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Liu X, Li X, Xie Z, Zhou X, Chen L, Qiu C, Lu C, Jin Z, Long J. Co-immobilization of β-agarase and α-agarase for degradation of agarose to prepare bioactive 3,6-anhydro- L-galactose. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133960. [PMID: 39029832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Agarose from biomass can be used to synthesize the rare sugar 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose (L-AHG), and the new synthesis route and functional properties of L-AHG have always been the focus of research. Here we developed a novel method to co-immobilize Aga50D and BpGH117 onto streptavidin-coated magnetic nanoparticles and achieved the conversion of agarose to bioactive L-AHG in one pot. Results showed that enzymes were successfully immobilized on the carrier. The activity of co-immobilized enzymes was 2.5-fold higher than that of single immobilized enzymes. Compared with free enzymes, co-immobilized enzymes exhibited enhanced thermal stability. The co-immobilized enzymes retained 79.45 % relative activity at 40 °C for 3 h, while the free enzymes only possessed 21.40 % residual activity. After eight cycles, the co-immobilized enzymes still retained 73.47 % of the initial activity. After silica gel chromatography, the purity of L-AHG obtained by co-immobilized enzymes hydrolysis reached 83.02 %. Furthermore, bioactivity experiments demonstrated that L-AHG displayed better antioxidant and antibacterial effects than neoagarobiose. L-AHG had broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, while neoagarobiose and D-galactose did not show an obvious antibacterial effect. This study provides a feasible method for the production of L-AHG by a co-immobilized multi-enzyme system and confirms that L-AHG plays a key role in the bioactivity of neoagarobiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingfei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengjun Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Punia P, Singh L. Evaluation of free and immobilized cellulase on chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles for saccharification of sorghum residue. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:737-751. [PMID: 38607415 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis plays a pivotal role in transforming lignocellulosic biomass. Addressing alternate techniques to optimize the utilization of cellulolytic enzymes is one strategy to improve its efficiency and lower process costs. Cellulases are highly specific and environmentally benign biocatalysts that break down intricate polysaccharides into simple forms of sugars. In contrast to the most difficult and time-consuming enzyme immobilization processes, in this research, we studied simple, mild, and successful techniques for immobilization of pure cellulase on magnetic nanocomposites using glutaraldehyde as a linker and used in the application of sorghum residue biomass. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with chitosan from the co-precipitation method, which served as an enzyme carrier. The nanoparticles were observed under XRD, Zeta Potential, FESEM, VSM, and FTIR. The size morphology results presented that the Cs@Fe3O4 have 42.2 nm, while bare nanoparticles (Fe3O4) have 31.2 nm in size. The pure cellulase reaches to 98.07% of loading efficiency and 71.67% of recovery activity at optimal conditions. Moreover, immobilized enzyme's pH stability, thermostability, and temperature tolerance were investigated at suitable conditions. The kinetic parameters of free and immobilized enzyme were estimated as Vmax; 29 ± 1.51 and 27.03 ± 2.02 µmol min-1 mg-1, Km; 4.7 ± 0.49 mM and 2.569 ± 0.522 mM and Kcat; 0.13 s-1, and 0.89 s-1. Sorghum residue was subjected to 2% NaOH pre-treatment at 50 ℃. Pre-treated biomass contains cellulose of 64.8%, used as a raw material to evaluate the efficiency of reducing sugar during hydrolysis and saccharification of free and immobilized cellulase, which found maximum concentration of glucose 5.42 g/L and 5.12 g/L on 72 h. Thus, our study verifies the use of immobilized pure cellulase to successfully hydrolyze raw material, which is a significant advancement in lignocellulosic biorefineries and the reusability of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Punia
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Lakhvinder Singh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
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Qin T, Liu L, Cao H, Lu B, Nie S, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Liu H, An X. Polydopamine modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) for efficient cellulase immobilization towards advanced bamboo fiber flexibility and tissue softness. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126734. [PMID: 37683746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a green facile approach to improve the flexibility of unbleached bamboo kraft pulp (UBKP) via an immobilized enzyme technology is proposed. Polydopamine (PDA) acts as versatile modification and coating materials of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) for assembling versatile bio-carriers (PDA@CNC). Cellulase biomacromolecules are efficiently immobilized on PDA@CNC to form cellulase@PDA@CNC nanocomposites. The relative enzyme activity, temperature/pH tolerance, and storage stability of cellulase were significantly improved after immobilization. The degree of polymerization treated UBKP decreased by 5.42 % (25 U/g pulp) compared to the control sample. The flexibility of treated fibers was 6.61 × 1014/(N·m2), which was 96.93 % higher (25 U/g) compared to the control and 3.88 times higher than that of the blank fibers. Cellulase@PDA@CNC performs excellent accessibility to fiber structure and induces high degree of fibrillation and hydrolysis of UBKP fibers, which contributes high softness of obtained tissue handsheets. The bio-carrier PDA@CNC within paper framework may further enhance tissue tensile strength. This study proposes a practical and environmentally friendly immobilization approach of cellulase@PDA@CNC for improving the hydrolysis efficiency and flexibility of UBKP fibers, which provides the possibility to maintain the strength of tissue paper while improving its softness, thus broadening the high-value application of immobilized enzyme technology in tissue production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Liqin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Haibing Cao
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd, No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Bin Lu
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd, No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Zhengbai Cheng
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd, No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd, No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Xingye An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Guerra M, Garrudo FFF, Faustino C, Rosa ME, Ribeiro MHL. Exploring Functionalized Magnetic Hydrogel Polyvinyl Alcohol and Chitosan Electrospun Nanofibers. Gels 2023; 9:968. [PMID: 38131954 PMCID: PMC10743178 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofibrous materials present interesting characteristics, such as higher area/mass ratio and reactivity. These properties have been exploited in different applications, such as drug-controlled release and site-specific targeting of biomolecules for several disease treatments, including cancer. The main goal of this study was to develop magnetized nanofiber systems of lysozyme (Lys) for biological applications. The system envisaged electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA/chitosan (CS) nanofibers, loaded with Lys, crosslinked with boronic acids [phenylboronic acid (PBA), including 2-acetylphenylboronic acid (aPBA), 2-formylphenylboronic (fPBA), or bortezomib (BTZ)] and functionalized with magnetic nanobeads (IONPs), which was successfully built and tested using a microscale approach. Evaluation of the morphology of nanofibers, obtained by electrospinning, was carried out using SEM. The biological activities of the Lys-loaded PVA/CS (90:10 and 70:30) nanofibers were evaluated using the Micrococcus lysodeikticus method. To evaluate the success of the encapsulation process, the ratio of adsorbed Lys on the nanofibers, Lys activity, and in vitro Lys release were determined in buffer solution at pH values mimicking the environment of cancer cells. The viability of Caco-2 cancer cells was evaluated after being in contact with electrospun PVA + Lys and PVA/CS + Lys nanofibers, with or without boronic acid functionalation, and all were magnetized with IONPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Guerra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Fábio F. F. Garrudo
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Telecomunications, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Célia Faustino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.); (C.F.)
