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Jia W, Zhou M, Yang C, Zhang H, Niu M, Shi H. Evaluating Process of Auto-Hydrolysis Prior to Kraft Pulping on Production of Chemical Pulp for End Used Paper-Grade Products. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Jia W, Zhou M, Sun Y, Niu M, Shi H. Evaluating Process of Auto-Hydrolysis Prior to Kraft Pulping on Production of Chemical Pulp for End Used Paper-Grade Products. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Penín L, López M, Santos V, Alonso JL, Parajó JC. Technologies for Eucalyptus wood processing in the scope of biorefineries: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123528. [PMID: 32444114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus is the most widely planted type of hardwoods, and represents an important biomass source for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials. Its industrial benefit can be achieved by processes following the biorefinery concept, which is based on the selective separation ("fractionation") of the major components (hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin), and on the generation of added-value from the resulting fractions. This article provides a in-depth assessment on the composition of Eucalyptus wood and a critical evaluation of selected technologies allowing its overall exploitation. These latter include treatments with organosolvents and with emerging fractionation agents (ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents). The comparative evaluation of the diverse processing technologies is carried out in terms of degree of fractionation, yields and selectivities. The weak and strong points, challenges, and opportunities of the diverse fractionation methods are identified, focusing on the integral utilization of the feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Penín
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mar López
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Valentín Santos
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - José Luis Alonso
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Parajó
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Effect of Pre-Corrected pH on the Carbohydrate Hydrolysis of Bamboo during Hydrothermal Pretreatment. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030612. [PMID: 32156019 PMCID: PMC7182921 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To confirm the prospects for application of pre-corrected pH hydrothermal pretreatment in biorefineries, the effects of pH on the dissolution and degradation efficiency of carbohydrates were studied. The species composition of the hydrolysate was analyzed using high efficiency anion exchange chromatography and UV spectroscopy. The result showed that the greatest balance between the residual solid and total dissolved solids was obtained at pH 4 and 170 °C. Maximum recovery rates of cellulose and lignin were as expected, whereas hemicellulose had the least recovery rate. The hemicellulose extraction rate was 42.19%, and the oligomer form accounted for 93.39% of the product. The physicochemical properties of bamboo with or without pretreatment was characterized. Compared with the traditional hydrothermal pretreatment, the new pretreatment bamboo has higher fiber crystallinity and thermal stability. In the pretreatment process, the fracture of β-aryl ether bond was inhibited and the structural dissociation of lignin was reduced. The physicochemical properties of bamboo was protected while the hemicellulose was extracted efficiently. It provides theoretical support for the efficient utilization of all components of woody biomass.
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Penín L, Santos V, Del Río JC, Parajó JC. Assesment on the chemical fractionation of Eucalyptus nitens wood: Characterization of the products derived from the structural components. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:269-276. [PMID: 30825830 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Following an integrated approach, Eucalyptus nitens wood samples were subjected to consecutive stages of aqueous fractionation and organosolv delignification, in order to separate hemicelluloses (mainly converted into soluble products from the aqueous stage) from lignin (largely converted into soluble fragments in the organosolv stage) and from cellulose (accumulated in the solid phase from pulping). The compositions of selected reaction media were studied by selected spectrophotometric, spectrometric, chromatographic, and nuclear magnetic resonance methods; and the solid phases from treatments were studied by diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental information from the above tasks provides a deep insight on the yields, properties and potential applications of the target fractions in the scope of biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Penín
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Valentín Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - José Carlos Del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, PO Box 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Parajó
