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Zhao W, Zhang Z, Wang X, Li L, Hu J, Tao Y, Du J, Lu J, Xu H, Wang H. Combined pretreatment of malic acid and kraft pulping for the production of fermentable sugars and highly active lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134619. [PMID: 39127272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The separation and utilization of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in lignocellulosic biorefineries present significant challenges. This study proposes a pretreatment method for biomass refining by combining acid and kraft pulping. Firstly, the biomass was pretreated by malic acid, resulting in the isolation of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with a yield of 86.26 % with optimized conditions of 180 °C, 1 wt% concentration, 40 min. Secondly, a mixture of 12.98 wt% NaOH and 1.043 wt% Na2S is employed to achieve lignin removal efficiency up to 63.42 %. Physical refinement techniques are then applied to enhance the enzyme digestion efficiency of cellulose, resulting in an increase from 55.03 % to 91.4 % for efficient cellulose conversion. The reacted samples exhibit a lignin composition rich in β-O-4 ether bonds, facilitating their high-value utilization. The results indicated that the combined pretreatment approach demonstrates high efficiency in separating cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin while obtaining XOS, highly active lignin, and enzyme-digested substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Zhao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Leping Li
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinwen Hu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Yehan Tao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Du
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Huanfei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China.
| | - Haisong Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Zhao B, Wang S, Dong Z, Cao S, Yuan A, Sha H, Chen N. Enhancing dark fermentative hydrogen production from wheat straw through synergistic effects of active electric fields and enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:130993. [PMID: 38889871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen, a clean and sustainable energy source, faces challenges from energy-intensive pre-processing technologies. This study explores the synergistic enhancement of active electric fields on enzymolysis of wheat straw and hydrogen production through dark fermentation. The active electric field enzymolysis system improved the adsorption capacity of wheat straw to cellulase, increasing cellulase activity by 18.0 %, causing a 39.1 % increase in reducing sugar content. In the active fermentation system, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 activity was enhanced in the first stage, increasing hydrogenase activity by 23.0 %, prolonging the first hydrogen production peak. Elevated reducing sugars were observed in the second stage, with Prevotella_9 and Bacteroides becoming the dominant hydrogen-producing bacteria in the third stage, leading to a second hydrogen production peak. Overall, cumulative hydrogen production was enhanced by 50.9 % compared to the control. The synergistic pretreatment with an active electric field and cellulase provides a novel approach for efficiently utilizing wheat straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China.
| | - Shi Wang
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Shengxian Cao
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Ankai Yuan
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Hao Sha
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Jilin Electric Power Co., Ltd Technology Development Company, Changchun 130015, China
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3
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Arfelis S, Martín-Perales AI, Nguyen R, Pérez A, Cherubin I, Len C, Malpartida I, Bala A, Fullana-I-Palmer P. Linking mechanochemistry with the green chemistry principles: Review article. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34655. [PMID: 39148985 PMCID: PMC11325060 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The need to explore contemporary alternatives for industrial production has driven the development of innovative techniques that address critical limitations linked to traditional batch mechanochemistry. One particularly promising strategy involves the integration of flow processes with mechanochemistry. Three noteworthy technologies in this domain are single-screw extrusion (SSE) and twin-screw extrusion (TSE) and Impact (Induction) in Continuous-flow Heated Mechanochemistry (ICHeM). These technologies go beyond the industrial production of polymers, extending to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the fabrication of (nano)materials, and the extraction of high-added value products through the valorisation of biomass and waste materials. In accordance with the principles of green chemistry, ball milling processes are generally considered greener compared to conventional solvothermal processes. In fact, ball milling processes require less solvent, enhance reaction rates and reaction conversion by increasing surface area and substituting thermal energy with mechanochemical energy, among others. Special attention will be given to the types of products, reactants, size of the milling balls and reaction conditions, selecting 60 articles after applying a screening methodology during the period 2020-2022. This paper aims to compile and analyze the cutting edge of research in utilizing mechanochemistry for green chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Arfelis
