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Chen M, Li L, Wang Y, Liang D, Zhou Z, Xin H, Li C, Yuan G, Wang J. Sulfonated P-W modified nitrogen-containing carbon-based solid acid catalysts for one-pot conversion of cellulose to ethyl levulinate under water-ethanol medium. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129472. [PMID: 38262833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Converting cellulose (Cel) into ethyl levulinate (EL) is one of the promising strategies for supplying liquid fuels. In this paper, the prepared sulfonated P-W-modified N-containing carbon-based solid acid catalyst (PWNCS), in which the Polyaniline (PANI) was employed as N and C precursors, successfully converted Cel into EL under the water-ethanol medium. The characterization results demonstrated that a tiny addition of P increased the Brønsted acid sites (BAS) content and defective WO3 provided the Lewis acid sites (LAS), meanwhile, the sulfonation process did not change the fundamental structure but introduced the sulfonic groups to dramatically increase the acidic content. Therefore, under optimized reaction conditions, PWNCS realized about 100% Cel conversion and 71.61% of EL yield, furthermore, the selectivity of EL reached 89.14%. In addition, the effect of water on the reaction pathway of Cel to EL over PWNCS was proposed. The addition of water generally resulted in the hydration of defective WO3 to reduce the LAS and increase BAS, which significantly inhibited the side reactions of retro-aldol condensation (RAC) and subsequent etherification reactions during Cel conversion and then improved the selectivity of EL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, PR China.
| | - Longyang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, PR China
| | - Yishuang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, PR China.
| | - Defang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, PR China
| | - Zinan Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, PR China
| | - Haosheng Xin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, PR China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, PR China
| | - Gang Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, PR China
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2
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Yang GL. Duckweed Is a Promising Feedstock of Biofuels: Advantages and Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315231. [PMID: 36499555 PMCID: PMC9740428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
With the growing scarcity of traditional sources of energy and the accompanying acute environmental challenges, biofuels based on biomass are favored as the most promising alternative. As one of the core raw materials for biomass energy, research on its production methods and synthesis mechanisms is emerging. In recent years, duckweed has been used as a high-quality new biomass feedstock for its advantages, including fast biomass accumulation, high starch content, high biomass conversion efficiency, and sewage remediation. This study provides a systematic review of the growth characteristics, starch metabolism pathways, and methods to improve starch accumulation in the new energy plant, duckweed. The study also presents a prospect that might be used as a reference for the development of duckweed as a new energy-providing plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
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3
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Amesho KTT, Cheng PC, Chang KL, Peng YP, Jhang SR, Lin YC. Microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvents/dimethyl sulfoxide system for efficient valorization of sugar bagasse waste into platform chemicals: A biorefinery approach for circular bioeconomy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127969. [PMID: 36122844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) such as sugar bagasse waste in biorefineries is the most cost-effective and favourable sustainable approach to producing essential platform chemicals, materials, and energy environmentally benignly. Herein, a microwave-mediated deep eutectic solvents (DESs)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) system for efficiently processing LB waste into platform chemicals was proposed thereof. Under optimized appropriate diverse parameters such as solvent varieties, catalyst dosage, DMSO addition, reaction time and temperature, the proposed catalytic system (i.e., microwave mediated DESs/DMSO system) has demonstrated significant yields of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), furfural (FF) and levulinic acid (LevA) of 31.29 %, 28.38 % and 35.65 %, respectively. These favourable results were obtained at the reaction temperature of 140 °C for 40 min. The anticipated catalytic system's activation energy (Ea) was found to be 29.11 kJ/mol. Hence, a practical, inexpensive and sustainable process with the potential of high-value platform chemicals, explicitly for a sustainable strategy in a circular bioeconomy was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassian T T Amesho
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Cheng Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Lin Chang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ping Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Syu-Ruei Jhang
- Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, 23 Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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4
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Zhang L, Tian L, Xu Z, Wang L. Direct production of ethyl levulinate from carbohydrates and biomass waste catalyzed by modified porous silica with multiple acid sites. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Zhang L, Hu M, Zhao Z, Tian L. Production of Ethyl Levulinate from Biomass‐Derived Carbohydrates and Food/Kitchen Waste Catalyzed by Cucurbit[6]uril‐Sulfate. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luxin Zhang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology MOE Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055 China
| | - Menglu Hu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology MOE Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055 China
| | - Zhimeng Zhao
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology MOE Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055 China
| | - Lu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
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Djandja OS, Yin L, Wang Z, Guo Y, Zhang X, Duan P. Progress in thermochemical conversion of duckweed and upgrading of the bio-oil: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144660. [PMID: 33736270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The processing of duckweed has been included in the list of promising pathways for biofuels production. This property is attributed to its simple manual harvesting method and its ability for high protein or starch content, depending on its species and growing environment. The biofuels production from duckweed, is not only a solution to energy and environmental problems, but also a reliable way to realize the utilization of duckweed. This critical review focuses on the bio-oil production from duckweed via pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction processes. First, characteristics and eco-environmental benefits of duckweed are reviewed. Next, the impacts of different parameters on the properties and distribution of bio-oil from pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction are discussed in detail. Subsequently, the effect of hydrogen donor solvents (as reaction media for upgrading) and catalysts on the upgrading of duckweed bio-oil are extensively discussed. This paper ends with the prospects for further development in thermochemical valorization of duckweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oraléou Sangué Djandja
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Linxin Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Zhicong Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Yao Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Peigao Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China.