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Emilia Rosa
- Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica (IDMEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Maria H. L. Ribeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.); (C.F.)
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Chaos-Hernández D, Reynel-Ávila HE, Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Villalobos-Delgado FJ. Extraction methods of algae oils for the production of third generation biofuels - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139856. [PMID: 37598949 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are the main source of third-generation biofuels because they have a lipid content of 20-70%, can be abundantly produced and do not compete in the food market besides other benefits. Biofuel production from microalgae is a promising option to contribute for the resolution of the eminent crisis of fossil energy and environmental pollution specially in the transporting sector. The choice of lipid extraction method is of relevance and associated to the algae morphology (i.e., rigid cells). Therefore, it is essential to develop suitable extraction technologies for economically viable and environment-friendly lipid recovery processes with the aim of achieving a commercial production of biofuels from this biomass. This review presents an exhaustive analysis and discussion of different methods and processes of lipid extraction from microalgae for the subsequent conversion to biodiesel. Physical methods based on the use of supercritical fluids, ultrasound and microwaves were reviewed. Chemical methods using solvents with different polarities, aside from mechanical techniques such as mechanical pressure and enzymatic methods, were also analyzed. The advantages, drawbacks, challenges and future prospects of lipid extraction methods from microalgae have been summarized to provide a wide panorama of this relevant topic for the production of economic and sustainable energy worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chaos-Hernández
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, Av. Adolfo López Mateos #1801, Aguascalientes, Ags., C.P. 20256, Mexico
| | - H E Reynel-Ávila
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, Av. Adolfo López Mateos #1801, Aguascalientes, Ags., C.P. 20256, Mexico; CONACYT, Av. Insurgentes 1582 Sur, Ciudad de México, 03940, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico.
| | - A Bonilla-Petriciolet
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, Av. Adolfo López Mateos #1801, Aguascalientes, Ags., C.P. 20256, Mexico
| | - F J Villalobos-Delgado
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, Av. Adolfo López Mateos #1801, Aguascalientes, Ags., C.P. 20256, Mexico
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Liu Z, Zhang Z, Huang C, Di J, Lu Z, Gan Z, Cui Y, Wu D. IR780-doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles@poly(ethylene glycol) microgels as dual-enzyme immobilized micro-systems: Preparations, photothermal-responsive dual-enzyme release, and highly efficient recycling. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 644:81-94. [PMID: 37094475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
To solve the problems of separating dual enzymes from the carriers of dual-enzyme immobilized micro-systems and greatly increase the carriers' recycling times, photothermal-responsive micro-systems of IR780-doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles@poly(ethylene glycol) microgels (CFNPs-IR780@MGs) are prepared. A novel two-step recycling strategy is proposed based on the CFNPs-IR780@MGs. First, the dual enzymes and the carriers are separated from the reaction system as a whole via magnetic separation. Second, the dual enzymes and the carriers are separated through photothermal-responsive dual-enzyme release so that the carriers can be reused. Results show that CFNPs-IR780@MGs is 281.4 ± 9.6 nm with a shell of 58.2 nm, and the low critical solution temperature is 42 °C, and the photothermal conversion efficiency increases from 14.04% to 58.41% by doping 1.6% of IR780 into the CFNPs-IR780 clusters. The dual-enzyme immobilized micro-systems and the carriers are recycled 12 and 72 times, respectively, and the enzyme activity remains above 70%. The micro-systems can realize whole recycling of the dual enzymes and carriers and further recycling of the carriers, thus providing a simple and convenient recycling method for dual-enzyme immobilized micro-systems. The findings reveal the micro-systems' important application potential in biological detection and industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Chenqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Jingran Di
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Ziwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Gan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yali Cui
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Daocheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
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Zdarta J, Kołodziejczak-Radzimska A, Bachosz K, Rybarczyk A, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Buszewski B, Jesionowski T. Nanostructured supports for multienzyme co-immobilization for biotechnological applications: Achievements, challenges and prospects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 315:102889. [PMID: 37030261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic combination of current biotechnological and nanotechnological research has turned to multienzyme co-immobilization as a promising concept to design biocatalysis engineering. It has also intensified the development and deployment of multipurpose biocatalysts, for instance, multienzyme co-immobilized constructs, via biocatalysis/protein engineering to scale-up and fulfil the ever-increasing industrial demands. Considering the characteristic features of both the loaded multienzymes and nanostructure carriers, i.e., selectivity, specificity, stability, resistivity, induce activity, reaction efficacy, multi-usability, high catalytic turnover, optimal yield, ease in recovery, and cost-effectiveness, multienzyme-based green biocatalysts have become a powerful norm in biocatalysis/protein engineering sectors. In this context, the current state-of-the-art in enzyme engineering with a synergistic combination of nanotechnology, at large, and nanomaterials, in particular, are significantly contributing and providing robust tools to engineer and/or tailor enzymes to fulfil the growing catalytic and contemporary industrial needs. Considering the above critics and unique structural, physicochemical, and functional attributes, herein, we spotlight important aspects spanning across prospective nano-carriers for multienzyme co-immobilization. Further, this work comprehensively discuss the current advances in deploying multienzyme-based cascade reactions in numerous sectors, including environmental remediation and protection, drug delivery systems (DDS), biofuel cells development and energy production, bio-electroanalytical devices (biosensors), therapeutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical oriented applications. In conclusion, the continuous developments in nano-assembling the multienzyme loaded co-immobilized nanostructure carriers would be a unique way that could act as a core of modern biotechnological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kołodziejczak-Radzimska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Bachosz
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rybarczyk
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland; Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
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8
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Tan Z, Cheng H, Chen G, Ju F, Fernández-Lucas J, Zdarta J, Jesionowski T, Bilal M. Designing multifunctional biocatalytic cascade system by multi-enzyme co-immobilization on biopolymers and nanostructured materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:535-550. [PMID: 36516934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, enzyme-based biocatalytic systems have garnered increasing interest in industrial and applied research for catalysis and organic chemistry. Many enzymatic reactions have been applied to sustainable and environmentally friendly production processes, particularly in the pharmaceutical, fine chemicals, and flavor/fragrance industries. However, only a fraction of the enzymes available has been stepped up towards industrial-scale manufacturing due to low enzyme stability and challenging separation, recovery, and reusability. In this context, immobilization and co-immobilization in robust support materials have emerged as valuable strategies to overcome these inadequacies by facilitating repeated or continuous batch operations and downstream processes. To further reduce separations, it can be advantageous to use multiple enzymes at once in one pot. Enzyme co-immobilization enables biocatalytic synergism and reusability, boosting process efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Several studies on multi-enzyme immobilization and co-localization propose kinetic advantages of the enhanced turnover number for multiple enzymes. This review spotlights recent progress in developing versatile biocatalytic cascade systems by multi-enzyme co-immobilization on environmentally friendly biopolymers and nanostructured materials and their application scope in the chemical and biotechnological industries. After a succinct overview of carrier-based and carrier-free immobilization/co-immobilizations, co-immobilization of enzymes on a range of biopolymer and nanomaterials-based supports is thoroughly compiled with contemporary and state-of-the-art examples. This study provides a new horizon in developing effective and innovative multi-enzymatic systems with new possibilities to fully harness the adventure of biocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbiao Tan
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China.
