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Tian H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Stress response and signalling of a low-temperature bioaugmentation system in decentralized wastewater treatment: Degradation characteristics, community structure, and bioaugmented mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118257. [PMID: 37290305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures present challenges for stable wastewater treatment operations in cold regions. Low-temperature effective microorganisms (LTEM) were added as a bioaugmentation strategy at a decentralized treatment facility to improve performance. The effects of a low-temperature bioaugmentation system (LTBS) with LTEM at low temperatures (4 °C) on organic pollutant performance, microbial community changes, and the metabolic pathways of functional genes and functional enzymes were studied. To explore the bioaugmentation mechanism of LTBS based on stress response and signalling. The results showed that the start-up time of the LTBS (S2) with LTEM was shorter (8 days) and that it removed COD and NH4+-N at higher rates (87 % and 72 %, respectively) at 4 °C. LTEM effectively degraded complex macromolecular organics into small molecular organics, and decomposing sludge flocs and the changing the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) structure removed more organics and nitrogen. LTEM and local microbial communities (nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria) improved the ability of organic matter degradation and denitrification of the LTBS and formed a core microbial community dominated by LTEM (Bacillus and Pseudomonas). Finally, based on the functional enzymes and metabolic pathways of the LTBS, a low-temperature strengthening mechanism consisting of 6 cold stress responses and signal pathways under low temperatures was formed. This study demonstrated that the LTEM-dominated LTBS could provide an engineering alternative for future decentralized wastewater treatment in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Qianqian Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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2
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Chen H, Wang K, She S, Yu X, Yu L, Xue G, Li X. Insight into dissolved organic nitrogen transformation and characteristics: Focus on printing and dyeing wastewater treatment process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 450:131086. [PMID: 36857832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Textile industry discharges large amounts of printing and dyeing wastewater (PDW) containing high concentration of refractory dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). However, the DON transformation and characteristics during PDW treatment, and its potential environment impact receive little concern. Treatment groups of dyeing wastewater (G-RB5), printing wastewater (G-Urea) and domestic wastewater (G-NH4Cl) with Reactive Black 5 (RB5), Urea and NH4Cl as influent nitrogen species were set to compare the DON behavior during the hydrolytic acidification-aerobic-anoxic process. G-RB5 exhibited higher DON concentrations with greater fluctuations, and its effluent dominated low molecular weight (LMW) and hydrophilic DON, showing high bioavailability (67.6%) and low biodegradation (8.0%). In the aerobic section, the concentration of microorganism-derived DON in G-RB5 was higher but the nitrogen species were fewer than G-Urea and G-NH4Cl. Grey relational analysis revealed that Proteobacteria and Thauera were the common bacteria strains showing high association degree (γ > 0.9) with biodegradable DON (ABDON) in all groups; while microbes related with biodegradable DON (BDON) varied between groups. The higher contents of DON, ABDON, LMW-DON and hydrophilic DON induced by RB5 highlight the importance of controlling DON from textile industry to mitigate the potential risk like algae growth stimulation, which needs more attention in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shuaiqi She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Luying Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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3
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Kong Y, Wang G, Chen W, Yang Y, Ma R, Li D, Shen Y, Li G, Yuan J. Phytotoxicity of farm livestock manures in facultative heap composting using the seed germination index as indicator. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114251. [PMID: 36327785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Static facultative heap composting of animal manure is widely used in China, but there is almost no systematic research on the phytotoxicity of the produced compost. Here, we evaluated the phytotoxic variation in compost produced by facultative heap composting of four types of animal manure (chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure, and cattle manure) using different plant seeds (cucumber, radish, Chinese cabbage, and oilseed rape) to determine germination index (GI). The key factors that affected GI values were identified, including the dynamics of the phytotoxicity and microbial community during heap composting. Sensitivity to toxicity differed depending on the type of plant seed used. Phytotoxicity during facultative heap composting, evaluated by the GI, was in the order: chicken manure (0-6.6 %) < pig manure (14.4-90.5 %) < sheep manure (46.0-93.0 %) < cattle manure (50.2-105.8 %). Network analysis showed that the volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was positively correlated with Firmicutes abundance, and NH4+-N was correlated with Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. More bacteria were stimulated to participate in conversions of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved nitrogen, VFA, and ammonia-nitrogen (NH4+-N) in sheep manure heap composting than that in other manure. The GI was most affected by VFA in chicken manure and cattle manure heap composting, while NH4+-N was the main factor affecting the GI in pig manure and sheep manure compost. The dissolved carbon and nitrogen content and composition, as well as the core and proprietary microbial communities, were the primary factors that affected the succession of phytotoxic substances in facultative heap composting, which in turn affected GI values. In this study, the key pathways of livestock manure composting that affected GI and phytotoxicity were found and evaluated, which provided new insights and theoretical support for the safe use of organic fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215128, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215128, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215128, China.
