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Hong Y, Yang L, You X, Zhang H, Xin X, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Effects of light quality on microalgae cultivation: bibliometric analysis, mini-review, and regulation approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31192-2. [PMID: 38015404 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing concern for energy shortages and greenhouse effect has triggered the development of sustainable green technologies. Microalgae have received more attention due to the characteristics of biofuel production and CO2 fixation. From the perspective of autotrophic growth, the optimization of light quality has the potential to promote biomass production and bio-component accumulation in microalgae at low cost. In this study, bibliometric analysis was used to describe the basic features, identify the hotspots, and predict future trends of the research related to the light quality on microalgae cultivation. In addition, a mini-review referring to regulation methods of light quality was provided to optimize the framework of research. Results demonstrated that China has the greatest interest in this area. The destination of most research was to obtain biofuels and high-value-added products. Both blue and red lights were identified as the crucial spectrums for microalgae cultivation. However, sunlight is the most affordable light resource, which could not be fully utilized by microalgae through the photosynthetic process. Hence, some regulation approaches (e.g., dyes, plasmonic scattering, and carbon-based quantum dots) are proposed to increase the proportion of beneficial spectrum for enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency. In summary, this review introduces state-of-the-art research and provides theoretical guidance for light quality optimization in microalgae cultivation to obtain more benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Libin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiaogang You
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haigeng Zhang
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaying Xin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Cheirsilp B, Maneechote W, Srinuanpan S, Angelidaki I. Microalgae as tools for bio-circular-green economy: Zero-waste approaches for sustainable production and biorefineries of microalgal biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129620. [PMID: 37544540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are promising organisms that are rapidly gaining much attention due to their numerous advantages and applications, especially in biorefineries for various bioenergy and biochemicals. This review focuses on the microalgae contributions to Bio-Circular-Green (BCG) economy, in which zero-waste approaches for sustainable production and biorefineries of microalgal biomass are introduced and their possible integration is discussed. Firstly, overviews of wastewater upcycling and greenhouse gas capture by microalgae are given. Then, a variety of valuable products from microalgal biomass, e.g., pigments, vitamins, proteins/peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and exopolysaccharides, are summarized to emphasize their biorefinery potential. Techno-economic and environmental analyses have been used to evaluate sustainability of microalgal biomass production systems. Finally, key issues, future perspectives, and challenges for zero-waste microalgal biorefineries, e.g., cost-effective techniques and innovative integrations with other viable processes, are discussed. These strategies not only make microalgae-based industries commercially feasible and sustainable but also reduce environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Program of Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Wageeporn Maneechote
- Program of Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sirasit Srinuanpan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Chiang Mai Research Group for Carbon Capture and Storage, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Program of Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Soto-Sánchez O, Hidalgo P, González A, Oliveira PE, Hernández Arias AJ, Dantagnan P. Microalgae as Raw Materials for Aquafeeds: Growth Kinetics and Improvement Strategies of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Production. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:5110281. [PMID: 36860971 PMCID: PMC9973195 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5110281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that ancient cultures used microalgae as food for centuries. Currently, scientific reports highlight the value of nutritional composition of microalgae and their ability to accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids at certain operational conditions. These characteristics are gaining increasing interest for the aquaculture industry which is searching for cost-effective replacements for fish meal and oil because these commodities are one of the most significant operational expenses and their dependency has become a bottleneck for their sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. This review is aimed at highlighting the use of microalgae as polyunsaturated fatty acid source in aquaculture feed formulations, despite their scarce production at industrial scale. Moreover, this document includes several approaches to improve microalgae production and to increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids with emphasis in the accumulation of DHA, EPA, and ARA. Furthermore, the document compiles several studies which prove microalgae-based aquafeeds for marine and freshwater species. Finally, the study explores the aspects that intervene in production kinetics and improvement strategies with possibilities for upscaling and facing main challenges of using microalgae in the commercial production of aquafeeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Soto-Sánchez