| | - Hairong Cheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Fang Ju
- Sateri (Jiangsu) Fiber Co. Ltd., Suqian 221428, PR China
| | - Jesús Fernández-Lucas
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, GICNEX, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
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Khan S, Khan M, Ahmad S, Sherwani S, Haque S, Bhagwath SS, Kushwaha D, Pal DB, Mishra PK, Srivastava N, Gupta VK. Towards enhancement of fungal hydrolytic enzyme cocktail using waste algal biomass of Oscillatoria obscura and enzyme stability investigation under the influence of iron oxide nanoparticles. J Biotechnol 2023; 361:74-79. [PMID: 36470313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of low-cost and economic cellulase production is among the key challenges due to its broad industrial applications. One of the main topics of research pertaining to sustainable biomass waste based biorefinaries is the development of economic cellulase production strategies. The main cause of the increase in cellulase production costs is the use of commercial substrates; as a result, the cost of any cellulase-based bioprocess can be decreased by employing a productive, low-cost substrate. The goal of the current study is to develop low-cost cellulase using the carbohydrate-rich, renewable, and widely accessible cyanobacteria algae Oscillatoria obscura as the production substrate. Maximum cellulase was produced utilising the fungus Rhizopus oryzae at substrate concentration of 7.0 g among various tested concentrations of algal biomass. Maximum production rates of 22 IU/gds FP, 105 IU/gds BGL, and 116 IU/gds EG in 72 h were possible under optimal conditions and substrate concentration. Further investigations on the crude enzyme's stability in the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) revealed that it was thermally stable at 60 °C for up to 8 h. Additionally, the crude enzyme demonstrated pH stability by maintaining its complete activity at pH 6.0 for 8 h in the presence of the optimal dose of 15 mg IONPs. The outcomes of this research may be used to investigate the possibility of producing such enzymes in large quantities at low cost for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ha'il University, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahvish Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subuhi Sherwani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sundeep S Bhagwath
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ha'il University, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepika Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Nawabganj Kanpur 208002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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10
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Alatzoglou C, Patila M, Giannakopoulou A, Spyrou K, Yan F, Li W, Chalmpes N, Polydera AC, Rudolf P, Gournis D, Stamatis H. Development of a Multi-Enzymatic Biocatalytic System through Immobilization on High Quality Few-Layer bio-Graphene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010127. [PMID: 36616038 PMCID: PMC9824680 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the green production of few-layer bio-Graphene (bG) through liquid exfoliation of graphite in the presence of bovine serum albumin. Microscopic characterization evaluated the quality of the produced nanomaterial, showing the presence of 3-4-layer graphene. Moreover, spectroscopic techniques also confirmed the quality of the resulted bG, as well as the presence of bovine serum albumin on the graphene sheets. Next, for the first time, bG was used as support for the simultaneous covalent co-immobilization of three enzymes, namely β-glucosidase, glucose oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase. The three enzymes were efficiently co-immobilized on bG, demonstrating high immobilization yields and activity recoveries (up to 98.5 and 90%, respectively). Co-immobilization on bG led to an increase of apparent KM values and a decrease of apparent Vmax values, while the stability of the nanobiocatalysts prevailed compared to the free forms of the enzymes. Co-immobilized enzymes exhibited high reusability, preserving a significant part of their activity (up to 72%) after four successive catalytic cycles at 30 °C. Finally, the tri-enzymatic nanobiocatalytic system was applied in three-step cascade reactions, involving, as the first step, the hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside and cellobiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alatzoglou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Archontoula Giannakopoulou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Feng Yan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjian Li
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki C. Polydera
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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11
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Ye Q, Jin X, Gao H, Wei N. Site-Specific and Tunable Co-immobilization of Proteins onto Magnetic Nanoparticles via Spy Chemistry. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5665-5674. [PMID: 36194637 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Co-immobilization of multiple proteins onto one nanosupport has large potential in mimicking natural multiprotein complexes and constructing efficient cascade biocatalytic systems. However, control of different proteins regarding their spatial arrangement and loading ratio remains a big challenge, and protein co-immobilization often requires the use of purified proteins. Herein, built upon our recently designed SpyTag-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), we established a modular MNP platform for site-specific, tunable, and cost-effective protein co-immobilization. SpyCatcher-fused enhanced green fluorescent protein (i.e., EGFP-SpyCatcher) and mCherry red fluorescent protein (i.e., RFP-SpyCatcher) were designed and conjugated on MNPs, and the immobilized proteins showed 3-7-fold enhancement in storage stability and greatly improved stability against the freeze-thaw process compared to free proteins. The protein-conjugated MNPs also retained desirable colloidal stability and magnetic responsiveness, enabling facile proteins' recovery. Also, one-pot co-immobilization of the two proteins could be fine-tuned with their feed ratios. In addition, MNPs could selectively and efficiently co-immobilize both SpyCatcher-fused proteins from combined cell lysates without purification, offering a convenient and cost-effective approach for multiprotein immobilization. This MNP platform provides a facile and efficient tool to construct bionano hybrid materials (i.e., protein-based MNPs) and multiprotein systems for a variety of industrial and green chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Ye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiuyu Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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12
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Saratale RG, Cho SK, Bharagava RN, Patel AK, Varjani S, Mulla SI, Kim DS, Bhatia SK, Ferreira LFR, Shin HS, Saratale GD. A critical review on biomass-based sustainable biorefineries using nanobiocatalysts: Opportunities, challenges, and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127926. [PMID: 36100182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysts, including live microbial cells/enzymes, have been considered a predominant and advantageous tool for effectively transforming biomass into biofuels and valued biochemicals. However, high production costs, separation, and reusability limit its practical application. Immobilization of single and multi-enzymes by employing different nano-supports have gained massive attention because of its elevated exterior domain and high enzymatic performance. Application of nanobiocatalyst can overcome the drawbacks mainly, stability and reusability, thus reflecting the importance of biomass-based biorefinery to make it profitable and sustainable. This review provides an in-depth, comprehensive analysis of nanobiocatalysts systems concerning nano supports and biocatalytic performance characteristics. Furthermore, the effects of nanobiocatalyst on waste biomass to biofuel and valued bioproducts in the biorefinery approach and their critical assessment are discussed. Lastly, this review elaborates commercialization and market outlooks of the bioconversion process using nanobiocatalyst, followed by different strategies to overcome the limitations and future research directions on nanobiocatalytic-based industrial bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Kyung Cho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Dong Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Han Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Sadeghi M, Moghimifar Z, Javadian H. Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposite immobilized with cellulase enzyme: Stability determination and biological activity. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Rajendran DS, Venkataraman S, Kumar PS, Rangasamy G, Bhattacharya T, Nguyen Vo DV, Vaithyanathan VK, Cabana H, Kumar VV. Coimmobilized enzymes as versatile biocatalytic tools for biomass valorization and remediation of environmental contaminants - A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114012. [PMID: 35952747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to stringent regulatory norms, waste processing faces confrontations and challenges in adapting technology for effective management through a convenient and economical system. At the global level, attempts are underway to achieve a green and sustainable treatment for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass as well as organic contaminants in wastewater. Enzymatic treatment in the environmental aspect thrived on being the promising rapid strategy that appeased the aforementioned predicament. On that account, coimmobilization of various enzymes on single support enhances the catalytic activity ensuing operational stability with industrial applications. This review pivoted towards the coimmobilization of enzymes on diverse supports and their applications in biomass conversion to industrial value-added products and removal of contaminants in wastewater. The limelight of this study chronicles the unique breakthroughs in biotechnology for the production of reusable biocatalysts, which inculcating various enzymes towards the scope of environment application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Sri Rajendran
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, India
| | - Swethaa Venkataraman
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam- 603 110, Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam- 603 110, Chennai, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Trishita Bhattacharya
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, India
| | - Dai-Viet Nguyen Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Vasanth Kumar Vaithyanathan
- University of Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de L'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- University of Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de L'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
- Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, India; University of Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de L'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
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15
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Sulman AM, Matveeva VG, Bronstein LM. Cellulase Immobilization on Nanostructured Supports for Biomass Waste Processing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3796. [PMID: 36364572 PMCID: PMC9656580 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts, i.e., enzymes immobilized on nanostructured supports, received considerable attention because they are potential remedies to overcome shortcomings of traditional biocatalysts, such as low efficiency of mass transfer, instability during catalytic reactions, and possible deactivation. In this short review, we will analyze major aspects of immobilization of cellulase-an enzyme for cellulosic biomass waste processing-on nanostructured supports. Such supports provide high surface areas, increased enzyme loading, and a beneficial environment to enhance cellulase performance and its stability, leading to nanobiocatalysts for obtaining biofuels and value-added chemicals. Here, we will discuss such nanostructured supports as carbon nanotubes, polymer nanoparticles (NPs), nanohydrogels, nanofibers, silica NPs, hierarchical porous materials, magnetic NPs and their nanohybrids, based on publications of the last five years. The use of magnetic NPs is especially favorable due to easy separation and the nanobiocatalyst recovery for a repeated use. This review will discuss methods for cellulase immobilization, morphology of nanostructured supports, multienzyme systems as well as factors influencing the enzyme activity to achieve the highest conversion of cellulosic biowaste into fermentable sugars. We believe this review will allow for an enhanced understanding of such nanobiocatalysts and processes, allowing for the best solutions to major problems of sustainable biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrina M. Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St., 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Valentina G. Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St., 170026 Tver, Russia
- Regional Technological Centre, Tver State University, Zhelyabova St., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia
| | - Lyudmila M. Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80303, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Allouzi MMA, Allouzi S, Al-Salaheen B, Khoo KS, Rajendran S, Sankaran R, Sy-Toan N, Show PL. Current advances and future trend of nanotechnology as microalgae-based biosensor. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Wu D, Lv P, Feng Q, Jiang Y, Yang H, Alfred M, Wei Q. Biomass-derived nanocellulose aerogel enable highly efficient immobilization of laccase for the degradation of organic pollutants. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 356:127311. [PMID: 35569713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Laccase is a promising biocatalyst for pollutant degradation and water purification. However, laccase can only improve the stability of enzyme activity and achieve its significant catalytic effect after effective immobilization. Herein, we report a general strategy to integrate nanocellulose aerogel and laccase for high-efficiency degradation of organic pollutants. Biomass-derived functional bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogel with a nanonetwork structure and high porosity was prepared by biosynthesis, solvent replacement, and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) procedures. Subsequently, a biocatalyst platform was fabricated by "coupling" ATRP-modified BC aerogel with abundant active sites with laccase through ion coordination. The results demonstrated the biocatalyst platform not only has good biological affinity, but also has high enzyme load and structural stability. Meanwhile, the degradation rates of reactive red X-3B and 2, 4-dichlorophenol reached 94.5% and 85.2% within 4 h, respectively. The strategy disclosed herein could provide a practical method for the degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingsheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fabrics, College of Textiles and Clothing, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Pengfei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Quan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fabrics, College of Textiles and Clothing, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Hanrui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Mensah Alfred
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fabrics, College of Textiles and Clothing, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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18
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Enzyme Immobilization and Co-Immobilization: Main Framework, Advances and Some Applications. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are outstanding (bio)catalysts, not solely on account of their ability to increase reaction rates by up to several orders of magnitude but also for the high degree of substrate specificity, regiospecificity and stereospecificity. The use and development of enzymes as robust biocatalysts is one of the main challenges in biotechnology. However, despite the high specificities and turnover of enzymes, there are also drawbacks. At the industrial level, these drawbacks are typically overcome by resorting to immobilized enzymes to enhance stability. Immobilization of biocatalysts allows their reuse, increases stability, facilitates process control, eases product recovery, and enhances product yield and quality. This is especially important for expensive enzymes, for those obtained in low fermentation yield and with relatively low activity. This review provides an integrated perspective on (multi)enzyme immobilization that abridges a critical evaluation of immobilization methods and carriers, biocatalyst metrics, impact of key carrier features on biocatalyst performance, trends towards miniaturization and detailed illustrative examples that are representative of biocatalytic applications promoting sustainability.
