1
|
Garba K, Mohammed HI, Isa YM. Pyrolysis of metal oxides treated Canarium schweinfurthii Shell: Investigation of thermogravimetric kinetics and thermodynamics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34435. [PMID: 39104481 PMCID: PMC11298902 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal oxides as catalysts alter the properties of the pyrolysis vapor secondary reactions during the thermal decomposition of several biomass leading to high-value bio-oils. This study aimed to investigate the thermal decomposition characteristics of Canarium Schweinfurthii (CS) shells that were treated with various metal oxides (ZnO, CuO, Fe2O3/FeO, and Fe2O3) using pyrolysis. The study also sought to identify pyrolysis reaction parameters (kinetics and thermodynamics parameters) that are not widely documented. Thermogravimetric pyrolysis was carried out at different heating rates, and the undocumented pyrolysis kinetic parameters were determined using the Flynn-Wall Ozawa method (FWO) according to American Standard Testing and Materials (ASTM) 6441 guidelines for assessing biomass decomposition. The metal oxide-treated CS shells lost significant weight between 62 and 67 wt% during the thermogravimetric pyrolysis, lower than 75 wt% of the CS shell. The average activation energies (Eα) for pyrolysis of the ZnO, CuO, Fe2O3/FeO, and Fe2O3 treated CS shells were 203.04, 155.35, 338.85, and 219.92 kJ/mol, respectively in contrast to that of the untreated CS-shell. The Bayesian Information Criteria revealed that the diffusion kinetics of the Gistling-Brounshtein model best describes the pyrolysis of the shell mixed with metal oxides. The metal oxides affected the CS shells' pyrolysis kinetic parameter (Eα), which can promote pyrolysis vapor upgrading to encourage the widespread use of metal oxides in pyrolysis for bioenergy and chemical recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Garba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Habu Iyodo Mohammed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Makarfi Isa
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Çakman G. Pyrolysis of Euphorbia Rigida: A study on thermal characterizations, kinetics, thermodynamics via TG-FTIR analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120835. [PMID: 38581897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Euphorbia Rigida (E. Rigida), a lignocellulosic biomass with low ash content, is a suitable feedstock for pyrolysis. This work investigated the physicochemical characteristics and thermokinetic analysis of E. Rigida pyrolysis by using isoconversional and master plots methods. Ultimate and proximate analyses and oxygen bomb calorimeter were used to determine the physicochemical parameters. The activation energies were calculated using model-free methods (KAS, Friedman and Starink) and were found as 184, 178 and 185 kJ/mol, respectively. Using Fraser-Suzuki deconvolution, pseudo-components were also calculated and the active pyrolysis region was divided into three zones. The master plots showed that reaction order mechanisms (Fn) were effective in Zone I, and diffusion mechanisms (Dn) were well matched in Zone II and Zone III. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG and ΔS) were calculated and according to these results, E. Rigida pyrolysis was an endothermic and non-spontaneous process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakman
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chormare R, Moradeeya PG, Sahoo TP, Seenuvasan M, Baskar G, Saravaia HT, Kumar MA. Conversion of solid wastes and natural biomass for deciphering the valorization of biochar in pollution abatement: A review on the thermo-chemical processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139760. [PMID: 37567272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This overview addresses the formation of solid trash and the various forms of waste from a variety of industries, which environmentalists have embraced. The paper investigates the negative effects on the environment caused by unsustainable management of municipal solid trash as well as the opportunities presented by the formal system. This examination looks at the origins of solid waste as well as the typical treatment methods. Pyrolysis methods, feedstock pyrolysis, and lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis were highlighted. Explain in detail the various thermochemical processes that take place during the pyrolysis of biomass. Due to its carbon content, low cost, accessibility, ubiquitousness, renewable nature, and environmental friendliness, biomass waste is a unique biochar precursor. This study looks at the different types of biomass waste that are available for treating wastewater. This study discussed a wide variety of reactors. Adsorption is the standard method that is used the most frequently to remove hazardous organic, dye, and inorganic pollutants from wastewater. These pollutants cause damage to the environment and water supplies, thus it is important to remove them. Adsorption is both simple and inexpensive to utilize. Temperature-dependent conversions explain the kinetic theories of biomaterial biochemical degradation. This article presents a review that explains how pyrolytic breakdown char materials can be used to reduce pollution and improve environmental management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Chormare
- Process Design and Engineering Cell, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pareshkumar G Moradeeya
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot, 360 003, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarini Prasad Sahoo
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Muthulingam Seenuvasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641 032, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hitesh T Saravaia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Centre for Rural and Entrepreneurship Development, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chennai, 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He W, Li R, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Nie D. Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis on preparation of belite-calcium sulphoaluminate cement using electrolytic manganese residue and barium slag by TGA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:95901-95916. [PMID: 37558917 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a solid filter residue obtained from manganese carbonate ore during the production of metal manganese. A potential avenue towards large-scale utilisation of EMR is its use in cement preparation. However, the preparation of cement materials using EMR requires high-temperature calcination. In this study, the thermal properties and pyrolysis kinetics of belite-calcium sulfoaluminate cement raw meal were systematically studied using a multiple-heating-rate method based on thermogravimetric analysis and a kinetic model. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters was studied using non-isothermal Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Friedman and Kissinger methods. The results showed that from 30 to 1300°C, the pyrolysis reaction of cement raw meal was mainly divided into four steps: the crystalline water removal from calcium sulphate dihydrate and bauxite, the ammonia nitrogen removal from ammonium salts and the calcium sulphate crystal transformation; the decomposition of calcium carbonate and carbon-containing organic matter; the sulphate and carbonate substance decomposition and the clinker mineral phase formation. The average activation energies calculated when using the non-isothermal FWO, KAS, Friedman and Kissinger methods were 244.49, 240.7, 239.24 and 380.60 kJ/mol and the average pre-exponential factors were 1.75 × 1020, 3.65 × 1020, 7.11 × 1021 and 1.55 × 1013 s-1, respectively. Herein, the pyrolysis kinetics of the cement raw meal was divided into two main stages: In stage 1 (α: 0.15-0.8, 524°C-754°C), the mechanism of P2/3 accelerated nucleation in the Mampel Power rule, and the reaction mechanism function was G(α)=α3/2. In stage 2 (α: 0.80-0.95, 754°C-1165°C), during the local conversion of α = 0.2-0.8, when α was <0.5, the chemical reaction mechanism of the R3 phase boundary was noted and the mechanism function was G(α) = 1 - (1-α)1/3; however, when α was >0.5, a random nucleation and subsequent growth mechanism of A6 was noted and the mechanism function was G(α) = [-ln(1 - α)]2/3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Office of Academic Affairs, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, 551700, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Dengpan Nie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chaudhary AS, Kiran B, Sivagami K, Govindarajan D, Chakraborty S. Thermal degradation model of used surgical masks based on machine learning methodology. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023; 144:104732. [PMID: 36817942 PMCID: PMC9922155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has leveraged facial masks to be one of the most effective measures to prevent the spread of the virus, which thereby has exponentially increased the usage of facial masks that lead to medical waste mismanagements which pose a serious threat to life. Thermal degradation or pyrolysis is an effective treatment method for the used facial mask wastes and this study aims to investigate the thermal degradation of the same. Methods Predicted the TGA experimental curves of the mask components using a Machine Learning model known as Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Significant findings Three different parts of the mask namely- ribbon, body, and corner were separated and used for the analysis. The thermal degradation behavior is studied using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and this is crucial for determining the reactivity of the individual mask components as they are subjected to a range of temperatures. Using the curves obtained from TGA, kinetic parameters such as Activation energy (E) and Pre-exponential factor (A) were estimated using the Coats-Redfern model-fitting method. Using the determined kinetic parameters, thermodynamic quantities such as a change in Enthalpy (ΔH), Entropy (ΔS), and Gibbs-Free energy (ΔG) were also calculated. Since TGA is a costly and time-consuming process, this study attempted to predict the TGA experimental curves of the mask components using a Machine Learning model known as Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The dataset obtained at a heating rate of 10°C/min was used to train the 3 different neural networks corresponding to the mask components and it showed an excellent agreement with experimental data (R2 > 0.99). Through this study, a complex chemical process such as thermal degradation was modelled using Machine Learning based on available experimental parameters without delving into the intricacies and complexities of the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek S Chaudhary
- Process Systems Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014,India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
| | - Bandaru Kiran
- Process Systems Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014,India
| | - K Sivagami
- Process Systems Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014,India
| | - Dhivakar Govindarajan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, IIT Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samarshi Chakraborty
- Colloids and Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garba K, Mohammed IY, Isa YM, Abubakar LG, Abakr YA, Hameed BH. Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13234. [PMID: 36785823 PMCID: PMC9918767 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Canarium schweinfurthii fruit used in food and cosmetics produces waste nuts with a hard shell (hard-shell) and kernel. The hard-shell contained lignin and holocellulose, besides 51.99 wt% carbon, 6.0 wt% hydrogen, 41.68 wt% oxygen, and 70.97 wt% volatile matter. Therefore, this study commenced thermochemical investigations on the hard-shell through extensive intermediate pyrolysis and kinetic studies. During the active stage of thermogravimetric pyrolysis, the hard-shell lost a maximum of 56.45 wt%, and the activation energies obtained by the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Starink methods were 223, 221 and 217 kJ/mol, respectively. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method depicted the degradation process accurately, where the Coat-Redfern method's contraction and diffusion mechanisms governed the pyrolysis reactions at activation energies of 16.62 kJ/mol and 38.83 kJ/mol, respectively. The pyrolysis process produced 25 wt% biochar and 25 wt% bio-oil under optimum conditions. The calorific values of the bio-oils with 6.81-7.11 wt% hydrogen and 68.01-71.12 wt% carbon was 26.32-27.83 MJ/kg, with phenolics and n-hexadecanoic and oleic acids as major compounds. Biochar, by contrast, has a high carbon content of 75.11-79.32 wt% and calorific values of 25.45-28.61 MJ/kg. These properties assert the biochar and bio-oils among viable bioenergy sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Garba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P. M. B. 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.;
| | - Isah Yakub Mohammed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P. M. B. 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Makarfi Isa
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lawan Garba Abubakar
- Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P. M. B. 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Yousif Abdalla Abakr
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Material Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Eshan, Malaysia
| | - Bassim H. Hameed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nawaz A, Kumar P. Thermal degradation of hazardous 3-layered COVID-19 face mask through pyrolysis: Kinetic, thermodynamic, prediction modelling using ANN and volatile product characterization. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022; 139:104538. [PMID: 36193262 PMCID: PMC9518071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, wearing a 3-layered face mask (3LFM) to protect against coronavirus illness (COVID-19) has become commonplace, resulting in massive, hazardous solid waste. Since most of them are infected with viruses, a secure way of disposal is necessary to prevent further virus spread. Pyrolysis treatment has recently developed as an effective method for disposing of such hazardous waste and consequently converting them into energy products. In this regard, the goal of the present study is to physicochemically characterize the 3LFM followed by pyrolysis in a TGA to evaluate the pyrolysis performance, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters and in a semi-batch reactor to characterize the volatile product. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to forecast thermal deterioration data. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between real and anticipated values. The study proved the relevance of the ANN model and the applicability of pyrolysis for disposing of 3LFM while simultaneously producing energy products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng L, Cui C, Li Z, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Ge Z, Cheng Y, Zhang Y. Kinetics of catalyzed thermal degradation of polylactide and its application as sacrificial templates. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Chenhui Cui
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Youshen Wu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Yilong Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dubdub I. Pyrolysis Study of Mixed Polymers for Non-Isothermal TGA: Artificial Neural Networks Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132638. [PMID: 35808683 PMCID: PMC9269264 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure polymers of polystyrene (PS), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP), are the main representative of plastic wastes. Thermal cracking of mixed polymers, consisting of PS, LDPE, and PP, was implemented by thermal analysis technique “thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)” with heating rate range (5−40 K/min), with two groups of sets: (ratio 1:1) mixture of PS and PP, and (ratio 1:1:1) mixture of PS, LDPE, and PP. TGA data were utilized to implement one of the machine learning methods, “artificial neural network (ANN)”. A feed-forward ANN with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) as learning algorithm in the backpropagation model was performed in both sets in order to predict the weight fraction of the mixed polymers. Temperature and the heating rate are the two input variables applied in the current ANN model. For both sets, 10-10 neurons in logsig-tansig transfer functions two hidden layers was concluded as the best architecture, with almost (R > 0.99999). Results approved a good coincidence between the actual with the predicted values. The model foresees very efficiently when it is simulated with new data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Dubdub
