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Xu C, Luo C, Du J, Liu L, Wang J, Yuan C, Guo J. Structure characteristics and combustion kinetics of the co-pyrolytic char of rice straw and coal gangue. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16320. [PMID: 39009811 PMCID: PMC11250811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Co-combustion is a technology that enables the simultaneous and efficient utilization of biomass and coal gangue (CG). Nevertheless, the factors that affect the combustibility of co-pyrolytic char, which represents the rate-determining step of the entire co-combustion process, remain unclear. This study investigates the impact of the physicochemical properties of co-pyrolytic char, including pore structure, carbon structure, and alkali metals, on the combustion characteristics. The TGA analysis indicates that the ignition and burnout temperatures of the co-pyrolytic char increase as the CG mixing ratio increases, resulting in a prolonged combustion. This is due to the fact that the carbon structure of the co-pyrolytic char becomes increasingly aromatic, accompanied by a reduction in aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing groups as the CG mixing ratio increases. Furthermore, the high ash content of the CG is another significant factor contributing to the observed reduction in combustibility. The reaction between mullite, quartz in CG, and alkali metals in biomass results in the formation of aluminosilicate, which reduces the catalytic ability of alkali metals. Furthermore, the char combustion kinetics are analyzed by the KAS method, and the results indicate that the introduction of CG increases the activation energy of the entire char combustion process. The activation energy of the 80RS20CG is within the range of 102.22-164.99 kJ/mol, while the RS char is within the range of 89.87-144.67 kJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Xu
- School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Environmental-Friendly Materials and Ecological Remediation, Nanning, 530006, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengjia Luo
- School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Du
- School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, Guangxi, China
| | - Lang Liu
- School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Carbon Neutrality, Nanning, 530006, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, Guangxi, China
| | - Chenhong Yuan
- School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, Guangxi, China
| | - Junjiang Guo
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003, Guizhou, China
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Tsai CY, Peng YP, Lin CH, Chen KF, Lai CH, Qiu PH. Seasonal Disparities of Human Health Risk and Particle-Bound Metal Characteristics Associated with Atmospheric Particles in a Fishery Harbor. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 85:438-450. [PMID: 37910195 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of atmospheric pollution from ship emissions have been considered for several harbors worldwide. The health risk assessment and source apportionment of particle-bound metals in a fishery harbor were investigated in this study. The most abundant metal elements in particulate matter (PM) on all sampling days in three seasons were Fe (280.94 ± 136.93 ng/m3), Al (116.40 ± 71.25 ng/m3), and Zn (110.55 ± 26.70 ng/m3). The ratios of V/Ni were 1.44 ± 0.31, 1.48 ± 0.09 and 1.87 ± 0.06 in PM10, PM2.5, and PM1, respectively. Meanwhile, the ratios higher than 1 indicated that fuel oil combustion from ship emission in fishery harbor. The highest deposits of total particle-bound metals in the human respiratory tract were in the head airway (HA), accounting for 76.77 ± 2.29% of the total particle-bound metal concentration, followed by 5.32 ± 0.13% and 2.53 ± 0.15% in the alveolar region (AR) and tracheobronchial (TB) region, respectively. The total cancer risk (CR) of inhalation exposure to local residents exceeded 10-6. Mean total CR values followed the sequence: autumn (1.24 × 10-4) > winter (8.53 × 10-5) > spring (2.77 × 10-6). Source apportionment of related metal emissions was mobile pollution emissions (vehicle/boat) (37.10-48.92%), metal fumes of arc welding exhaust (19.68-34.42%), spray-painting process (12.34-16.24%), combustion emissions (6.32-13.12%), and metal machining processes (9.04-16.31%) in Singda fishing harbor. These results suggest that proper control of heavy metals from each potential source in fishing harbor areas should be carried out to reduce the carcinogenic risk of adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Tsai
- Institute of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ping Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632301, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Fan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, 545, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Lai
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632301, Taiwan.