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Blanco-Llamero C, García-García P, Señoráns FJ. Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates and Their Application in Enzymatic Pretreatment of Microalgae: Comparison Between CLEAs and Combi-CLEAs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:794672. [PMID: 34957082 PMCID: PMC8696024 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Carrier-free immobilization is a key process to develop efficient biocatalysts able to catalyze the cell wall degradation in microalgae where the traditional solid supports cannot penetrate. Thus, the insolubilization of commercial Celluclast®, Alcalase®, and Viscozyme® enzymes by carrier-free immobilization and their application in microalgae pretreatment was investigated. In this study, different precipitants at different ratios (ethanol, acetone, and polyethylene glycol 4000) were tested in the first part of the method, to establish the precipitation conditions. The screening of the best precipitant is needed as it depends on the nature of the enzyme. The best results were studied in terms of immobilization yield, thermal stability, and residual activity and were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, a novel strategy was intended including the three enzymes (combi-CLEAs) to catalyze the enzymatic degradation of Nannochloropsis gaditana microalgal cell wall in one pot. The carrier-free immobilized derivatives were 10 times more stable compared to soluble enzymes under the same. At the best conditions showed its usefulness in the pretreatment of microalgae combined with ultrasounds, facilitating the cell disruption and lipid recovery. The results obtained suggested the powerful application of these robust biocatalysts with great catalytic properties on novel and sustainable biomass such as microalgae to achieve cost-effective and green process to extract valuable bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Blanco-Llamero
- Healthy Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz García-García
- Healthy Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Señoráns
- Healthy Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Cai C, Chen X, Li F, Tan Z. Three-phase partitioning based on CO2-responsive deep eutectic solvents for the green and sustainable extraction of lipid from Nannochloropsis sp. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Agrawal K, Verma P. Current perspective on production and applications of microbial cellulases: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:95. [PMID: 38650192 PMCID: PMC10992179 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion processes and plays a key role in various industrial applications. Cellulase, a key enzyme for cellulose-rich waste feedstock-based biorefinery, has increasing demand in various industries, e.g., paper and pulp, juice clarification, etc. Also, there has been constant progress in developing new strategies to enhance its production, such as the application of waste feedstock as the substrate for the production of individual or enzyme cocktails, process parameters control, and genetic manipulations for enzyme production with enhanced yield, efficiency, and specificity. Further, an insight into immobilization techniques has also been presented for improved reusability of cellulase, a critical factor that controls the cost of the enzyme at an industrial scale. In addition, the review also gives an insight into the status of the significant application of cellulase in the industrial sector, with its techno-economic analysis for future applications. The present review gives a complete overview of current perspectives on the production of microbial cellulases as a promising tool to develop a sustainable and greener concept for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bhardwaj
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Bikash Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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22
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Magnetic Nanomaterials as Biocatalyst Carriers for Biomass Processing: Immobilization Strategies, Reusability, and Applications. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental concerns, along with oil shortages, have increased industrial interest in biomass conversion to produce biofuels and other valuable chemicals. A green option in biomass processing is the use of enzymes, such as cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninolytic (laccase and peroxidases), which have outstanding specificity toward their substrates and can be reused if immobilized onto magnetic nanocarriers. Numerous studies report the biocatalysts’ performance after covalent binding or adsorption on differently functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Functionalization strategies of MNPs include silica-based surfaces obtained through a sol–gel process, graphene oxide-based nanocomposites, polymer-coated surfaces, grafting polymer brushes, and others, which have been emphasized in this review of the immobilization and co-immobilization of enzymes used for biomass conversion. Careful analysis of the parameters affecting the performance of enzyme immobilization for new hybrid matrices has enabled us to achieve wider tolerance to thermal or chemical stress by these biosystems during saccharification. Additionally, it has enabled the application of immobilized laccase to remove toxic organic compounds from lignin, among other recent advances addressed here related to the use of reusable magnetic carriers for bioderived chemical manufacturing.
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23
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Engineering of a Novel, Magnetic, Bi-Functional, Enzymatic Nanobiocatalyst for the Highly Efficient Synthesis of Enantiopure (R)-3-quinuclidinol. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ni2+-NTA-boosted magnetic porous silica nanoparticles (Ni@MSN) to serve as ideal support for bi-functional enzyme were fabricated for the first time. The versatility of this support was validated by one-step purification and immobilization of bi-functional enzyme MLG consisting of 3-Quinuclidinone reductase and glucose dehydrogenase, which can simultaneously catalyze both carbonyl reduction and cofactor regeneration, to fabricate an artificial bi-functional nanobiocatalyst (namely, MLG-Ni@MSN). The enzyme loading of 71.7 mg/g support and 92.7% immobilization efficiency were obtained. Moreover, the immobilized MLG showed wider pH and temperature tolerance and greater storage stability than free MLG under the same conditions. The nanosystem was employed as biocatalyst to accomplish the 3-quinuclidinone (70 g/L) to (R)-3-quinuclidinol biotransformation in 100% conversion yield with >99% selectivity within 6 h and simultaneous cofactor regeneration. Furthermore, the immobilized MLG retained up to 80.3% (carbonyl reduction) and 78.0% (cofactor regeneration) of the initial activity after being recycled eight times. In addition, the MLG-Ni@MSN system exhibited almost no enzyme leaching during biotransformation and recycling. Therefore, we have reason to believe that the Ni@MSN support gave great promise for constructing a new biocatalytic nanosystem with multifunctional enzymes to achieve some other complex bioconversions.
