1
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Lin L, Song Y, Zhang Y, Luo Z, Li Q, Cao W, Li YY. Enhanced sludge granulation and stable performance of an anammox expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor through the utilization of hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131091. [PMID: 38986883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The reuse of hydroxyapatite particles (HAPs) as a granulation activator for anammox sludge was explored to address the remaining issues of time-consuming and unstable granular structure in anammox granulation. During the granulation, nitrogen removal capacity from 2.8 to 13.7 gN/L/d was obtained within 193 days, accompanied by an enhancement in bio-activity from 0.23 to 0.52 gN/gVSS/d. HAPs and anammox microorganisms coupled well to aggregate into granules for denser biomass, higher settleability, and stronger mechanical properties, which effectively improved the biomass retention capacity and structural strength of the sludge system. A skeleton structure formed by the HAPs was characterized during the transformation of the granules, playing a crucial role in strengthening the stability of the sludge. The intermediate processes of granulation were thus clarified to propose an evolutionary pathway for anammox-HAP granules. The pre-addition of HAPs is conducive to achieving faster anammox granulation and rapid process start-up for high-strength wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ying Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zibin Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wenzhi Cao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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2
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Ma X, Zhang XR, Sun YJ, Xi ZH, Liu JZ, Feng ZT, Zhou JM, Liu XT, Wang Y, Jin RC, Zhang QQ. Reason and control strategy for denitrification and anammox sludge flotation in nitrogen removal process: Mechanisms, strategies and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119456. [PMID: 38906445 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic biological treatment technology, especially denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) technology as mainstream process, played dominant role in the field of biological wastewater treatment. However, the above process was prone to sludge floating during high load operation and thereby affecting the efficient and stable operation of the system. Excessive production of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was considered to be the main reason for anaerobic granular sludge flotation, but the summaries in this area were not comprehensive enough. In this review, the potential mechanisms of denitrification and anammox sludge floatation were discussed from the perspective of granular sludge structural characteristics, nutrient transfer, and microbial flora change respectively, and the corresponding control strategies were also summarized. Finally, this paper indicated that future research on sludge flotation should focus on reducing the negative effects of EPS in sludge particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xin-Rui Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ying-Jun Sun
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zhi-Han Xi
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jin-Ze Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ze-Tong Feng
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xin-Tao Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
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3
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Cheng S, Li H, He X, Chen H, Li L. Improving anammox activity and reactor start-up speed by using CO 2/NaHCO 3 buffer. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:60-71. [PMID: 38105078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Anammox bacteria grow slowly and can be affected by large pH fluctuations. Using suitable buffers could make the start-up of anammox reactors easy and rapid. In this study, the effects of three kinds of buffers on the nitrogen removal and growth characteristics of anammox sludge were investigated. Reactors with CO2/NaHCO3 buffer solution (CCBS) performed the best in nitrogen removal, while 4-(2-hydroxyerhyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) inhibited the anammox activity. Reactors with 50 mmol/L CCBS could start up in 20 days, showing the specific anammox activity and anammox activity of 1.01±0.10 gN/(gVSS·day) and 0.83±0.06 kgN/(m3·day), respectively. Candidatus Kuenenia was the dominant anammox bacteria, with a relative abundance of 71.8%. Notably, anammox reactors could also start quickly by using 50 mmol/L CCBS under non-strict anaerobic conditions. These findings are meaningful for the quick start-up of engineered anammox reactors and prompt enrichment of anammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Huahua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xinyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Longxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Lan Y, Li X, Du R, Fan X, Cao S, Peng Y. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation in acetate-driven partial denitrification process: Enhancing sludge granulation and phosphorus removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166659. [PMID: 37652380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Partial denitrification/anammox (PD/A) processes have emerged as a promising technology for efficient nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, these processes fail to remove phosphorus (P), a key pollutant that contributes to water eutrophication. To address this issue, the potential of inducing hydroxyapatite (HAP) precipitation in PD processes to achieve simultaneous P removal was investigated for the first time. Specifically, three SBRs (R1-R3) for PD were operated with adding varying concentrations of external Ca (30, 60, and 120 mg/L, respectively). Results demonstrated significant P reduction in all three SBRs, particularly in R3 with high Ca, which achieved an 80 % removal efficiency. Notably, sludge granulation was observed during operation, with the granule size in R3 with high Ca reaching 906.1 μm during the stable period, exceeding those in R2 (788.7 μm) and R1 (707.1 μm). This led to good settle ability of the PD sludge, as demonstrated by the lowest SVI5 (20 mL/g MLSS). Moreover, the decrease in the MLVSS/MLSS ratio suggested that the inorganic content accumulated, as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy in the interior of the granules. Elemental composition analysis suggested that PD granules contained high P and Ca, while the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the formation of HAP. Overall, this study demonstrated that PD-HAP coupled granular sludge process has potential as a robust and efficient method for nitrite production, as well as effective P removal and recovery, thereby advancing the application of anammox processes in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lan
- College of Architecture and Civil engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering (FACTE), Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; Chongqing Research Institute of Beijing University of Technology, Chongqing 401121, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture and Civil engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering (FACTE), Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- College of Architecture and Civil engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering (FACTE), Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shenbin Cao
- College of Architecture and Civil engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering (FACTE), Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; Chongqing Research Institute of Beijing University of Technology, Chongqing 401121, PR China.
