1
|
Xu L, Cai Q, Liu X, Cai P, Tian C, Wu X, Wang C, Xiao B. Instantaneous and reversible flocculation of Scenedesmus via Chitosan and Xanthan Gum complexation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129899. [PMID: 37865151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
An instantaneous and reversible flocculation method for Scenedesmus harvesting was developed, based on the complexation of Chitosan (CTS) and Xanthan Gum (XG). Under rapid stirring, Scenedesmus cells formed centimeter-sized flocs within 20 s using binary flocculants of 4 mg/L CTS and 16 mg/L XG. These flocs exhibited a remarkable harvest efficiency exceeding 95 % when filtered through 500-μm-pore-sized sieves. Furthermore, the flocs could be completely disintegrated by using alkaline or NaCl solutions (pH > 11 or NaCl concentration > 1.5 mol/L). Adjusting pH allowed recovery of 50 % CTS and 75 % XG, resulting in microalgae biomass with lower flocculant content and reducing reagent costs. Electrostatic interaction of -COO- of XG and -NH3+ of CTS deduced the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), which shrink and wrap the coexisting algal cells to form the flocs under stirring. CTS and XG complexation was instantaneous and reversible, explaining quick flocculation and disintegration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qijia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cuicui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Dianchi Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Dianchi Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650228, China.
| | - Bangding Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Dianchi Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650228, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Z, Hao N, Hou Y, Wang Q, Liu Q, Yan S, Chen F, Zhao L. Technologies for harvesting the microalgae for industrial applications: Current trends and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129631. [PMID: 37544545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are emerging as a promising source for augmenting the supply of essential products to meet global demands in an environmentally sustainable manner. Despite the potential benefits of microalgae in industry, the high energy consumption for harvesting remains a significant obstacle. This review offers a comprehensive overview of microalgae harvesting technologies and their industrial applications, with particular emphasis on the latest advances in flocculation techniques. These cutting-edge methods have been applied to biodiesel production, food and nutraceutical processing, and wastewater treatment. Large-scale harvesting is still severely impeded by the high cost despite progress has been made in laboratory studies. In the future, cost-effective microalgal harvesting will rely on efficient resource utilization, including the use of waste materials and the reuse of media and flocculants. Additionally, precise regulation of biological metabolism will be necessary to overcome algal species-related limitations through the development of extracellular polymeric substance-induced flocculation technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nahui Hao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Suihao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Role of lake dissolved organic matter in cyanobacteria removal by cationic polyacrylamide flocculation and screen filtration. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
4
|
Zang X, Yu Z, Jiang W, Song X, Cao X. Dosage-effectiveness of modified clay flocculating red tide organisms: Mechanical mechanism and mathematical model. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
5
|
Cheng S, Zhang H, Li L, Yu T, Wang Y, Tan D, Zhang X. Harvesting of Microcystis flos-aquae using dissolved air flotation: The inhibitory effect of carboxyl groups in uronic acid-containing carbohydrates. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134466. [PMID: 35390405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting algal biomass reduces nutrient loading in eutrophicated lakes and the protein-rich microalgal biomass could be recycled as feedstocks of feed and fertilizer. Due to the complexity of algogenic organic matter (AOM), the key components and functional groups in AOM that inhibit coagulation-based microalgal harvesting have not been disclosed thus far. This study quantitatively analysed the responsive compositions and functional groups of AOM involved in the dissolved air flotation (DAF) harvesting of M. flos-aquae with 1 × 109 cell L-1 density at coagulation pH 6.2. The results showed that harvesting efficiency dropped drastically from 95.5 ± 0.7% to 43 ± 0.7% in the presence of AOM (26.77 mg L-1) at the coagulant dosage of 0.75 mg L-1 and further deteriorated with increasing AOM concentration. Carbohydrates contributed 81% of the total composition of substances involved in the DAF, while the contribution of protein and humic-like substances were only 18% and 1%, respectively. Stoichiometric analysis of functional groups in carbohydrates, proteins, and humic-like substances using model components revealed that carboxyl groups in uronic acid-containing carbohydrates accounted for 76% of the total reduction in carboxyl groups, which was much higher than that in proteins (23%) and humic-like substances (1%), indicating that carboxyl groups in uronic acids containing carbohydrates were the major inhibitors. A conceptual model of charge competition was proposed to explain the inhibition mechanism of carboxyl functional groups in uronic acid-containing carbohydrates on microalgal DAF. Strategies such as preventing carboxyl deprotonation by pH reduction and employment of sweeping/bridging polymeric coagulants/flocculants were proposed for the to reduce the inhibitory effect of carboxyl functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhe Cheng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongbo Yu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongpeng Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Daoyong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Fouling Effect on Commercial Ceramic Membranes during Filtration of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Monoraphidium contortum. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15103745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although interest in the use of membranes for the concentration of microalgal biomass has steadily been growing, little is known regarding the phenomena of membrane fouling. In addition, more attention has been given to polymeric membranes compared to ceramic membranes, which have a longer life that is associated with a higher resistance to aggressive chemical cleaning. In this study, microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) of two microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris and Monoraphidium contortum, were carried out using tubular crossflow ceramic membranes. Permeate flux was measured, resistance was calculated, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined. The flux reduction during the first 10 min of filtration was higher for MF than UF (>70% and <50%), and steady-state permeate fluxes were <5% (for MF) and <25% (for UF) of initial (in m3 m−2 s−1) 6.2 × 10−4 (for MF) and 1.7 × 10−4 (for UF). Total resistances (in m−1) were in the ranges of 4.2–5.4 × 1012 (UF) and 2.6–3.1 × 1012 (MF) for M. contortum and C. vulgaris, respectively. DOC reduction was higher for UF membrane (>80%) than for MF (<66%) and DOC concentrations (mg C L−1) in permeates following MF and UF were about five and two, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrated: (i) higher irreversible resistance for UF and reversible resistance for MF; (ii) permeate flux higher for UF and for M. contortum; (iii) the significant role of dissolved organic compounds in the formation of reversible resistance for MF and irreversible resistance for UF.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Microalgae are used in flocculation processes because biopolymers are released into the culture medium. Microalgal cell growth under specific conditions (temperature, pH, luminosity, nutrients, and salinity) provides the production and release of exopolysaccharides (EPS). These biopolymers can be recovered from the medium for application as bioflocculants or used directly in cultivation as microalgae autoflocculants. The optimization of nutritional parameters, the control of process conditions, and the possibility of scaling up allow the production and industrial application of microalgal EPS. Therefore, this review addresses the potential use of EPS produced by microalgae in bioflocculation. The recovery, determination, and quantification techniques for these biopolymers are also addressed. Moreover, other technological applications of EPS are highlighted.
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng Y, Xiao J, Cui N, Zhao Y, Zhao P. Enhancement of Lipid Productivity and Self-flocculation by Cocultivating Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 and Heveochlorella sp. Yu Under Mixotrophic Mode. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3173-3186. [PMID: 34089467 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To maintain high microalgae lipid productivity and flocculation efficiency simultaneously and reduce the production cost of microalgae lipids, Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 with high lipid-producing capacity and Heveochlorella sp. Yu with strong self-flocculation ability were cocultivated and studied. Cocultivated microalgae lipid productivity and flocculation efficiency were increased to 203.8 mg L-1 day-1 and 70.55%, respectively, which is potentially related to the excessive competitive depletion of nitrogen sources and the upregulation of correlative key genes in lipid anabolic metabolism. Under cocultivation conditions, microalgae cells could enter the stationary phase 2 days earlier than that under monocultivation conditions, thus reducing the culture time. Relative expression of the accD, ME, and rbcL genes was upregulated to varying degrees, and the enzyme activities of ACCase, ME, and RuBisCO were also significantly increased compared with those in monocultivation. Moreover, fatty acid composition showed that microalgae lipids in cocultivation exhibited potential as a feedstock for biodiesel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Feng
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Junmu Xiao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Na Cui
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Treatment of Wastewaters by Microalgae and the Potential Applications of the Produced Biomass—A Review. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of different types of wastewater by physicochemical or biological (non-microalgal) methods could often be either inefficient or energy-intensive. Microalgae are ubiquitous microscopic organisms, which thrive in water bodies that contain the necessary nutrients. Wastewaters are typically contaminated with nitrogen, phosphorus, and other trace elements, which microalgae require for their cell growth. In addition, most of the microalgae are photosynthetic in nature, and these organisms do not require an organic source for their proliferation, although some strains could utilize organics both in the presence and absence of light. Therefore, microalgal bioremediation could be integrated with existing treatment methods or adopted as the single biological method for efficiently treating wastewater. This review paper summarized the mechanisms of pollutants removal by microalgae, microalgal bioremediation potential of different types of wastewaters, the potential application of wastewater-grown microalgal biomass, existing challenges, and the future direction of microalgal application in wastewater treatment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Post MJ, Levenberg S, Kaplan DL, Genovese N, Fu J, Bryant CJ, Negowetti N, Verzijden K, Moutsatsou P. Scientific, sustainability and regulatory challenges of cultured meat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-0112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
11
|
Hawari AH, Alkhatib AM, Das P, Thaher M, Benamor A. Effect of the induced dielectrophoretic force on harvesting of marine microalgae (Tetraselmis sp.) in electrocoagulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110106. [PMID: 32090819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new electrocoagulation electrode configuration has been investigated in order to induce dielectrophoretic (DEP) force for the enhanced harvesting of marine microalgae (Tetraselmis sp.). Asymmetrical aluminum electrodes with an alternative current power supply were used. The impact of electrode configuration, current density and electrolysis time were evaluated. A maximum algal harvesting efficiency of 90.9% was achieved using 7.1 mA/cm2 current density and 10 min electrolysis time. The energy consumption was found to be 4.62 kWh/kg of microalgae. The major significance of using the new electrode configuration was found in the aluminum content in the harvested biomass which decreased by 52% compared to the conventional symmetrical electrocoagulation electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H Hawari
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Afnan M Alkhatib
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Probir Das