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4
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Huang X, Yao K, Yu J, Dong W, Zhao Z. Nitrogen removal performance and microbial characteristics during simultaneous chemical phosphorus removal process using Fe 3. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127972. [PMID: 36122847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of Fe3+ on nitrogen (N) removal and associated microbial characteristics during simultaneous chemical phosphorus (P) removal, a sequencing batch reactor was used to analyze the changes in the microbial community and metabolic pathways caused by Fe3+ addition. Results demonstrated that Fe3+ promoted ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal and inhibited denitrification process, and increased the sludge particles (D50) and the biomass per sludge particle size. Furthermore, the abundances of denitrifying bacteria (Haliangium and Terrimonas) and biological phosphorus removing bacteria (Halaingium, norank_f_Saprospiraceae and SM1A02) were decreased. On the contrary, the increase of nitrifying bacteria abundance and the coding genes of nitrification-related enzymes confirmed the promotion for nitrification with Fe3+ addition. Besides, Fe3+ inhibited the interspecific relationship between denitrifying bacteria genera and other genera to reduce denitrification efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianghua Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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5
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Liu C, Huang G, Song P, An C, Zhang P, Shen J, Ren S, Zhao K, Huang W, Xu Y, Zheng R. Treatment of decentralized low-strength livestock wastewater using microcurrent-assisted multi-soil-layering systems: performance assessment and microbial analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133536. [PMID: 34999101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of decentralized livestock wastewater without effective treatment has become a common problem in rural areas, threatening the regional water environment. A new microcurrent-assisted multi-soil-layering (MSL) system was developed for treating rural decentralized livestock wastewater. The results showed the highest removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) in MSL systems reached 95.45% and 92.0%, respectively. The removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) in MSL systems ranged from 60 to 75%. The bacterial diversity changes among MSL systems showed that high-level height of bottom submergence had a positive effect on the abundance of denitrifying bacteria, while low-level height of bottom submergence had a positive impact on the abundance of nitrifying bacteria. The effect of low-level external voltage on bacterial abundance was better than that of high-level external voltage. Both high- and low-level influent C/N ratios had no significant effect on bacterial abundance. The metabolism and activity of microorganisms were promoted with microcurrent stimulation from the perspective of increased bacterial abundance in MSL systems with improved treatment performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guohe Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China-Canada Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Environmental Systems Engineering Program, University of Regina, Regina, S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Pei Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Environmental Systems Engineering Program, University of Regina, Regina, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jian Shen
- Environmental Systems Engineering Program, University of Regina, Regina, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Shaojie Ren
- China-Canada Center of Energy, Environment and Sustainability Research, UR-SDU, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Environmental Systems Engineering Program, University of Regina, Regina, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Wendy Huang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ye Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rubing Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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6
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di Biase A, Flores-Orozco D, Patidar R, Kowalski MS, Jabari P, Kumar A, Devlin TR, Oleszkiewicz JA. Performance and recovery of nitrifying biofilm after exposure to prolonged starvation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133323. [PMID: 34921854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Achieving consistent ammonia removal in post-lagoon processes faces two major challenges impacting nitrifiers due to the unique seasonal variation of lagoon-based systems: summer to winter temperature drop and summer to fall ammonia starvation period while lagoon is removing ammonia. The objective of this study was to follow microbial diversity and define conditions that could overcome these challenges in a post-lagoon moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) operated at an initial surface area loading rate (SALR) of 0.3 g-NH4-N m-2d-1 from mesophilic (20 °C) to psychrophilic (4 °C). Initially the temperature was maintained at 20 °C and decreased to 10 °C until steady state was achieved. During starvation conditions (i.e., continuous, intermittent and no aeration without inflow; decanted media; and intermittent and continuous ammonia supplement) the temperature was decreased by 2 °C per week until 4 °C. The results indicated that operational procedures, such as intermittent ammonia supplement with SALR of 0.15 g-NH4-N m-2d-1 could improve performance with 80% ammonia removal achieved immediately after starvation period. Intermittent ammonia supplement had produced the greatest biofilm preservation comparable to the initial load with the highest specific and surface area removal rates. In the recovery phase (initial load restoration) 10 days were required to reestablish performance above 95% ammonia removal. When temperature was decreased from mesophilic to psychrophilic, the microbial diversity was found higher when starving biofilm compared to the control operated at the initial load while it converged to a similar population over recovery. The main actors associated to nitrification enriched at psychrophilic conditions were Proteobacteria and Bacteriodotes at phyla level. Ammonia oxidation to nitrite was mainly driven by the order Burkholderiales and nitrite oxidation to nitrate by Pseudomonadales. This procedure should be considered in the implementation of full-scale post-lagoon MBBR technologies to ensure reliable, robust, and consistent performance despite the inherent seasonal variability of lagoon-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro di Biase
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 5V6.