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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5
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Lin L, Zhang Y, Li YY. Enhancing start-up strategies for anammox granular sludge systems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166398. [PMID: 37604370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has been developed as one of the optimal alternatives to the conventional biological nitrogen removal process because of its high nitrogen removal capacity and low energy consumption. However, the slow growth rate of anammox bacteria and its high sensitivity to environmental changes have resulted in fewer anammox sludge sources for process start-up and a lengthy start-up period. Given that anammox microorganisms tend to aggregate, granular-anammox sludge is a frequent byproduct of the anammox process. In this study, we review state-of-the-art strategies for promoting the formation of anammox granules and the start-up of the anammox process based on the literature of the past decade. These strategies are categorized as the transformation of alternative sludge, the addition of accelerators, the introduction of functional carriers, and the implementation of other physical methods. In addition, the formation mechanism of anammox granules, the operational performance of various strategies, and their promotion mechanisms are introduced. Finally, prospects are presented to indicate the gaps in contemporary research and the potential future research directions. This review functions as a summary guideline and theoretical reference for the cultivation of granular-anammox sludge, the start-up of the anammox process, and its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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6
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Yang R, Li Y, Chen J, Wu J, Zhang S, Chen S, Wang X. Characteristics variations of size-fractionated anammox granules and identification of the potential effects on these evolutions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116875. [PMID: 37640093 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granulation which contributed to system stabilization and performance improvement has great potential in the field of wastewater nitrogen removal. The researchers fractionated anammox granules into small-size (0.5-0.9 mm), medium-size (1.8-2.2 mm), and large-size (2.8-3.5 mm) categories to examine their properties and mechanisms. Various analyses, including high-throughput sequencing, determination of inorganic elements and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and microbial function prediction, were conducted to characterize these granules and understand their impact. The results revealed distinct characteristics among the different-sized granules. Medium-size granules exhibited the highest sphericity, EPS content, and anammox abundance. In contrast, large-size granules had the highest specific surface area, heme c content, specific anammox activity, biodiversity, and abundance of filamentous bacteria. Furthermore, the precipitates within the granules were identified as CaCO3 and MgCO3, with the highest inorganic element content found in the large-size granules. Microbial community and function annotation also varied with granule size. Based on systematic analysis, the researchers concluded that cell growth, chemical precipitation, EPS secretion, and interspecies interaction all played a role in granulation. Small-size granules were primarily formed through cell growth and biofilm formation. As granule size increased, EPS secretion and chemical precipitation became more influential in the granulation process. In the large-size granules, chemical precipitation and interspecies interaction, including synergistic effects with nitrifying, denitrifying, and filamentous bacteria, as well as metabolic cross-feeding, played significant roles in aggregation. This interplay ultimately contributed to higher anammox activity in the large-size granules. By fully understanding the mechanisms involved in granulation, this study provides valuable insights for the acclimation of anammox granules with optimal sizes under different operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Xiamen, 361021, PR China; Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Yenan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Xiamen, 361021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jinglin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Junbin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Shici Zhang
- Hubei Geological Survey, Wuhan, 430034, PR China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Xiamen, 361021, PR China.
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Cheng H, Qin H, Liang L, Li YY, Liu J. Towards advanced simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery from digestion effluent based on anammox-hydroxyapatite (HAP) process: Focusing on a solution perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129117. [PMID: 37141995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the state-of-the-art information on the anammox-HAP process is summarized. The mechanism of this process is systematically expounded, the enhancement of anammox retention by HAP precipitation and the upgrade of phosphorus recovery by anammox process are clarified. However, this process still faces several challenges, especially how to deal with the ∼ 11% nitrogen residues and to purify the recovered HAP. For the first time, an anaerobic fermentation (AF) combined with partial denitrification (PD) and anammox-HAP (AF-PD-Anammox-HAP) process is proposed to overcome the challenges. By AF of the organic impurities of the anammox-HAP granular sludge, organic acid is produced to be used as carbon source for PD to remove the nitrogen residues. Simultaneously, pH of the solution drops, which promotes the dissolution of some inorganic purities such as CaCO3. In this way, not only the inorganic impurities are removed, but the inorganic carbon is supplied for anammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haojie Qin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lei Liang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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8
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Li JP, Liu Q, Gu YN, Wang SX, Li GF, Fan NS, Huang BC, Jin RC. The response of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process to bisphenol-A: Linking reactor performance to microbial community and functional gene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156030. [PMID: 35595149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a typical endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely detected in various water bodies. Although the influence of BPA on traditional biological treatment system has been investigated, it is not clear whether it has potential impact on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process. The short- and long-term influences of BPA on reactor operational performance, sludge characteristics and microbial community were investigated in this study. Results revealed that 1 and 3 mg L-1 BPA exhibited a limited adverse impact on granular sludge reactor performance. However, exposure of sludge under 10 mg L-1 BPA would cause an obvious inhibition on nitrogen removal rate from 10.3 ± 0.2 to 7.6 ± 0.4 kg N m-3 d-1. BPA would affect granular sludge metabolic substance excretion and lead to effluent dissolved organic content increase. Both the microbial community and redundancy analysis showed that BPA exhibited a negative influence on Ca. Kuenenia but a positive correlation with SBR1031. Low BPA concentration appeared a limited impact on functional genes while 10 mg L-1 BPA would cause decline of hzsA and hdh abundances. The results of this work might be valuable for in-depth understanding the potential influence of endocrine disruptor on anammox sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Peng Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ye-Nan Gu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shi-Xu Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Gui-Feng Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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9
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Wei D, Zhang X, Chen Z, He Y, Dai J, Zhang S. Comparison of three anaerobic digestion reactors for low-carbon wastewater treatment. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10702. [PMID: 35362241 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three anaerobic digestion reactors using up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (AnSBR), and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) were studied. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), gas production, sludge performance, and microbial characteristics of the anaerobic digestion process were assessed. The results showed that the average COD removal efficiencies reached 86%, 83%, and 85%, with corresponding removed rates of 2.49, 0.48, and 0.79 kg COD m-3 d-1 in UASB, AnSBR, and AnMBR, respectively. After the reactors attained stable operation, both extracellular polymeric substances and soluble microbial products decreased in all the reactors compared with the seed sludge. Methanothrix was the dominant archaea for methane production in the UASB, the relative abundance of which increased from 58.3% to 83.4%. These results identify UASB as the most suitable reactor for anaerobic digestion when treating wastewater with low carbon. Such reactors are important for the application and development of the energy self-sufficiency in sewage treatment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: UASB, SBR, and MBR were adopted to treat low-carbon wastewater using anaerobic digestion process. UASB performed the highest COD removal from low-carbon wastewater. The main microorganisms in UASB were Methanothrix, Methanomassiliicoccus, and Methanobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Wei
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaqian Dai