| | - Pin-Hao Qiu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632301, Taiwan
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3
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Ullah H, Lun L, Rashid A, Zada N, Chen B, Shahab A, Li P, Ali MU, Lin S, Wong MH. A critical analysis of sources, pollution, and remediation of selenium, an emerging contaminant. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1359-1389. [PMID: 35972610 PMCID: PMC9379879 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential metalloid and is categorized as emerging anthropogenic contaminant released to the environment. The rise of Se release into the environment has raised concern about its bioaccumulation, toxicity, and potential to cause serious damages to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. Therefore, it is extremely important to monitor Se level in environment on a regular basis. Understanding Se release, anthropogenic sources, and environmental behavior is critical for developing an effective Se containment strategy. The ongoing efforts of Se remediation have mostly emphasized monitoring and remediation as an independent topics of research. However, our paper has integrated both by explaining the attributes of monitoring on effective scale followed by a candid review of widespread technological options available with specific focus on Se removal from environmental media. Another novel approach demonstrated in the article is the presentation of an overwhelming evidence of limitations that various researchers are confronted with to overcome achieving effective remediation. Furthermore, we followed a holistic approach to discuss ways to remediate Se for cleaner environment especially related to introducing weak magnetic field for ZVI reactivity enhancement. We linked this phenomenal process to electrokinetics and presented convincing facts in support of Se remediation, which has led to emerge 'membrane technology', as another viable option for remediation. Hence, an interesting, innovative and future oriented review is presented, which will undoubtedly seek attention from global researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollutant Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Lu Lun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Audil Rashid
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700 Pakistan
| | - Noor Zada
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara, 18300 Pakistan
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollutant Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Asfandyar Shahab
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change in XI’an, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change in XI’an, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Siyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium On Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Wang Y, Yan B, Wang Y, Zhang J, Chen X, Bastiaans RJM. A Comparison of Combustion Properties in Biomass-Coal Blends Using Characteristic and Kinetic Analyses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412980. [PMID: 34948589 PMCID: PMC8701168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents comparative research on the combustion of coal, wheat, corn straw (CS), beet residues after extracting sugar (BR), and their blends, coal–corn straw blends (CCSBs), coal–wheat blends (CWBs), and coal–beet residue blends (CBRBs), using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis under 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C/min. The test results indicate that CS and wheat show better combustion properties than BR, which are recommended to be used in biomass combustion. Under the heating rate of 20 °C/min, the coal has the longest thermal reaction time when compared with 10 and 30 °C/min. Adding coal to the biomass can improve the burnout level of biomass materials (BM), reduce the burning speed, and make the reaction more thorough. The authors employed the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method and the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) method to calculate kinetics parameters. It was proven that overall, the FWO method is better than the KAS method for coal, BM, and coal–biomass blends (CBBs), as it provides higher correlations in this study. It is shown that adding coal to wheat and BR decreases the activation energy and makes conversion more stable under particular α. The authors selected a wider range of biomass raw materials, made more kinds of CBB, and conducted more studies on different heating rates. This research can provide useful insights into how to choose agricultural residuals and how to use them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.Y.); (X.C.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (R.J.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.Y.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (R.J.M.B.)
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Bahen Centre for Information Technology, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 40 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada;
| | - Xiaozhong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Rob J. M. Bastiaans
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (R.J.M.B.)
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Huang S, Qin J, He Q, Wen Y, Huang S, Li B, Hu J, Zhou N, Zhou Z. Torrefied herb residues in nitrogen, air and oxygen atmosphere: Thermal decomposition behavior and pyrolytic products characters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125991. [PMID: 34563826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The thermal decomposition behavior and pyrolytic products characters of herb residue (HR) torrefied in N2, air and O2 were investigated in present work. The clear gradual regularity of samples in Van Krevelen diagram exhibited the severity and some similarities of torrefaction. The activation energy (E) calculated by distributed activation energy model (DAEM) found that the E values of torrefied samples was higher than raw HR if the conversion is below 0.8. Torrefaction treatment would beneficial to increase the yield of gas but inhibit the formation of oil, and the compounds of gas and bio-oil under different torrefaction conditions are also quite different. It should be noticed that the presence of oxygen in the torrefaction atmosphere would reduce the torrefaction temperature significantly, while maintaining the severity of torrefaction and pyrolytic products distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Qian He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yujiao Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd., Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Nan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Changsha 410128, PR China.