| | - Daniel Flores-Orozco
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 5V6
| | - Rakesh Patidar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 5V6
| | - Maciej S Kowalski
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 5V6
| | | | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 5V6
| | - Tanner R Devlin
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 5V6; Nexom, Winnipeg, Canada, R2J 3R8
| | - Jan A Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 5V6
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7
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Wang G, Yang Y, Kong Y, Ma R, Yuan J, Li G. Key factors affecting seed germination in phytotoxicity tests during sheep manure composting with carbon additives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126809. [PMID: 34388932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The germination index (GI) was widely applied to evaluate the phytotoxicity of compost. This study investigated the key phytotoxicity factors affecting seed germination in compost by using aqueous extracts in seed germination tests. The relationship between water-soluble substances in compost and seed germination, and their association with the microbial community were identified. In this study, sheep manure (SM) composted along or with three carbon additives (mushroom substrate, MS; cornstalks, CS; garden substrate, GS) for 49 days and, during this time, changes in multiple physical-chemical parameters, carbon and nitrogen matters, germination indexes (GI) and the compost microbiome were monitored. The results showed that all additives decreased water-soluble total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and low molecular weight organic acids, and significantly improved the seed germination indexes (seed germination rate, radical length and GI). The GI was correlated with water-soluble carbon degradation products (TOC, butyric acid, humic acid) and certain bacteria (Planifilum, Oceanobacillus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005 and Saccharomonospora). A structural equation model revealed that the main factors affecting seed germination were TOC (SM compost), acetic acid (SM+MS compost), humic acid (SM+CS compost), and pH (SM+GS compost). Low TOC and low molecular weight organic acids contents and higher humic acid content promoted GI. The research results could provide theoretical basis and measures for directional regulation of compost maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yilin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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8
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Feng Q, Luo L, Chen X, Zhang K, Fang F, Xue Z, Li C, Cao J, Luo J. Facilitating biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa via exogenous N-Acy-L-homoserine lactones stimulation: Regulation on the bacterial motility, adhesive ability and metabolic activity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125727. [PMID: 34411944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The N-Acy-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) mediated quorum sensing (QS) system exhibited important ecological significance in bacterial biofilm formation. However, the previous studies mainly focused on indigenous AHLs while the role of exogenous AHLs has remained unclear. This study evaluated the roles of exogenous AHLs on the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both the C6-HSL and C8-HSL promoted the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa with an enhancement of 2.47 and 1.88 times, respectively. Further analysis showed that exogenous AHLs contributed greatly to the adhesive ability instead of growth rate. Also, the bacterial motility and metabolic activities were significantly improved by AHLs. Moreover, the microbial functional genes (i.e. lasI, lasR, rhlI and rhlR) involved in regulating the biofilm formation were highly expressed in AHLs reactors. These findings expanded the knowledge of AHLs functions in mediating biofilm formation, and provided insightful guidance on the biofilm regulation in the wastewater treatment via biofilm technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Laiwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xindi Chen
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Kaijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhaoxia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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9
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Zheng K, Li H, Wang S, Wang Y, Li A, Feng X, Li J. Enhanced proteins and amino acids production based on ammonia nitrogen assimilation and sludge increment by the integration of bioadsorption with anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAO) process. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130721. [PMID: 33962293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poor effect of contaminants removal efficiency and low organic matter content of activated sludge are common in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China due to the low-strength wastewater. An anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAO) and an adsorption/AAO (A/AAO) combined system were established simultaneously to conduct a comparative study for realizing the conversion of carbon source in influent and the enrichment and recovery of proteins and amino acids through the assimilation of ammonia nitrogen. The experimental results showed that 63.5% of the organic matter in influent was adsorbed and flocculated in adsorption process, and the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in A/AAO process were 88.7%, 77.1%, and 93.0% respectively, which were remarkably better than those in AAO process owing to the addition of improved carbon source. Ammonia assimilation rate of A/AAO process was 26.7% higher than that of AAO process, which implied that the ammonia used to synthesize sludge protein was prominently increased. Furthermore, intracellular proteins and amino acids in A/AAO process were 20% higher than those of AAO process, and the quality was equivalent with fish meal or soybean meal as feed. In addition, the microbial community analysis based on 16S rDNA was conducted. Dechloromonas, Zoogloea, Nitrospira, and Flavobacterium were the main genera, and played important roles in nutrient removal and ammonia nitrogen assimilation. The integration of adsorption process was significant to low-strength wastewater treatment and the improvement of excess sludge quality, which is a prospective inspiration for the resource recovery-based wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huaibo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ji Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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10