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pamela Hidalgo
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Aixa González
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia E. Oliveira
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adrián J. Hernández Arias
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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Ma W, Liu M, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Huang P, Guo D, Sun X, Huang H. Efficient co-production of EPA and DHA by Schizochytrium sp. via regulation of the polyketide synthase pathway. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1356. [PMID: 36494568 PMCID: PMC9734096 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, the supply of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) traditionally produced by marine fisheries will be insufficient to meet their market demand in food industry. Thus a sustainable alternative source is urgently required. Schizochytrium sp. is an ideal producer of DHA; however, its ability to co-produce DHA and EPA has not yet been proved. Herein, we first described a cobalamin-independent methionine synthase-like (MetE-like) complex, which contains independent acyltransferase and 3-ketoacyl synthase domains, independent of the traditional polyketide synthase (PKS) system. When the MetE-like complex was activated, the EPA content was increased from 1.26% to 7.63%, which is 6.06-folds higher than that in the inactivated condition. Through lipidomics, we find that EPA is more inclined to be stored as triglyceride. Finally, the EPA production was enhanced from 4.19 to 29.83 (mg/g cell dry weight) using mixed carbon sources, and the final yield reached 2.25 g/L EPA and 9.59 g/L DHA, which means that Schizochytrium sp. has great market potential for co-production of EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ma
- grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China ,grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengzhen Liu
- grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixu Zhang
- grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingshuang Xu
- grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengwei Huang
- grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China ,grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China ,grid.412022.70000 0000 9389 5210College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, China
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Song Y, Hu Z, Xiong Z, Li S, Liu W, Tian T, Yang X. Comparative transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses indicate that cold stress enhanced the production of the long C18–C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Aurantiochytrium sp. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:915773. [PMID: 36204624 PMCID: PMC9530390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.915773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium sp. belonging to Thraustochytrids are known for their capacity to produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, effects of cold stress accompanied with staged-temperature control on the fatty acid metabolism in Aurantiochytrium sp. were rarely studied. In this study, cold stress (15°C, 5°C) was applied for Aurantiochytrium sp., with the physiological responses (morphology, growth, fatty acid profiling) and gene expression related FA synthesis, lipid metabolism, and regulatory processes was observed. Results showed that there is a significant change for the lipid types under 5°C (251 species) and 15°C (97 species) treatment. The 5°C treatment was benefit for the C18–C22 PUFAs with the yield of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased to 1.25 times. After incubation at 15°C, the accumulation of eicosadienoic acid (EA) (20:2) was increased to 2.00-fold. Based on transcriptomic and qPCR analysis, an increase in genes involved in fatty acid synthase (FAS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) pathways was observed under low-temperature treatment. With upregulation of 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (2.44-fold), ketoreductase (2.50-fold), and dTDP-glucose 4,6-Dehydratase (rfbB) (2.31-fold) involved in PKS pathway, the accumulation of DHA was enhanced under 5°C. While, FAS and fatty elongase 3 (ELO) involved in the FAS pathway were upregulated (1.55-fold and 2.45-fold, respectively) to accumulate PUFAs at 15°C. Additionally, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPAT), phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP), phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS), and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) involved in glycerophospholipid biosynthesis were upregulated at 5°C increasing the accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). However, glycolysis and the TCA cycle were inhibited under 5°C. This study provides a contribution to the application of two-staged temperature control in the Aurantiochytrium sp. fermentation for producing cold stress-enhancing PUFAs, in order to better understand the function of the key genes for future genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Song
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Xiong
- Shenzhen Institute of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Shenzhen Institute of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xuewei Yang,
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6