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana I Martín-Perales
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie C3, Universidad de Córdoba, Crta. Nnal IV-A, km 396, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Remy Nguyen
- Chimie ParisTech, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CNRS, PSL Research University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | | | - Igor Cherubin
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Polytechnique Montreal, Département de Génie Chimique, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christophe Len
- Chimie ParisTech, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CNRS, PSL Research University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
- Université de Technologie de Compiegne, CS 60319, Compiegne Cedex, 60203, France
| | - Irene Malpartida
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Av. de Cervantes 2, 29016, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alba Bala
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Fullana-I-Palmer
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang W, Xu X, Yuan Y, Wang Z. Sustainable application of rice-waste for fuels and valuable chemicals-a mini review. Front Chem 2023; 11:1225073. [PMID: 37927567 PMCID: PMC10620727 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1225073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global annual production of rice is over 750 million tons, and generates a huge amount of biomass waste, such as straw, husk, and bran, making rice waste an ideal feedstock for biomass conversion industries. This review focuses on the current progress in the transformation of rice waste into valuable products, including biochar, (liquid and gaseous) biofuels, valuable chemicals (sugars, furan derivatives, organic acids, and aromatic hydrocarbons), and carbon/silicon-based catalysts and catalyst supports. The challenges and future prospectives are highlighted to guide future studies in rice waste valorization for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Yuan
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zichun Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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5
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Xu LH, Ma CY, Wang PF, Xu Y, Shen XJ, Wen JL, Yuan TQ. Conversion of control and genetically-modified poplar into multi-scale products using integrated pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129415. [PMID: 37390929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a green and robust pretreatment which integrated acetic acid-catalyzed hydrothermal and wet mechanical pretreatment, was developed to efficiently produce high yield (up to 40.12%) of xylooligosaccharides and digestible substrates from Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase down-regulated and control poplar wood. Subsequently, superhigh yield (more than 95%) of glucose and residual lignin were obtained after a moderate enzymatic hydrolysis. The residual lignin fraction exhibited a well-preserved β-O-4 linkages (42.06/100Ar) and high S/G ratio (6.42). Subsequently, lignin-derived porous carbon was successfully synthesized, and it exhibited a high specific capacitance of 273.8F g-1 at 1.0 A/g and long cycling stability (remained 98.5% after 10,000 cycles at 5.0 A/g) as compared to control poplar wood, demonstrating that special advantage of this genetically-modified poplar in this integrated process. This work developed an energy-saving and eco-friendly pretreatment technology as a waste-free route for converting different lignocellulosic biomass to multiple products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hua Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Cheng-Ye Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jia-Long Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Tong-Qi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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6
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Lin T, Meng F, Zhang M, Liu Q. Effects of different low temperature pretreatments on properties of corn stover biochar for precursors of sulfonated solid acid catalysts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 357:127342. [PMID: 35605770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different pretreatment methods including phosphoric acid (PA), freeze drying (FD) and phosphoric acid-freeze drying combined (PA-FD) pretreatment on corn stover characteristics and pyrolysis of corn stover samples was investigated. The results demonstrated that the physiochemical properties of biochars varied significantly. In comparison, PA pretreatment could effectively remove a large portion of inorganics and improve the fuel characteristics. PA-CSB-600 had a greater HHV, lower O/C and H/C ratios, and a lower biochar energy yield (Ye), indicating the possibility for an attractive fuel source. PA-FD pretreatment would significantly affected cell volume and caused mechanical damage to corn stover structure. As a sulfonated solid acid catalyst precursor, the results of cellulose catalytic hydrolysis indicated that the density of -SO3H in FD-CSA was much higher than PA-FD-CSA, but lower surface special area. Specifically, PA-FD-CSB prepared at 600 °C resulted in the maximum increase of cellulose conversion by 34.7-81.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Lin
- Faculty of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fanbin Meng
