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Wang Y, Cao L, Lu Y, Liao J, Lu Y, Su C, Gao S. Impact analysis of hydraulic residence time and dissolved oxygen on performance efficiency and microbial community in N, N-dimethylformamide wastewater treated by an AnSBR-ASBR. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123326. [PMID: 38195026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Suitable operating parameters are one of the key factors to efficient and stable biological wastewater treatment of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) wastewater. In this study, an improved AnSBR-ASBR reactor (anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, AnSBR, and aerobic SBR, ASBR, run in series) was used to investigated the effects of operating conditions such as hydraulic residence time (HRT), AnSBR stirring speed and ASBR dissolved oxygen (DO) for DMF wastewater treatment. When HRT decreased from 24 h to 12 h, the average removal rates of COD by the AnSBR were 34.59% and 39.54%, respectively. Meanwhile, the removal rate of NH4+-N by ASBR decreased from 88.38% to 62.81%. The DMF removal rate reached the best at 18 h and the expression of dehydrogenase was the highest in the AnSBR. The abundance of Megasphaera, the dominant sugar-degrading bacteria in the AnSBR, continued to decline due to the decrease of HRT. The relative abundance of Methanobacterium gradually increased to 80.2% with the decrease of HRT and that hydrotrophic methanogenesis dominated the methanogenic process. The HRT decrease promoted butyrate and pyruvate metabolism in anaerobic sludge, but the proportion of glycolysis and methane metabolism decreased. The AnSBR-ASBR reactor had the best operation performance when HRT was 18 h, AnSBR speed was 220 r/min, and ASBR DO content was 3-4 mg/L. This study provided an effective reference for the reasonable selection of operating parameters in the treatment of DMF-containing wastewater by the AnSBR-ASBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Linlin Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yiying Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Junjie Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Shu Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
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Huang L, Li Z, Wang G, Han J, Hou Y, Zhang N. Composite hydrolytic acidification - aerobic MBBR process for treating traditional Chinese medicine wastewater. Biodegradation 2022; 33:509-528. [PMID: 35948760 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wastewater is characterized by high organic content, unstable water quality and quantity and low biodegradability. In this paper, the hydrolytic acidification reactor-aerobic moving bed biofilm (MBBR) process was used to degrade TCM wastewater. Besides, a small pilot study was conducted. The appropriate operating parameters: hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the hydrolytic reactor was 16 h, HRT of MBBR was 30 h, dissolved oxygen of MBBR was 6 mg/L, sludge return ratio of MBBR was 100%. The hydrolytic reactor was started for 25 days. MBBR was run in series with the hydrolytic reactor after 24 days of separate operation. The start-up of the composite reactor was completed after another 26 days. The average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen were 92% and 70%. The hydrolytic reactor was effective in decomposing macromolecules and MBBR had a strong ability to degrade pollutants through the excitation-emission-matrix spectra. The evolution pattern of the dominant bacterial genera and the surface morphology of sludge were studied by scanning electron microscopy and high-throughput sequencing analysis. It could be seen that the surface morphology of the biological filler was suitable for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Huang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Jingfu Han
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Yue Hou
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
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Kong Z, Li L, Wu J, Rong C, Wang T, Chen R, Sano D, Li YY. Unveiling the characterization and development of prokaryotic community during the start-up and long-term operation of a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor for the treatment of real municipal wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152643. [PMID: 34963601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is a promising sustainable process and technology for the treatment of municipal wastewater from the perspective of carbon neutrality. In this study, a large pilot-scale AnMBR was constructed and the microbial community development of the anaerobic digested sludge in the AnMBR was determined during the treatment of municipal wastewater. The AnMBR system was conducted for 217 days during a long-term operation with the feed of real municipal wastewater. The characterization and dynamics of the microorganisms revealed that a stable prokaryotic community was gradually achieved. In the community of methane-producing archaea (or methanogens), the acetotrophic methanogen Methanosaeta was significantly enriched at an ambient temperature of 25 °C with an overwhelming relative abundance in the entire community. The abundance of