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Guo Y, Qian Y, Shen J, Qin Y, Li YY. The startup of the partial nitritation/anammox-hydroxyapatite process based on reconciling biomass and mineral to form the novel granule sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126692. [PMID: 35017089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The synchronous nitrogen elimination and phosphorus (P) recovery can be realized by the novel one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A)-hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystallization (PN/A-HAP) process, which seems promising in actual application. This research firstly conducted the startup of the PN/A-HAP process based on reconciling biomass and mineral to cultivate the novel sludge with the strategy of alternating enhancement of biomass accumulation and mineral formation. Within three months, the nitrogen removal rate of 1.1 kg/m3/d and the P removal efficiency of 54.2% were achieved. The biomass reached to 3.7 g/L and the average particle size of sludge granules was about 260 μm. The microbial analysis indicated that in sludge the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) mainly belonged to the genus Nitrosomonas, and the anammox bacteria mainly the genus Kuenenia. The main mineral in sludge was identified as HAP. This startup strategy is guidable for the application of one-stage PN/A-HAP process in actual wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yunzhi Qian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Junhao Shen
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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11
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Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Dong H. Insight into quorum sensing and microbial community of an anammox consortium in response to salt stress: From "Candaditus Brocadia" to "Candaditus Scalindua". THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148979. [PMID: 34274671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The shift of microbial community and signaling molecules release were studied to explore the potential mechanism of anammox consortium under salt stress. Due to increased salinity, the abundance of "Candidatus Brocadia" decreased from 29.5% to 1.9%. "Candidatus Brocadia" was reduced by the salinity shock. Besides, "Candidatus Scalindua", marine anammox bacteria, was detected at 18 g L-1 NaCl and dominated the reactor. Principle coordinates analysis further proved that salinity was the driving force on the distribution and diversity of anammox consortium. Also, quorum sensing feedback mechanism of anammox bacteria under salt stress was investigated for the first time. The concentration of N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-DL-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL) increased from 0.27 ± 0.02 to 1.24 ± 0.09 μM at 7 to 9 g L-1 NaCl. The concentration of 3OC6-HSL maintained at a high level at 9 to 12 g L-1 NaCl. Nacylated-l-homoserine lactones (AHLs)-mediated QS became more active and then improved the coordinated interaction in anammox consortium. High concentration of AHLs promoted the bacteria to produce more extracellular polymeric substances, which increased the bacterial tolerance to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebang Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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12
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Wang W, Li D, Li S, Wei Z, Zeng H, Zhang J. Insight into enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria in anammox granulation under decreasing temperature and no strict anaerobic condition: Comparison between continuous and sequencing batch feeding strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147601. [PMID: 34000529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A continuous flow reactor (CFR) and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) were operated in parallel to investigate the difference between anammox granulation in CFR and SBR under decreasing temperature and no strict anaerobic condition. The results showed that the biomass achieved initial granulation successfully (D [4, 3] = 280.44 and 346.28 μm) in both CFR and SBR on day 70. Compared with SBR, a better performance (0.33 kg N m-3 d-1) was gotten in CFR due to a better retention capacity of biomass (1397 mg L-1), when seasonal drop of water temperature occurred (18-14 °C). Thus, different operations led to different granulation styles of anammox. Granules in CFR had better rheological properties than that in SBR. Based on a stable and suitable environment provided by CFR, anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) are able to self-aggregate easily and secret extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which can capture other bacteria as home guardians. In SBR, AnAOB live inside the tan granules under the protection of other bacteria and thick EPS; other aggregations stick to solid carrier surface to form biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100123, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100123, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Ziqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Huiping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100123, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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13
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Guo Y, Xie C, Chen Y, Urasaki K, Qin Y, Kubota K, Li YY. Achieving superior nitrogen removal performance in low-strength ammonium wastewater treatment by cultivating concentrated, highly dispersive, and easily settleable granule sludge in a one-stage partial nitritation/anammox-HAP reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117217. [PMID: 34022630 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In low-strength ammonium wastewater (LSAWW) treatment, the application of anammox-based process is still limited due to extreme instability and the poor nitrogen removal rate (NRR). In this work, granule sludge, comprised of functional microbes and hydroxyapatite (HAP), was inoculated and cultivated in a one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PNA) reactor for LSAWW treatment. The results showed that at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 1.0 h and the influent ammonium concentration of 63.0 mg/L, an average NRR of 1.28 kg/m3/d was achieved, which far exceeds that reported in similar studies. The main inorganic matter in sludge was identified as HAP through the X-ray diffractometer and Raman spectrum analysis. The tomographic images of wet granule created through computed tomography revealed that the interior density of the granules was uneven and many hollow structures existed in the granule interior. Combined with the Scanning Electron Microscope images of dry granules, it was found that the granules were comprised of hollow sub-granules. Since the biomass in the reactor increased with no obvious increase in the granule size, it was inferred that the hollow sub-granules had fragile connections with each other and that granules division occurred easily, resulting in the high dispersity of sludge. Florescence in situ hybridization results also showed that the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria were mainly distributed in the two sides of the sub-granule shells and the HAP in the middle. This kind of structure raised the density of granules and improved the settleability of sludge, which made it possible to achieve a high biomass in the reactor at a short HRT. Therefore, the sludge formed in the reactor was concentrated, highly dispersive and easily settleable. These factors appear to be crucial for achieving the desired nitrogen removal performance. This study marks a big leap in LSAWW treatment through the one-stage PNA process and has great potential in actual applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Chenglei Xie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kampachiro Urasaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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14
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Si P, Li J, Xie W, Dong H, Qiang Z. Deciphering nitrogen removal mechanism through marine anammox bacteria treating nitrogen-laden saline wastewater under various phosphate doses: Microbial community shift and phosphate crystal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124707. [PMID: 33482477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of phosphate on marine anammox bacteria (MAB)-dominated anammox process in nitrogen-laden saline wastewater was first investigated. The activity of MAB was enhanced by dosing low concentrations of phosphate (5-30 mg/L PO43--P), and the time of complete ammonium removal was shortened by 0.5 h. When PO43--P exceeded 160 mg/L, the calcium magnesium phosphate precipitation was formed in the reactor. The contact between substrates and biomass was hindered by the sediments, and the nitrogen removal performance of MAB was also worsened. At 400 mg/L PO43--P, the ammonium removal rate and nitrite removal rate decreased to 0.45 and 0.43 kg/(m3⋅d), respectively. During the 158-day operation, MAB was still the dominant strain, but its relative abundance decreased by 15.4% at 400 mg/L PO43--P. Besides, the presence of sediments stimulated the production of extracellular polymeric substances and the maximum yield reached 11.25 mg/g⋅wet weight at 200 mg/L PO43--P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinkun Si
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Wenxia Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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15