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Cheng C, Geng J, Hu H, Shi Y, Gao R, Wang X, Ren H. In-situ sludge reduction performance and mechanism in an anoxic/aerobic process coupled with alternating aerobic/anaerobic side-stream reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:145856. [PMID: 33677286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge process with anaerobic side-stream reactors (SR) in the sludge recirculation can achieve in-situ sludge reduction, but sludge reduction efficiency is limited with the low hydraulic retention time (HRT) of SR. An anoxic/aerobic (AO) process, AO coupled with anaerobic SR and AO coupled with alternating aerobic/anaerobic side-stream reactor (AO-OASR) were operated to investigate enhancing effects of alternative aerobic and anaerobic condition (AltOA) in SR on sludge reduction and pollutants removal performance. The AltOA was firstly proposed into SR with a low HRT during the long-term continuous operation. The results showed that AO-OASR presented a lower effluent COD concentration (29.6%) with no adverse effect on nitrogen removal, compared to AO, owing to the intensified refractory carbon reuse in the mainstream aerobic tank. The sludge yield in AO-OASR (0.240 g SS/g COD) was 39.7% lower than that in AO. The OASR accelerated sludge lysis and particle organic matter hydrolysis due to the weakened network strength of flocs, leading to an enhanced increase (17.3 mg/L) of dissolved organic matter (DOM), especially for the fraction of molecular weight (MW) < 25 kDa. The OASR reduced the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content for heterotrophic anabolism in the mainstream reactor by 42.9%, compared to the ASR. MW < 25 kDa of DOM caused the disturbance of oxidative phosphorylation with a decreasing ATP synthase activity under high-level electronic transport system, leading to ATP dissipation. The cooperation interaction of predator (norank_Chitinophagales), hydrolytic/fermentative bacteria (unclassified_Bacteroidia and Delftia), and slow grower (Trichococcus) played a key role in improving the sludge reduction and carbon reuse in AO-OASR. The results provided an efficient and cost-saving technology for sludge reduction with modified SR under low HRT, which is meaningful to overcome the present bottleneck of deficient reduction efficiency for application in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China; Yixing Environmental Protection Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 214200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yihan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rongwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China; Yixing Environmental Protection Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 214200, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Zheng F, Wang J, Xiao R, Chai W, Xing D, Lu H. Dissolved organic nitrogen in wastewater treatment processes: Transformation, biosynthesis and ecological impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116436. [PMID: 33493760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the upgrade of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to meet more stringent discharge limits for nutrients, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is present at an increasing percentage (up to 85%) in the effluent. Discharged DON is of great environmental concern due to its potentials in stimulating algal growth and forming toxic nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs). This article systematically reviewed the characteristics, transformation and ecological impacts of wastewater DON. Proteins, amino acids and humic substances are the abundant DON compounds, but a large fraction (nearly 50%) of DON remains uncharacterized. Biological treatment processes play a dominant role in DON transformation (65-90%), where DON serves as both nutrient and energy sources. Despite of the above progress, critical knowledge gaps remain in DON functional duality, relationship with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) species, and coupling/decoupling with the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. Development of more rapid and accurate quantification methods, modeling transformation processes, and assessing DON-associated eutrophication and N-DBP formation risks should be given priority in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Chai
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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12
