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Production and Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Wastewater via Mixed Microbial Cultures and Microalgae. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In the context of circular economy and sustainable production of materials, this project investigated the feasibility of producing sustainable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from microalgae and sludge used in the treatment of municipal wastewater. The overall process was studied looking at the main steps: microalgae production, fermentation of the biomass, production and characterization of the PHAs. It was possible to obtain blends of hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate copolymers with high molecular weights and different compositions depending on the nature of the feedstock (mixed volatile fatty acids). In some cases, almost completely amorphous PHA materials were obtained, suggesting a potential diversification of uses and applications.
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Fernández-Domínguez D, Astals S, Peces M, Frison N, Bolzonella D, Mata-Alvarez J, Dosta J. Volatile fatty acids production from biowaste at mechanical-biological treatment plants: Focusing on fermentation temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123729. [PMID: 32622279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of temperature (20, 35, 45, 55, 70 °C) on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from biowaste collected at a mechanical-biological treatment plant was analysed. Additionally, relevant streams of the treatment plant were characterised to assess seasonality effects and conceive the integration of a fermentation unit. Batch fermentation tests at 35 °C showed the highest VFA yields (0.49-0.59 gCODVFA/gVS). The VFA yield at 35 °C was 2%, 6%, 10% and 14% higher than at 55, 45, 20 and 70 °C, respectively. The VFA profile was not affected by the fermentation temperature nor seasonality and was dominated by acetic, propionic and butyric acid (75-86% CODVFA). The concentration of non-VFA soluble COD and ammoniacal nitrogen in the fermentation liquor increased with temperature. The fermentation unit in the treatment plant was conceived after the pulper and hydrocyclones and before the anaerobic digester, while the fermenter temperature depends on the VFA application.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fernández-Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Peces
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Centre for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nicola Frison
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - David Bolzonella
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Joan Mata-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Water Research Institute (IdRA), University of Barcelona, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Dosta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Water Research Institute (IdRA), University of Barcelona, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
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Soomro AF, Abbasi IA, Ni Z, Ying L, Liu J. Influence of temperature on enhancement of volatile fatty acids fermentation from organic fraction of municipal solid waste: Synergism between food and paper components. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122980. [PMID: 32062392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explores individual contributions and synergistic effects of food and paper, main components of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) towards volatile fatty acids (VFA) fermentation under different temperatures (25, 37, 42 and 52 °C). Thanks to the synergism of food and paper component (FC & PC), the results revealed that OFMSW is suitable for VFA production. Maximum VFA production was noticed to be 21.5 mg/L at 42 °C, ~2.1, and 1.42 times higher than fermentation of PC and FC. Enhanced hydrolysis of PC occurred at >37 °C, increasing alkalinity in leachate to 6.7 g/L at 42 °C, thus maintaining a stable pH (5.4-5.6) during acidogenic fermentation. Additionally, 74% of COD is hydrolyzed, of which 79% is converted to VFA based on biodegradable carbon at 42 °C. It is suggested that co-existence of FC and PC can enhance VFA production of OFMSW, and targeted VFA production can be maximized through process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul F Soomro
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Irfan Ahmed Abbasi
- Department of Energy and Environment Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Zhe Ni
- Beijing Geo Environ Engineering & Technology, Inc, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Li Ying
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Magdalena JA, González-Fernández C. Microalgae Biomass as a Potential Feedstock for the Carboxylate Platform. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234404. [PMID: 31810301 PMCID: PMC6930456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are chemical building blocks for industries, and are mainly produced via the petrochemical pathway. However, the anaerobic fermentation (AF) process gives a potential alternative to produce these organic acids using renewable resources. For this purpose, waste streams, such as microalgae biomass, might constitute a cost-effective feedstock to obtain VFAs. The present review is intended to summarize the inherent potential of microalgae biomass for VFA production. Different strategies, such as the use of pretreatments to the inoculum and the manipulation of operational conditions (pH, temperature, organic loading rate or hydraulic retention time) to promote VFA production from different microalgae strains, are discussed. Microbial structure analysis using microalgae biomass as a substrate is pointed out in order to further comprehend the roles of bacteria and archaea in the AF process. Finally, VFA applications in different industry fields are reviewed.
