode
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.B.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Maria L. Auad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.B.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Maria Soledad Peresin
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.S.P.); (B.K.V.)
| | - Sushil Adhikari
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Terry Liles
- Huber Engineering Corporation, Commerce, GA 30530, USA;
| | - Brian K. Via
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.S.P.); (B.K.V.)
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Celikbag Y, Meadows S, Barde M, Adhikari S, Buschle-Diller G, Auad ML, Via BK. Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-oil-Based Self-Curing Epoxy Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shatori Meadows
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
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Liu Y, Via BK, Pan Y, Cheng Q, Guo H, Auad ML, Taylor S. Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy Resin Cross-Linked with High Wood Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Substitution by Acetone Pretreatment. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E106. [PMID: 30970785 PMCID: PMC6432270 DOI: 10.3390/polym9030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cost effective solvents may be necessary to store wood pyrolysis bio-oil in order to stabilize and control its viscosity, but this part of the production system has not been explored. Conversely, any rise in viscosity during storage, that would occur without a solvent, will add variance to the production system and render it cost ineffective. The purpose of this study was to modify bio-oil with a common solvent and then react the bio-oil with an epoxy for bonding of wood without any loss in properties. The acetone pretreatment of the bio-oil/epoxy mixture was found to improve the cross-linking potential and substitution rate based on its mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. Specifically, the bio-oil was blended with epoxy resin at weight ratios ranging from 2:1 to 1:5 and were then cured. A higher bio-oil substitution rate was found to lower the shear bond strength of the bio-oil/epoxy resins. However, when an acetone pretreatment was used, it was possible to replace the bio-oil by as much as 50% while satisfying usage requirements. Extraction of the bio-oil/epoxy mixture with four different solvents demonstrated an improvement in cross-linking after acetone pretreatment. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed that the polymer achieved a higher cross-linked structure. DSC and TGA curves showed improved thermal stability with the addition of the acetone pretreatment. UV-Vis characterization showed that some functional groups of the bio-oil to epoxy system were unreacted. Finally, when the resin mixture was utilized to bond wood, the acetone pretreatment coupled with precise tuning of the bio-oil:epoxy ratio was an effective method to control cross-linking while ensuring acceptable bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Forest Products Development Center, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Brian K Via
- Forest Products Development Center, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Yuanfeng Pan
- Forest Products Development Center, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
| | - Qingzheng Cheng
- Forest Products Development Center, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Hongwu Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Maria L Auad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Steven Taylor
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Celikbag Y, Via BK, Adhikari S, Buschle-Diller G, Auad ML. The effect of ethanol on hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in biopolyol produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of loblolly pine: (31)P-NMR and (19)F-NMR analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:37-44. [PMID: 27126078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the role of ethanol and temperature on the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in biopolyol produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of loblolly pine (Pinus spp.) carried out at 250, 300, 350 and 390°C for 30min. Water and water/ethanol mixture (1/1, wt/wt) were used as liquefying solvent in the HTL experiments. HTL in water and water/ethanol is donated as W-HTL and W/E-HTL, respectively. It was found that 300°C and water/ethanol solvent was the optimum liquefaction temperature and solvent, yielding up to 68.1wt.% bio-oil and 2.4wt.% solid residue. (31)P-NMR analysis showed that biopolyol produced by W-HTL was rich in phenolic OH while W/E-HTL produced more aliphatic OH rich biopolyols. Moreover, biopolyols with higher hydroxyl concentration were produced by W/E-HTL. Carbonyl groups were analyzed by (19)F-NMR, which showed that ethanol reduced the concentration of carbonyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Celikbag
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Brian K Via
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA; Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA; Department of Biosystem Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Sushil Adhikari
- Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA; Department of Biosystem Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Maria L Auad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Ben H, Ferrell III JR. In-depth investigation on quantitative characterization of pyrolysis oil by 31P NMR. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23939g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation on time-dependent changes when using 31P NMR to analyze pyrolysis bio-oils has been accomplished and the proposed application of this method is essential to achieve reliable quantitative data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxi Ben
- National Bioenergy Center
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Golden
- USA
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Zhou C, Jiang W, Via BK, Fasina O, Han G. Prediction of mixed hardwood lignin and carbohydrate content using ATR-FTIR and FT-NIR. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 121:336-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Celikbag Y, Robinson TJ, Via BK, Adhikari S, Auad ML. Pyrolysis oil substituted epoxy resin: Improved ratio optimization and crosslinking efficiency. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Celikbag
- Forest Product Development Center; School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849
| | - Thomas J. Robinson
- Forest Product Development Center; School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849
| | - Brian K. Via
- Forest Product Development Center; School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849
- Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849
| | - Sushil Adhikari
- Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849
| | - Maria L. Auad
- Department of Polymer and Fiber Engineering; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849
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