- Faculty of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qingyu Liu
- Faculty of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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7
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Arce C, Kratky L. Mechanical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass toward enzymatic/fermentative valorization. iScience 2022; 25:104610. [PMID: 35789853 PMCID: PMC9250023 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) has the potential to replace fossil fuels, thanks to the concept of biorefinery. This material is formed mainly by cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. To maximize the valorization potential of this material, LCB needs to be pretreated. Milling is always performed before any other treatments. It does not produce chemical change and improves the efficiency of the upcoming processes. Additionally, it makes LCB easier to handle and increases bulk density and transfer phenomena of the next pretreatment step. However, this treatment is energy consuming, so it needs to be optimized. Several mills can be used, and the equipment selection depends on the characteristics of the material, the final size required, and the operational regime: continuous or batch. Among them, ball, knife, and hammer mills are the most used at the laboratory scale, especially before enzymatic or fermentative treatments. The continuous operational regime (knife and hammer mill) allows us to work with high volumes of raw material and can continuously reduce particle size, unlike the batch operating regime (ball mill). This review recollects the information about the application of these machines, the effect on particle size, and subsequent treatments. On the one hand, ball milling reduced particle size the most; on the other hand, hammer and knife milling consumed less energy. Furthermore, the latter reached a small final particle size (units of millimeters) suitable for valorization.
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Hajiali F, Jin T, Yang G, Santos M, Lam E, Moores A. Mechanochemical Transformations of Biomass into Functional Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102535. [PMID: 35137539 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is one of the promising alternatives to petroleum-derived materials and plays a major role in our fight against climate change by providing renewable sources of chemicals and materials. Owing to its chemical and structural complexity, the transformation of biomass into value-added products requires a profound understanding of its composition at different scales and innovative methods such as combining physical and chemical processes. In this context, the use of mechanochemistry in biomass valorization is currently growing owing to its potentials as an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approach. This review highlights the latest advances in the transformation of biomass (i. e., chitin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and starch) to functional materials using mechanochemical-assisted methods. We focused here on the methodology of biomass processing, influencing factors, and resulting properties with an emphasis on achieving functional materials rather than breaking down the biopolymer chains into smaller molecules. Opportunities and limitations associated this methodology were discussed accordingly for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Hajiali
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tony Jin
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Galen Yang
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Madison Santos
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 3480 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Edmond Lam
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0 C5, Canada
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9
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Liu X, Yan P, Xu Z, Zhang ZC. The effect of mix-milling with P 2O 5 on cellulose physicochemical properties responsible for increased glucose yield. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117652. [PMID: 33593540 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Breaking the recalcitrant structure of native crystalline cellulose is an energy demanding rate liming step in the production of glucose from cellulosic biomass. Mix-milling of lignocellulosic substrates (with P2O5) dramatically increased glucose yield. In this work, the changes of physicochemical characteristics (morphology, structure, degree of polymerization (DP), solubility) of cellulose during mix-milling (with P2O5) are correlated with glucose yield in the subsequent chemical hydrolysis process. The mix-milling enables highly efficient breakdown of cellulose I crystalline to smaller amorphous particles with low DP, which is recrystallized into cellulose II structure after water-wetting. As a result, the mix-milled cellulose (MMC) shows higher hydrolysis reactivity than that of single-milled cellulose (SMC). The results showed that small particle size, low DP, higher solubility and cellulose II content are correlated with the hydrolysis reactivity of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Peifang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Zhanwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Z Conrad Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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10