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma J, Feng S, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Kong W, Yuan P, Shen B, Mu L. Pyrolysis characteristics of biodried products derived from municipal organic wastes: Synergistic effect of bulking agents and modification of biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112300. [PMID: 34736638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Derived from the biodrying of municipal organic wastes (MOWs), biodried products (BPs) are widely identified as renewable energy sources. In this study, for efficient energy recovery, the pyrolysis characteristics of BPs were investigated by comprehensive kinetic analysis, with special focus on the synergistic effect of bulking agents and the influence of biodegradation. Compared with theoretical raw materials (RMs), it was suggested that the synergistic effect of organics and lignocelluloses in RMs promoted decomposition in Stage 1 (400-570 K), especially for the pyrolysis of RM using sawdust, during which the positive effect achieved decomposition in advance with lower overlap ratio (0.9264) and ΔW (-9.50% at 619.0 K) values. Furthermore, compared with RMs, it was indicated that the kinetic indices (Ea and ln A values) of the BPs were upward in Stage 1 and decreased in Stage 2 due to biodegradation. The results of ΔH, ΔG and ΔS indicated that BP pyrolysis required more heat supply as the reaction progressed but formed a more organized activated complex. In addition, biodegradation observably decreased the generation of gas products and typical functional groups of volatiles during BP pyrolysis, such as CO2 and CO, which presented decreasing ratios of 32.18-42.47% and 30.25-46.47%, respectively. In general, the pyrolysis of BPs was intensified by bulking agents and modified by biodegradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Lan Mu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prediction of Pyrolysis Kinetics of Biomass: New Insights from Artificial Intelligence-Based Modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6491745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present work introduces a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR)-based stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) decision tree framework for simulating and capturing of the thermal decomposition kinetics of biomass considering effective parameters of the ultimate analysis (such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur content) and process heating rate. Through a total of 149 pyrolysis kinetics, this study developed an artificial model and subjected it to training and testing phases. The proposed model was validated using error analysis, sensitivity, regression, and outlier detection. The coefficient of determination (R2) and mean relative error (%MRE) were calculated to be 0.993 and 4.354%, respectively, suggesting good performance in the estimation of the pyrolysis kinetic parameters. Also, the sensitivity results indicated the process heating rate to have the strongest effect on the model output with a relevancy factor of 0.43. Eventually, the proposed model showed superior performance compared to earlier frameworks.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sangaré D, Bostyn S, Moscosa Santillán M, García-Alamilla P, Belandria V, Gökalp I. Comparative pyrolysis studies of lignocellulosic biomasses: Online gas quantification, kinetics triplets, and thermodynamic parameters of the process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126598. [PMID: 34953991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the analysis of the pyrolytic behavior of four lignocellulosic biomasses: avocado stone (AS), Agave salmiana bagasse (AB), cocoa shell (CS), and α-cellulose (CEL). According to the triplet kinetics analysis, the order of pyrolytic decomposition was AS < AB < CEL < CS. The AS was dominated by a second-order reaction, while AB followed a 2D diffusion-Valensi model. On the other hand, the pyrolysis of CS starts with an nth-order reaction and ends random nucleation model, and CEL was dominated by one-dimensional diffusion and first-order reaction. Thermodynamic studies reveal that the difference between the activation energy versus enthalpy change was<6.5 kJ/mol for all biomasses, thus showing the ease of pyrolysis reaction of these biomasses. Furthermore, the AS and AB showed that the reactions are close to thermodynamic equilibrium and stability, whereas CS and CEL indicated high reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diakaridia Sangaré
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Av. Dr. Nava # 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210, Mexico
| | - Stéphane Bostyn
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; Université d'Orléans, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, 16 rue d'Issoudun, BP16724, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Mario Moscosa Santillán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Av. Dr. Nava # 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210, Mexico.
| | - Pedro García-Alamilla
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias (DACA), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Carret. Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25 Ra. La Huasteca. Centro, Tabasco C.P. 86280, Mexico
| | - Verónica Belandria
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; Université d'Orléans, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, 16 rue d'Issoudun, BP16724, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Iskender Gökalp
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jadhao PR, Vuppaladadiyam AK, Prakash A, Pant KK. Co-pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of electronic waste and macroalgae: A synergy study based on thermogravimetric analysis. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
14
|
Singh A, Pal DB, Kumar S, Srivastva N, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Singh R, Gupta VK. Studies on Zero-cost algae based phytoremediation of dye and heavy metal from simulated wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125971. [PMID: 34852442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, filamentous algae, an emerging candidate for biofuel and other useful chemical production, has been investigated as a biological adsorbent for the removal of contaminants from synthetic wastewater. Operational parameters were optimized in batch phytoremediation experiments. The adsorption equilibrium isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevitch and kinetics models such as pseudo-1st and pseudo-2nd order in methylene blue decolorization and Cr(VI) removal were also investigated. The D-R isotherm theory provided the best fit. The pseudo-2nd order model accurately described the adsorption kinetic data. Maximum adsorption capacities were observed to 5.03 mg.g-1 and 0.77 mg.g-1 along with removal efficiencies were achieved to 91.3% and 91.4% for methylene blue and Cr(VI) remediation, respectively. Moreover, intra-particle diffusion kinetic theory was used to describe the mechanism. These outcomes are significant in the development of algae-based zero-cost pollutants removal technology in wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri, Dhanbad 828123, India; Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri, Dhanbad 828123, India
| | - Neha Srivastva