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Sousa S, Freitas AC, Gomes AM, Carvalho AP. Modulated stress to balance Nannochloropsis oculata growth and eicosapentaenoic acid production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4017-4027. [PMID: 35599259 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two environmental parameters, temperature and light intensity, were independently used as stress modulators to enhance eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production by the microalga Nannochloropsis oculata, without hindering biomass production. A sinusoidal approach was used, as environmental conditions were alternated between optimum and stress status in multi-day cycles. Low temperatures (5 and 10 °C) and light intensities (30 and 50 μmol photons/m2/s) were tested. Results revealed that the modulated stress approach used was able to avoid decreases in biomass production. Temperature stress (10 °C) presented the highest impact, increasing EPA content to 12.8 mgEPA/L, 158% more than the amount obtained in optimum (non-modulated) growth conditions at that point in time, while the lower light intensity stress was able to increase to 126% more. It is important to point out that in both cases increases in EPA amounts resulted from increased content in each individual cell and not just from increased biomass contents. KEY POINTS: • Temperature stress (10 °C) presented the highest impact increasing EPA content 158% • Lower light intensity stress was able to increase EPA to 126% more • EPA increased in individual cell contents simultaneous with biomass increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia E Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C Freitas
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia E Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia E Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana P Carvalho
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia E Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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Kadalag NL, Pawar PR, Prakash G. Co-cultivation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Aurantiochytrium limacinum for polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126544. [PMID: 34902489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine protist Aurantiochytrium limacinum produces docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as main polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and lacks any monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and MUFA's are produced by Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The marine diatom P. tricornutum was co-cultured with A.limacinum to match the EPA:DHA ratio of fish oil. Modulation in initial cell density ratio overcame the dominance of A.limacinum during co-cultivation and led to regulated proliferation of both species. Media engineering with nitrate and glycerol concentration yielded 2:1 (56.44: 30.11) mg g-1 and 1:1 (47.43: 49.61) mg g-1 EPA: DHA ratio. The oil and biomass obtained from co-cultivation comprised of MUFA's such as palmitoleic acid (2.65 mg g-1) and oleic acid (1.25 mg g-1) along with pigments like fucoxanthin (367.18 µg g-1), β-carotene (8.98 µg g-1) and astaxanthin (0.77 µg g-1). Thus, co-cultivation of P. tricornutum with A. limacinum represented a unique strategy towards achieving desired fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil L Kadalag
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Pratik R Pawar
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Gunjan Prakash
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
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Wang Z, Mou J, Qin Z, He Y, Sun Z, Wang X, Lin CSK. An auxin-like supermolecule to simultaneously enhance growth and cumulative eicosapentaenoic acid production in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126564. [PMID: 34915115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a model alga, is well known for its ability to accumulate intracellular omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, P.tricornutum cells need to have a higher EPA content if they are to be used for industrial applications. In this study, an auxin-like supermolecule (SM) was synthesised and used for the cultivation of P. tricornutum. Results show that the addition of 1 ppm of SM significantly increased the P. tricornutum cell density and boosted the P. tricornutum biomass. The experimental group treated with 5 ppm of SM, had an EPA content of 31.7%, which was a 2.09-fold increase over the EPA content in the untreated group. Overall, our results demonstrated that SM can significantly improve the microalgal growth and EPA accumulation in P. tricornutum, providing a feasible strategy to achieve efficient and cost-effective EPA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyao Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jinhua Mou
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Zihao Qin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yuhe He
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Zheng Sun
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Jakhwal P, Kumar Biswas J, Tiwari A, Kwon EE, Bhatnagar A. Genetic and non-genetic tailoring of microalgae for the enhanced production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126250. [PMID: 34728356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The myriad health benefits associated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) laid the path for their application in the functional foods and nutraceutical industries. Fish being primarily exploited for extraction of EPA and DHA are unsustainable sources; thus, oleaginous microalgae turn out to be an alternative sustainable source. This review paper aims to provide the recent developments in the context of enhancing EPA and DHA production by utilising non-genetic tailoring and genetic tailoring methods. We have also summarized the legislation, public perception, and possible risks associated with the usage of genetically modified microalgae focusing on EPA and DHA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jakhwal
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Enviromicrobiology, Ecotoxicology and Ecotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Ecological Studies, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India; International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland.