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6
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Wang R, Zou C. Effects of
CO
2
/
NO
/
SO
2
in flue gas on selenium adsorption on carbonaceous surface. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Wang
- Department of Energy Power & Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power University Baoding China
| | - Chan Zou
- Department of Energy Power & Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power University Baoding China
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7
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Zhou C, Huang JC, Gan X, He S, Zhou W. Selenium uptake, volatilization, and transformation by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and post-treatment of Se-laden biomass. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130593. [PMID: 33932907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With a narrow margin between beneficial and toxic effects, selenium (Se) is of great concern due to its increasing level in aquatic environments. The accumulation and transformation of Se by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and effects of nutrients, particularly sulfate, were investigated. The nutrient-deprived cyanobacterium removed water-borne selenate (82.2 ± 0.93%) faster than selenite (58.9 ± 1.77%), with 86.0 ± 1.41% and 77.2 ± 1.00%, respectively, of the Se accumulated in the biomass and the rest volatilized. When supplied with excess nutrients, the Se accumulation and volatilization rates were significantly inhibited, with the removal efficiency dropping to 50.2 ± 2.59% and 7.37 ± 0.93% for selenite and selenate, respectively. When M. aeruginosa was tested with inadequate, appropriate, and adequate levels of sulfate, Se uptake decreased with increasing sulfate concentrations, particularly for selenate (from 34.1 to 4.81%). Using X-ray absorption near-edge structure to speciate biomass Se, selenite and selenate were transformed to organo-Se (87.3-100%), with or without nutrients present, suggesting M. aeruginosa could efficiently reduce Se oxyanions to more bioavailable forms. With increasing sulfate levels (5.0 and 10.0 mg S/L), percentages of SeMet converted from selenite decreased by 28.2-33.0%, with 19.1-33.2% as elemental Se, while organo-Se remained dominant (93.6-95.1%) in selenate-treated M. aeruginosa. Transmission electron microscopy shows structural damage in the cell wall at exposure to selenite (1600 μg Se/L), with the intracellular structure intact. To prevent Se biomagnification along aquatic food chains, the Se-laden biomass was combusted as a post-treatment, leading to a significant reduction in Se content (∼99.2%) and Se bioavailability, with inorganic Se (45.0-70.5%) predominant in the residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jung-Chen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Xinyu Gan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weili Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Assessment of Pollution Sources and Contribution in Urban Dust Using Metal Concentrations and Multi-Isotope Ratios (13C, 207/206Pb) in a Complex Industrial Port Area, Korea. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The metal concentrations and isotopic compositions (13C, 207/206Pb) of urban dust, topsoil, and PM10 samples were analyzed in a residential area near Donghae port, Korea, which is surrounded by various types of industrial factories and raw material stockpiled on empty land, to determine the contributions of the main pollution sources (i.e., Mn ore, Zn ore, cement, coal, coke, and topsoil). The metal concentrations of urban dust in the port and residential area were approximately 85~112 times higher (EF > 100) in comparison with the control area (EF < 2), especially the Mn and Zn ions, indicating they were mainly derived from anthropogenic source. These ions have been accumulating in urban dust for decades; furthermore, the concentration of PM10 is seven times higher than that of the control area, which means that contamination is even present. The isotopic (13C, 207/206Pb) values of the pollution sources were highly different, depending on the characteristics of each source: cement (−19.6‰, 0.8594‰), Zn ore (−24.3‰, 0.9175‰), coal (−23.6‰, 0.8369‰), coke (−27.0‰, 0.8739‰), Mn ore (−24.9‰, 0.9117‰), soil (−25.2‰, 0.7743‰). As a result of the evaluated contributions of pollution source on urban dust through the Iso-source and SIAR models using stable isotope ratios (13C, 207/206Pb), we found that the largest contribution of Mn (20.4%) and Zn (20.3%) ions are derived from industrial factories and ore stockpiles on empty land (Mn and Zn). It is suggested that there is a significant influence of dust scattered by wind from raw material stockpiles, which are stacked near ports or factories. Therefore, there is evidence to support the idea that port activities affect the air quality of residence areas in a city. Our results may indicate that metal concentrations and their stable isotope compositions can predict environmental changes and act as a powerful tool to trace the past and present pollution history in complex contexts associated with peri-urban regions.