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pal DB, Singh A, Jha JM, Srivastava N, Hashem A, Alakeel MA, Abd Allah EF, Gupta VK. Low-cost biochar adsorbents prepared from date and delonix regia seeds for heavy metal sorption. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 339:125606. [PMID: 34325385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, low-cost biochar as bio-adsorbents derived from locally accessible delonix regia seed and date seeds were explored for heavy metal environmental cleaning. These prepared biochars were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, CHNS/O analysis, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and thermo-gravitational methods. Bio-sorbent's ability to adsorb arsenic ions in synthetic wastewater was studied and optimized at varying solution pH, adsorbent dose, and starting metal concentrations. Experimentation and optimization studies were also carried out with the help of Design-software 6.0.8. The trials were designed by using response-surface methods, which includes three components and stages of Box-Behnken design. Date seeds derived-biochars eliminated 95% of arsenic from synthetic wastewater, whereas Delonix regia seeds removed 93.8%. The kinetics, isotherms and mechanism of As adsorption were also postulated. This study proposes that these seed's biochars might be employed as an effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly adsorbent to remove heavy metals from the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Arvind Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jay Mant Jha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462003, India
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdullah Alakeel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nawaz A, Kumar P. Pyrolysis of mustard straw: Evaluation of optimum process parameters, kinetic and thermodynamic study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125722. [PMID: 34385127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the pyrolysis of mustard straw (MS) in a thermogravimetric analyser and in a tubular reactor to recognize its bioenergy capability. The model free methods of Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Vyazovkin were employed for kinetic analysis and Coats-Redfern (CR) method for elucidating the reaction mechanism. Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design technique was employed to optimize the pyrolysis process parameters to gain maximum amount of bio-oil. The highest bio-oil yield (44.69%) was obtained at the heating rate of 25 °C/min and at 500 °C under inert condition (N2 gas flow rate = 100 ml/min). Further, FTIR and GCMS analysis of bio-oil revealed the presence of different functional groups and valuable chemicals, whereas physicochemical characterization revealed its fuel characteristic. The results confirmed the suitability of mustard straw as a feed-stock for obtaining a cleaner fuel and value added products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rasool T, Najar I, Srivastava VC, Pandey A. Pyrolysis of almond (Prunus amygdalus) shells: Kinetic analysis, modelling, energy assessment and technical feasibility studies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125466. [PMID: 34320746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the thermogravimetric analysis through the pyrolysis of almond (Prunus amygdalus) shells for evaluating its potential for bioenergy at different heating rates (10, 25, and 50 K min-1). The activation energy values for the process were of the range of 153.0, 152.02, and 152.73 kJ mol-1 as calculated by Kissenger-Akahira-Sunrose (KAS), Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) and Starink models respectively. The change in the Gibbs free energy was ~181 kJ mol-1. Diffusion-based reaction, followed by the chemical reaction mechanism,was dominant thermal degradation as envisaged by the Coats-Redfern method. The validation of the experiments was accomplished through the artificial neural network, reiterating its further usage in any conversional studies of biomass. A difference of < 10 kJ mol-1 between the values of activation energy and enthalpy of the degradation reaction indicated favourable product formation. The results offer potential application of almond shells for energy production through pyrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Rasool
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Srinagar 190006, India.
| | - Ishfaq Najar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Vimal Chandra Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre of Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pyrolysis of Solid Digestate from Sewage Sludge and Lignocellulosic Biomass: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis, Characterization of Biochar. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the pyrolysis behavior and reaction kinetics of two different types of solid digestates from: (i) sewage sludge and (ii) a mixture of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass—Typha latifolia plant. Thermogravimetric data in the temperature range 25–800 °C were analyzed using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose kinetic methods, and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) were also determined. Biochars were characterized using different chemical methods (FTIR, SEM–EDS, XRD, heavy metal, and nutrient analysis) and tested as soil enhancers using a germination test. Finally, their potential for biosorption of NH4+, PO43−, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions was studied. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters revealed a complex degradation mechanism of digestates, as they showed higher activation energies than undigested materials. Values for sewage sludge digestate were between 57 and 351 kJ/mol, and for digestate composed of sewage sludge and T. latifolia between 62 and 401 kJ/mol. Characterizations of biochars revealed high nutrient content and promising potential for further use. The advantage of biochar obtained from a digestate mixture of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass is the lower content of heavy metals. Biosorption tests showed low biosorption capacity of digestate-derived biochars and their modifications for NH4+ and PO43− ions, but high biosorption capacity for Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions. Modification with KOH was more efficient than modification with HCl. The digestate-derived biochars exhibited excellent performance in germination tests, especially at concentrations between 6 and 10 wt.%.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kinetics modeling, thermodynamics and thermal performance assessments of pyrolytic decomposition of Moringa oleifera husk and Delonix regia pod. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13862. [PMID: 34226625 PMCID: PMC8257636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-isothermal decomposition of Moringa oleifera husk and Delonix regia seed pod was carried out in an N2 pyrolytic condition with the primary objective of undertaking the kinetics modeling, thermodynamics and thermal performance analyses of the identified samples. Three different isoconversional models, namely, differential Friedman, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Starink techniques were utilized for the deduction of the kinetics data. The thermodynamic parameters were deduced from the kinetic data based on a first-order chemical reaction model. In the kinetics study, a strong correlation (R2 > 0.9) was observed throughout the conversion range for all the kinetic models. The activation energy profiles showed two distinctive regions. In the first region, the average activation energy values were relatively higher-a typical example is in the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa technique-MH (199 kJ/mol) and RP (194 kJ/mol), while in the second region, MH (292 kJ/mol) and RP (234 kJ/mol). It was also demonstrated that the thermal process for the samples experienced endothermic reactions thought the conversion range. In summary, both the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters vary significantly with conversion-underscoring the complexity associated with the thermal conversion of lignocellulosic biomass samples.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Wu L, Deng X, Deng Y, Wu X, Shi L, Li M, Liu Q, Cheng X, Li Z. Improving the flame retardance of hydrophobic silica aerogels through a facile post-doping of magnesium hydroxide. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
21
|