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24
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Bilal M, Hussain N, Américo-Pinheiro JHP, Almulaiky YQ, Iqbal HMN. Multi-enzyme co-immobilized nano-assemblies: Bringing enzymes together for expanding bio-catalysis scope to meet biotechnological challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:735-749. [PMID: 34271049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Co-immobilization of multi-enzymes has emerged as a promising concept to design and signify bio-catalysis engineering. Undoubtedly, the existence and importance of basic immobilization methods such as encapsulation, covalent binding, cross-linking, or even simple adsorption cannot be ignored as they are the core of advanced co-immobilization strategies. Different strategies have been developed and deployed to green the twenty-first century bio-catalysis. Moreover, co-immobilization of multi-enzymes has successfully resolved the limitations of individual enzyme loaded constructs. With an added value of this advanced bio-catalysis engineering platform, designing, and fabricating co-immobilized enzymes loaded nanostructure carriers to perform a particular set of reactions with high catalytic turnover is of supreme interest. Herein, we spotlight the emergence of co-immobilization strategies by bringing multi-enzymes together with various types of nanocarriers to expand the bio-catalysis scope. Following a brief introduction, the first part of the review focuses on multienzyme co-immobilization strategies, i.e., random co-immobilization, compartmentalization, and positional co-immobilization. The second part comprehensively covers four major categories of nanocarriers, i.e., carbon based nanocarriers, polymer based nanocarriers, silica-based nanocarriers, and metal-based nanocarriers along with their particular examples. In each section, several critical factors that can affect the performance and successful deployment of co-immobilization of enzymes are given in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | | | - Yaaser Q Almulaiky
- University of Jeddah, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulais, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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25
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Robust and recyclable magnetic nanobiocatalysts for extraction of anthocyanin from black rice. Food Chem 2021; 364:130447. [PMID: 34214946 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, which are natural pigments and nutraceuticals, can be extracted from plant materials using enzyme-assisted methods. However, the enzymes used are often expensive, fragile, and hard to recover/reuse. In this study, cellulase and α-amylase were immobilized on amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles to prepare a magnetic nanobiocatalyst. The enzymes in this nanobiocatalyst exhibited higher stability and greater catalytic activity than free enzymes, including good thermal stability (50 to 70℃) and pH stability (pH 4.5-7.5). Nanobiocatalyst efficacy was demonstrated by extracting anthocyanins from black rice, with a maximum yield of 266 mg anthocyanin/100 g black rice obtained. After six reuse cycles, cellulase and α-amylase retained around 70% and 64% of their activity, respectively. Immobilization also increased their reusability. In summary, a novel magnetic nanobiocatalyst was developed for extracting anthocyanins from black rice, which may also have other applications within the food industry.
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26
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Development of a Novel Bi-Enzymatic Nanobiocatalyst for the Efficient Bioconversion of Oleuropein to Hydroxytyrosol. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase A from Candida antarctica (CalA) and β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima (bgl) were covalently co-immobilized onto the surface of chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CS-MNPs). Several parameters regarding the co-immobilization procedure (glutaraldehyde concentration, incubation time, CS-MNPs to enzyme mass ratio and bgl to CalA mass ratio) were evaluated and optimized. The developed nanobiocatalyst was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Biochemical parameters such as kinetic constants and thermal stability were also evaluated. The nanobiocatalytic system revealed an increase in the Km constant followed by a decrease in Vmax value compared with the native enzymes, while a significant increase (>5-fold higher) of the thermal stability of the immobilized CalA, both in individual and in co-immobilized form, was observed after 24 h incubation at 60 °C. Finally, the nanobiocatalyst was efficiently applied for the bioconversion of oleuropein to hydroxytyrosol, one of the most powerful naturally derived antioxidants, and it could be recycled for up to 10 reaction cycles (240 h of constant operation) at 60 °C, retaining more than 50% of its initial activity.
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27
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Gkantzou E, Chatzikonstantinou AV, Fotiadou R, Giannakopoulou A, Patila M, Stamatis H. Trends in the development of innovative nanobiocatalysts and their application in biocatalytic transformations. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107738. [PMID: 33775799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing demand for cost-effective and innocuous biocatalytic transformations has prompted the rational design and development of robust biocatalytic tools. Enzyme immobilization technology lies in the formation of cooperative interactions between the tailored surface of the support and the enzyme of choice, which result in the fabrication of tremendous biocatalytic tools with desirable properties, complying with the current demands even on an industrial level. Different nanoscale materials (organic, inorganic, and green) have attracted great attention as immobilization matrices for single or multi-enzymatic systems. Aiming to unveil the potentialities of nanobiocatalytic systems, we present distinct immobilization strategies and give a thorough insight into the effect of nanosupports specific properties on the biocatalysts' structure and catalytic performance. We also highlight the development of nanobiocatalysts for their incorporation in cascade enzymatic processes and various types of batch and continuous-flow reactor systems. Remarkable emphasis is given on the application of such nanobiocatalytic tools in several biocatalytic transformations including bioremediation processes, biofuel production, and synthesis of bioactive compounds and fine chemicals for the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gkantzou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra V Chatzikonstantinou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Renia Fotiadou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Archontoula Giannakopoulou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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28
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Ozyilmaz E, Alhiali A, Caglar O, Yilmaz M. Preparation of regenerable magnetic nanoparticles for cellulase immobilization: Improvement of enzymatic activity and stability. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3145. [PMID: 33720529 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To obtain regenerable magnetic nanoparticles, triethoxy(3-isocyanatopropyl)silane and iminodiacetic acid (IZ) were used as the starting material and immobilized on Fe3 O4 nanoparticles. Copper ions (Cu2+ ions) were loaded on the Fe-IZ nanoparticles and used for cellulase immobilization. The support was characterized by spectroscopic methods (FTIR, NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. As a result of experiments, the amount of protein bound to immobilized cellulase (Fe-IZ-Cu-E) and cellulase activity was found to be 33.1 mg/g and 154 U/g at pH 5, 50°C, for 3 h. The results indicated that the free cellulase had kept only 50% of its activity after 2 h, while the Fe-IZ-Cu-E was observed to be around 77%, at 60°C. It was found that the immobilized cellulase maintained 93% of its initial catalytic activity after its sixth use. Furthermore, the Fe-IZ-Cu-E retained about 75% of its initial activity after 28 days of storage. To reuse the support material (Fe-IZ-Cu), it was regenerated by thorough washing with ammonia or imidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ozyilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alhiali
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ozge Caglar
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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29
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Suresh A, Shravan Ramgopal D, Panchamoorthy Gopinath K, Arun J, SundarRajan P, Bhatnagar A. Recent advancements in the synthesis of novel thermostable biocatalysts and their applications in commercially important chemoenzymatic conversion processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124558. [PMID: 33383359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermostable enzymes are a field of growing interest in bioremediation, pharmaceuticals, food industry etc., due to their ability to catalyze bio reactions at high temperatures. This review aims to provide an overview on extremophiles with a special focus on thermophiles and enzymes produced from extremophilic bacteria. Novel thermostable catalysts, used in producing commercially important chemicals, are discussed in this review. Various classes of enzymes produced by microbes, synthesis of thermozymes and comparison with enzymes produced at optimal conditions are critically discussed. A detailed discussion on immobilized enzymes in comparisons with free enzymes, produced by extremozymes, is included. Different parameters which affect enzyme production are also discussed. The current industrial trends along with the future of biocatalysts in the production of chemicals using efficient methods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam - 603110, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhakshin Shravan Ramgopal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam - 603110, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam - 603110, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaseelan Arun
- Centre for Waste Management, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar (OMR), Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Panneerselvam SundarRajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam - 603110, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland.