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Zou J, Yu F, Pan J, Pan B, Wu S, Qian M, Li J. Rapid start-up of an aerobic granular sludge system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal through seeding chitosan-based sludge aggregates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144171. [PMID: 33360471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel strategy to accelerate the start-up of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system and ensure the nutrient removal during cultivation. This new method consists of preparing the chitosan-based sludge aggregates outside the reactor and then seeding the reactor with such sludge aggregates. To prepare chitosan-based sludge aggregates, chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution acting as a cationic flocculant to bind negatively charged sludge together, and then the dissolved chitosan was in situ precipitated by readjusting pH to form stable sludge aggregates. The chitosan-induced charge neutralization and water-insolubility of chitosan were the two main reasons for the super-rapid formation of chitosan-based sludge aggregates. The as-prepared chitosan-based sludge aggregates had a much lower sludge volume index at 30 min (SVI30) (90.1 mL/g) than the original sludge (SVI30 = 328.0 mL/g). They also had some AGS-like characteristics such as large particle size (1300 μm) and fast settling velocity (23.8 m/h). Consequently, short settling time can be achieved and excessive biomass wash-out can be avoided in the rapid start-up of AGS system with chitosan-based sludge aggregates as inoculant, which was beneficial to accelerating sludge granulation while maintaining nutrient removal. Additionally, the abundances of filamentous bacteria and Candidatus Accumulibacter and the content of extracellular polymeric substances increased during cultivation, which could also contribute to the AGS formation. By seeding chitosan-based sludge aggregates in the anaerobic/oxic sequencing batch reactor, complete granulation was rapidly achieved in 10 days, and good removals of nitrogen and phosphorus was obtained after 14-18 days of cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinte Zou
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fengfan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shuyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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16
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Zhang ZZ, Zhang Y, Cheng YF, Jin RC. Linear anionic surfactant (SDBS) destabilized anammox process through sludge disaggregation and metabolic inhibition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123641. [PMID: 33264860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increase of emerging contaminants, such as surfactants, is one of the major challenges to biological wastewater treatment. However, the potential impact of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS), a major class of anionic surfactants, on anammox process is unclear. The long-term effects of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS, as a model LAS) on reactor performance, microbial community and sludge properties were investigated in this study. The presence of 5 mg L-1 SDBS promoted the release of extracellular microbial products from anammox granules and the wash-out of anammox population via effluent. Despite sludge disaggregation, the reactor performance was robust to the exposure of 5 mg L-1 SDBS due to functional redundancy. With the further increase of SDBS to 10 mg L-1, the metabolic activity of anammox biomass and the transcription and post-translation of hydrazine dehydrogenase were significantly decreased. The potential mechanism might be associated with the damage on cell membrane that induced the leakage of intracellular matrix. These results highlight the need to consider the potential risk of LAS to operation of anammox process in biological wastewater treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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17
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Feng C, Lotti T, Canziani R, Lin Y, Tagliabue C, Malpei F. Extracellular biopolymers recovered as raw biomaterials from waste granular sludge and potential applications: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142051. [PMID: 33207449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Granular sludge (GS) is a special self-aggregation biofilm. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are mainly associated with the architectural structure, rheological behaviour and functional stability of fine granules, given that their significance to the physicochemical features of the biomass catalysing the biological purification process. This review targets the EPS excretion from GS and introduces newly identified EPS components, EPS distribution in different granules, how to effectively extract and recover EPS from granules, key parameters affecting EPS production, and the potential applications of EPS-based biomaterials. GS-based EPS components are highly diverse and a series of new contents are highlighted. Due to high diversity, emerging extraction standards are proposed and recovery process is capturing particular attention. The major components of EPS are found to be polysaccharides and proteins, which manifest a larger diversity of relative abundance, structures, physical and chemical characteristics, leading to the possibility to sustainably recover raw materials. EPS-based biomaterials not only act as alternatives to synthetic polymers in several applications but also figure in innovative industrial/environmental applications, including gel-forming materials for paper industry, biosorbents, cement curing materials, and flame retardant materials. In the upcoming years, it is foreseen that productions of EPS-based biomaterials from renewable origins would make a significant contribution to the advancement of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijie Feng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Lotti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Canziani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Yuemei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Camilla Tagliabue
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Malpei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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18
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Zheng Z, Li J, Chen G, Peng Y. Exploring the optimized strategy in the nitritation-anammox biofilm process for treating low ammonium wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124113. [PMID: 32957050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main challenge for achieving the simultaneous nitritation, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process is to optimize the concentrations of nitrite and dissolved oxygen (DO). This study explored the performance of SNAD biofilm reactor under three operational strategies. At Stage 1, 2 and 3, the average concentrations of DO were 0.7, 2.7 and 5.2 mg/L, respectively. The peak concentrations of NO2--N in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) cycle were 5.3, 6.0 and 2.7 mg/L, respectively. The average removal rates of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) were 0.30, 0.42 and 0.22 kg N/m3/d, respectively. Protein (PN) was the dominant extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content on the SNAD biofilm. The PN concentration remained stable while the polysaccharide (PS) concentration changed rapidly under different operational strategies. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that high DO and long aeration period condition could lead to a slight decrease in the abundances of denitrifying bacteria and anammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wastewater Treatment Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Jun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wastewater Treatment Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wastewater Treatment Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wastewater Treatment Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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19
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Gao Y, Li J, Dong H, Qiang Z. Nitrogen removal mechanism of marine anammox bacteria treating nitrogen-laden saline wastewater in response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation: High UV tolerance and microbial community shift. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124325. [PMID: 33157444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress can be naturally overcome by marine anammox bacteria (MAB), while their low growth rate and sensitivity to operational conditions are still challenges for the application of anammox. To enhance the enrichment of MAB and decipher the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on MAB, UV was introduced in the nitrogen removal of MAB treating nitrogen-laden saline wastewater for the first time. The results indicated that MAB were resistant to a fairly high UV-C dose, 12000 mJ/cm2. Their relative abundance was enhanced by 1.2 folds under 12000 mJ/cm2 UV-C. However, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Marinicella were greatly dropped with enhanced UV-C dose. The tolerance mechanism was diversified, e.g. excessive extracellular polymeric substances, special structure of MAB and interspecific competition/cooperation. Although further study was still needed, the findings shed a light on MAB enrichment and exploited great potentials of MAB in nitrogen-laden saline wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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20
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Guo Y, Li YY. Hydroxyapatite crystallization-based phosphorus recovery coupling with the nitrogen removal through partial nitritation/anammox in a single reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 187:116444. [PMID: 32992148 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For digestion effluent treatment, while the anammox-based process has been successfully applied for nitrogen removal, in most cases, phosphorus (P) represents another major concern. In this study, a novel process, integrating the partial nitritation/anammox and hydroxyapatite crystallization (PNA-HAP) in a single airlift reactor, was developed for the simultaneous nitrogen removal and P recovery from synthetic digestion effluent. With a stable influent P concentration of 20.0 mg/L, an HRT of 6 h, and alternating increases of influent calcium and ammonium, the final achieved nitrogen removal rate was 1.2 kg/m3/d and the P removal efficiency was 83.0%. The settleability of sludge was desirably enhanced with the calcium addition and a high biomass concentration was achieved in reactor. Quantitative and qualitative analyses confirmed that HAP was the main inorganic content in sludge, which could be harvested for P recovery. According to the Scanning Electron Microscope observation and the Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis, the microbes were mainly distributed on the outer layer of the sludge aggregate, while the HAP mainly in the interior. The relevant theoretical calculation also revealed that the sludge discharge manipulation has direct effect on the sludge composition and aggregate structure. In sum, the results are evidence of the feasibility of simultaneous nitrogen removal and P recovery through one-stage PNA-HAP process for digestion effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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21