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Zou Z, Chen Y, Zheng J, Zhang X, He H. Co-combustion performance analysis of a Fujian anthracite with Cunninghamia lanceolate and Mycorrhizal plants. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/14686783211010966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The co-combustion characteristics of Fujian anthracite with two biomasses (i.e. Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Mycorrhizal plants in different proportions were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The result showed that first, the co-combustion processes of Fujian anthracite with the two biomasses ( Cunninghamia lanceolata and Mycorrhizal plants) proceeded in three stages, separation and combustion of volatiles, combustion of fixed carbon in the biomass, and combustion of fixed carbon in Fujian anthracite. Secondly with increasing proportion of biomass, the co-combustion of Fujian anthracite with Cunninghamia lanceolata and Mycorrhizal plants shifted to a low-temperature zone, with a lower ignition temperature, shortened burnout time, and growth of both combustibility index ( Ci) and comprehensive combustion index S. Finally, at different mixing proportions, the comprehensive combustion index S during co-combustion of FW with Mycorrhizal plants is always larger than that during co-combustion with Cunninghamia lanceolata; therefore, FW and Mycorrhizal plants exhibit superior comprehensive co-combustion performance to FW and Cunninghamia lanceolata. Analysis of various parameters pertaining to combustion performance shows that the ignition and combustion performance of Fujian anthracite was improved as long as the Fujian anthracite was mixed with around 20% biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zou
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Yangui Chen
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Jieqing Zheng
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhou He
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P.R. China
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Cheema AI, Liu G, Yousaf B, Abbas Q, Zhou H. A comprehensive review of biogeochemical distribution and fractionation of lead isotopes for source tracing in distinct interactive environmental compartments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:135658. [PMID: 31874752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a non-essential and extremely noxious metallic-element whose biogeochemical cycle has been influenced predominantly by increasing human activities to a great extent. The introduction and enrichment of this ubiquitous contaminant in the terrestrial-environment has a long history and getting more attention due to its adverse health effects to living organisms even at very low exposure levels. Its lethal-effects can vary widely depending on the atmospheric-depositions, fates and distribution of Pb isotopes (i.e., 204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb &208Pb) in the terrestrial-environment. Thus, it is essential to understand the depositional behavior and transformation mechanism of Pb and the factors affecting Pb isotopes composition in the terrestrial-compartments. Owing to the persistence nature of Pb-isotopic fractions, regardless of ongoing biogeochemical-processes taking place in soils and in other interlinked terrestrial-compartments of the biosphere makes Pb isotope ratios (Pb-IRs) more recognizable as a powerful and an efficient-tool for tracing the source(s) and helped uncover pertinent migration and transformation processes. This review discusses the ongoing developments in tracing migration pathway and distribution of lead in various terrestrial-compartments and investigates the processes regulating the Pb isotope geochemistry taking into account the source identification of lead, its transformation among miscellaneous terrestrial-compartments and detoxification mechanism in soil-plant system. Additionally, this compendium reveals that Pb-pools in various terrestrial-compartments differ in Pb isotopic fractionations. In order to improve understanding of partition behaviors and biogeochemical pathways of Pb isotope in the terrestrial environment, future works should involve investigation of changes in Pb isotopic compositions during weathering processes and atmospheric-biological sub-cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Imtiyaz Cheema
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, PR China.