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Luo L, Wong JWC. Enhanced food waste degradation in integrated two-phase anaerobic digestion: Effect of leachate recirculation ratio. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121813. [PMID: 31376669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of leachate recirculation at a ratio of 0%, 25%, 50% or 75% of collected leachate from the Leach Bed Reactor (LBR) on food waste digestion efficiency and its subsequent methane production in the second phase of a two-phase anaerobic system. Higher hydrolysis-acidogenesis efficiency and lower energy loss were achieved in LBR with higher leachate recirculation ratio. Better biochemical balance between metabolic products and microorganisms in leachate was revealed under 50% leachate recirculation ratio, which leads to the highest hydrogen production yield in LBR resulting the highest methane production yield in the corresponding methanogenic phase which was at least 15% higher than that in other conditions. This provides an easy approach to enhance the hydrolysis efficiency and in the same time a biochemical balanced leachate to enhance methanogenic reaction of a two-phase anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Luo
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Chandra R, Iqbal HMN, Vishal G, Lee HS, Nagra S. Algal biorefinery: A sustainable approach to valorize algal-based biomass towards multiple product recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:346-359. [PMID: 30718075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, ever-increasing socio-economic awareness, and negative impact of excessive petro consumption have redirected the research interests towards bio-resources such as algal-based biomass. In order to meet current bio-economy challenges to produce high-value multiple products at a time, new integrated processes in research and development are necessary. Though various strategies have been posited for conversion of algal-based biomass to fuel and fine chemicals, none of them has been proved as economically viable and energetically feasible. Therefore, a range of other bio-products needs to be pursued. In this context, the algal bio-refinery concept has appeared with notable solution to recover multiple products from a single operation process. Herein, an algal-based bio-refinery platform for fuel, food, and pharmaceuticals considering Bio-refinery Complexity Index (BCI) has been evaluated, as an indicator of techno-economic risks. This review presents recent developments on algal-biomass utilization for various value-added products as part of an integrated bio-refinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Chandra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., CP 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Toluca, Ave. Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, Toluca, State of Mexico CP 50110, Mexico; Biodesign Swette Center of Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Garima Vishal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hyung-Sool Lee
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sunil Nagra
- Aavesh Green Sustainability Solutions S. De R. L. De. C. V. Monterrey, N.L. 64821, Mexico
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Arras W, Hussain A, Hausler R, Guiot SR. Mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic acidogenic fermentation of food waste in batch: Effect of inoculum source. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:279-287. [PMID: 31109527 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Distinctions in hydrolysis and acidogenesis were examined for a series of anaerobic batch reactors inoculated with three different anaerobic mixed cultures (mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic anaerobic sludge) and operated at the temperature of inoculum's origin and additionally at 70 °C. Hyperthermophilic temperatures led to increased hydrolysis rates during the start-up stage but a rapid drop in pH limited the overall hydrolysis efficiency, indicating the importance of pH control to sustain the high reaction rates at higher temperatures. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed among hydrolysis efficiencies obtained for different reactors which ranged between 27 ± 3% and 40 ± 14%. The highest fermentation yield of 0.44 g COD of fermentation products/g VSS-CODadded was obtained under thermophilic conditions, followed by mesophilic (0.33 g COD ferm. prod./g VSS-CODadded) and hyperthermophilic conditions (0.05-0.08 g COD ferm. prod./g VSS-CODadded). Fermentative performance was better at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions as indicated by improved production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). VFAs accounted for 60-71% of the solubilised matter at thermophilic and mesophilic conditions. Acetic acid formed the primary VFA (70%) at mesophilic temperatures, while butyric acid was the major VFA at thermophilic (60%) conditions. Hyperthermophilic conditions led to increased production of lactic acid, which comprised up to 32% of the solubilised matter. Overall, the results indicate that different operating temperatures may not significantly affect the substrate degradation efficiency but clearly influence the biotransformation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Arras
- École de technologie supérieure, Département du génie de la construction, 1100, Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal H3C 1K3, Canada; Anaerobic Bioprocesses Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - A Hussain
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - R Hausler
- École de technologie supérieure, Département du génie de la construction, 1100, Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - S R Guiot
- Anaerobic Bioprocesses Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal H4P 2R2, Canada.
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Atasoy M, Owusu-Agyeman I, Plaza E, Cetecioglu Z. Bio-based volatile fatty acid production and recovery from waste streams: Current status and future challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:773-786. [PMID: 30030049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from waste-stream is getting attention due to increasing market demand and wide range usage area as well as its cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach. The aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive review of bio-based VFA production and recovery methods and to give an opinion on future research outlook. Effects of operation conditions including pH, temperature, retention time, type of substrate and mixed microbial cultures on VFA production and composition were reviewed. The recovery methods in terms of gas stripping with absorption, adsorption, solvent extraction, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and membrane contractor of VFA were evaluated. Furthermore, strategies to enhance bio-based VFA production and recovery from waste streams, specifically, in-line VFA recovery and bioaugmentation, which are currently not used in common practice, are seen as some of the approaches to enhance bio-based VFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Atasoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isaac Owusu-Agyeman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elzbieta Plaza
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zeynep Cetecioglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hussain A, Filiatrault M, Guiot SR. Acidogenic digestion of food waste in a thermophilic leach bed reactor: Effect of pH and leachate recirculation rate on hydrolysis and volatile fatty acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1-9. [PMID: 28892677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pH control (4, 5, 6, 7) on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production from food waste was investigated in a leach bed reactor (LBR) operated at 50°C. Stabilisation of pH at 7 resulted in hydrolysis yield of 530g soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD)/kg total volatile solids (TVS) added and VFA yield of 247gCOD/kg TVS added, which were highest among all pH tested. Butyric acid dominated the VFA mix (49-54%) at pH of 7 and 6, while acetate composed the primary VFA (41-56%) at pH of 4 and 5. A metabolic shift towards lactic acid production was observed at pH of 5. Improving leachate recirculation rate further improved the hydrolysis and degradation efficiency by 10-16% and the acidification yield to 340gCOD/kgTVS added. The butyric acid concentration of 16.8g/L obtained at neutral pH conditions is among the highest reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- Anaerobic Technologies and Bioprocess Control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mélissa Filiatrault
- Anaerobic Technologies and Bioprocess Control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Serge R Guiot
- Anaerobic Technologies and Bioprocess Control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada.
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