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Singh M, Pandey N, Dwivedi P, Kumar V, Mishra BB. Production of xylose, levulinic acid, and lignin from spent aromatic biomass with a recyclable Brønsted acid synthesized from d-limonene as renewable feedstock from citrus waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122105. [PMID: 31514116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to develop a green protocol for chemical processing of spent aromatic biomass to obtain xylose, levulinic acid, and lignin in good yields via treatment with p-cymene-2-sulphonic acid (p-CSA), a Brønsted acid synthesised from d-limonene as a renewable feedstock from citrus waste. Chemical processing of palmarosa biomass with p-CSA under heating in an autoclave resulted in hydrolysate containing xylose (~16% yield). Further processing of pre-treated biomass with p-CSA in presence of aq. HCl under refluxing caused a selective degradation of cellulose to levulinic acid (~22% yield with respect to biomass). The residual biomass was used to afford lignin in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangat Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Nishant Pandey
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Pratibha Dwivedi
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Bhuwan B Mishra
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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8
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Signoretto M, Taghavi S, Ghedini E, Menegazzo F. Catalytic Production of Levulinic Acid (LA) from Actual Biomass. Molecules 2019; 24:E2760. [PMID: 31366018 PMCID: PMC6696262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic conversion of actual biomass to valuable chemicals is a crucial issue in green chemistry. This review discusses on the recent approach in the levulinic acid (LA) formation from three prominent generations of biomasses. Our paper highlights the impact of the nature of different types of biomass and their complex structure and impurities, different groups of catalyst, solvents, and reaction system, and condition and all related pros and cons for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Signoretto
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Somayeh Taghavi
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Elena Ghedini
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Federica Menegazzo
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
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9
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Production of levulinic acid and ethyl levulinate from cellulosic pulp derived from the cooking of lignocellulosic biomass with active oxygen and solid alkali. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-019-0254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Liu C, Feng N, Zheng D, Cui H, Sun F, Gong X. Uniconazole and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate increase soybean pod setting and yield by regulating sucrose and starch content. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:748-758. [PMID: 29999535 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uniconazole (S3307) and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) are known plant growth regulators (PGRs). However, it is unknown if their regulation of sucrose and starch content can affect pod setting and yield in soybean. Herein, S3307 and DA-6 were foliar sprayed on soybean Hefeng50 and Kangxian6 at the beginning of the bloom cycle in field tests conducted over two years. RESULTS PGRs promoted the accumulation and distribution of plant biomass and significantly improved leaf photosynthetic rates. Sucrose and starch content increased after PGR treatment across organs and varieties. Accumulation and allocation of sucrose and starch content in soybean source organs are enhanced by PGRs, which supply high levels of assimilate to sink organs. Moreover, sucrose and starch contents in source and sink organs are positively correlated. S3307 and DA-6 also significantly increased pod setting rates and reduced flower and pod abscission rates, leading to increased yield. CONCLUSION S3307 and DA-6 promoted the accumulation and availability of sucrose and starch content in source organs and increased sucrose and starch content in flowers and pods or seeds, thereby maintaining the balance between source and sink organs and contributing to increased pod setting rates and soybean yield. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hongqiu Cui
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Fudong Sun
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xiangwei Gong
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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11
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Chen Z, Ma X, Xu L, Wang Y, Long J. Catalytic conversion of duckweed to methyl levulinate in the presence of acidic ionic liquids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:488-495. [PMID: 30114668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient strategy is proposed for selective methyl levulinate production from duckweed, a typical fast-growing aquatic microalgae in warm and humid regions, in the presence of acidic ionic liquids (ILs). The results show that IL structure has a significant effect on its acidic strength, which finally determines the process efficiency for levulinate methyl generation. With the optimized catalyst of [C3H6SO3HPy]HSO4, 88.0% duckweed is consumed, resulting in a comparable methyl levulinate yield of 73.7% and a process efficiency of 81.8% at 170 °C for 5 h. Furthermore, this process is substantially influenced by the reaction condition, particularly, it is significantly temperature-dependent. In addition, solvent has a remarkable intensified effect on the process efficiency, which dramatically decreases from 81.8 to 53.7% when methanol is replaced by water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Devices, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Devices, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, PR China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Devices, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Devices, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, PR China
| | - Jinxing Long
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Devices, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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12
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Li S, Deng W, Wang S, Wang P, An D, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Catalytic Transformation of Cellulose and Its Derivatives into Functionalized Organic Acids. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1995-2028. [PMID: 29714048 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is a promising renewable and abundant resource for the production of high-value chemicals, in particular, organic oxygenates, because of its high oxygen/carbon ratio. The sustainable production of hydroxycarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids, such as gluconic/glucaric acid, lactic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, and terephthalic acid, most of which are monomers of key polymers, have attracted much attention in recent years. The synthesis of these organic acids from cellulose generally involves several tandem reaction steps, and thus, multifunctional catalysts that can catalyze the selective activation of specific C-O or C-C bonds hold the key. This review highlights recent advances in the development of efficient catalytic systems and new strategies for the selective conversion of cellulose or its derived carbohydrates into functionalized organic acids. The reaction mechanism is discussed to offer deep insights into the regioselective cleavage of C-O or C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical, Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Weiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical, Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical, Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical, Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Dongli An
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical, Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Yanyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical, Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical, Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical, Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
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