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Lu X, Wang Y, Wang W, Li J, Li B, Huang X. Characteristics of rapid-biofiltering anammox reactor (RBAR) for low nitrogen wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124066. [PMID: 32919287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research provides an important approach for rapid treatment of low nitrogen wastewater through anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), which was realized in a rapid-biofiltering anammox reactor (RBAR). The operation mode of continuous upward flow and gradually shortened hydraulic retention time (HRT) accumulated anammox bacteria effectively in RBAR, where carmine anammox granular sludge and thick biofilm were co-existed, leading the biomass concentration and the specific anammox activity to reach 21.61 gSS/L and 0.82 gN/gVSS·d in the main functional zone. Moreover, the relative abundance of anammox bacteria in the whole reactor was more than 50%, and the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia in the biofilm of 20-47 cm zone reached 71.10%. Results showed that the removal rate and effluent concentration of total nitrogen remained stable at 86.24% and 14.20 mg/L (below 15 mg/L) averagely, under HRT of 32 min when the the nitrogen loading rate was 4.86 kgN/m3·d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenhuai Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Binjuan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
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22
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Wu G, Zhang T, Gu M, Chen Z, Yin Q. Review of characteristics of anammox bacteria and strategies for anammox start-up for sustainable wastewater resource management. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1742-1757. [PMID: 33201840 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater management has experienced different stages, including pollutant removal, resource recovery, and water nexus. Within these stages, anaerobic ammonia oxidation-based biotechnology can be incorporated for nitrogen removal, which can help achieve sustainable wastewater management, such as reclamation and ecologization of wastewater. Here, the physiology, metabolism, reaction kinetics and microbial interactions of anammox bacteria are discussed, and strategies to start-up the anammox system are presented. Anammox bacteria are slow growers with a high doubling time and a low reaction rate. Although most anammox bacteria grow autotrophically, some types can grow mixotrophically. The reaction stoichiometric coefficients can be affected by loading rates and other biological reactions. Microbial interactions also contribute to enhanced biological nitrogen removal and promote activities of anammox bacteria. The start-up of the anammox process is the key aspect for its practical application, which can be realized through seed selection, system stimulation, and biomass concentration enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxue Wu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China E-mail:
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China E-mail:
| | - Mengqi Gu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China E-mail:
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qidong Yin
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China E-mail:
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23
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Zhu XL, Bai YH, Wu J, Xu LZJ, Cheng YF, Fan NS, Jin RC. Whether glycine betaine improves the thermotolerance of mesophilic anammox consortia. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3309-3317. [PMID: 30999824 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1606856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While the application of mesophilic anammox process is currently the state of the art, the feasibility of a thermophilic anammox bioprocess is still unclear. In this study, we investigate whether glycine betaine (GB) addition can enhance the thermotolerance of mesophilic anammox biomass in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors fed with synthetic wastewater at a nitrogen loading of approximately 4 kg N m-3 d-1. The results showed that during a long-term operation at 45°C with GB (0, 0.1, 1, 2 mM) addition, anammox performance became worse with the final effluent concentrations of NO2 -N of 145 ± 11.6 mg L-1 and nitrogen removal efficiency decreased from 92.3-6.9%. Specific anammox activity decreased from 392.1 ± 12.1-6.0 ± 0.8 mg N g-1 VSS d-1, which were not significantly higher than those in the control reactor. The content of heme c showed a stronger downward trend in T1 (with GB addition) than in the control reactor T0. The qPCR results showed that the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia decreased in both the experimental (from 53.5-28.8%) and control reactors (from 54.1-35.1%). Overall, continuous addition of exogenous GB did not improve the thermotolerance of mesophilic anammox consortia at 45°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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24
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Xue Y, Ma H, Kong Z, Guo Y, Li YY. Bulking and floatation of the anammox-HAP granule caused by low phosphate concentration in the anammox reactor of expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123421. [PMID: 32361201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of phosphate concentration on the anammox-HAP process was investigated in this work. A high total nitrogen removal efficiency (>82.6%) and a stable total phosphate removal efficiency (>56.2%) was achieved in reactor with the phosphate concentration over 11.4 mg L-1. However, a phosphate concentration below to 5.7 mg L-1, a floatation of sludge occurred caused the deterioration of process. A new understanding for the floatation was divided into three stages: the stable stage, bulking stage and floating stage. First, anammox biofilm coupled with HAP for granulation in the stable stage. Second, the aggregation of bulking sludge resulted in changes in viscoelastic properties of the sludge. Third, the floatation resulted from unreleasable gas bubbles in the granules wrapped a high concentrations of slime layer proteins. Overall, this paper suggests that a control strategy was a sufficient supply of phosphate for the stable operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Haiyuan Ma
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Zhe Kong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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25
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Ma H, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Kobayashi T, Kubota K, Li YY. Simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery using an anammox expanded reactor operated at 25 °C. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115510. [PMID: 31982794 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While anammox is a cost-effective nitrogen treatment process for wastewater with high nutrient strength, phosphorus remains untouched during this process and needs further treatment. In this study, the nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery were achieved simultaneously at 25 °C using an anammox expanded bed. A stable high nitrogen removal efficiency of 83.7 ± 4.8% at a 1500 mgN/L influent total nitrogen concentration and a phosphorus removal efficiency of 94.2 ± 1.2% at 100 mg P/L influent total phosphorus were obtained during continuous operation. The effects of the nitrogen loading rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, Ca2+ and PO43- concentration on the phosphorus removal was verified in the long-term operation of the reactor. The sludge produced contained a high content of phosphorus mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite (HAP), and the sludge composition strongly reflected the nitrogen and phosphorus loading. The structure of the anammox-HAP composite granules was illustrated by the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Raman spectroscopic mapping analysis. The results in this study indicate that by controlling the operation parameters, it is possible to integrate a high efficiency phosphorus recovery with the anammox process, and significantly reduce the nutrient loading for further wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuro Kobayashi
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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26
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Guo Y, Chen Y, Webeck E, Li YY. Towards more efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery from digestion effluent: Latest developments in the anammox-based process from the application perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122560. [PMID: 31882199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past forty years, anammox-based processes have been extensively researched and applied to some extent. However, some of the long-standing problems present serious impediments to wide application of these processes, and knowledge gap between lab-scale research and full-scale operations is still considerable. In recent years, anammox-based research has developed rapidly and some emerging concepts have been proposed. The focus of this review is on the critical problems facing actual application of anammox processes. The latest developments in anammox-based processes are summarized, and particular consideration is given to the following aspects: (1) the evolution of the chemical stoichiometry of anammox reaction; (2) the status of several main anammox-based processes; (3) the critical problems and countermeasures; (4) the emerging anammox-based processes; and (5) the suggested optimal process integrating partial nitritation, anammox, hydroxyapatite crystallization and denitratation for digestion effluent treatment towards more efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Webeck
- Department of Metallurgy, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980 8579, Japan.
