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Arora R, Singh P, Sarangi PK, Kumar S, Chandel AK. A critical assessment on scalable technologies using high solids loadings in lignocellulose biorefinery: challenges and solutions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:218-235. [PMID: 36592989 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2151409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The pretreatment and the enzymatic saccharification are the key steps in the extraction of fermentable sugars for further valorization of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) to biofuels and value-added products via biochemical and/or chemical conversion routes. Due to low density and high-water absorption capacity of LCB, the large volume of water is required for its processing. Integration of pretreatment, saccharification, and co-fermentation has succeeded and well-reported in the literature. However, there are only few reports on extraction of fermentable sugars from LCB with high biomass loading (>10% Total solids-TS) feasible to industrial reality. Furthermore, the development of enzymatic cocktails can overcome technology hurdles with high biomass loading. Hence, a better understanding of constraints involved in the development of technology with high biomass loading can result in an economical and efficient yield of fermentable sugars for the production of biofuels and bio-chemicals with viable titer, rate, and yield (TRY) at industrial scale. The present review aims to provide a critical assessment on the production of fermentable sugars from lignocelluloses with high solid biomass loading. The impact of inhibitors produced during both pretreatment and saccharification has been elucidated. Moreover, the limitations imposed by high solid loading on efficient mass transfer during saccharification process have been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Arora
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Poonam Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | | | - Sachin Kumar
- Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy, Kapurthala, India
| | - Anuj K Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
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2
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High Solid and Low Cellulase Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cardoon Stems Pretreated by Acidified Γ-Valerolactone/Water Solution. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15072600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a nonedible matrix that can be efficiently exploited as feedstock in an integrated biorefinery after a proper pretreatment. An organosolv pretreatment using an acidified γ-valerolactone (GVL)/water solution was proposed to improve the cellulose enrichment and enzymatic saccharification of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) stems. At the optimal pretreatment condition (140 °C, 0.6 GVL/water, and 2.24% H2SO4), xylan was efficiently removed from the cardoon, and up to 50% of its content was recovered in the aqueous fraction, while 86% of the cellulose was retained in the solid fraction. The resulting cardoon pulp showed a cellulose content of 91.5% and an enzymatic digestibility of 100%. An overall glucose production of 37.17 g/100 g raw material (90% theoretical maximum) was obtained using high solid loading (20% w/w) and a high enzyme dosage (60 FPU/g cellulose). At a low enzyme dosage, glucose concentrations of 169 g/L and 210 g/L were achieved using 10 FPU/g cellulose and 20 FPU/g cellulose, respectively. Therefore, an organosolv pretreatment can be an effective process for producing cellulose-enriched pulp with enhanced enzymatic digestibility from cardoon stems, providing a promising option for green lignocellulosic biorefineries that aim to produce high concentrations of glucose with low cellulase addition.
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Byun J, Han J. Environmental analysis of bioethanol production strategies from corn stover via enzymatic and nonenzymatic sugar production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 328:124808. [PMID: 33609887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two different technological process configurations for producing bioethanol from corn stover, namely, enzymatic hydrolysis for sugar production followed by fermentation (P1) and nonenzymatic chemical hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation (P2), were analyzed by a rigorous life cycle assessment. Three environmental impact categories (climate change (CC), fossil depletion (FD), and air pollutant (AP)) were estimated for the both process configurations on a system level. The "best-practice" case with a real scenario of the United States of America indicates that P2 is the most promising strategy from the perspectives of CC, FD, and AP. Considerable savings were achieved by P2: 1.34 kg CO2-eq/gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE) for CC, 0.12 MJ/GGE for FD, and 0.24-0.94 g particle matters/GGE for AP. The robustness of the environmental impact results was validated by a scenario uncertainty analysis, and its results indicated that the corn stover composition is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Byun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehoon Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Abdou Alio M, Tugui OC, Rusu L, Pons A, Vial C. Hydrolysis and fermentation steps of a pretreated sawmill mixed feedstock for bioethanol production in a wood biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123412. [PMID: 32361645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of second-generation bioethanol production using for the first time a sawmill mixed feedstock comprising four softwood species, representative of biomass resource in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region (France). The feedstock was subjected to a microwave-assisted water/ethanol Organosolv pretreatment. The investigation focused on enzymatic hydrolysis of this pretreated sawmill feedstock (PSF) using Cellic® Ctec2 as the enzyme, followed by fermentation of the resulting sugar solution using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. The cellulose-rich PSF with 71% w/w cellulose content presented high saccharification yields (up to 80%), which made it perfect for subsequent fermentation; this yield was predicted vs. time up to 5.2% w/v PSF loading using a mathematical model fitted only on data at 1.5%. Finally, high PSF loading (7.5%) and scaleup were shown to impair the saccharification yield, but alcoholic fermentation could still be carried out up to 80% of the theoretical glucose-to-ethanol conversion yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarouf Abdou Alio
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Oana-Cristina Tugui
- University "Vasile Alecsandri" of Bacău, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Bacău, Romania
| | - Lacramioara Rusu
- University "Vasile Alecsandri" of Bacău, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Bacău, Romania
| | - Agnès Pons
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Vial