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30
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the use of biocatalysts in flow reactors. This merging combines the high selectivity and mild operation conditions typical of biocatalysis with enhanced mass transfer and resource efficiency associated to flow chemistry. Additionally, it provides a sound environment to emulate Nature by mimicking metabolic pathways in living cells and to produce goods through the systematic organization of enzymes towards efficient cascade reactions. Moreover, by enabling the combination of enzymes from different hosts, this approach paves the way for novel pathways. The present review aims to present recent developments within the scope of flow chemistry involving multi-enzymatic cascade reactions. The types of reactors used are briefly addressed. Immobilization methodologies and strategies for the application of the immobilized biocatalysts are presented and discussed. Key aspects related to the use of whole cells in flow chemistry are presented. The combination of chemocatalysis and biocatalysis is also addressed and relevant aspects are highlighted. Challenges faced in the transition from microscale to industrial scale are presented and discussed.
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31
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Co-immobilization of multiple enzymes by self-assembly and chemical crosslinking for cofactor regeneration and robust biocatalysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:445-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Fan D, Wang Q, Zhu T, Wang H, Liu B, Wang Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Fan D, Wang X. Recent Advances of Magnetic Nanomaterials in Bone Tissue Repair. Front Chem 2020; 8:745. [PMID: 33102429 PMCID: PMC7545026 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetic field has been proven to enhance bone tissue repair by affecting cell metabolic behavior. Magnetic nanoparticles are used as biomaterials due to their unique magnetic properties and good biocompatibility. Through endocytosis, entering the cell makes it easier to affect the physiological function of the cell. Once the magnetic particles are exposed to an external magnetic field, they will be rapidly magnetized. The magnetic particles and the magnetic field work together to enhance the effectiveness of their bone tissue repair treatment. This article reviews the common synthesis methods, the mechanism, and application of magnetic nanomaterials in the field of bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyang Fan
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tengjiao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hufei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- CED Education, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xunyong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Dongwei Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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33
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Xu K, Chen X, Zheng R, Zheng Y. Immobilization of Multi-Enzymes on Support Materials for Efficient Biocatalysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:660. [PMID: 32695758 PMCID: PMC7338792 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-enzyme biocatalysis is an important technology to produce many valuable chemicals in the industry. Different strategies for the construction of multi-enzyme systems have been reported. In particular, immobilization of multi-enzymes on the support materials has been proved to be one of the most efficient approaches, which can increase the enzymatic activity via substrate channeling and improve the stability and reusability of enzymes. A general overview of the characteristics of support materials and their corresponding attachment techniques used for multi-enzyme immobilization will be provided here. This review will focus on the materials-based techniques for multi-enzyme immobilization, which aims to present the recent advances and future prospects in the area of multi-enzyme biocatalysis based on support immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renchao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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34
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Covalent immobilization of recombinant Citrobacter koseri transaminase onto epoxy resins for consecutive asymmetric synthesis of L-phosphinothricin. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1599-1607. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Gong W, Fan Y, Xie B, Tang X, Guo T, Luo L, Liang H. Immobilizing Microcystis aeruginosa and powdered activated carbon for the anaerobic digestate effluent treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125420. [PMID: 31790994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environment pollution caused by livestock anaerobic digestate effluent (ADE) is becoming increasingly severe recently. In this study, immobilized technology, embedding Microcystis aeruginosa (MA) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) with sodium alginate (SA), was employed to investigate the removal performance of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the treatment of ADE solution. Initially, orthogonal experiment was carried out to achieve the optimal conditions of the beads fabrication with the concentration of imbedding agents (PAC-SA) of 5% (w/w) and the ratio of microalgae and imbedding agents was 1:1 (v/v). The results indicated that the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) can be efficiently removed under the optimal operation conditions, with average removals of 91.88 ± 2.91% in TN, 98.24 ± 0.12 in TP and 78.31 ± 1.57% in TOC, respectively. Moreover, the fluorescence excitation-mission matrix (EEM) results illustrated that IMA-PAC beads joined system can efficiently diminish the concentrations of protein-like compounds and humic substances. Therefore, the organic contaminants and nutrients (i.e. N and P) can be efficiently removed in IMA-PAC beads joined system, which would contribute to developing new strategies for the treatment of ADE solution and nutrient recycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Gong
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yuhui Fan
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Binghan Xie
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Tiecheng Guo
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lina Luo
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Heng Liang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150090, China
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36
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Giannakopoulou A, Gkantzou E, Polydera A, Stamatis H. Multienzymatic Nanoassemblies: Recent Progress and Applications. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:202-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Shakerian F, Zhao J, Li SP. Recent development in the application of immobilized oxidative enzymes for bioremediation of hazardous micropollutants - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124716. [PMID: 31521938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During the past several years, abundant progresses has been made in the development of immobilized oxidative enzymes with focus on finding new support materials, improving the immobilization methods and their applications. Nowadays, immobilized oxidative enzymes are broadly accepted as a green way to face the challenge of high amounts of micropollutants in nature. Among all oxidative enzymes, laccases and horseradish peroxidase were used frequently in recent years as they are general oxidative enzymes with ability to oxidize various types of compounds. Immobilized laccase or horseradish peroxidase are showed better stability, and reusability as well as easy separation from reaction mixture that make them more favorable and economic in compared to free enzymes. However, additional improvements are still essential such as: development of the new materials for immobilization with higher capacity, easy preparation, and cheaper price. Moreover, immobilization methods are still need improving to become more efficient and avoid enzyme wasting during immobilization and enzyme leakage through working cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Shakerian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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38
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Kannan S, Marudhamuthu M. Development of chitin cross-linked enzyme aggregates of L-methioninase for upgraded activity, permanence and application as efficient therapeutic formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:218-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Sui Y, Cui Y, Xia G, Peng X, Yuan G, Sun G. A facile route to preparation of immobilized cellulase on polyurea microspheres for improving catalytic activity and stability. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Abstract
We report the preparation, characterization and application of a novel magnetic four-enzyme nanobiocatalyst prepared by the simultaneous covalent co-immobilization of cellulase (CelDZ1), β-glucosidase (bgl), glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto the surface of amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). This nanobiocatalyst was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The co-immobilization process yielded maximum recovered enzymatic activity (CelDZ1: 42%, bgl: 66%, GOx: 94% and HRP: 78%) at a 10% v/v cross-linker concentration, after 2 h incubation time and at 1:1 mass ratio of MNPs to total enzyme content. The immobilization process leads to an increase of Km and a decrease of Vmax values of co-immobilized enzymes. The thermal stability studies of the co-immobilized enzymes indicated up to 2-fold increase in half-life time constants and up to 1.5-fold increase in their deactivation energies compared to the native enzymes. The enhanced thermodynamic parameters of the four-enzyme co-immobilized MNPs also suggested increment in their thermal stability. Furthermore, the co-immobilized enzymes retained a significant part of their activity (up to 50%) after 5 reaction cycles at 50 °C and remained active even after 24 d of incubation at 5 °C. The nanobiocatalyst was successfully applied in a four-step cascade reaction involving the hydrolysis of cellulose.