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27
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Wang X, Yang R, Zhang Z, Wu J, Chen S. Mass balance and bacterial characteristics in an in-situ full-scale swine wastewater treatment system occurring anammox process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:122005. [PMID: 31442838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A spontaneous development of full-scale anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process was seldom reported, and its operational parameters could supply references in actual applications. This engineered case indicated that anammox process was suitable for treating relatively high-strength ammonium and organics wastewater due to niche differentiation of biofilm. Results of isotope labelling showed that anammox contributed approximately 40% to N-loss in aerobic unit, but this value increased to 78.3% in anoxic tank. Mass balance showed that N-removal via anammox and denitrification pathways were 38.1 and 23.9 g m-3 d-1, and anammox rate was 1.6 times higher than denitrifiaction. The wild-type anammox granules had a high purity, with anammox accounting for 92.2%. Candidatus Brocadia was the predominant species. Mixing sludge had a higher oxygen tolerance compared with granules, although the latter had a higher anammox activity under anaerobic conditions. Moreover, physicochemical precipitation on the surface of granules may be related to granulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ruili Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoji Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Junbin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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28
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Lin L, Zhang Y, Beckman M, Cao W, Ouyang T, Wang S, Li YY. Process optimization of anammox-driven hydroxyapatite crystallization for simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121779. [PMID: 31310868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on the requirements for advanced treatment and resource recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in wastewater, the coupled anammox and hydroxyapatite crystallization (anammox-HAP) process was studied with an aim of achieving high efficiency and low energy consumption during simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In the long-term experiments and batch tests, the effects of substrate conditions (nitrogen and phosphorus load, calcium concentration, etc.) on the nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery efficiencies were investigated. The granular structure and crystal properties were analyzed together with microscopic characterization methods, and the formation mechanism of coupled anammox-HAP granules was verified. Based on these experiments, a theoretical model and technical method for realizing the coupled process were established, and a reference for practical engineering application was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Markus Beckman
- Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Paradisgatan 2, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wenzhi Cao
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Tong Ouyang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Shaopo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, 26# Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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29
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Xu LZJ, Wu J, Xia WJ, Jin LY, Zhao YH, Fan NS, Huang BC, Jin RC. Adaption and restoration of anammox biomass to Cd(II) stress: Performance, extracellular polymeric substance and microbial community. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121766. [PMID: 31302464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) can cause the deterioration of biological systems through inhibiting the enzymes activity and disturbing the microbial metabolism. Although the influence of Cd on conventional wastewater treatment process has been studied, the response of anammox to Cd exposure still remains unclear. This study firstly investigated the adaption and restoration of anammox biomass to Cd(II) stress. Results showed that long-term exposure of anammox bacteria to 2 mg L-1 Cd(II) was beneficial for the reactor performance, while 5 mg L-1 Cd(II) would cause the decline of SAA, extracellular polymeric substance content and relative abundance of Candidatus kuenenia by 40%, 25% and 31%, respectively. Furthermore, these indexes could approximately recover to the initial status after withdrawing Cd(II) from the influent. Overall, the anammox biomass exhibited a certain adaption and restoration ability to the suppression of Cd(II). This study may provide key valuable information for the biological treatment of wastewater containing Cd(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Lu-Yang Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yi-Hong Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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30
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Xu LZJ, Xia WJ, Yu MJ, Wu WX, Chen C, Huang BC, Fan NS, Jin RC. Merely inoculating anammox sludge to achieve the start-up of anammox and autotrophic desulfurization-denitrification process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:374-381. [PMID: 31125751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Anammox and autotrophic desulfurization-denitrification (AADD) process is feasible for the nitrogen and sulfide removal in the same reactor, and the influence of excess nitrate produced by anammox could also be alleviated simultaneously. This study firstly proposed a novel strategy with inoculating single anammox sludge to start up the AADD process. Results demonstrated that the 90% nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE), 2.55kgm-3 d-1 nitrogen removal rate (NRR), and 95% sulfide removal efficiency (SRE) were obtained at the influent total nitrogen of 280mgL-1 and sulfide of 221.5mgL-1, and the final effluent nitrate concentration was as low as 8mgL-1 under the appropriate operation conditions. Tryptophan-like and protein-like substances were characterized as the main components in bound EPS. Thiobacillus (35.68%) and Pseudoxanthomonas (11.61%) were identified as the predominant genera. This study will pave a potential avenue to promote the treatment of high concentration nitrogen and sulfide in wastewater in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Min-Jie Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Wan-Xiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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31
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Cheng YF, Zhang ZZ, Li GF, Zhu BQ, Zhang Q, Liu YY, Zhu WQ, Fan NS, Jin RC. Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on high-rate denitrifying granular sludge and the role of phosphate in toxicity attenuation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:166-174. [PMID: 31078088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing release of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) from consumer products has raised great concerns about their impacts on biological wastewater treatment. In this study, the widely-used ZnO NP was selected as a model NP to investigate its impact on high-rate denitrifying granular sludge in terms of sludge properties and community structure. A hormesis effect was observed during short-term exposure, in which the specific denitrification activity (SDA) was stimulated by 10% at 1 mg L-1 ZnO NPs, but inhibited by 23% at 5.0 mg L-1 ZnO NPs. When continuously exposed to 2.5 mg L-1 ZnO NPs, the nitrogen removal capacity of the denitrification reactor was nearly deprived within 15 days, and the relative abundance of the dominant denitrifying bacterium (Castellaniella) was decreased from 51.0 to 8.0%. Meanwhile, the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and the content of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) significantly decreased to 22.3 and 61.1%, respectively. Nevertheless, the presence of phosphate substantially weakened the adverse effects of ZnO NPs on the SDA, EPS, DHA and the relative abundance of functional genes even exposed to 6.25 mg L-1 ZnO NPs, which was associated with the fact that the level of Zn(II) released from ZnO NPs was significantly reduced in the presence of phosphate. Therefore, the toxicity of ZnO NPs may be mainly attributed to the release of toxic Zn(II) and could be attenuated in the presence of phosphate. Overall, this study provided further reference and meaningful insights into the impact of engineered NPs on biological wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Gui-Feng Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Bing-Qian Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ying-Yi Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Wei-Qin Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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Chen QQ, Xu LZJ, Zhang