Methanosaeta was even higher than the most abundant bacterial phyla Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. This phenomenon is quite different from that found in other typical anaerobic systems. The massive enrichment of methanogens is the key to maintaining stable methane production in the treatment of municipal wastewater by the AnMBR. The interspecies cooperation of major functional bacterial groups including protein/carbohydrate/cellulose-degrading (genera Anaerovorax, Aminomonas, Levilinea, Flexilinea and Ruminococcus etc.), sulfate-reducing (Desulfovibrio and Desulfomicrobium etc.) and syntrophic (Syntrophorhabdus and Syntrophus etc.) bacteria with acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic archaea enhances the stability of reactor operation and help to acclimate the entire prokaryotic community to the characteristics of real municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Lu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jiang Wu
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Chao Rong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tianjie Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Rong Chen
- International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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Huang X, Duan C, Yu J, Dong W. Transforming heterotrophic to autotrophic denitrification process: Insights into microbial community, interspecific interaction and nitrogen metabolism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126471. [PMID: 34864178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For investigating the microbial community, interspecific interaction and nitrogen metabolism during the transform process from heterotrophic to synergistic and autotrophic denitrification, a filter was built, and carbon source and sulfur concentration were changed to release the transformation process. The results demonstrated that the transformation process was feasible to keep nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) discharge concentration lower than 15 mg L-1, however, nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) accumulation and its rate reached 7.85% at initial stages. The dominant denitrification gunes were Methylophilaceae, Thiovulaceae and Hydrogenophilaceae for three processes, respectively, and the microbial interspecific interaction of heterotrophic denitrification was more complex than others. NO2--N accumulation was confirmed by the low abundance of EC1.7.7.1 and EC1.7.2.1, and the dominance degree of dark oxidation of sulfur compounds and dark sulfide oxidation improved in synthesis and autotrophic denitrifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chongsen Duan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianghua Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Lin X, Su C, Deng X, Wu S, Tang L, Li X, Liu J, Huang X. Influence of polyether sulfone microplastics and bisphenol A on anaerobic granular sludge: Performance evaluation and microbial community characterization. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111318. [PMID: 32979806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The retention of polyether sulfone (PES) and bisphenol A (BPA) in wastewater has received extensive attention. The effects of PES and BPA on the removal of organic matter by anaerobic granular sludge were investigated. We also analyzed the changes in the electron transport system and the effects on the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), as well as alternations of the microbial community in the anaerobic granular sludge. In the experimental groups which received BPA, the removal of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were significantly suppressed, which an average removal efficiency of less than 65%, 30% lower than that of the control group. In the loosely-bound EPS (LB-EPS) excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra, the absorption peak of tryptophan disappeared when the BPA pollutants was added, which it was present in the control group without added pollutants. The addition of PES and BPA also affected protease, acetate kinase, and coenzyme F420 activities in the anaerobic granular sludge. Especially, the coenzyme F420 reduced from 0.0045 to 0.0017 μmol/L in the presence of PES and BPA. The relative abundance of Spirochaetes decreased in the presence of PES and BPA, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased from 12.98% to 22.87%. At the genus level, in the presence of PES and BPA, the relative abundance of Acinetobacter increased from 2.20% to 9.64% and Hydrogenophaga decreased sharply from 15.58% to 0.12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China; University Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environmental Change of Guangxi Province (Guangxi Normal University), 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Xue Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Shumin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Linqin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xinjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