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Aburai N, Nishida A, Abe K. Aerial microalgae Coccomyxa simplex isolated from a low-temperature, low-light environment, and its biofilm growth and lipid accumulation. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Monteiro M, Lavrador AS, Santos R, Rangel F, Iglesias P, Tárraga M, Couto A, Serra CR, Tafalla C, Da Costa E, Domingues MR, Oliva-Teles A, Carvalho AP, Enes P, Díaz-Rosales P. Evaluation of the Potential of Marine Algae Extracts as a Source of Functional Ingredients Using Zebrafish as Animal Model for Aquaculture. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:529-545. [PMID: 34189658 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on immunotherapeutic agents has become a focus for the treatment of fish diseases. The ability of algae to produce secondary metabolites of potential interest as immunotherapeutics has been documented. The present research intended to assess antiviral and antibacterial activities of macro- and microalgae extracts against viral and bacterial pathogens and explore their immunomodulatory potential using zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as a model organism. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of eight methanolic and ethanolic extracts from two macroalgae (Fucus vesiculosus, Ulva rigida) and two microalgae (Nannochloropsis gaditana, Chlorella sp.) were analyzed in established fish cell lines. Six extracts were selected to evaluate antibacterial activity by disk diffusion and growth inhibition assays. The three most promising extracts were characterized in terms of fatty acid composition, incorporated at 1% into a plant-based diet, and evaluated their effect on zebrafish immune response and intestinal morphology in a short-term feeding trial. All extracts exhibited in vitro antiviral activity against viral hemorrhagic septicemia and/or infectious pancreatic necrosis viruses. Methanolic extracts from F. vesiculosus and U. rigida were richer in saturated fatty acids and exhibited in vitro antibacterial action against several bacteria. Most promising results were obtained in vivo with F. vesiculosus methanol extract, which exerted an anti-inflammatory action when incorporated alone into diets and induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, when combined with the other extracts. Moreover, dietary inclusion of the extracts improved intestinal morphology. In summary, the results obtained in this study support the potential of algae as natural sources of bioactive compounds for the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monteiro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A S Lavrador
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - R Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Rangel
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Iglesias
- , Parque Industrial Base 2000, Lorquí, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Tárraga
- , Parque Industrial Base 2000, Lorquí, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Couto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - C R Serra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - C Tafalla
- Inmunología Y Patología de Peces, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, INIA), Carretera de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Da Costa
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M R Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - A P Carvalho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Enes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Díaz-Rosales
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Inmunología Y Patología de Peces, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, INIA), Carretera de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Castro-Varela PA, Celis-Plá PSM, Abdala-Díaz R, Figueroa FL. Photobiological Effects on Biochemical Composition in Porphyridium cruentum (Rhodophyta) with a Biotechnological Application. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1032-1042. [PMID: 33829505 DOI: 10.1111/php.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the relation of photosynthetic capacity, growth and biochemical compounds in the microalgae Porphyridium cruentum under saturated irradiance (200 μmol m-2 s-1 ) by white light (WL) and low-pressure sodium vapor lamps (SOX lamps-control) and supplemented by fluorescent lamps (FLs) with different light qualities (blue: λmax = 440 nm; green: λmax = 560 nm; and red: λmax = 660 nm). The maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv / Fm ) showed a positive correlation with the light quality by saturating light SOX in mixture with stimulating blue light than the white light (WL) at the harvest day (10 days). The production, that is maximal electron transport rate (ETRmax ), and energy dissipation, that is maximal nonphotochemical quenching (NPQmax ), had the same pattern throughout the time (3-6 days) being the values higher under white light (WL) compared with SOX and SOX plus supplemented different light qualities. Total protein levels increased significantly in the presence of SOX light, while phycoerythrin (B-PE) showed significant differences under SOX+ blue light. Arachidonic acid (ARA) was higher under SOX and SOX plus supplemented different light qualities than that under WL, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was the reverse. The high photomorphogenic potential by SOX light shows promising application for microalgal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Castro-Varela
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paula S M Celis-Plá
- Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Research, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha, Traslaviña, Viña del Mar, Chile.,HUB-AMBIENTAL UPLA, Vicerrectoría de Investigación Postgrado e Innovación, University of Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Roberto Abdala-Díaz