ZZ, Sun FQ, Shi ZJ, Huang BC, Fan NS, Jin RC. Insight into the short- and long-term effects of quinoline on anammox granules: Inhibition and acclimatization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1294-1301. [PMID: 30360261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The short- and long-term influence of quinoline on the properties of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biogranules was evaluated. During batch tests, the bioactivity of anammox granules in the presence of different quinoline concentrations was monitored, and the IC50 of quinoline was calculated to be 13.1 mg L-1 using a non-competitive inhibition model. The response of anammox granules to pre-exposure to quinoline was dependent on metabolic status, and the presence of both quinoline and NO2--N had a rapid detrimental effect, resulting in a 64.5% decrease within 12 h. During continuous-flow experiments, the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of the reactor decreased sharply within 3 days in the presence of 10 mg L-1 quinoline and then was restored to 2.6 kg N m-3 d-1. In the presence of quinoline-induced stress, the specific anammox activity and levels of extracellular polymeric substance and heme c were decreased, while settling velocity persistently increased. After cultivation and acclimation obtained by adding a medium level of quinoline to the influent, the anammox granule sludge was able to tolerate 10 mg L-1 quinoline in 178 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zao-Zao Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Fan-Qi Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Chen Z, Meng Y, Sheng B, Zhou Z, Jin C, Meng F. Linking Exoproteome Function and Structure to Anammox Biofilm Development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1490-1500. [PMID: 30615829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular proteins are of paramount importance in the cell-cell interactions of anammox biofilms. However, the inherent aggregation mechanisms of anammox have largely remained elusive. Herein, using a quartz sand extraction protocol and follow-up iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics, we identified 367 extracellular proteins from initial colonizers, mature biofilm, and detached biofilm. The extracellular proteins were mainly membrane-associated. Most of the recovered proteins (226, 72.5%) originated from the phylum Planctomycetes. In summary, 215 and 190 of the 367 proteins recovered were up- and/or downregulated at least 1.2-fold during the biofilm formation and detachment periods, respectively. These differentially expressed proteins were dominantly involved in metal ion binding, which was regarded as strong evidence for their abilities to enhance ionic bridges in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis of the biofilms further showed substantial levels of calcium and iron minerals. Critically, representative Sec-dependent secretory proteins affiliated with coccoid Planctomycetes, rod-shaped Proteobacteria, and filamentous Chloroflexi (11, 4, and 2 with differential expression, respectively) were found to have typical and abundant inner β-sheet structures, wherein hydrophobic moieties can promote anammox aggregation. Overall, these findings highlight links between differentially expressed protein functions and morphologic traits of anammox consortia during biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
| | - Yabing Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
| | - Binbin Sheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
| | - Zhongbo Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) , Guangzhou 510275 , P.R. China
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Zhang ZZ, Ji YX, Cheng YF, Xu LZJ, Jin RC. Increased salinity improves the thermotolerance of mesophilic anammox consortia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:710-716. [PMID: 29990918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While the application of anammox-based process for mesophilic sidestream treatment is at present the state of the art and mainstream treatment at ambient temperature is also in development, the feasibility of thermophilic anammox process is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of salinity on the thermotolerance of mesophilic anammox sludge. In batch activity tests, 45 °C seems to be the critical temperature for the tolerance of mesophilic anammox consortia without acclimatization or amendments. The optimal anammox activity at 40, 42.5, and 45 °C can be achieved with the amendment of salt at 5-8, 8-10, and ~12 g NaCl L-1, respectively. However, this improvement effect was limited at 50 °C or when the shock duration was longer than 24 h even at 45 °C. In continuous-flow bioreactors, mesophilic anammox consortia could gradually adapt to 40-50 °C under a transition of 2.5 °C, and the performance was enhanced by an increase in salinity, which may be associated with the increase in extracellular polymeric substances. A nitrogen removal rate of 0.53 kgN m-3 d-1 was finally obtained at 50 °C. Overall, these interesting results facilitate further opportunities for thermophilic anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yu-Xin Ji
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Eskicioglu C, Galvagno G, Cimon C. Approaches and processes for ammonia removal from side-streams of municipal effluent treatment plants. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:797-810. [PMID: 30017364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this review article is to provide a comprehensive view on various conventional and emerging side-stream ammonia removal treatment options for municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Optimization of wastewater treatment facilities from an energy and emissions stand-point necessitates consideration of the impact of the various internal side-streams. Side-streams from anaerobic sludge digesters in particular have the potential to be a significant ammonium load to the mainstream treatment process. However, the literature suggests that managing side-streams through their treatment in the mainstream process is not the most energy efficient approach, nor does it allow for practical recovery of nutrients. Furthermore, as effluent criteria become more stringent in some jurisdictions and sludge hydrolysis pre-treatment for digesters more common, an understanding of treatment options for ammonia in digester supernatant becomes more important. Given these considerations, a variety of side-stream treatment processes described in the literature are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Eskicioglu
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Ave., Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Giampiero Galvagno
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Ave., Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Caroline Cimon
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Ave., Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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Zhang ZZ, Cheng YF, Xu LZJ, Wu J, Bai YH, Xu JJ, Shi ZJ, Jin RC. Discrepant effects of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on anammox sludge properties: A comparison between Cu and CuO nanoparticles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:507-515. [PMID: 30005413 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) show differences in antimicrobial activity due to different chemical and physical properties. Using copper as a representative example, this study compared the NP effects on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria in wastewater treatment. Long-term exposure to 5 mgCu L-1 CuNPs reduced the physiological activity and abundance of anammox bacteria, thereby causing deterioration of reactor performance. However, anammox granules exhibited stronger resistance and resilience to perturbation by 1-160 mgCu L-1 CuONPs, and no adverse effects on performance were observed. Moreover, the level of Cu(II) released from NPs in the influent exhibited good correlations with variations of the community structure and sludge properties. Therefore, the effects of Cu-based NPs on anammox sludge properties are dependent on their forms and levels, and their discrepant effects are partially attributed to their ability to release ionic copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yu-Hui Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jia-Jia Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Nitrogen removal performance and microbial community structure in the start-up and substrate inhibition stages of an anammox reactor. J Biosci Bioeng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kowalski MS, Devlin TR, Oleszkiewicz JA. Start-up and long-term performance of anammox moving bed biofilm reactor seeded with granular biomass. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:481-486. [PMID: 29501885 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Availability of granular anammox sludge is much higher than biofilm seed carriers and the sludge is easier to transport. This paper describes and investigates a formation of mature anammox biofilm originated from granular sludge and proves that an anammox moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) can be easily and quickly started-up by seeding with granular sludge. The reactor was fed with synthetic wastewater containing ammonium and nitrite. Successful start-up was completed in as little as 50 days when TN removal increased to more than 80%. Surface nitrogen loading rate during start-up was equal to 0.75 g m-2 d and was stepwise increased up to 5.3 g m-2 d. Biofilm thickness reached 1269 ± 444 μm at the end of the study with specific anammox activity of 22.0 ± 2.1 mg N g-1 VSS h. This study shows that granular biomass can be transitioned to a biofilm relatively easily which opens a new window of opportunity for starting-up anammox MBBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej S Kowalski