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, PR China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Huihui Zhou
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2), a major greenhouse gas, capture has recently become a crucial technological solution to reduce atmospheric emissions from fossil fuel burning. Thereafter, many efforts have been put forwarded to reduce the burden on climate change by capturing and separating CO2, especially from larger power plants and from the air through the utilization of different technologies (e.g., membrane, absorption, microbial, cryogenic, chemical looping, and so on). Those technologies have often suffered from high operating costs and huge energy consumption. On the right side, physical process, such as adsorption, is a cost-effective process, which has been widely used to adsorb different contaminants, including CO2. Henceforth, this review covered the overall efficacies of CO2 adsorption from air at 196 K to 343 K and different pressures by the carbon-based materials (CBMs). Subsequently, we also addressed the associated challenges and future opportunities for CBMs. According to this review, the efficacies of various CBMs for CO2 adsorption have followed the order of carbon nanomaterials (i.e., graphene, graphene oxides, carbon nanotubes, and their composites) < mesoporous -microporous or hierarchical porous carbons < biochar and activated biochar < activated carbons.
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Ullah H, Shahab A, Rashid A. Volatilization characteristics of selenium during conventional and microwave drying of coal slime: an emerging contaminant in mining industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11164-11173. [PMID: 31956951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The priority feature of coal drying which accounts for its industrial use is moisture removal. Though much improvement is made in thermal-drying process, volatilization of harmful elements during coal slime drying is mostly ignored which has manifold environmental implications. In view of this, the present study attempted to investigate the moisture and selenium (Se) volatilization proportion during coal slime drying by using electric blast oven (conventional) and microwave oven (microwave) drying procedures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was employed to investigate the chemical changes of raw and dried coal. The results indicated that the microwave-drying process eliminates the moisture in line format, whereas, moisture content was removed slowly (initial stage) during conventional drying and then rapidly (final stage) with increasing drying period. It was confirmed that the microwave drying took less drying time to remove water and make the coal dried compared with the conventional drying. Volatilization proportion of Se to the atmosphere was 38.81 and 61.13% during conventional and microwave drying, respectively. Findings of XPS analysis demonstrated an increase in C-C and C-H content, while a decrease in C-O fraction on the coal surface, after execution of drying procedures. Microwave drying appeared not only energy efficient but also proved an optimized method for removing oxygen-functional groups than conventional drying methods. Peak fittings of XPS spectra gave indication of several oxidation forms including selenide, selenate, and oxide species in coal slime after drying. It was concluded that Se volatilization including speciation characteristics should be considered an indicator of efficiency for coal drying process from environmental safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollutant Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Asfandyar Shahab
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China.
| | - Audil Rashid
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
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Estimation of Energy and Emissions Properties of Waste from Various Species of Mint in the Herbal Products Industry. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of research on the physicochemical properties of plant biomass consisting of four mint species, these being Mentha × piperita L. var. citrata Ehrh.—‘Bergamot’, Mentha × rotundifolia L., Mentha spicata L., and Mentha crispa L. The research conducted consisted of the technical analysis of biofuels—determining the heat of combustion and the calorific value of the material under study, and the content of ash, volatile compounds, and humidity. In addition, elemental analysis was carried out for the biomass under study by determining the content of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The research demonstrated that Mentha × piperita L. var. citrata Ehrh.—‘Bergamot’ had the highest energy potential with a gross calorific value of 16.96 MJ·kg−1, and a net calorific value of 15.60 MJ·kg−1. Among the tested materials, Mentha × rotundifolia L. had the lowest content of ash at 7.23%, nitrogen at 0.23%, and sulfur at 0.03%, and at the same time had the highest content of volatile fraction at 70.36%. When compared to hard coal, the estimated emission factors indicated a CO reduction of 29–32%, CO2 reduction of 28–31%, NOx reduction of 40–80%, SO2 reduction of 92–98%, and dust reduction of 45–61%, depending on the type of biomass used.