Majid M, Chin BLF, Jawad ZA, Chai YH, Lam MK, Yusup S, Cheah KW. Particle swarm optimization and global sensitivity analysis for catalytic co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris and plastic waste mixtures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124874. [PMID: 33647605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated on the co-pyrolysis of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste mixtures which was performed with three types of catalysts, namely limestone (LS), HZSM-5 zeolite, and novel bi-functional LS/HZSM-5/LS. Kissinger-Kai (K-K) model-free method was coupled with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) model-fitting method using the thermogravimetric experimental data. A global sensitivity analysis was carried out using Latin Hypercube Sampling and rank transformation to assess the extent of impact of the input kinetic parameters on the output results. Furthermore, a thermodynamic analysis was performed to obtain parameters such as enthalpy change (ΔH), Gibb's free energy (ΔG), and entropy change (ΔS). The activation energy (EA) of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and HDPE binary mixture were found to be lower upon the addition of catalysts. Among the catalyst used, bi-functional LS/HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the lowest EA (83.59 kJ/mol) and ΔH (78 kJ/mol) as compared to LS and HZSM-5 catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahrima Majid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Bridgid Lai Fui Chin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Zeinab Abbas Jawad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Yee Ho Chai
- HiCoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Man Kee Lam
- HiCoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Suzana Yusup
- HiCoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Kin Wai Cheah
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom; B3 Challenge Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Determination of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters of Pyrolysis of Coal and Sugarcane Bagasse Blends Pretreated by Ionic Liquid: A Step towards Optimization of Energy Systems. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14092544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrolysis behavior of ionic liquid (IL) pretreated coal and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) blends through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was studied. Three blends of coal and SCB having 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 ratios by weight were treated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim][Cl]) at 150 °C for 3 h. Untreated and IL treated blends were then analyzed under pyrolytic conditions in a TGA at a constant ramp rate of 20 °C/min. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated using ten Coats-Redfern (CR) models to assess reaction mechanism. Results showed that the untreated blends followed a definite pattern and were proportional to the concentration of SCB in the blends. IL treated blends exhibited a higher average rate of degradation and total weight loss, indicating that IL had disrupted the cross-linking structure of coal and lignocellulosic structure of SCB. This will enhance the energy generation potential of biomass through thermochemical conversion processes. The lower activation energy (Ea) was calculated for IL treated blends, revealing facile thermal decomposition after IL treatment. Thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔH), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), and entropy change (ΔS), revealed that the pyrolysis reactions were endothermic. This study would help in designing optimized thermochemical conversion systems for energy generation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Mphahlele K, Matjie RH, Osifo PO. Thermodynamics, kinetics and thermal decomposition characteristics of sewage sludge during slow pyrolysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:112006. [PMID: 33535126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis has shown great potential for sewage sludge valorisation and management by producing value-added chemicals. Although the product process yields are extensively studied, a few studies exist without consensus on the kinetic properties of sewage sludge pyrolysis. As a result, a study to investigate the thermal decomposition characteristics of Gauteng sewage sludge (GSS) at various heating rates (10, 20, and 30 °C/min), its pyrolysis kinetic parameters, reaction mechanism and thermodynamic properties was meticulously conducted. The results show that sewage sludge decomposition occurs in three stages, whereby the main decomposition (active pyrolysis) takes place at 150-570 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis results confirm progression of thermal decomposition of GSS and drive off volatile compounds and formation of aromatic structures during TGA studies of GSS. An increase in heating rate shifts the characteristic temperatures towards higher temperatures with the highest decomposition rate of 1.10%/min.mg at 30 °C/min. The activation energies of GSS pyrolysis were calculated using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Starink methods and averaged as 225.92, 218.04 and 218.97 kJ/mol, respectively. GSS pyrolysis involves complex reaction chemistry with high reactivity whereby reactions that follow third order and three-dimensional diffusion-reaction mechanisms dominated the process. However, these mechanisms cannot be used explicitly to define the global pyrolysis kinetics due to the occurrence of multiple simultaneous reactions. The obtained thermodynamic and kinetic data will advance and amplify the design, simulation and optimisation of global energy pyrolysis units for production of value-added chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katlego Mphahlele
- - Chemical Engineering Department, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbjilpark, 1911, South Africa.
| | - Ratale Henry Matjie
- - Chemical Engineering Department, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbjilpark, 1911, South Africa; - Centre of Excellence in Carbon Based Fuels, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Peter Ogbemudia Osifo
- - Chemical Engineering Department, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbjilpark, 1911, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chu Z, Gong Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Wu J, Wang Z, Guo Y, Zhang J, Li G, Zhang L, Wang H. Experimental study on kinetic characteristics of oil sludge gasification. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chu
- College of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute Jinan China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- College of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Haoteng Zhang
- College of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- College of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- College of New Energy China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Yizhi Guo
- Dalian Yishunlvse Technology Co., Ltd. Dalian China
| | | | - Guoen Li
- Dalian Yishunlvse Technology Co., Ltd. Dalian China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Hongpeng Wang
- Shandong Sunshine Garden Construction Co., Ltd. Dongying China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Combustion Characteristics, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Pine Wood Through Thermogravimetric Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1427-1446. [PMID: 33417234 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The thermal conversion of woody biomass is increasingly critical for the development of the energy processing technologies and fire safety engineering. The combustion characteristics, kinetics, and thermodynamics of pine wood were characterized through a thermogravimetric analyzer in the air atmosphere. There were two apparent peaks in the derivative TG curves for pine wood. The combustion process of pine wood was divided into two stages. Therein, the first stage occurring in the conversion degree range of 0-0.6 may be considered a one-step reaction. It was easier for pine wood to decompose under air than under nitrogen. Moreover, the first stage of pine wood combustion may be characterized by the diffusion model g(α) = [1 - (1 - α)1/3]2. The kinetic modeling showed a good agreement between the predicted and experimental conversion degree curves. In addition, the high comprehensive combustion index of pine wood at 10 K min-1 (6.73 × 10-7 %2 min-2 K-3) showed its great potential for bioenergy generation. Besides, both the value of ΔH and ΔS exhibited similar patterns with the activation energy value versus conversion degree, while the ΔG value almost remained at a positive constant with conversion degree. The average ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS value was nearly equal under different heating rates.