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Tian H, Hui M, Pan P, Huang J, Chen L, Zhao J. Performance and microbial ecology of biofilms adhering on aerated membrane with distinctive conditions for the treatment of domestic sewage. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:459-467. [PMID: 31204896 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1631890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When used to treat domestic wastewater, biofilms adhering to oxygen-permeable membranes are generally altered by environmental conditions. In this study, the effect of common conditions, including salinity, temperature, air-supplying pressure, flow velocity, influent COD, and NH4-N on the biofilm structure were determined. Principal component analysis revealed that archaeal community was more easily affected by the changing conditions than bacteria. The subsequent redundancy analysis showed that salinity had the most influence on bacteria, followed by temperature, influent COD, flow velocity, pressure, and influent NH4-N. In archaea, temperature had the highest effect, followed by flow velocity, salinity, influent NH4-N, pressure, and influent COD. The key bacterial class Anaerolineae was not easily influenced by the above conditions, but the population probably contributed to the nitrogen removal. Gammaproteobacteria was promoted significantly by influent NH4-N concentration, salinity, and pressure. Betaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria were apparently inhibited by the high salinity and contributed to the organic compound degradation. Flow velocity primarily promoted the growth of Alphaproteobacteria. Candidatus Nitrososphaera had a higher tolerance for salinity but lower tolerance for influent NH4-N than Nitrosomonas. The former probably played a more crucial role in ammoxidation. Methanomethylovorans might disrupt nitrogen removal because it could consume the carbon source for denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Tian
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hui
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Pan
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Zhao
- Materials Energy Conservation Center, Beijing, PR People's Republic of China
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13
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Mehrani MJ, Sobotka D, Kowal P, Ciesielski S, Makinia J. The occurrence and role of Nitrospira in nitrogen removal systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 303:122936. [PMID: 32059161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Application of the modern microbial techniques changed the paradigm about the microorganisms performing nitrification. Numerous investigations recognized representatives of the genus Nitrospira as a key and predominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in biological nutrient removal systems, especially under low dissolved oxygen and substrate conditions. The recent discovery of Nitrospira capable of performing complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) raised a fundamental question about the actual role of Nitrospira in both nitrification steps. This review summarizes the current knowledge about morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics of the canonical and comammox Nitrospira. Potential implications of comammox for the functional aspects of nitrogen removal have been highlighted. The complex meta-analysis of literature data was applied to identify specific individual variables and their combined interactions on the Nitrospira abundance. In addition to dissolved oxygen and influent nitrogen concentrations, temperature and pH may play an important role in enhancing or suppressing the Nitrospira activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Javad Mehrani
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominika Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Kowal
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ciesielski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Sloneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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14
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Huang X, Dong W, Wang H, Feng Y, Sun F, Zhou T. Sludge alkaline fermentation enhanced anaerobic- multistage anaerobic/oxic (A-MAO) process to treat low C/N municipal wastewater: Nutrients removal and microbial metabolic characteristics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122583. [PMID: 32014734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to present a strategy that utilizing semi-continuous flow primary sludge fermentation liquor as carbon source for anaerobic- multistage anaerobic/oxic (A-MAO) process to treat low chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) (C/N) ratio municipal wastewater. The results showed that adding fermentation liquor resulted in average TN and total phosphorus (TP) concentration in effluent decreased from 33 and 2.80 mg L-1 to 9.2 and 0.23 mg L-1, respectively, which met wastewater discharge standard. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that bacterial richness increased and diversity decreased with fermentation liquor adding, and the dominant genera varied from Methylophilaceae and Methylotenera to unclassified_f_Rhodocyclaceae, noran k_f__env.OPS_17, and Azospira. Meanwhile, the abundance of metabolism and organismal systems in A-MAO process rose from 48.42% and 0.74% to 49.52% and 0.78%. The improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal with fermentation adding was based on the increment of enzyme coding genes in nitrogen and phosphorus pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yangyang Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fieyun Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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15