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Thaher
- Algal Technologies Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelbaki Benamor
- Gas Processing Centre, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rendón-Castrillón L, Ramírez-Carmona M, Ocampo-López C, Giraldo-Aristizabal R. Evaluation of the operational conditions in the production and morphology of Chlorella sp. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 81:202-209. [PMID: 32130288 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.228874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It was evaluated the effect of operational conditions in the production of Chlorella sp. after its selection from genus Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Nannochloris sp., Tetraselmis sp. and Dunaliella salina. Microalgae were inoculated in drinking water with addition of NPK fertilizer (N 24%, P 24%, K 18%), at a concentration of 0.5 g/L, agitation of 150 rpm, temperature 25 °C, light intensity of 1680 lumens at a color temperature of 6400K, without pH control for 8 days. The cellular concentrations obtained were 3.72x107 (Chlorella sp.), 1.36x107 (Scenedesmus sp.), 3.55x107 (Tetraselmis sp.), 5.74x107 (Nannochloris sp.) and 3.45x106 (Dunaliella salina), where the microalgae Chlorella sp., shows invasive capacity in drinking water cultivations. Applying the 2n-p fractional factorial design concept for the elemental composition of the microalgae and the cellular morphology, it was obtained 44.33% of C, 7.09% of H, 8.53% of N and 0.84% of S for the Chlorella sp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Rendón-Castrillón
- Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11-116, Medellín, Colombia
| | - M Ramírez-Carmona
- Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11-116, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Ocampo-López
- Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11-116, Medellín, Colombia
| | - R Giraldo-Aristizabal
- Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11-116, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ye J, Sha J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Hu Q, Chen Y. Influence of growth phase on the harvesting of Scenedesmus acuminatus using ultrafiltration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:25-31. [PMID: 30639715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular characteristics and algogenic organic matter (AOM) properties change with culture time. This study aims to understand the changes throughout the growth phase, and their effect on Scenedesmus acuminatus harvesting using ultrafiltration. The variations in cellular particle size distribution, cellular EPS content, and the biochemical composition and molecular weight of AOM were analyzed, followed by the membrane harvesting of the original S. acuminatus suspension, AOM-free cells and cell-free AOM. The results showed that the average flux for the original suspension increased with growth phase and reached an increase of 36.3% in the declining phase. AOM played a greater role than S. acuminatus cells in flux decline for all growth phases. Exponential-phase AOM contained a greater high-MW fraction and more carbohydrates, and the exponential cells were smaller cells and had a higher EPS content; these characteristics resulted in a reduced average flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Sha
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; SDIC Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., Beijing 100035, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Algae Biomass, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen Y, Lin H, Shen N, Yan W, Wang J, Wang G. Phosphorus release and recovery from Fe-enhanced primary sedimentation sludge via alkaline fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:266-271. [PMID: 30708329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus release and recovery from Fe-based chemically enhanced primary sedimentation (CEPS) sludge via alkaline fermentation was investigated. The coagulation results showed that 78% of organic matter and 95% of phosphorus were concentrated from sewage into sludge with the optimum dosages of 25 mg/L FeCl3. The batch fermentation results revealed that 69.35% of the phosphorus in the Fe-sludge can be released and the maximum phosphorus concentration was 20.57 mg/L at pH 11. In the recovery stage, 90% of the P released in the fermented sludge supernatant was precipitated at a 2:1 ratio of magnesium to phosphorus and pH 11. The result of X-ray diffraction indicated that magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) was the major component of the precipitated solids. Thus, the present study provides an alternative option for phosphorus release and recovery as MAP from CEPS sludge via alkaline fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Shen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Yan
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieai Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Das P, Thaher M, AbdulQuadir M, Khan S, Chaudhary A, Al-Jabri H. Long-term semi-continuous cultivation of a halo-tolerant Tetraselmis sp. using recycled growth media. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 276:35-41. [PMID: 30611084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a halotolerant Tetraselmis sp. was selected for 11-month outdoor semi-continuous cultivation in one sq. m raceway tank in the Qatari desert. A fraction of the culture was harvested using ferric chloride, and the growth media was returned to the tank. The recycling of culture media continued till the culture salinity reached 8% NaCl; 90% culture was then harvested, and the remaining culture fraction was used as inoculum for a new cultivation cycle. The growth of Tetraselmis sp. was not affected by incremental salinity although the intracellular metabolites varied; the average biomass productivity was 17.8 g/m2/d. Harvesting efficiency was slightly affected by the increase in salinity. Iron content in the harvested biomass was in the range of 1.5-3.3%, and acidic solution (pH = 1.48) was able to recover 91.3% iron from the harvested biomass. Nonetheless, Tetraselmis sp. could be grown continuously throughout the year in Qatar's climate condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Probir Das
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Mahmoud Thaher
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammed AbdulQuadir
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Shoyeb Khan
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Afeefa Chaudhary
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hareb Al-Jabri
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|