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Félix L Figueroa
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
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13
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Kim SH, Lee UH, Lee SB, Jeong GT, Kim SK. Improvement of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Production from Porphyridium cruentum Using a Two-Phase Culture System in a Photobioreactor with Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:456-463. [PMID: 33323671 PMCID: PMC9705849 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2011.11004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the culture conditions for Porphyridium cruentum were optimized to obtain the maximum biomass and lipid productions. The eicosapentaenoic acid content was increased by pH optimization. P. cruentum was cultured with modified F/2 medium in 14-L photobioreactors using a two-phase culture system, in which the green (520 nm) and red (625 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used during the first and second phases for biomass production and lipid production, respectively. Various parameters, including aeration rate, light intensity, photoperiod, and pH were optimized. The maximum biomass concentration of 0.91 g dcw/l was obtained with an aeration rate of 0.75 vvm, a light intensity of 300 μmol m-2s-1, and a photoperiod of 24:0 h. The maximum lipid production of 51.8% (w/w) was obtained with a light intensity of 400 μmol m-2s-1 and a photoperiod of 18:6 h. Additionally, the eicosapentaenoic acid and unsaturated fatty acid contents reached 30.6% to 56.2% at pH 6.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Kim
- School of Marine, Fisheries and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Hun Lee
- School of Marine, Fisheries and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Baek Lee
- School of Marine, Fisheries and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Taek Jeong
- School of Marine, Fisheries and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Koo Kim
- School of Marine, Fisheries and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-51-629-5868 Fax: + 82-51-629-5863 E-mail:
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14
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Jovanovic S, Dietrich D, Becker J, Kohlstedt M, Wittmann C. Microbial production of polyunsaturated fatty acids - high-value ingredients for aquafeed, superfoods, and pharmaceuticals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:199-211. [PMID: 33540327 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), primarily docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have received worldwide attention in recent years due to an increasing awareness of their uniqueness in improving diet and human health and their apparently inevitable shortage in global availability. Microbial cell factories are a major solution to supplying these precious molecules in sufficient amounts and providing PUFA-rich aquafeed, superfoods, and medical formulations. This review assesses the PUFA world markets and highlights recent advances in upgrading and streamlining microalgae, yeasts, fungi, and bacteria for high-level PUFA production and broadening of the PUFA spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Jovanovic
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Demian Dietrich
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Judith Becker
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany.
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15
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Wang Q, Oshita K, Takaoka M. Effective lipid extraction from undewatered microalgae liquid using subcritical dimethyl ether. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:17. [PMID: 33422122 PMCID: PMC7797121 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies of lipid extraction from microalgae have focused primarily on dewatered or dried samples, and the processes are simple with high lipid yield. Yet, the dewatering with drying step is energy intensive, which makes the energy input during the lipid production more than energy output from obtained lipid. Thus, exploring an extraction technique for just a thickened sample without the dewatering, drying and auxiliary operation (such as cell disruption) is very significant. Whereas lipid extraction from the thickened microalgae is complicated by the high water content involved, and traditional solvent, hence, cannot work well. Dimethyl ether (DME), a green solvent, featuring a high affinity for both water and organic compounds with an ability to penetrate the cell walls has the potential to achieve this goal. RESULTS This study investigated an energy-saving method for lipid extraction using DME as the solvent with an entrainer solution (ethanol and acetone) for flocculation-thickened microalgae. Extraction efficiency was evaluated in terms of extraction time, DME dosage, entrainer dosage, and ethanol:acetone ratio. Optimal extraction occurred after 30 min using 4.2 mL DME per 1 mL microalgae, with an entrainer dosage of 8% at 1:2 ethanol:acetone. Raw lipid yields and its lipid component (represented by fatty acid methyl ester) contents were compared against those of common extraction methods (Bligh and Dryer, and Soxhlet). Thermal gravimetry/differential thermal analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and C/H/N elemental analyses were used to examine differences in lipids extracted using each of the evaluated methods. Considering influence of trace metals on biodiesel utilization, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analyses were used to quantify trace metals in the extracted raw lipids, which revealed relatively high concentrations of Mg, Na, K, and Fe. CONCLUSIONS Our DME-based method recovered 26.4% of total raw lipids and 54.4% of total fatty acid methyl esters at first extraction with remnants being recovered by a 2nd extraction. In additional, the DME-based approach was more economical than other methods, because it enabled simultaneous dewatering with lipid extraction and no cell disruption was required. The trace metals of raw lipids indicated a purification demand in subsequent refining process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Oshita