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Su C, Deng Q, Lu Y, Pan J, Chen W, Chen S, Deng X, Lin X, Huang Z. Effect of circulation and micro-aeration on sludge characteristics and microbial community in an ABR for treating traditional Chinese medicine wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3284-3296. [PMID: 30961470 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1604818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of circulation reflux and micro-aeration on the performance of a modified anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wastewater were evaluated. The characteristics of anaerobic sludge and microbial community structure in the modified ABR were also investigated. The results indicated that with conditions of reflux ratio of 1, reflux ratio of 2, reflux ratio of 2 with micro-aeration, and reflux ratio of 3, the modified ABR achieved an average COD removal efficiency of 90%, 87.7%, 87.8%, and 88.4%, respectively. In addition, the NH3-N average removal efficiency was 45.1%, 50%, 55.9%, and 55.4%, respectively. The analysis of excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) showed that there were tyrosine-like, aromatic protein-like, and coenzyme F420 substances in the sludge. The EPS were analysed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which showed that aromatic compounds were partially degraded, while the protein and polysaccharide compounds increased in each compartment of the modified ABR. Interestingly, the microbial community of anaerobic sludge analysis results showed that Chloroflexi was the dominant in the first, third and fourth compartments. Meanwhile, Levilinea and Methanothrix were the dominant species in the first and third compartments at the genus level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, People's Republic of China
- University Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environmental Change of Guangxi Province, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiujin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Liu X, Jiang X, Zhang L, Hou C, Su G, Wang L, Mu Y, Shen J. Facilitated bio-mineralization of N,N-dimethylformamide in anoxic denitrification system: Long-term performance and biological mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116306. [PMID: 32861183 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to highly recalcitrant and toxicological nature of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), efficient removal of DMF is challenging for biological wastewater treatment. In this study, an anoxic denitrification system was developed and continuously operated for 220 days in order to verify the enhanced DMF biodegradation mechanism. As high as 41.05 mM DMF could be thoroughly removed in the anoxic denitrification reactor at hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 24 h, while the total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrate removal efficiencies were as high as 95.7 ± 2.5% and 98.4 ± 1.1%, respectively. Microbial community analyses indicated that the species related to DMF hydrolysis (Paracoccus, Brevundimonas and Chryseobacterium) and denitrification (Paracoccus, Arenimonas, Hyphomicrobium, Aquamicrobium and Bosea) were effectively enriched in the anoxic denitrification system. Transcriptional analysis coupled with enzymatic activity assay indicated that both hydrolysis and mineralization of DMF were largely enhanced in the anoxic denitrification system. Moreover, the occurrence of microbial denitrification distinctly facilitated carbon source utilization to produce electron and energy, which was rather beneficial for better reactor performance. This study demonstrated that the anoxic denitrification system would be a potential alternative for efficient treatment of wastewater polluted by recalcitrant pollutants such as DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xinbai Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Cheng Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Abstract
Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors are popular tools in wastewater treatment systems due to the ability to work with high feed rates and wastes with high concentration of organic contaminants. While full-scale industrial applications of UASB reactors are developed and described in the available literature, laboratory-scale designs utilized for treatability testing are not well described. The majority of published studies do not describe the laboratory UASB construction details or do use reactors that already had developed a trophic network in microbial consortia under laboratory environment and therefore are more stable. The absence of defined guidelines for geometry design, selection of materials, construction, operation rules, and, especially, the start-up conditions, significantly hamper researchers who desire to conduct treatability testing using UASB reactors in laboratory scale. In this article, we compiled and analyzed the information available in the refereed literature concerning UASB reactors used in laboratory environment, where information on geometry and/or operational conditions were provided in detail. We utilized the information available in the literature and the experience gained in our laboratory (Sustainable Waste to Bioproducts Engineering Center) to suggest a unified operation flowchart and for design, construction, operation, and monitoring for a laboratory-scale UASB reactors.