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Wang H, Wang B, Sun D, Shi Q, Zheng L, Wang S, Liu S, Xia R, Sun R. Unraveling the Fate of Lignin from Eucalyptus and Poplar during Integrated Delignification and Bleaching. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1059-1068. [PMID: 30648348 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Efficient deconstruction of lignocellulose is vitally important for the biorefinery industry because lignin structures play a crucial role in the high value-added conversion of lignin. In this study, an integrated process based on hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) and Kraft delignification was proposed to deconstruct lignocellulosic biomass. It was found that the HTP not only facilitated the production of xylo-oligosaccharides but also reduced the chemicals dosage of the following delignification. The structural characteristics of lignin obtained from the integrated process were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and gel-permeation chromatography. Additionally, double enzymatic lignins (DELs) isolated from different feedstocks were used as "model lignin" to delineate the structural transformations of lignin during H2 O2 , ClO2 , and O3 bleaching. Significant changes of the lignin structure were observed during the ClO2 bleaching process, including degradation of aromatic rings, enrichment in p-hydroxyphenyl units, and increase of carboxylic groups. A comparison of the structural characteristics of the bleached lignins indicated that HTP benefited the subsequent bleaching process. Enhanced knowledge of lignin chemistry during deconstruction and delignification could provide valuable insight into the current lignocellulose biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Quentin Shi
- Shanghai Dssun New Material Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Shanghai Dssun New Material Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Liu
- College of Light Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruirui Xia
- Shandong Longlive Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Shi H, Zhou M, Jia W, Li N, Niu M. Balancing the effect of pretreatment severity on hemicellulose extraction and pulping performance during auto-hydrolysis prior to kraft pulping of acacia wood. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2784. [PMID: 30748127 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
When using a combination of pre-extraction and chemical pulping, a high yield of sugar recovery and minimal negative effect on the subsequent pulping step are expected. In this work, the P factor was utilized to investigate the effect of auto-hydrolysis severity on sugar recovery, removal of the main component, and impact on the kraft pulping of acacia wood chips. Using a P factor of 235, 84.34% of the polysaccharides in 14.05 g L-1 of dissolved sugars could be obtained. In addition, the soluble sugars were easily separated with a recovery yield of 3.54 g ·L-1 and Mw of 4,690 g mol-1 by direct precipitation using organic solvents. However, a maximum of 22.14 g L-1 of dissolved sugars was obtained with approximately 72.53% polysaccharides and Mw of 2,198 g mol-1 for a P factor of 601. Moreover, nearly 50% of the degraded carbohydrates remained in the auto-hydrolyzed wood chips. The decrease in the mass of pentosan, holocellulose, and klason lignin was 62, 30, and 8.76%, respectively. With intensifying severity, the screened yield and viscosity of pulps decreased markedly, whileas the Kappa number increased. No significant differences were observed in the morphology of the resultant fibers. Moreover, there was a decrease in the physical strength of the pulps due to the loss of the intrinsic strength of the pulp fibers, which in turn resulted from the cellulose damage. The combustion performance of the resultant pulping black liquor is improved due to the higher lignin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Shi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Miaofang Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Wenchao Jia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Na Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Meihong Niu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
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Novel Kinetic Models of Xylan Dissolution and Degradation during Ethanol Based Auto-Catalyzed Organosolv Pretreatment of Bamboo. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10101149. [PMID: 30961074 PMCID: PMC6403872 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the invalidity of traditional models, pretreatment conditions dependent parameter of susceptible dissolution degree of xylan (dX) was introduced into the kinetic models. After the introduction of dX, the dissolution of xylan, and the formation of xylo-oligosaccharides and xylose during ethanol based auto-catalyzed organosolv (EACO) pretreatments of bamboo were well predicted by the pseudo first-order kinetic models (R2 > 97%). The parameter of dX was verified to be a variable dependent of EACO pretreatment conditions (such as solvent content in pretreatment liquor and pretreatment temperature). Based on the established kinetic models of xylan dissolution, the dissolution of glucan and the formation of degradation products (furfural and acetic acid) could also be empirically modeled (R2 > 97%). In addition, the relationship between xylan and lignin removal can provide guidance for alleviating the depositions of lignin or pseudo-lignin. The parameter of dX derived novel kinetic models can not only be used to reveal the multi-step reaction mechanisms of xylan, but also control the final removal of main components in bamboo during EACO pretreatments, indicating scientific and practical significance for governing the biorefinery of woody biomass.