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Risk Assessment and Implications of Schoolchildren Exposure to Classroom Heavy Metals Particles in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245017. [PMID: 31835482 PMCID: PMC6950208 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Classrooms Air Conditioner Filter (CACF) particles represent all of the exposed particles that have migrated to the interior environment. This study was conducted to assess the heavy metals contamination in CACF particles from Jeddah primary schools located in urban, suburban and residential areas; and to evaluate their health risks of children exposure (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic). Heavy metals levels in CACF particles of schools were in the following order: urban schools > suburban schools > residential schools. Fe, Mn and Zn were the dominant species. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) values indicated that the contamination levels was in the following order Cd > Pb > Zn > As > Cu > Ni > Mn > Cr > Co >V > Fe. School CACF particles was moderately contaminated with As and Zn and moderately to heavily contaminated with Pb and Cd. Enrichment factors (EFs) indicated that Zn, Cd, Pb, As and Cu in CACF particles were severe enriched. The hazard quotient (HQs) and hazards index (HI) values for heavy metals were lower than the acceptable level of one. As, Pb, Cr and Mn were exhibited high non-cancer effects for children. The lifetime cancer risk (LCR) and total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR), HQs and HI values for the different exposure pathways of heavy metals decreased in the following order: ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk rank order of schools were urban schools > suburban schools > residential schools. The LCR and TLCR of heavy metals was in the following order: Co > Ni >Cr > Cd > As > Pb. The ingestion lifetime cancer risk (LCRing) and TLCR values from exposure to Ni and Cr in urban and suburban schools, Cd in urban schools, and Co in all Jeddah schools only exceed the acceptable range (1 × 10−6–1 × 10−4) Only LCRing and TLCR values from exposure to ∑ carcinogens exceed the acceptable level.
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Ali MU, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ullah H, Abbas Q, Munir MAM. A systematic review on global pollution status of particulate matter-associated potential toxic elements and health perspectives in urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1131-1162. [PMID: 30298288 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) that is a heterogeneous mixture of particles with a variety of chemical components and physical features acts as a potential risk to human health. The ability to pose health risk depends upon the size, concentration and chemical composition of the suspended particles. Potential toxic elements (PTEs) associated with PM have multiple sources of origin, and each source has the ability to generate multiple particulate PTEs. In urban areas, automobile, industrial emissions, construction and demolition activities are the major anthropogenic sources of pollution. Fine particles associated with PTEs have the ability to penetrate deep into respiratory system resulting in an increasing range of adverse health effects, at ever-lower concentrations. In-depth investigation of PTEs content and mode of occurrence in PM is important from both environmental and pathological point of view. Considering this air pollution risk, several studies had addressed the issues related to these pollutants in road and street dust, indicating high pollution level than the air quality guidelines. Observed from the literature, particulate PTEs pollution can lead to respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular problems, lungs cancer, reduced lungs function, asthma and severe case mortality. Due to the important role of PM and associated PTEs, detailed knowledge of their impacts on human health is of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Habib Ullah
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mehr Ahmad Mujtaba Munir
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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16
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Tong W, Liu Q, Ran G, Liu L, Ren S, Chen L, Jiang L. Experiment and expectation: Co-combustion behavior of anthracite and biomass char. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:412-420. [PMID: 30784991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The combustion behavior of anthracite, biomass (Ficus virens) char and their blends were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The combustion process mainly focused on the volatile combustion and char combustion. The addition of char reduced the initial temperature and final temperature of fuels. The interactions firstly inhibited and then facilitated. When the blending ratio was 70AN30FV, the antagonism was the minimum, and synergism was the strongest at 830 K for the random ratio. The kinetic models of Coats-Redfern (CR), Doyle equation (Doyle), Friedman (FR), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and distributed activation energy model (DAEM) were used to calculate the kinetic parameters. The average values of activation energy for CR and Doyle were close and that of KAS, FWO and DAEM were near. Based on these six models, the corresponding expectation equations of activation energy and pre-exponential factor were proposed and the best predicted results was CR model for 60AN40FV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qingcai Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Guangjing Ran