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
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16
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Kim SH, Che CA, Jeong GT, Kim SK. The effect on single and combined stresses for biomass and lipid production from Nannochloris atomus using two phase culture system. J Biotechnol 2020; 326:40-47. [PMID: 33359212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The optimal conditions for high biomass and lipid production from Nannochloris atomus were evaluated. The parameters used in this study were light emitting diode (LED) wavelength mixing ratio, the photoperiod, salinity tolerance, and single and combined stresses. Biomass production was monitored in the first phase using red LED (625 nm), followed by lipid production by green LED (520 nm) in the second phase. The optimal conditions were obtained using a single red LED with light:dark durations of 20:4 h and two days of exposure in combined stresses of 1.06 M NaCl and green LED. Under these conditions, 68.6 % (w/w) lipid content were obtained. Compared to the non-stress control, the lipid content was increased by 31.9 %. Linolenic acid (C18:3) the omega-3 fatty acid was produced up to 52.4 % in 1.06 M NaCl as a single stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Kim
- School of Marine, Fisheries, and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Clovis Awah Che
- School of Marine, Fisheries, and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Taek Jeong
- School of Marine, Fisheries, and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Koo Kim
- School of Marine, Fisheries, and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Kothri M, Mavrommati M, Elazzazy AM, Baeshen MN, Moussa TAA, Aggelis G. Microbial sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the prospect of organic residues and wastes as growth media for PUFA-producing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5735438. [PMID: 32053204 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of non-fish sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is of great biotechnological importance. Although various oleaginous microalgae and fungi are able of accumulating storage lipids (single cell oils - SCOs) containing PUFAs, the industrial applications utilizing these organisms are rather limited due to the high-fermentation cost. However, combining SCO production with other biotechnological applications, including waste and by-product valorization, can overcome this difficulty. In the current review, we present the major sources of fungi (i.e. members of Mucoromycota, fungoid-like Thraustochytrids and genetically modified strains of Yarrowia lipolytica) and microalgae (e.g. Isochrysis, NannochloropsisandTetraselmis) that have come recently to the forefront due to their ability to produce PUFAs. Approaches adopted in order to increase PUFA productivity and the potential of using various residues, such as agro-industrial, food and aquaculture wastes as fermentation substrates for SCO production have been considered and discussed. We concluded that several organic residues can be utilized as feedstock in the SCO production increasing the competitiveness of oleaginous organisms against conventional PUFA producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kothri
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Mavrommati
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ahmed M Elazzazy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabi.,Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Baeshen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabi
| | - Tarek A A Moussa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabi.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - George Aggelis
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabi
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18
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Aburai N, Kunishima R, Iijima F, Fujii K. Effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on lipid production of the aerial microalga Coccomyxa sp. KGU-D001 under liquid- and aerial-phase conditions. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:274-282. [PMID: 32916185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Algal biofuels are a promising alternative to fossil fuels, but their widespread use is hindered by problems with mass production. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with specific light wavelengths could be used as an energy source for algal growth and lipid synthesis. In this study, the effects of light source on the biomass and lipid production of the aerial microalga Coccomyxa sp. KGU-D001 were evaluated using LEDs. The integration of two-phase cultures, including growth and lipid production under the stress of nitrate depletion, was assessed for efficient lipid production under liquid- or aerial-phase conditions. Different wavelengths of light (blue, green, and red) were tested under liquid- and aerial-phase conditions. Under aerial-phase culture, the fatty acid contents in biofilm reached 320 mg g DWC-1 with the red LEDs. In view of these findings, we describe a one-step culture method for growth and lipid accumulation in algal biofilm under aerial-phase culture with red LED irradiation. When Coccomyxa biofilm was cultured on wet cotton wool with BBM in a petri dish under the red LED, it was able to grow and accumulate lipids under the aerial-phase condition. Based on the results of this study, a potential method for a continuous biodiesel production system is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Aburai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