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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da Silva AS, Espinheira RP, Teixeira RSS, de Souza MF, Ferreira-Leitão V, Bon EPS. Constraints and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: a critical review. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:58. [PMID: 32211072 PMCID: PMC7092515 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvements in both capital and operational costs, making the process more economically feasible. However, this approach still poses several technical hindrances that impact the process efficiency, known as the "high-solids effect" (i.e., the decrease in glucan conversion yields as solids load increases). The purpose of this review was to present the findings on the main limitations and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in an updated and comprehensive manner. The causes for the rheological limitations at the onset of the high-solids operation as well as those influencing the "high-solids effect" will be discussed. The subject of water constraint, which results in a highly viscous system and impairs mixing, and by extension, mass and heat transfer, will be analyzed under the perspective of the limitations imposed to the action of the cellulolytic enzymes. The "high-solids effect" will be further discussed vis-à-vis enzymes end-product inhibition and the inhibitory effect of compounds formed during the biomass pretreatment as well as the enzymes' unproductive adsorption to lignin. This review also presents the scientific and technological advances being introduced to lessen high-solids hydrolysis hindrances, such as the development of more efficient enzyme formulations, biomass and enzyme feeding strategies, reactor and impeller designs as well as process strategies to alleviate the end-product inhibition. We surveyed the academic literature in the form of scientific papers as well as patents to showcase the efforts on technological development and industrial implementation of the use of lignocellulosic materials as renewable feedstocks. Using a critical approach, we expect that this review will aid in the identification of areas with higher demand for scientific and technological efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Sant’Ana da Silva
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Roberta Pereira Espinheira
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sposina Sobral Teixeira
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Marcella Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viridiana Ferreira-Leitão
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Elba P. S. Bon
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
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The role of enzyme adsorption in the enzymatic degradation of an aliphatic polyester. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 120:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Enhancing enzyme-aided production of fermentable sugars from poplar pulp in the presence of non-ionic surfactants. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1133-1142. [PMID: 29700656 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Addition of surfactants to enzymatic hydrolysis has been reported to enhance the hydrolytic potential of enzymes in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of four non-ionic surfactants (PEG4000, PEG8000, TitronX-100, and Tween80) on the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated poplar using a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic® CTec2). Statistical discriminant analysis at four variable factors (surfactant type, surfactant concentration, hydrolysis time, and substrate consistency) revealed that enzymatic hydrolysis was significantly enhanced in the presence of PEG4000, with 19.2% increase in glucose yield over control without surfactant, whereas ANOVA test indicated substrate consistency and hydrolysis time as the most significant factors (P < 0.05). Hydrolysis of poplar pulp at 5% w/w pulp consistency with CTec2 in presence of 1% w/w PEG4000 produced the highest glucose yield of 58.5% after 96 h reaction time.
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de la Torre I, Ravelo M, Segarra S, Tortajada M, Santos VE, Ladero M. Study on the effects of several operational variables on the enzymatic batch saccharification of orange solid waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:906-915. [PMID: 28931207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, batch enzyme-aided extraction and enzymatic saccharification of blade-milled orange waste was studied. The operation variables for this process were thoroughly analysed. It was determined that batch runs with initial pH values of 5.0 and 5.2 controlled during the first hour, 50°C and 300-500r.p.m. agitation resulted in the best yields, with a limited total and partial first-order enzyme deactivation (for cellulases and polygalacturonidase, respectively). Orange peel waste (OPW) at 6.7% w/w dry solid, 0.22 filter paper units (FPU)/g DS and proportional activities of other enzymes led to over 40g/L free monosaccharides and global yields to glucose over 80%. When using 10.1% w/w DS in these conditions, glucose yield was 63%, with total monosaccharide concentration on top of 50g/L. Similar concentrations were obtained by additional partial drying of OPW to 60% humidity at DS/L ratios near 7.5% (glucose yield >80%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel de la Torre
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marianela Ravelo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Segarra
- BIOPOLIS, S.L., Parc Científic Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- BIOPOLIS, S.L., Parc Científic Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria E Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ladero
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Orange juice production generates a very high quantity of residues (Orange Peel Waste or OPW-50–60% of total weight) that can be used for cattle feed as well as feedstock for the extraction or production of essential oils, pectin and nutraceutics and several monosaccharides by saccharification, inversion and enzyme-aided extraction. As in all solid wastes, simple pretreatments can enhance these processes. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatments and knife milling have been analyzed with enzyme saccharification at different dry solid contents as the selection test: simple knife milling seemed more appropriate, as no added pretreatment resulted in better final glucose yields. A Taguchi optimization study on dry solid to liquid content and the composition of the enzymatic cocktail was undertaken. The amounts of enzymatic preparations were set to reduce their impact on the economy of the process; however, as expected, the highest amounts resulted in the best yields to glucose and other monomers. Interestingly, the highest content in solid to liquid (11.5% on dry basis) rendered the best yields. Additionally, in search for process economy with high yields, operational conditions were set: medium amounts of hemicellulases, polygalacturonases and β-glucosidases. Finally, a fractal kinetic modelling of results for all products from the saccharification process indicated very high activities resulting in the liberation of glucose, fructose and xylose, and very low activities to arabinose and galactose. High activity on pectin was also observed, but, for all monomers liberated initially at a fast rate, high hindrances appeared during the saccharification process.