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Rigual V, Santos TM, Domínguez JC, Alonso MV, Oliet M, Rodriguez F. Combining autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:197-203. [PMID: 29277050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid microwave treatments of eucalyptus wood have been studied to facilitate sugar production in a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. Three autohydrolysis conditions (150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C) in combination with two ionic liquid temperatures (80 °C and 120 °C) were compared in terms of chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and sugar production. Morphology was measured (using SEM) and the biomass surface was visualized with confocal fluorescence microscopy. The synergistic cooperation of both treatments was demonstrated, enhancing cellulose accessibility. At intermediate autohydrolysis conditions (175 °C) and low ionic liquid temperature (80 °C), a glucan digestibility of 84.4% was obtained. Using SEM micrographs, fractal dimension (as a measure of biomass complexity) and lacunarity (as a measure of homogeneity) were calculated before and after pretreatment. High fractals dimensions and low lacunarities correspond to morphologically complex and homogeneous samples, that are better digested by enzyme cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rigual
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tamara M Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Virginia Alonso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Oliet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodriguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Birch wood pre-hydrolysis vs pulp post-hydrolysis for the production of xylan-based compounds and cellulose for viscose application. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 190:212-221. [PMID: 29628240 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal treatments of birch wood and kraft pulp were compared for their ability to extract the xylan and produce viscose-grade pulp. Water post-hydrolysis of kraft pulp produced a high-purity cellulosic pulp with lower viscosity but higher cellulose yield than traditional pre-hydrolysis kraft pulping of wood. Post-hydrolysis of pulp also increased the crystallite dimensions and degree of crystallinity in cellulose, and promoted a higher extent of fibril aggregation. The lower specific surface area in post-hydrolyzed pulps, derived from their larger fibril aggregates, decreased the accessibility of OH groups. However, this lower accessibility did not seem to decrease the pulp reactivity to derivatizing chemicals. In the aqueous side-stream, the xylose yield was similar in both pre- and post-hydrolysates, although conducting post-hydrolysis of pulp in a flow-through system enabled the recovery of high purity and molar mass (∼10 kDa) xylan for high-value applications.
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Pretreatment of wheat straw leads to structural changes and improved enzymatic hydrolysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1321. [PMID: 29358729 PMCID: PMC5778052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat straw (WS) is a potential biomass for production of monomeric sugars. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis ratio of cellulose in WS is relatively low due to the presence of lignin and hemicellulose. To enhance the enzymatic conversion of WS, we tested the impact of three different pretreatments, e.g. sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and hot water pretreatments to the enzymatic digestions. Among the three pretreatments, the highest cellulose conversion rate was obtained with the 4% NaOH pretreatment at 121 °C (87.2%). In addition, NaOH pretreatment was mainly effective in removing lignin, whereas the H2SO4 pretreatment efficiently removed hemicellulose. To investigate results of pretreated process for enhancement of enzyme-hydolysis to the WS, we used scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze structural changes of raw and treated materials. The structural analysis indicated that after H2SO4 and NaOH pretreatments, most of the amorphous cellulose and partial crystalline cellulose were hydrolyzed during enzymatic hydrolysis. The findings of the present study indicate that WS could be ideal materials for production of monomeric sugars with proper pretreatments and effective enzymatic base hydrolysis.
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Li J, Zhang C, Hu H, Chai XS. Effect of shortening kraft pulping integrated with extended oxygen delignification on biorefinery process performance of eucalyptus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 202:119-124. [PMID: 26706725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the impact of shortening kraft pulping (KP) process integrated with extended oxygen delignification (OD) on the biorefinery process performance of eucalyptus. Data showed that using kraft pulps with high kappa number could improve the delignification efficiency of OD, reduce hexenuronic acid formation in kraft pulps. Pulp viscosity for a target kappa number of ∼10 was comparable to that obtained from conventional KP and OD process. The energy and alkali consumption in the integrated biorefinery process could be optimized when using a KP pulp with kappa number of ∼27. The process could minimize the overall methanol formation, but greater amounts of carbonate and oxalate were formed. The information from this study will be helpful to the future implementation of short-time KP integrated with extended OD process in actual pulp mill applications for biorefinery, aiming at further improvement in the biorefinery effectiveness of hardwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Huichao Hu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
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