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Tanner R Devlin
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jan A Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Zhang W, Wang D, Jin Y. Effects of inorganic carbon on the nitrous oxide emissions and microbial diversity of an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:124-130. [PMID: 29161571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic carbon (IC) is important for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). In this study, the effects of the IC concentration on N2O emissions and microbial diversity in an anammox reactor were investigated. N2O emissions were positively correlated with IC concentrations, and IC concentrations in the range of 55-130 mg/L were optimal, considering the nitrogen removal rate and N2O emissions. High IC concentrations resulted in the formation of CaCO3 on the surface of anammox granules, which impacted the diffusion conditions of the substrate. Microbial community analysis indicated that high IC concentrations decreased the populations of specific bacteria, such as Achromobacter spanius strain YJART-7, Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain IHB B 6801, and Denitratisoma oestradiolicum clone 20b_15. D. oestradiolicum clone 20b_15 appeared to be the key contributor to N2O emissions. High N2O emissions may result from changes in organic carbon sources, which lead to denitrification by D. oestradiolicum clone 20b_15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Dunqiu Wang
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yue Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Energy and Building Energy Saving, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
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Shi ZJ, Guo Q, Xu YQ, Wu D, Liao SM, Zhang FY, Zhang ZZ, Jin RC. Mass transfer characteristics, rheological behavior and fractal dimension of anammox granules: The roles of upflow velocity and temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:117-124. [PMID: 28779662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the mass transfer, rheological behavior and fractal dimension of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granules in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors at various temperatures (8.5-34.5°C) and upflow velocities (0.06, 0.18mh-1) were investigated. The results demonstrated that a lower temperature increased the external mass transfer coefficient and apparent viscosity and impaired the performance of anammox granules. The external mass transfer coefficient was decreased, but efficient nitrogen removal of up to 96% was achieved under high upflow velocity, which also decreased the apparent viscosity. Furthermore, a fractal dimension of up to 2.93 achieved at low temperature was higher than the previously reported values for mesophilic anammox granules. A higher upflow velocity was associated with the lower fractal dimension. Because of the disturbance in granule flaking, the effectiveness factor was less suitable than the external mass transfer coefficient for characterization of mass transfer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Qiong Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yi-Qun Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Si-Mo Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Fu-Yue Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Zhang ZZ, Xu JJ, Shi ZJ, Cheng YF, Ji ZQ, Deng R, Jin RC. Combined impacts of nanoparticles on anammox granules and the roles of EDTA and S 2- in attenuation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 334:49-58. [PMID: 28399429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the risk of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) to biological wastewater treatment have primarily tested NPs individually; however, limited data are available on the impact of NPs on the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process. In this study, the toxicity of CuNPs on anammox granules was investigated individually and in combination with CuONPs or ZnONPs. Exposure to CuNPs at 5mgg-1 suspended solids (SS) decreased the anammox activity to 47.1±8.5%, increased the lactate dehydrogenase level to 110.5±3.4% and increased the extracellular N2H4 concentration by 16-fold but did not cause oxidative stress. The presence of CuONPs or ZnONPs at 5mgg-1 SS did not significantly aggravate or alleviate the toxicity of the CuNPs; however, the introduction of EDTA or S2- could attenuate the adverse effects of the CuNPs, CuONPs and ZnONPs on the anammox granules. EDTA captured Cu ions, whereas S2- shielded and deactivated Cu ions and passivated CuNPs. Therefore, our results indicated that the toxicity of NPs was dependent on the amount of active metal reaching the anammox cells. Overall, the results of this study have filled knowledge gaps and provided insights into the combined toxicity of NPs on anammox biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jia-Jia Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zheng-Quan Ji
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Rui Deng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Zhang ZZ, Xu JJ, Shi ZJ, Cheng YF, Ji ZQ, Deng R, Jin RC. Short-term impacts of Cu, CuO, ZnO and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on anammox sludge: CuNPs make a difference. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 235:281-291. [PMID: 28371766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has posed an emerging challenge to wastewater treatment processes. The short-term impacts of CuNPs, CuONPs, ZnONPs and AgNPs on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process were investigated firstly in this study. CuONPs, ZnONPs and AgNPs up to 50mgg-1 suspended solid (SS) did not affect anammox activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or cell membrane integrity. However, 1.25mgg-1SS CuNPs significantly inhibited the anammox activity and the loads that caused 50% inhibition were 4.64±1.24 and 3.27±0.79mgg-1SS for anammox granules and flocs, respectively. 5mgg-1SS CuNPs caused serious accumulation of the toxic intermediate N2H4. Furthermore, CuNPs interacted with extracellular polymeric substances by specifically bonding to tyrosine or tryptophan-containing groups, C-O-C in polysaccharides and -OH in polymeric compounds. Therefore, this study calls for more attention to the risks of NPs to the anammox-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jia-Jia Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zheng-Quan Ji
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Rui Deng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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44
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Leix C, Drewes JE, Koch K. The role of residual quantities of suspended sludge on nitrogen removal efficiency in a deammonifying moving bed biofilm reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:212-218. [PMID: 27494102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system, the vast majority of biomass is immobilized as biofilm besides small amounts of suspension. In this study, the influence of the individual biomass components of a deammonifying MBBR, the biofilm on carriers (BC), residual suspended biomass (SB) with a volatile suspended solids concentration of 0.09±0.03g/L, and its combination (BC+SB) on nitrogen removal efficiency was investigated. While the performance was highest for BC+SB (0.42kgN/(m(3)·d)), it was reduced by a factor of 3.5 for BC solely. SB itself was only capable of nitrite accumulation. This suggests a high abundance of AOBs within suspension besides the coexistence of AOBs and anammox bacteria in the biofilm, which could be supported by results using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH). Thus, small amounts of suspended microorganisms can positively influence the deammonification's efficiency. If this fraction is partially washed out, the system recovers nevertheless within hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Leix
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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