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Tervasmäki P, Sotaniemi V, Kangas J, Taskila S, Ojamo H, Tanskanen J. A discretized model for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in a fed-batch process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 227:112-124. [PMID: 28013127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, several phenomena have been proposed to cause a decrease in the reaction rate with increasing conversion. The importance of each phenomenon is difficult to distinguish from batch hydrolysis data. Thus, kinetic models for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose often suffer from poor parameter identifiability. This work presents a model that is applicable to fed-batch hydrolysis by discretizing the substrate based on the feeding time. Different scenarios are tested to explain the observed decrease in reaction rate with increasing conversion, and comprehensive assessment of the parameter sensitivities is carried out. The proposed model performed well in the broad range of experimental conditions used in this study and when compared to literature data. Furthermore, the use of data from fed-batch experiments and discretization of the model substrate to populations was found to be very informative when assessing the importance of the rate-decreasing phenomena in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Tervasmäki
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulun yliopisto, Finland.
| | - Ville Sotaniemi
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Jani Kangas
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Sanna Taskila
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Heikki Ojamo
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Juha Tanskanen
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulun yliopisto, Finland
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Duan C, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Ni Y. Fractionation and cellulase treatment for enhancing the properties of kraft-based dissolving pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:439-444. [PMID: 27815045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a combined process involving pulp fractionation and cellulase treatment of each fraction for improving the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and reactivity of a kraft-based dissolving pulp. Three pulp fractions, namely long-fiber, mid-fiber and short-fiber fractions (LF, MF and SF, respectively), were used as the substrates. The results showed that the SF had the highest accessibility, lowest viscosity, and highest cellulase adsorption capacity, while the opposite was true for the LF. At a given viscosity, the combined process led to a lower polydispersity index (3.71 vs 4.98) and a higher Fock reactivity (85.6% vs 76.3%), in comparison to the conventional single-stage cellulase treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Duan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Xinqi Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - YanLing Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
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12
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Xiang Y, Xiang Y, Wang L. Cobalt-60 gamma-ray irradiation pretreatment and sludge protein for enhancing enzymatic saccharification of hybrid poplar sawdust. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 221:9-14. [PMID: 27631888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the enzymatic saccharification of hybrid poplar sawdust, gamma irradiation pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of sludge protein were investigated. The cellulose crystallinity index were significantly decreased after irradiation pretreatment, and adding sludge protein improved enzyme activity and increased the reducing sugar yield. The conditions of irradiation pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of sludge protein were systematically examined. The maximum reducing sugar yield was 519mg/g under an irradiation dose of 300kGy, a sludge protein dosage of 2mg/mL, an enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 45°C, an enzymatic hydrolysis time of 84h, and a 90FPU/g enzyme loading. This work indicated that the combined method of gamma irradiation pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of sludge protein was a promising potential for the saccharification of hybrid poplar sawdust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yuxiu Xiang
- Department of Management Engineering, Qiqihar Institute of Engineering, Qiqihar 161005, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lipeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi Province, China
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Wojtusik M, Zurita M, Villar JC, Ladero M, Garcia-Ochoa F. Enzymatic saccharification of acid pretreated corn stover: Empirical and fractal kinetic modelling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:110-116. [PMID: 27566519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover was studied at agitation speeds from 50 to 500rpm in a stirred tank bioreactor, at high solid concentrations (20% w/w dry solid/suspension), 50°C and 15.5mgprotein·gglucane(-1). Two empirical kinetic models have been fitted to empirical data, namely: a potential model and a fractal one. For the former case, the global order dramatically decreases from 13 to 2 as agitation speed increases, suggesting an increment in the access of enzymes to cellulose in terms of chemisorption followed by hydrolysis. For its part, the fractal kinetic model fits better to data, showing its kinetic constant a constant augmentation with increasing agitation speed up to a constant value at 250rpm and above, when mass transfer limitations are overcome. In contrast, the fractal exponent decreases with rising agitation speed till circa 0.19, suggesting higher accessibility of enzymes to the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wojtusik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauricio Zurita
- Abengoa Research, Campus de Palmas Altas, 41014 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan C Villar
- Laboratory of Cellulose and Paper, INIA, Forest Research Center, Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ladero
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Felix Garcia-Ochoa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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