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Deng Q, Su C, Lu X, Chen W, Guan X, Chen S, Chen M. Performance and functional microbial communities of denitrification process of a novel MFC-granular sludge coupling system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123173. [PMID: 32199399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The performance, microbial communities and functional gene metabolism of the novel microbial fuel cell (MFC)-granular sludge coupling system was investigated. The results showed that COD and nitrogen removal can be up to 1.3-2.0 kg COD/L, 20-30 mg NO2--N/L, and 60-70 mg NO3--N/L, respectively. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial phyla, and the denitrification process was mainly consisted of the dominant denitrifying bacteria: Thauera (26.21%) and Pseudomonas (14.79%) in the first compartment, combining with denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria: NC10 phylum of 0.072% (the first compartment) and 0.089% (the fourth compartment), Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera of 0.044% (the first compartment) and 0.048% (the fourth compartment). According to functional gene classification for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, metabolism was the main cluster for the whole sequence in the KEGG (7.17-11.41%), indicating that the dominant metabolic pathway played an important role in the degradation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China; University Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environmental Change of Guangxi Province (Guangxi Normal University), 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Xinya Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Wuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Xin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Shenglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
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Kong Z, Li L, Wang T, Rong C, Xue Y, Zhang T, Wu J, Li YY. New insights into the cultivation of N, N-dimethylformamide-degrading methanogenic consortium: A long-term investigation on the variation of prokaryotic community inoculated with activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109060. [PMID: 31884196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of the N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-degrading methanogenic consortium is considered difficult. In this study, an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) was inoculated with activated sludge in order to culture the DMF-degrading anaerobic sludge under a constant DMF concentration of approximately 2000 mg L-1. While the UASB realized a nearly 100% degradation of DMF and a high methane production of 1.03 L d-1 for the first two months, both the removal efficiency and methane production continued to decrease until the end. The characterization of the prokaryotic community reveals that those DMF-hydrolyzing bacteria (DHB) originating from the activated sludge were responsible for the effective degradation of DMF. However, even when fed with a constant concentration of DMF, the DHB kept decreasing all the time while methane-producing archaea were rapidly cultivated. The variation of prokaryotic community suggests that the DHB could not proliferate anaerobically without utilizing the intermediate products from the hydrolysis of DMF, resulting in an unstable DMF-degrading consortium. The cultivation of DHB under the anaerobic condition of the UASB was therefore difficult. The reason it was not possible to culture a DMF-degrading methanogenic consortium in this study is that the DHB are denitrifying bacteria which require nitrate for their cell growth under the anaerobic condition. The solution to maintain the abundance of these DHB is to add doses of nitrate into the system. Nitrate is likely to help these DHB recapture intermediates from methanogens, enabling them to perform a heterotrophic denitrification by using a small proportion of DMF as the carbon source while simultaneously maintaining the cell growth of DHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Kong
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Lu Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tianjie Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Chao Rong
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jiang Wu
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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11
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Zhao L, Su C, Chen S, Ye Z, Wei X, Yao T, Li G, Wang P. Expanded granular sludge blanket reactor treatment of food waste at ambient temperature: Analysis of nitrogen compositions and microbial community structure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122134. [PMID: 31542499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The influent and effluent nitrogen compositions of an expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor employed for treating food waste (FW) operated under ambient temperature was evaluated. Additionally, dynamic changes in the bacterial community structures and its metabolic functions were investigated. Results show that the EGSB reactor had a good effect on FW disposal and well resistance to variations in the organic loading rate. Furthermore, the COD concentration in the influent increased to about 10,000 mg/L and the COD removal rate stabilized at about 95%. The dissolved ammonia nitrogen (d-ammonia) content was the largest, accounting for approximately 70-80% of the dissolved nitrogen in the effluent. The amount of particulate organic nitrogen (PON) decreased by about 25%-33%. Amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism decreased at high organic loading rate (OLR). Meanwhile, the abundance of Methanothrix increased from 30.82% to 70.25%, whereas Methanobacterium decreased from 66.14% to 14.49%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China; School of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Shuxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