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Biomimetic Mineralization of Cytochrome c Improves the Catalytic Efficiency and Confers a Functional Multi-Enzyme Composite. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9080648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The encapsulated enzyme system by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibits great potential in biofuel cells, pharmaceuticals, and biocatalysis. However, the catalytic efficiency and the enzymatic activity are severely hampered due to enzyme leaching and deficiency of storage stability. In this study, we immobilized cytochrome c (Cyt c) into dimethylimidazole-copper (Cu(Im)2) by biomimetic mineralization, and constructed a bioinorganic hybrid material, termed Cyt c@Cu(Im)2. Encapsulated Cyt c in Cu(Im)2 with a nanosheet structure exhibited significantly improved catalytic efficiency, enzymatic activity and kinetic performance. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for Cyt c@Cu(Im)2 was ~20-fold higher compared to that of free Cyt c. Moreover, the increased activity was not affected by long-term storage. Based on this system, we further constructed a multi-enzyme composite with glucose-oxidase (GOx), termed GOx-Cyt c@Cu(Im)2, which exhibited greatly improved enzymatic activity, stability, and excellent selectivity for the detection of low concentrations of glucose. This strategy may provide new insights into the design of enzymes with high activity and stability, as well as the construction of multi-enzyme systems.
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Recent Advances of Cellulase Immobilization onto Magnetic Nanoparticles: An Update Review. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry5020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellulosic enzymes, including cellulase, play an important role in biotechnological processes in the fields of food, cosmetics, detergents, pulp, paper, and related industries. Low thermal and storage stability of cellulase, presence of impurities, enzyme leakage, and reusability pose great challenges in all these processes. These challenges can be overcome via enzyme immobilization methods. In recent years, cellulase immobilization onto nanomaterials became the focus of research attention owing to the surface features of these materials. However, the application of these nanomaterials is limited due to the efficacy of their recovery process. The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was suggested as a solution to this problem since they can be easily removed from the reaction mixture by applying an external magnet. Recently, MNPs were extensively employed for enzyme immobilization owing to their low toxicity and various practical advantages. In the present review, recent advances in cellulase immobilization onto functionalized MNPs is summarized. Finally, we discuss enhanced enzyme reusability, activity, and stability, as well as improved enzyme recovery. Enzyme immobilization techniques offer promising potential for industrial applications.
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Chemical, physical, and biological coordination: An interplay between materials and enzymes as potential platforms for immobilization. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Badoei-Dalfard A, Karami Z, Malekabadi S. Construction of CLEAs-lipase on magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite: An efficient nanobiocatalyst for biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:473-476. [PMID: 30679063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, cross linked enzyme aggregates of Lipase (CLEAs-lip) was synthesized and immobilized on the magnetic amino functionalized graphene oxide (maGO-CLEAs-lip) nanocomposites. The immobilized lipase showed a broad range of temperature activity about 40-60 °C, as compared to free enzyme. In the case of maGO-CLEAs-lip nanocomposite, the observed lower Km value state 2.25 folds affinity for the p-nitrophenyl palmitate. Enzyme activity of maGO-CLEAs-lip nanocomposite was the highest up to 5 cycles. Storage stability results displayed maGO-CLEAs-lip retained about 75% of its original activity after 30 days of incubation. Remarkably, maGO-CLEAs-lip formed the highest biodiesel construction (78%) from R. communisoil after 24 h of incubation. The biodiesel yield of this nanocomposite was 3.0 folds higher than free enzyme, making it talented as an excellent nanobiocatalyst for efficient production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arastoo Badoei-Dalfard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production (RTIPP), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Karami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saied Malekabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Bhushan I, Saraswat R, Gupta P, Shah BA. Enantioselective resolution of 2-arylpropionic acid derivatives employing immobilization of lipase from Bacillus subtilis strain Kakrayal_1 (BSK-L). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:581-585. [PMID: 30201319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work studied the enantioselective resolution of 2-arylpropionic acid derivatives employing immobilization of lipase produced by Bacillus subtilis strain Kakrayal_1 (BSK-L). The efficient immobilization of lipase on modified silica gel was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Tethering of lipase facilitated the enhancement of physiochemical properties and stability of enzyme. Covalently immobilized enzyme retained 85% of residual activity even on reuse after 10th reaction cycle. Validation of immobilized lipase for enantioselective resolution of 2-arylpropionic acid derivatives led to 47.8% conversion efficiency with 87% enantiomeric excess (ee) for ketoprofen, and 27.3% conversion efficiency with 75% ee for flurbiprofen. The enantioselective resolution using immobilized lipase (BSK-L) was superior to free and commercially procured lipase, which suggest a potential application of immobilized lipase in the pharmaceutical/chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Bhushan
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J & K, India.
| | - Rashmi Saraswat
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J & K, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College Kathua, J & K, India
| | - Bhahwal A Shah
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, (CSIR) Jammu, India
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Ladole MR, Nair RR, Bhutada YD, Amritkar VD, Pandit AB. Synergistic effect of ultrasonication and co-immobilized enzymes on tomato peels for lycopene extraction. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 48:453-462. [PMID: 30080572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, tomato peels were pre-treated using combination of ultrasound and enzyme co-immobilized amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (AMNPs) for the efficient release of lycopene. To achieve maximum activity of enzymes in the co-immobilized form, optimization of several parameters were carried out. Moreover, the influence of ultrasound and enzyme co-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles on lycopene release was studied. Maximum lycopene release was obtained at 3% (w/w) enzyme co-immobilized AMNPs, pH 5.0, temperature of 50 °C, at 10 W ultrasound power and 20 min incubation time. After enzymatic pre-treatment, lycopene from the pre-treated mixture was extracted and separated using tri-solvent extraction method. Maximum recovery of lycopene using solvent extraction was obtained at 50 °C, 90 min of incubation time and agitation speed of 150 rpm. The presence of lycopene in the extract was confirmed by FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy and HPLC analysis. The co-immobilized bio-catalyst showed excellent reusability giving more than 50% lycopene yield even after 6th cycles of reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur R Ladole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajiv R Nair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Aniruddha B Pandit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India..
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