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Song P, Huang G, Hong Y, An C, Xin X, Zhang P. A biophysiological perspective on enhanced nitrate removal from decentralized domestic sewage using gravitational-flow multi-soil-layering systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124868. [PMID: 31542583 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-soil-layering (MSL) system with brick-wall pattern structure and gravitational flow can be used for decentralized rural domestic sewage treatment. The capability of soil for contaminant removal is maximized within soil mixture blocks (SMBs). However, the performance of removing nitrate was still not ideal during operation. To improve its performance in MSL system, the relationship between biophysiological characteristics of denitrifying species and operating conditions was studied. Microbial species diversity of activated sludge and soil samples were analyzed. The significant effects of independent factors and their interactions on microbial species diversity and denitrifying species abundance were revealed on the basis of factorial analysis. The results indicated activated sludge in SMBs played a key role in increasing the richness of denitrifying species in MSL system. Slow-release poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) had the most dominant positive effect on increasing denitrifying species abundance. Submersion had significantly positive effect on species richness in SMBs. These three factors, including activated sludge, PBS in SMBs, and submersion condition had different significant effects on microbial responses. They were favorable for denitrification and ensuring a better removal efficiency of nitrate and total nitrogen. The porous zeolites were served as the habitats for most of aerobic bacteria to form biofilms, which could promote the oxygen consumption in both sewage and system to improve denitrification in SMBs. The results could help on the enhancement of denitrification in MSL system from biophysiological insights. It can provide a sound strategy for using MSL system with great performance on contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guohe Huang
- Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yongyuan Hong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Xiaying Xin
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, S4S 0A2, Canada
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16
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Zhao L, Su C, Chen S, Ye Z, Wei X, Yao T, Li G, Wang P. Expanded granular sludge blanket reactor treatment of food waste at ambient temperature: Analysis of nitrogen compositions and microbial community structure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122134. [PMID: 31542499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The influent and effluent nitrogen compositions of an expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor employed for treating food waste (FW) operated under ambient temperature was evaluated. Additionally, dynamic changes in the bacterial community structures and its metabolic functions were investigated. Results show that the EGSB reactor had a good effect on FW disposal and well resistance to variations in the organic loading rate. Furthermore, the COD concentration in the influent increased to about 10,000 mg/L and the COD removal rate stabilized at about 95%. The dissolved ammonia nitrogen (d-ammonia) content was the largest, accounting for approximately 70-80% of the dissolved nitrogen in the effluent. The amount of particulate organic nitrogen (PON) decreased by about 25%-33%. Amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism decreased at high organic loading rate (OLR). Meanwhile, the abundance of Methanothrix increased from 30.82% to 70.25%, whereas Methanobacterium decreased from 66.14% to 14.49%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China; School of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Shuxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
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17
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Liao K, Hu H, Ma S, Ren H. Effect of microbial activity and microbial community structure on the formation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and bioavailable DON driven by low temperatures. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 159:397-405. [PMID: 31121407 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) formed by microbial metabolism in wastewater treatment processes adversely impacts wastewater reuse and receiving waters quality, and microbial metabolism is greatly influenced by temperatures. However, little is known about the effect of microorganisms on DON and bioavailable DON (ABDON) formation under low temperatures. In this study, six reactors were operated at low (8 °C and 15 °C) and room (25 °C) temperatures to evaluate the relationship between microbial activity, microbial communities, and DON and ABDON. Results showed that DON and ABDON concentrations significantly increased at low temperatures (p < 0.05, t-test). DON formation was significantly correlated to microbial activity only, with adenosine triphosphate (negative, r = -0.64) and polysaccharide (positive, r = 0.61) as key indicators; however, ABDON formation was influenced by both microbial activity (polysaccharide > triphenyltetrazolium chloride-dehydrogenases > adenosine triphosphate) and microbial community structure. Short-term tests using the biomass from six reactors were performed at room temperature to further validate the relationship. The distinct differences between these results provide a basis for different strategies on reducing effluent DON and ABDON under low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sijia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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18
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Cinà P, Bacci G, Arancio W, Gallo G, Fani R, Puglia AM, Di Trapani D, Mannina G. Assessment and characterization of the bacterial community structure in advanced activated sludge systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:254-261. [PMID: 30870691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to assess and characterize the structure of bacterial community in advanced activated sludge systems. In particular, activated sludge samples were collected from an Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge - Membrane Bioreactor pilot plant under a University of Cape Town configuration with in-series anaerobic (Noair)/anoxic (Anox)/aerobic (Oxy) reactors - and further analyzed. The achieved results - based on Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of 16S rDNA amplicons - revealed that the bacterial biofilm (bf) communities on plastic carriers of Oxy and Anox reactors had a greater diversity compared to suspended (sp) bacterial flocs of Oxy, Anox and Noair. Indeed, the Shannon diversity indices of both biofilm communities were higher than those of suspended growth samples (Oxy-bf = 4.1 and Anox-bf = 4.2 vs. Oxy-sp = 3.4, Anox-sp = 3.5 and Noair-sp = 3.4). The most striking differences have been reported in Rhodobacteraceae being more abundant in biofilm specimens than in suspended biomass samples. The vast majority of the identified bacteria differs from those obtained by culture dependent method, thus suggesting that NGS-based method is really suitable to analyze the bacterial community composition, even in advanced systems for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cinà