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12
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Su C, Lin X, Zheng P, Chen Y, Zhao L, Liao Y, Liu J. Effect of cephalexin after heterogeneous Fenton-like pretreatment on the performance of anaerobic granular sludge and activated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:84-95. [PMID: 31255769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of Fe3O4 NPs heterogeneous Fenton-like pretreatment on the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) and activated sludge (AS) with cephalexin were investigated. Results showed that the average removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by the AGS was 80.9%, 85.9%, 90.3% and 91.6%, respectively, at cephalexin without pretreatment, pretreatment with 20% (H2O2), 40% (H2O2) and 60% (H2O2). Compared to the reactor without pretreatment, the COD removal rate increased by 24.14% with 60% (H2O2) pretreatment for the AS. Dehydrogenase levels in the AS were 313.05, 351.12, 434.81 and 480.77 mg TF (g·h)-1, which increased with higher concentrations of the pretreatment. Three-dimensional fluorescence (EEM) spectra analysis showed that the absorption peak intensities of humic acid in soluble microbial products (SMP) decreased in the AGS with increasing pretreatment. In the AGS, the dominant bacterial populations were Levilinea, Litorilinea and Clostridium sensu stricto. Clostridium sensu stricto accounting for 4.35% without pretreatment, while it was as high as 17% when it was pretreated with 60% (H2O2). The increase in the proportion of Clostridium sensu stricto was beneficial to the removal of organic pollutants. The pretreatment was also beneficial to the growth of acetic acid producing Methanothrix. For the AS, Gemmobacter were the dominant species, which increased from 6.56% to 32.61% after increasing the pretreatment to 40% (H2O2). Furthermore, the microbial capacities of amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were enhanced by addition of pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China; University Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environmental Change of Guangxi Province (Guangxi Normal University), 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Xumeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yongshen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Lijian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yongde Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
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13
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Su C, Deng Q, Lu Y, Qin R, Chen S, Wei J, Chen M, Huang Z. Effects of hydraulic retention time on the performance and microbial community of an anaerobic baffled reactor-bioelectricity Fenton coupling reactor for treatment of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121508. [PMID: 31132595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present paper was to investigate the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the performance and microbial community dynamics of an anaerobic baffled reactor-bioelectricity Fenton (ABR-BEF) coupling reactor for treating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wastewater. The results show that the average removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N at HRTs of 24 h and 18 h were high (>90% and >70%, respectively), but decreased to about 40% and 30% when operating at 12 h HRT. For the electrical production performance, the maximum power density was 196.86 mW/m3 at a HRT of 18 h. Methanomicrobia was the dominant archaea in the coupling reactor and the relative abundance of Methanothrix and Methanolinea increased with decreasing HRT. For the bacteria, the relative abundance of Planctomycetia significantly decreased with a short HRT; however, Anaerolineaceae was always the dominant bacterial taxa, which could guarantee efficient treatment of TCM wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China; University Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environmental Change of Guangxi Province (Guangxi Normal University), 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Qiujin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ronghua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Shenglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Jingwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
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14
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Kong Z, Li L, Kato H, Zhang T, Xue Y, Li YY. Dissection and characterization of the prokaryotic community during the long-term operation of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor for the anaerobic treatment of N, N-dimethylformamide-containing wastewater with a co-cultured inoculum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:482-493. [PMID: 30897486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) was operated for the anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing approximately 2000 mg L-1N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Inoculated with a co-cultured inoculum, the SAnMBR obtained an excellent DMF removal under a low organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.14-4.16 g COD L-1 d-1. However, the elevation of OLR limited hydrolysis. While the co-cultured inoculum initially contains abundant DMF-hydrolyzing bacteria with potential to hydrolyze DMF into intermediates, such as Paracoccus, Hyphomicrobium, Burkholderia, Catellibacterium, Bacillus and Bradyrhizobium, since these bacteria are facultative anaerobes which survive anaerobically, they kept decaying rather than proliferating, resulting in the weakening of the DMF-hydrolyzing ability. Each re-inoculation of new sludge only temporarily revitalized hydrolysis activity for a short period. Due to the lack of nitrate, these bacteria were unable to proliferate. This suggests that a small dose of nitrate would help to enrich these bacteria and establish a stable DMF-degrading consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Kong