Collapse
|
26
|
Saeed S, Saleem M, Durrani A. Thermal performance analysis of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Hejna M, Moscatelli A, Stroppa N, Onelli E, Pilu S, Baldi A, Rossi L. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals from wastewater through a Typha latifolia and Thelypteris palustris phytoremediation system. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125018. [PMID: 31683415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Animal production is a source of heavy metals in livestock wastewater and also a key link in the food chain, with negative impacts on human and animal health. In intensive animal production systems, the most critical elements are zinc and copper. In order to development of innovative non-invasive strategies to reduce the environmental impact of livestock, this study assessed the ability of two plants, Typha latifolia and Thelypteris palustris, to bioaccumulate the heavy metals used in animal nutrition, from wastewater. Four mesocosms (width 2.0 m, length 2.0 m, 695 L of water, 210 kg of soil) were assembled outdoors at the Botanical Garden. Two of them were planted with T. latifolia (TL treated, n = 30; TL control, n = 30) and two with T. palustris (TP treated, n = 60; TP control, n = 60). In T0 a solution of a mineral additive premix (Zn 44.02 mg/L; Cu 8.63 mg/L) was dissolved in the treated mesocosms. At T0, d 15 (T1) and d 45 (T2) samples of roots, leaves, stems, soil and water were collected, dried, mineralized and analyzed using ICP-MS in order to obtain HMs content. We found that T. latifolia and T. palustris accumulate and translocate Zn, Cu from contaminated wastewater into plant tissues in a way that is directly related to the exposure time (T2 for Zn: 271.64 ± 17.70, 409.26 ± 17.70 for Cu: 47.54 ± 3.56, 105.58 ± 3.56 mg/kg of DM, respectively). No visual toxicity signs were observed during the experimental period. This phytoremediation approach could be used as an eco-sustainable approach to counteract the output of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hejna
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Moscatelli
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nadia Stroppa
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Onelli
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Pilu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Land, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tallam A, Bairy SR, Kalakuntala R, P.V NP, Suranani S. Kinetic Modeling of Citrullus Lanatus (Watermelon) Peel Using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS MODELING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2019-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis work aims at the kinetic studies of the hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization of citrulluslanatus(watermelon) peel. The hydrochar was prepared at optimized conditions regarding Carbon content, High Heating Value and Yield at experimental conditions of 210 °C and 1 h operation. The Watermelon peel hydrocharkineticswereinvestigated at heating rates of 5 °C${\text{mi}}{{\text{n}}^{ - 1}}$, 10 °C${\text{mi}}{{\text{n}}^{ - 1}}$, 15 °C${\text{mi}}{{\text{n}}^{ - 1}}$, & 20 °C${\text{mi}}{{\text{n}}^{ - 1}}$, through thermogravimetric analysis. Two iso-conversional models were applied to compute the kinetic parameters and pyrolysis behavior of hydrochar. The kinetic study using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) model revealed that for a conversion range of 0.1 to 0.8,the activation energy was observed to be in the range of 146 to 220 kJ/mol. Similarly, the activation energies estimated through Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) model also gave a similar range of kinetic energies from 147 to 219 kJ/mol. Moreover, higher pre-exponential factor values explained the convoluted structure of biomass. The regression coefficient (${R^{2\,}}$) for both the models is high and they have shown similar activation energies which confirms that the best reaction mechanism is predicted. This research helps in establishing an economical and efficient technology for producing clean bioenergy and useful chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Tallam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad500075, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Rohith Bairy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad500075, Telangana, India
| | - Raju Kalakuntala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal506004, Telangana, India
| | - Naga Prapurna P.V
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad500075, Telangana, India
| | - Srinath Suranani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal506004, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Comparison of Combustion and Pyrolysis Behavior of the Peanut Shells in Air and N2: Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Gas Emissions. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The influences of four heating rates on the combustion and pyrolysis behavior in the N2 and air atmosphere were investigated by the Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. the distributed activation energy model (DEAM) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) were used to estimate Ea and A, ΔH, ΔG and ΔS. Experimental results showed that the similar thermal behavior emerged, but the temperatures in the air and N2 atmospheres representing the end of the reaction were about 500 °C and 550 °C, respectively. The results of FTIR showed the peak positions were basically the same, but the concentrations of aromatics, aldehydes and ketones produced by pyrolysis in the N2 atmosphere were higher. When the heating rate was 20 K/min, the comprehensive combustion parameters were 56.442 and 6.871 × 10−7%2/(min2• K3) in the air and N2 atmospheres, respectively, indicating that the peanut shells had great potential to become bioenergy.
Collapse
|
30
|
Guan Y, Liu C, Peng Q, Zaman F, Zhang H, Jin Z, Wang A, Wang W, Huang Y. Pyrolysis kinetics behavior of solid leather wastes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 100:122-127. [PMID: 31536922 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the leather industry, considerable amounts of non-recyclable solid leather wastes (SLWs) are produced and accumulated in factories. In this work, the non-isothermal thermochemical analysis (TGA) test was used to analyse the thermal degradation behaviour of chromium-tanned leather shaving, which is one of the main SLWs. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out under nitrogen atmosphere from 30 to 800 °C at different heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min. Three different kinetic models, including the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Kissinger methods, were used to calculate the kinetic parameters. The activation energy values calculated by FWO and KAS methods were 391.79 and 348.77 kJ/mol, respectively. In consideration of the high HHV (14.15 MJ/kg) and carbon productivity (10.15%), SLWs could represent a potential candidate material for bioenergy production and carbon preparation. These results could be used for the design of thermochemical conversion processes utilizing SLWs as feedstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Guan
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chengqiang Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qifan Peng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fakhar Zaman
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaoqing Jin
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Anbang Wang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weikun Wang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaqin Huang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bonilla J, Salazar RP, Mayorga M. Kinetic triplet of Colombian sawmill wastes using thermogravimetric analysis. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02723. [PMID: 31720467 PMCID: PMC6838918 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of sawmill wastes as a raw material in pyrolysis process is presented in this study. Non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG) and isoconversional methods were employed to determine triplet kinetic (activation energy, reaction model and pre-exponential factor). Through TGA and DTG, the conversion degree is described as a function of temperature for five heating rates (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50o C/min) and four model-free methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Friedman, and Vyazovkin) with temperatures ranging from 25 to 1000°C were employed. Isoconversional lines were built for every method at different isoconversional degrees α∈[0,1]. The activation energy E was found as a function of α in the interval χII=[0.2,0.7] where each isoconversional methods were in agreement and the estimated error was sufficiently small. Findings show the same activation energy profile independently of the isoconversional method. In particular the total variation of E in χII was as follows: 209.909–228.238 kJ/mol (FWO); 211.235–229.277 kJ/mol (KAS); 223.050–188.512 kJ/mol (Friedman), and 211.449 kJ/mol-229.512 kJ/mol (Vyazovkin). The reaction model of the process in χII matched with a two-dimensional diffusion (D2) by using a master-plot analysis. The calculated and reported parameters are fundamental information for the pyrolysis reactor design using Sawmill wastes as feedstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bonilla