| | - Ryota Kunishima
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Fusako Iijima
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
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19
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da Fontoura Prates D, Duarte JH, Vendruscolo RG, Wagner R, Ballus CA, da Silva Oliveira W, Godoy HT, Barcia MT, de Morais MG, Radmann EM, Costa JAV. Role of light emitting diode (LED) wavelengths on increase of protein productivity and free amino acid profile of Spirulina sp. cultures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123184. [PMID: 32238318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
LEDs have specific wavelengths that can positively influence the production of microalga biomass and biomolecules of interest. Filling the gaps in the literature, this study evaluated the effect of different LED wavelengths and photoperiods on protein productivities and free amino acid (FAA) profile of Spirulina sp. LEB 18 cultures. The best protein productivity results were obtained in red and green LED cultures using integral and partial photoperiods, respectively. In these experiments, protein productivities increased 2 and 1.6 times, respectively, compared to the control culture using fluorescent light. Green LEDs in partial photoperiod provided also the highest concentrations of essential and non-essential FAA, about 1.8 and 2.3 times higher, respectively, than control cultures. LEDs showed to be a promising sustainable light source for increasing protein productivity and FAA concentration in Spirulina sp. LEB 18 cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise da Fontoura Prates
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Jessica Hartwig Duarte
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Augusto Ballus
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Helena Teixeira Godoy
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Milene Teixeira Barcia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Michele Greque de Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Elisângela Martha Radmann
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
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20
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Prasad A, Du L, Zubair M, Subedi S, Ullah A, Roopesh MS. Applications of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in Food Processing and Water Treatment. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7223679 DOI: 10.1007/s12393-020-09221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Light-emitting diode (LED) technology is an emerging nonthermal food processing technique that utilizes light energy with wavelengths ranging from 200 to 780 nm. Inactivation of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water by LED treatment has been studied extensively. LED technology has also shown antimicrobial efficacy in food systems. This review provides an overview of recent studies of LED decontamination of water and food. LEDs produce an antibacterial effect by photodynamic inactivation due to photosensitization of light absorbing compounds in the presence of oxygen and DNA damage; however, such inactivation is dependent on the wavelength of light energy used. Commercial applications of LED treatment include air ventilation systems in office spaces, curing, medical applications, water treatment, and algaculture. As low penetration depth and high-intensity usage can challenge optimal LED treatment, optimization studies are required to select the right light wavelength for the application and to standardize measurements of light energy dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Prasad
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Lihui Du
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Samir Subedi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - M. S. Roopesh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada
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21
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Ren HY, Dai YQ, Kong F, Xing D, Zhao L, Ren NQ, Ma J, Liu BF. Enhanced microalgal growth and lipid accumulation by addition of different nanoparticles under xenon lamp illumination. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122409. [PMID: 31740246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the growth and lipid accumulation of Scenedesmus sp. using different nanoparticles and light sources were investigated. Xenon lamp can produce a broad illumination spectrum, and exhibited better performance than light-emitting diode. SiC and g-C3N4 nanoparticles improved the biomass and lipid accumulation, whereas TiO2 and TiC nanoparticles had inhibitory influence on microalgae. Lipid production can be improved by oxidative stress produced by combination of nanoparticles and xenon lamp irradiation. At the optimal SiC nanoparticles concentration of 150 mg L-1 and photoperiod of 6:18 h, the maximum biomass concentration and total lipid content reached 3.18 g L-1 and 40.26%, respectively. The addition of SiC nanoparticles could promote the substrate utilization rate and induce stress condition, thereby enhancing the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and lipid biosynthesis. This research shows that SiC nanoparticles addition combined with xenon lamp illumination is a promising strategy to promote microalgal growth and lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ying-Qi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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22