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Lu Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- The Japan Institute of Wastewater Engineering and Technology, Suido-Cho Bld 7F, 3-1 Suido-Cho, Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo 162-0811, Japan
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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15
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Kong Z, Li L, Kurihara R, Zhang T, Li YY. Anaerobic treatment of N,N-dimethylformamide-containing high-strength wastewater by submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor with a co-cultured inoculum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:696-708. [PMID: 30731415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing approximately 2000 mg L-1N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was conducted by a lab-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR). The inoculum consisted of aerobic DMF-hydrolyzing activated sludge (DAS) and anaerobic digested sludge (ADS). A rapid start-up was achieved with thorough DMF methanogenic degradation on the first day. The results of a 250-day long-term experiment demonstrated that under a low organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.14-4.16 g COD L-1 d-1, SAnMBR maintained excellent DMF removal efficiency along with high methane conversion. However, the elevation of OLR significantly limited DMF hydrolysis. When OLR exceeded 6.54 g COD L-1 d-1, both removal efficiency and methane production dramatically dropped. The DMF-hydrolyzing bacteria originating from the DAS gradually decayed under the anaerobic condition, resulting in the weak hydrolysis of DMF. The shortening of hydraulic retention time (HRT) is not recommended for the SAnMBR because severe membrane fouling occurred when HRT was shortened to 8 h. To handle high OLRs, an appropriate solution is to maintain a low F/M ratio by increasing both the influent DMF concentration and sludge concentration. The high CH4 content in the biogas, exceeding 85%, was shown to be the reason for the suitability of anaerobic treatment to DMF. Some improvements which would help to maintain the effective hydrolysis are proposed: a side-stream system to replenish DAS to the SAnMBR is helpful; slight dosage of nitrate could also help to enrich the DMF-hydrolyzing bacteria; and the co-digestion of DMF and other organics might be convenient to establish a stable DMF-degrading consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Kong
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Lu Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Rei Kurihara
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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Chen Y, Wu C, Shen Y, Ma Y, Wei D, Wang W. N, N-dimethylformamide induces cellulase production in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:36. [PMID: 30820246 PMCID: PMC6380019 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei produces cellulase enzymes that are widely studied for lignocellulose bioconversion to biofuel. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is a versatile organic solvent used in large quantities in industries. RESULTS In this study, we serendipitously found that biologically relevant concentrations of extracellular DMF-induced cellulase production in the T. reesei hyper-cellulolytic mutant Rut-C30 and wild-type strain QM6a. Next, by transcriptome analysis, we determined that plc-e encoding phospholipase C was activated by DMF and revealed that cytosolic Ca2+ plays a vital role in the response of T. reesei to DMF. Using EGTA (a putative extracellular Ca2+ chelator) and LaCl3 (a plasma membrane Ca2+ channel blocker), we demonstrated that DMF induced a cytosolic Ca2+ burst via extracellular Ca2+ and Ca2+ channels in T. reesei, and that the cytosolic Ca2+ burst induced by DMF-mediated overexpression of cellulase through calcium signaling. Deletion of crz1 confirmed that calcium signaling plays a dominant role in DMF-induced cellulase production. Additionally, 0.5-2% DMF increases the permeability of T. reesei mycelia for cellulase release. Simultaneous supplementation with 1% DMF and 10 mM Mn2+ to T. reesei Rut-C30 increased cellulase activity approximately fourfold compared to that without treatment and was also more than that observed in response to either treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that DMF-induced cellulase production via calcium signaling and permeabilization. Our results also provide insight into the role of calcium signaling in enzyme production for enhanced cellulase production and the development of novel inducers of cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Chen
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B. 311, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Chuan Wu
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B. 311, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B. 311, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Yushu Ma
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B. 311, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B. 311, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O.B. 311, Shanghai, 200237 China
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