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shan Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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17
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Ullah H, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ali MU, Irshad S, Abbas Q, Ahmad R. A comprehensive review on environmental transformation of selenium: recent advances and research perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1003-1035. [PMID: 30267320 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important micronutrient and essential trace element for both humans and animals, which exist in the environment ubiquitously. Selenium deficiency is an important issue worldwide, with various reported cases of its deficiency. Low selenium contents in some specific terrestrial environments have resulted in its deficiency in humans. However, high levels of selenium in the geochemical environment may have harmful influences and can cause a severe toxicity to living things. Due to its extremely narrow deficiency and toxicity limits, selenium is becoming a serious matter of discussion for the scientists who deals with selenium-related environmental and health issues. Based on available relevant literature, this review provides a comprehensive data about Se sources, levels, production and factors affecting selenium bioavailability/speciation in soil, characteristics of Se, biogeochemical cycling, deficiency and toxicity, and its environmental transformation to know the Se distribution in the environment. Further research should focus on thoroughly understanding the concentration, speciation, Se cycling in the environment and food chain to effectively utilize Se resources, remediate Se deficiency/toxicity, and evaluate the Se states and eco-effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ullah
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Samina Irshad
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Rafay Ahmad
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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18
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Skalny AV, Burtseva TI, Salnikova EV, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Kirichuk AA, Tinkov AA. Geographic variation of environmental, food, and human hair selenium content in an industrial region of Russia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:293-301. [PMID: 30708233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was investigation of the selenium (Se) levels in environmental samples, main consumed food products, as well as human hair in the areas of the Orenburg region. Se levels in the environmental objects (water, soil, wheat), frequently consumed food products (wheat bread, ryebread, beef, pork, chicken, milk, cottage cheese), as well as human hair samples in the western (n = 210), central (n = 195), and eastern (n = 120) areas were assessed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry (soil). The obtained data demonstrate that water (87% and 89%), soil (41% and 48%), and wheat (11% and 11%) Se levels Central and Eastern areas were significantly higher than those in the Western area. The level of Se in foods was found to be the highest in the Eastern (wheat bread and beef), Central and Eastern (ryebread and pork), or Central (milk and cottage cheese) areas of the Orenburg region. Hair Se content (0.298 (0.233-0.591) μg/g) as well as dietary Se intake (84.3 (73.7-95.8) μg/day) did not differ significantly between the studied areas. At the same time, regression analysis demonstrated that Se intake with wheat bread (β = 0.634; p = 0.042) was the strongest predictor of hair Se. The revealed associations between environmental and food Se content and Se status of the population underline the necessity of continuous monitoring of Se intake and exposure in order to prevent potential health effects associated with both deficiency and overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 105064, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 8, Moscow 119146, Russia; Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya St., 29, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | | | | | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 105064, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 8, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Margarita G Skalnaya
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 105064, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 8, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Anatoly A Kirichuk
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 105064, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 105064, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 8, Moscow 119146, Russia.