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bacci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Walter Arancio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Puglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Trapani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
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19
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Gao X, Tan W, Zhao Y, Wu J, Sun Q, Qi H, Xie X, Wei Z. Diversity in the Mechanisms of Humin Formation during Composting with Different Materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3653-3662. [PMID: 30821974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Humins (HMs) play a very important role in various environmental processes and are crucial for regulating global carbon and nitrogen cycles in various ecosystems. Composting is a controlled decomposition process accompanied by the stabilization of organic solid waste materials. During composting, active fractions of organic substances can be transformed into HMs containing stable and complex macromolecules. However, the structural heterogeneity and formation mechanisms of HMs during composting with various substrates have not been clarified. Here, the structure and composition of HMs extracted from livestock manure (LM) and straw (SW) during composting were investigated by excitation-emission matrices spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the stability and humification of LM-HM were lower than that of SW-HM. The parallel factor analysis components of the HM in LM composting contained the same fluorescent unit, and the intermediate of cellulose degradation affected the structure of the HM from SW composting. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that low-molecular-weight compounds were key factors in humification. On the basis of the structure and key factors impacting HM, we constructed two mechanisms for the formation of HM from different composting processes. The LM-HMs from different humification processes have multiple identical fluorescent structural units, and the high humification of SW is affected by its polysaccharide constituents, which contains a fluorescent component in their skeleton, providing a basis for studying HM in composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Gao
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012 , China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Junqiu Wu
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Qinghong Sun
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Haishi Qi
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
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20
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Xu H, Lin C, Chen W, Shen Z, Liu Z, Chen T, Wang Y, Li Y, Lu C, Luo J. Effects of pipe material on nitrogen transformation, microbial communities and functional genes in raw water transportation. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:188-197. [PMID: 29957407 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Raw water transportation pipelines are vital in an urban water supply system for transporting raw water to drinking water treatment plants. This study investigated the effects of pipe material on nitrogen transformation, microbial communities and characteristics of related function genes in paint-lined steel pipe (PLSP) and cement-lined steel pipe (CLSP) raw water model systems. We established quantitative relationships between specific functional genes and change rates of nitrogen pollutants, which were verified by field investigation on nitrogen pollutant transformations in real raw water transportation systems. The results showed that the CLSP produced higher ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) transformation rates and higher effluent concentrations of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) than the PLSP. Both pipes achieved high and stable nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) and low total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency. Nitrification was found to be the dominant process in both model systems, especially in the CLSP. Characteristics of microbial communities and nitrogen functional genes, which were analysed by high-throughput pyrosequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively, varied between the two pipe systems. Nitrogen transformation pathways, identified by path analysis, were also different between the PLSP and CLSP due to different microbial community characteristics and synergistic effects of nitrogen functional genes. In the CLSP, (NH4+-N→NO2--N) with part denitrification, was the primary transformation pathway of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), while only ammonia oxidization contributed to NH4+-N transformation in the PLSP. (NO2--N→NO3--N) was the main pathway involved in NO2--N transformation and NO3--N accumulation. The TN removal showed complex relationships with nitrification, denitrification and nitrogen fixation processes. These findings provided molecular-level insights into nitrogen pollutant transformations during the transportation of raw water through different types of pipes and technical support for the selection of raw water pipe materials. In our study area, the Taihu basin, China, PLSP was better than CLSP for distributing raw water in a short transportation distance, due to the lower effluent concentrations of DON and NO3--N and less abundance of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Chenshuo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Ningbo Water Supply Co., Ltd, No.348 Xinhe Road, Ningbo, 315041, China
| | - Taoyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yueting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chunhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0355, USA
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Biochar carrier application for nitrogen removal of domestic WWTPs in winter: challenges and opportunities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9411-9418. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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He S, Ding L, Pan Y, Hu H, Ye L, Ren H. Effect of hydraulic retention time on nitrogen removal and functional gene quantity/transcription in biochar packed reactors at 5 °C: A control-strategy study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:400-405. [PMID: 29903675 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT = 8, 12, 16, and 24 h) on effluent dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), and functional gene quantity/transcription in biochar packed reactors over a 125-day operation at 5 °C. The lowest effluent DON concentration (0.21 ± 0.14 mg/L) and DTN concentration (10.74 ± 0.41 mg/L) were in R12h and R24h, respectively. Adequate HRT (>12 h) was a necessary parameter for poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulation (PHB/MLSS: 0.1181-0.1522), but higher HRT was detrimental to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulation from 62.77-66.31 µg/g SS (R8h) to 48.21-48.39 µg/g SS (R24h). Effluent DON had a negative correlation relation with ATP and the relative abundance of amoA (p = 0.02), and effluent DTN had a negative correlation relation with PHB (p < 0.01), the relative abundance of napA (p = 0.01), and the transcriptional quantity of nirS (p = 0.14) and nxrA (p = 0.03).
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Affiliation(s)
- Su He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lili Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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He S, Ding L, Pan Y, Hu H, Ye L, Ren H. Nitrogen loading effects on nitrification and denitrification with functional gene quantity/transcription analysis in biochar packed reactors at 5 °C. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9844. [PMID: 29959416 PMCID: PMC6026168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the nitrogen transformation rates of different nitrogen-loading (20, 30, and 50 mg TN/L) biochar packed reactors (C:N:P = 100:5:1) within 125 days at 5 °C. The results showed that high nitrogen loading resulted in an NH4+ (TN) removal efficiency decline from 98% (57%) to 83% (29%), with biochar yielding a higher NH4+, TN and DON removal rate than conventional activated sludge. Moreover, all biochar packed reactors realized a quick start-up by dropping in temperature stage by stage, and the effluent dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations of R20, R30, and R50 were 0.44 ± 0.18, 0.85 ± 0.35, and 0.66 ± 0.26 mg/L, respectively. The nirS/amoA, nxrA/amoA, and amoA/(narG + napA) were deemed to be the markers of ammonium oxidation rate (SAOR), specific nitrite oxidation rate (SNOR), and specific nitrate reduction rate (SNRR), respectively. Compared with functional gene quantity data, transcription data (mRNA) introduced into stepwise regression analyses agreed well with nitrogen transformation rates. High nitrogen loading also resulted in the cell viability decreased in R50. Nitrogen loadings and operation time both led to a significant variation in cell membrane composition, and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) significantly increased in R30 (46.49%) and R50 (36.34%). High-throughput sequencing revealed that nitrogen loadings increased the abundance of nitrifying bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira) and reduced the abundance of denitrifying bacteria (e.g., Nakamurella, Thermomonas, and Zoogloea) through linear discriminant analysis (LDA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Su He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lili Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Muñoz-Palazon B, Maza-Márquez P, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Vahala R. Performance and microbial community structure of a polar Arctic Circle aerobic granular sludge system operating at low temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:22-29. [PMID: 29428610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the performance and microbial community structure of a polar Arctic Circle aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system operating at low temperature. Thus, an AGS bioreactor was operated at 7, 5 and 3 °C of temperature using a cold-adapted sludge from Lapland. At 5 °C, it yielded acceptable conversion rates, in terms of nitrogen, phosphorous, and organic matter. However, under 3 °C a negligible nitrogen and phosphorous removal performance was observed. Below 5 °C, scanning electron microscopy studies showed a wispy, non-dense and irregular granular structure with a strong outgrowth of filamentous. Moreover, Illumina next-generation sequencing showed a heterogeneous microbial population where SM1K20 (Archaea), Trichosporon domesticum (Fungus), and Zooglea, Arcobacter and Acinetobacter (Bacteria) were the dominant phylotypes. Our study suggests that AGS technologies inoculated with North Pole sludge could be operated, in cold regions for a period longer than 3 months (winter season) under 5 °C of water temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Maza-Márquez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Riku Vahala
- Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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