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Che CA, Kim SH, Hong HJ, Kityo MK, Sunwoo IY, Jeong GT, Kim SK. Optimization of light intensity and photoperiod for Isochrysis galbana culture to improve the biomass and lipid production using 14-L photobioreactors with mixed light emitting diodes (LEDs) wavelength under two-phase culture system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121323. [PMID: 30981013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The optimal light intensity and photoperiod required to produce high biomass and lipid contents in Isochrysis galbana cultured in a 14-L bioreactor with LED wavelengths was studied. The cell biomass production was monitored in the first phase comprising of mixed blue (465 nm) and red (640 nm) LED wavelengths, then green (520 nm) LED were used in the second phase for lipid production. The optimal light intensity was 400 µmol/m2/s giving a maximum cell biomass of 1.05 g dcw/L and total lipid content of 65.2% (w/w) cultured under 12:12 h L/D cycle. The optimal light intensity of 400 µmol/m2/s was applied at different L/D cycles, the maximum cell biomass (1.25 g dcw/L) and lipid content (71.1% w/w) were obtained at 18:6 h L/D cycle. Stearic acid was the main fatty acid ranging from 42.91 (500 µmol/m2/s) to 65.57% w/w (100 µmol/m2/s) and 53.84 (18:6 h) to 65.44% w/w (24:0 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Awah Che
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jun Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Moses Katongole Kityo
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - In Yung Sunwoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Taek Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Koo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Qiu C, He Y, Huang Z, Li S, Huang J, Wang M, Chen B. Lipid extraction from wet Nannochloropsis biomass via enzyme-assisted three phase partitioning. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 284:381-390. [PMID: 30959375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A green and efficient enzyme assisted three phase partitioning (EA-TPP) process was firstly developed to extract microalgal lipids using wet Nannochloropsis sp. biomass. In the pretreatment of microalgal biomass by four hydrolytic enzymes, TPP obtained a higher TFAs lipid extraction efficiency by cellulase compared with the resting enzymes. After optimization by EA-TPP of the wet disrupted Nannochloropsis biomass (3 g), the maximum TFAs extraction yield (90.40%) was attained at 20% ammonium sulphate, 6-7 pH, 1:2 slurry/tert-butanol ratio and 70 °C for 2 h incubation time and two extraction cycles. Moreover, results also revealed that the lipidic species compositions of Nannochloropsis sp. biomass were greatly related with the EA-TPP parameters. In the laboratory scale for wet disrupted microalgae biomass, EA-TPP process achieved 88.70% TFAs extraction yield under the optimized conditions. In all, EA-TPP process could be a promising approach to extract microalgae lipids for food application using wet microalgae biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyang Qiu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yongjin He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zicheng Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Shaofeng Li
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Mingzi Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Bilian Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
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24
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Lipid and unsaturated fatty acid productions from three microalgae using nitrate and light-emitting diodes with complementary LED wavelength in a two-phase culture system. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1517-1526. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Wang X, Luo SW, Luo W, Yang WD, Liu JS, Li HY. Adaptive evolution of microalgal strains empowered by fulvic acid for enhanced polyunsaturated fatty acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 277:204-210. [PMID: 30630660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have emerged as the potential source for value-added products such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Metabolic engineering of multiple metabolic pathways has promoted eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production in microalgae, however, further improvement is warranted owing to the burgeoning demand. Here we improved the microalgal strains by adaptive evolution under hyposalinity treatment, which showed that 70% salinity potentiated the algae to enhance PUFAs. To exploit the maximal PUFA production potential of evolved strains, we subjected evolved algae to light, temperature and fulvic acid treatment. Amongst, fulvic acid (15 mg/L) enhanced growth and achieved the highest EPA content (13.9%) in the evolved diatom. Fulvic acid enhanced antioxidant potential and unprecedently governed the expression of PUFA and lipid biosynthetic genes. Collectively, this investigation demonstrates the efficacy of adaptive evolution empowered by fulvic acid and exemplifies a feasible strain improving strategy to harness the biotechnological potential of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shan-Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wanghaoyun Luo
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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