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19
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Zhang R, Lei K, Ye BQ, Cao J, Liu D. Effects of alkali and alkaline earth metal species on the combustion characteristics of single particles from pine sawdust and bituminous coal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:278-285. [PMID: 30086454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) species are the main components of the ash of biomass, and which would influence the combustion of biomass and coal during the co-firing process. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) on the combustion characteristics of pine sawdust (PS) and bituminous coal (BC) by a single particle combustion method. The raw, ash-free and impregnated samples were prepared, and their combustion processes were recorded by a high speed camera. Based on the recorded flame images, the effects of K, Na, Ca and Mg on the combustion characteristics (ignition, volatiles combustion, char combustion) of PS and BC were analyzed. The results reveal that the demineralization treatment brings negative effects on the combustion of PS, which reflects in longer ignition delay time, volatiles and char burnout time, and lower combustion temperature, while the effects on the combustion of BC are opposite. The impregnated samples exhibit shorter ignition delay time, volatiles and char burnout time, and higher combustion temperature than the ash-free samples. In the entire combustion process of PS and BC, K exhibits the strongest promotion effect. When the concentration of K increases from 0 to 2 wt%, the ignition delay time of PS and BC decreases about 5.5 ms and 16.4 ms respectively, the volatiles combustion temperature increases about 41 °C and 77 °C respectively, and the char combustion temperature increases about 226 °C and 141 °C respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China; Advanced Combustion Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Kai Lei
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China; Advanced Combustion Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Bu Q Ye
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China; Advanced Combustion Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Jin Cao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China; Advanced Combustion Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Dong Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China; Advanced Combustion Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
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20
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Saqib NU, Baroutian S, Sarmah AK. Physicochemical, structural and combustion characterization of food waste hydrochar obtained by hydrothermal carbonization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:357-363. [PMID: 29982058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A solid carbon-rich product hydrochar, was prepared using hydrothermal carbonisation of food waste at temperatures of 200, 250 and 300 °C. To acquire detailed insight into physicochemical and structural properties, hydrochar samples were characterised using a range of techniques. The carbon content and higher heating value of food waste increased considerably from 39 to 73% and 15 to 31 MJ/kg corresponding to the heating temperature. The blends of hydrochar and coal prepared in three different ratios (5%, 10% and 15%) exhibited different thermal behaviour. The overall results of co-combustion study showed that the activation energy of hydrochar samples decreased from 56.78 KJ/mol to 29.80 KJ/mol with increase in temperature. Hydrochar prepared at 300 °C with coal blending ratio of 10% exhibited the lowest activation energy of 19.45 KJ/mol. Additionally thermal gravimetric analysis of the samples showed that high temperature carbonization can increase the combustion properties of hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najam Ul Saqib
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faulty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Saeid Baroutian
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faulty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Ullah H, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ali MU, Abbas Q, Munir MAM, Mian MM. Developmental selenium exposure and health risk in daily foodstuffs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:291-306. [PMID: 29268101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral and an essential nutrient of vital importance to human health in trace amounts. It acts as an antioxidant in both humans and animals, immunomodulator and also involved in the control of specific endocrine pathways. The aim of this work is to provide a brief knowledge on selenium content in daily used various foodstuffs, nutritional requirement and its various health consequences. In general, fruits and vegetables contain low content of selenium, with some exceptions. Selenium level in meat, eggs, poultry and seafood is usually high. For most countries, cereals, legumes, and derivatives are the major donors to the dietary selenium intake. Low level of selenium has been related with higher mortality risk, dysfunction of an immune system, and mental failure. Selenium supplementation or higher selenium content has antiviral outcomes and is necessary for effective reproduction of male and female, also decreases the threat of chronic disease (autoimmune thyroid). Generally, some advantages of higher content of selenium have been shown in various potential studies regarding lung, colorectal, prostate and bladder cancers risk, nevertheless results depicted from different trials have been diverse, which perhaps indicates the evidence that supplementation will merely grant advantage if the intakes of a nutrient is deficient. In conclusion, the over-all people should be advised against the usage of Se supplements for prevention of cardiovascular, hepatopathies, or cancer diseases, as advantages of Se supplements are still ambiguous, and their haphazard usage could result in an increased Se toxicity risk. The associations among Se intake/status and health, or disease risk, are complicated and need exposition to notify medical practice, to improve dietary recommendations, and to develop adequate communal health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ullah
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba Munir
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Md Manik Mian
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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