- Grupo de Investigación de Aprovechamiento Tecnológico de Materiales y Energía, GIATME, Universidad ECCI, Cra. 19 No. 49-20, Bogotá, Código Postal 111311, Colombia
| | - Robert Paul Salazar
- Grupo de Investigación de Aprovechamiento Tecnológico de Materiales y Energía, GIATME, Universidad ECCI, Cra. 19 No. 49-20, Bogotá, Código Postal 111311, Colombia
| | - Manuel Mayorga
- Grupo de Investigación de Aprovechamiento Tecnológico de Materiales y Energía, GIATME, Universidad ECCI, Cra. 19 No. 49-20, Bogotá, Código Postal 111311, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shahid A, Ishfaq M, Ahmad MS, Malik S, Farooq M, Hui Z, Batawi AH, Shafi ME, Aloqbi AA, Gull M, Mehmood MA. Bioenergy potential of the residual microalgal biomass produced in city wastewater assessed through pyrolysis, kinetics and thermodynamics study to design algal biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121701. [PMID: 31271917 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of integrating biological and thermal transformation of microalgal biomass to design a biorefinery was studied. The mixed cultivation of Chlorella sp. and Bracteacoccus sp. in city wastewater produced 12 g L-1 of biomass (0.77 g L-1 day-1) and removed nitrates and phosphates by 68% and 75%, respectively. Microalgae outcompeted the contaminating microbes by raising the pH of wastewater to 9.93. The lipid-free residual biomass was pyrolyzed at four heating rates (10, 20, 30, 40 °C min-1) which showed a three-stage pyrolysis. The activation energies (182-256 kJ mol-1) and their corresponding lower enthalpies at the conversional fractions from 0.2 to 0.6 indicated that product formation was being favored. The values of pre-exponential factors (1015-17 s-1), Gibbs free energy (159-190 kJ mol-1) and entropy (43-81 J mol-1) showed efficient pyrolysis. The data may lead to establish a robust microalgal biorefinery to produce biomass and energy along with primary treatment of city wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shahid
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 430068, China
| | - Sana Malik
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zhu Hui
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Ashwaq Hassan Batawi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Esam Shafi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Munazza Gull
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fong MJB, Loy ACM, Chin BLF, Lam MK, Yusup S, Jawad ZA. Catalytic pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris: Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121689. [PMID: 31252316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, catalytic pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris biomass was conducted to analyse the kinetic and thermodynamic performances through thermogravimetric approach. HZSM-5 zeolite, limestone (LS), bifunctional HZSM-5/LS were used as catalysts and the experiments were heated from 50 to 900 °C at heating rates of 10-100 °C/min. Iso-conversional model-free methods such as Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Starink's, and Vyazovkin (V) were employed to evaluate the kinetic parameters meanwhile the thermodynamic parameters were determined by using FWO and KAS methods. The calculated EA values of non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis of HZSM-5 zeolite, LS, and bifunctional HZSM-5/LS were determined to be in the range of 156.16-158.10 kJ/mol, 145.26-147.84 kJ/mol, 138.81-142.06 kJ/mol, and 133.26 kJ/mol respectively. The results have shown that catalytic pyrolysis with the presence of bifunctional HZSM-5/LS resulted to a lower average EA and ΔH compared to HZSM-5, and LS which indicated less energy requirement in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Jia Bao Fong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Adrian Chun Minh Loy
- Biomass Processing Lab, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Living, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Bridgid Lai Fui Chin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Biomass Processing Lab, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Living, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Biomass Processing Lab, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Living, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Zeinab Abbas Jawad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri Sarawak, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The current market situation shows that large quantities of the brewer’s spent grains (BSG)—the leftovers from the beer productions—are not fully utilized as cattle feed. The untapped BSG is a promising feedstock for cheap and environmentally friendly production of carbonaceous materials in thermochemical processes like hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) or pyrolysis. The use of a singular process results in the production of inappropriate material (HTC) or insufficient economic feasibility (pyrolysis), which hinders their application on a larger scale. The coupling of both processes can create synergies and allow the mentioned obstacles to be overcome. To investigate the possibility of coupling both processes, we analyzed the thermal degradation of raw BSG and BSG-derived hydrochars and assessed the solid material yield from the singular as well as the coupled processes. This publication reports the non-isothermal kinetic parameters of pyrolytic degradation of BSG and derived hydrochars produced in three different conditions (temperature-retention time). It also contains a summary of their pyrolytic char yield at four different temperatures. The obtained KAS (Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose) average activation energy was 285, 147, 170, and 188 kJ mol−1 for BSG, HTC-180-4, HTC-220-2, and HTC-220-4, respectively. The pyrochar yield for all hydrochar cases was significantly higher than for BSG, and it increased with the severity of the HTC’s conditions. The results reveal synergies resulting from coupling both processes, both in the yield and the reduction of the thermal load of the conversion process. According to these promising results, the coupling of both conversion processes can be beneficial. Nevertheless, drying and overall energy efficiency, as well as larger scale assessment, still need to be conducted to fully confirm the concept.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kumar M, Sabbarwal S, Mishra PK, Upadhyay SN. Thermal degradation kinetics of sugarcane leaves (Saccharum officinarum L) using thermo-gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric studies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:262-270. [PMID: 30735936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) leaves (SCL) has been investigated using DTA/TGA and DSC techniques. Proximate and ultimate analyses and calorific value measurement have been carried out using standard protocols. The sugar cane leaves contain 44% cellulose, 22% hemicellulose and 17% lignin. The pyrolysis have been carried out at six heating rates varying from 5 to 40 °C/min. Analysis of the pyrolysis results has been carried using iso-conversional model free methods as well as multiple linear regression method. For the fractional conversion range of 0.05-0.95, the average apparent activation energy values evaluated from iso-conversional methods have ranged from 214.9 to 239.6 kJ/mol where as in the case of multiple linear regression analysis it has ranged from 25.06 to 57.23 kJ/mol. The multi-step reaction mechanism has been investigated using the Criado method. The results of this study are useful for the design of large scale biomass thermal conversion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shivesh Sabbarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S N Upadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sustainable Valorization of Animal Manure and Recycled Polyester: Co-pyrolysis Synergy. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11082280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study sustainable valorization of cattle manure, recycled polyester, and their blend (1:1 wt.%) were examined by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. Pyrolysis tests were performed at 10, 30, and 50 °C/min heating rate from room temperature to 1000 °C under a nitrogen environment with a flow of 100 cm3/min. Kinetics of decomposition were analyzed by using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method. Based on activation energies and conversion points, a single region was established for recycled polyester while three regions of pyrolysis were obtained for cattle manure and their blend. Comparison between experimental and theoretical profiles indicated synergistic interactions during co-pyrolysis in the high temperature region. The apparent activation energies calculated by FWO method for cattle manure, recycled polyester. and their blend were 194.62, 254.22 and 227.21 kJ/mol, respectively. Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters, including E, ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS, have shown that cattle manure and recycled polyester blend is a remarkable feedstock for bioenergy.
Collapse
|
37
|
Qiao Y, Wang B, Ji Y, Xu F, Zong P, Zhang J, Tian Y. Thermal decomposition of castor oil, corn starch, soy protein, lignin, xylan, and cellulose during fast pyrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:287-295. [PMID: 30708332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the pyrolysis behavior of castor oil, corn starch, soy protein, lignin, xylan, and cellulose. The pyrolysis behavior, gaseous product evolution, kinetics and thermodynamics of these model compounds were investigated via TG-FTIR under high heating rates. The TG/DTG curves showed that castor oil had the widest pyrolysis temperature zone and lignin had the highest residual rate. The apparent activation energy of these model compounds was calculated by Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method. The kinetic results revealed that the average bond energy of chemical compositions was in the order of lipid > lignin > starch > cellulose > protein > hemicellulose. The pre-exponential factor analysis showed that there were a large number of surface reactions for soy protein and xylan during pyrolysis, however other model compounds were not surface controlled. The thermodynamic parameters including G, ΔS, ΔH for six model compounds were also calculated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yaoyao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Fanfan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Peijie Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jinhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yuanyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cai H, Zou H, Liu J, Xie W, Kuo J, Buyukada M, Evrendilek F. Thermal degradations and processes of waste tea and tea leaves via TG-FTIR: Combustion performances, kinetics, thermodynamics, products and optimization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:715-725. [PMID: 30145379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study characterized the kinetic, thermodynamic and performance parameters, products, factorial interactions, and optimal conditions of combustions of waste tea (WT) and tea leaves (TL) in N2/O2 and CO2/O2 atmospheres through a thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). The main combustion occurred in the range of 200-600 °C. The increased heating rate increased all the combustion parameters regardless of the fuel and atmosphere type. Activation energy was shown different change tendency with the increasing conversion (α). CO2, H2O, CH4, CO, CO, NH3, and HCN were the main gas products of WT and TL combustions. A three-way interaction among fuel type, atmosphere type and heating rate was found to be significant. The joint optimization of mass loss, derivative TG, and differential scanning calorimetry was achieved using 1049.3 °C, TL, 40 °C/min, and CO2/O2 atmosphere for the operational settings of temperature, fuel type, heating rate, and atmosphere type, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huihuang Zou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wuming Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahong Kuo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Musa Buyukada
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Ardahan University, Ardahan 75002, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
He Y, Chang C, Li P, Han X, Li H, Fang S, Chen J, Ma X. Thermal decomposition and kinetics of coal and fermented cornstalk using thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 259:294-303. [PMID: 29573608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The thermal behavior and kinetics of Yiluo coal (YC) and the residues of fermented cornstalk (FC) were investigated in this study. The Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods were used for the kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis process. The results showed that the activation energy (Eα) was increased with the increase of the thermal conversion rate (α), and the average values of Eα of YC, FC and the blend (mYC/mFC = 6/4) were 304.26, 224.94 and 233.46 kJ/mol, respectively. The order reaction model function for the blend was also developed by the master-plots method. By comparing the Ea and the enthalpy, it was found that the blend was favored to format activated complex due to the lower potential energy barrier. Meanwhile, the average value of Gibbs free energy of the blend was 169.83 kJ/mol, and the changes of entropies indicated that the pyrolysis process was evolved from ordered-state to disordered-state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Chun Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Henan Outstanding Foreign Scientists' Workroom, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Pan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Henan Outstanding Foreign Scientists' Workroom, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiuli Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Henan Outstanding Foreign Scientists' Workroom, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Henan Outstanding Foreign Scientists' Workroom, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Shuqi Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Henan Outstanding Foreign Scientists' Workroom, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Junying Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Henan Outstanding Foreign Scientists' Workroom, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Henan Outstanding Foreign Scientists' Workroom, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ali I. Misuse of pre-exponential factor in the kinetic and thermodynamic studies using thermogravimetric analysis and its implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
41
|
Saikia R, Baruah B, Kalita D, Pant KK, Gogoi N, Kataki R. Pyrolysis and kinetic analyses of a perennial grass (Saccharum ravannae L.) from north-east India: Optimization through response surface methodology and product characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:304-314. [PMID: 29413996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to optimize the pyrolysis condition of an abundantly available and low cost perennial grass of north-east India Saccharum ravannae L. (S. ravannae) using response surface methodology based on central composite design. Kinetic study of the biomass was conducted at four different heating rates of 10, 20, 40 and 60 °C min-1 and results were interpreted by Friedman, Kissinger Akira Sunnose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods. Average activation energy 151.45 kJ mol-1 was used for evaluation of reaction mechanism following Criado master plot. Maximum bio-oil yield of 38.1 wt% was obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 550 °C, heating rate of 20 °C min-1 and nitrogen flow rate of 226 mL min-1. Study on bio-oil quality revealed higher content of hydrocarbon, antioxidant property, total phenolic content and metal chelating capacity. These opened up probable applications of S. ravannae bio-oil in different fields including fuel, food industry and biomedical domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruprekha Saikia
- Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Bhargav Baruah
- Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Dipankar Kalita
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kamal K Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Nirmali Gogoi
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Rupam Kataki
- Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|