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Sun SC, Sun D, Cao XF. Effect of integrated treatment on enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of cocksfoot grass and the structural characteristics of co-produced hemicelluloses. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:88. [PMID: 33827662 PMCID: PMC8028065 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) with high biomass yield and rich cellulose can be used to produce bioethanol as fuel additive. In view of this, ultrasonic and hydrothermal pretreatments followed by successive alkali extractions were assembled into an integrated biorefinery process applied on cocksfoot grass to improve its enzymatic hydrolysis. In this work, the effects of ultrasonic and hydrothermal pretreatments followed by sequential alkali extractions on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cocksfoot grass were investigated. In addition, since large amount of hemicelluloses were released during the hydrothermal pretreatment and alkali extraction process, the yields, structural characteristics and differentials of water- and alkali-soluble hemicellulosic fractions isolated from different treatments were also comparatively explored. RESULTS The integrated treatment significantly removed amorphous hemicelluloses and lignin, resulting in increased crystallinity of the treated residues. A maximum saccharification rate of 95.1% was obtained from the cellulose-rich substrate after the integrated treatment. In addition, the considerable hemicelluloses (31.4% water-soluble hemicelluloses and 53.4% alkali-soluble hemicelluloses) were isolated during the integrated treatment. The released water-soluble hemicellulosic fractions were found to be more branched as compared with the alkali-soluble hemicellulosic fractions and all hemicellulosic fractions were mixed polysaccharides mainly composed of branched xylans and β-glucans. CONCLUSION The combination of ultrasonic and hydrothermal pretreatments followed by successive alkali extractions can dramatically increase the enzymatic saccharification rate of the substrates and produce considerable amounts of hemicelluloses. Detailed information about the enzymatic hydrolysis rates of the treated substrates and the structural characteristics of the co-produced hemicelluloses will help the synergistic utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose in cocksfoot grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chao Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Dan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xue-Fei Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
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11
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Di Fidio N, Ragaglini G, Dragoni F, Antonetti C, Raspolli Galletti AM. Integrated cascade biorefinery processes for the production of single cell oil by Lipomyces starkeyi from Arundo donax L. hydrolysates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124635. [PMID: 33461125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) is a promising source of carbohydrates that can be converted into single cell oil (SCO) by oleaginous yeasts. Microbial conversion of both hemicellulose and cellulose fractions represents the key step for increasing the economic sustainability for SCO production. Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70,296 was cultivated in two xylose-rich hydrolysates, obtained by the microwave-assisted hydrolysis of hemicellulose catalysed by FeCl3 or Amberlyst-70, and in two glucose-rich hydrolysates obtained by the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. L. starkeyi grew on both undetoxified and partially-detoxified hydrolysates, achieving the lipid content of 30 wt% and yield values in the range 15-24 wt%. For both integrated cascade processes the final production of about 8 g SCO from 100 g biomass was achieved. SCO production through integrated hydrolysis cascade processes represents a promising solution for the effective exploitation of lignocellulosic feedstock from perennial grasses towards new generation biodiesel and other valuable bio-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Fidio
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Ragaglini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Study, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federico Dragoni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Study, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Department of Technology Assessment and Substance Cycles, Potsdam-Bornim e.V. Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Antonetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Yan S, Wang C, Hu H, Gu W, Wang Q, Jiang L, Zhang Q. Mechanochemical Preparation of a H 3PO 4-Based Solid Catalyst for Heterogeneous Hydrolysis of Cellulose. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29971-29977. [PMID: 33251433 PMCID: PMC7689886 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose saccharification to produce glucose is considered as an important approach for application of biomass resources. Solid acids as catalysts for this purpose have attracted much attention with the advantages of environmental friendliness, easy separation of products, and recyclability. In this work, a new method was introduced to prepare a H3PO4-based solid acid catalyst by simply grinding with kaolinite. Characterizations of the prepared products based on a set of analytical methods as well as cellulose hydrolysis were investigated and optimized. Loading H3PO4 on kaolinite with a mass ratio of 20% was used as a high-stability green catalyst. Cellulose hydrolysis occurred on the prepared catalyst even at much mild conditions with a low temperature of 343 K, and a yield of glucose products at 6.85% was achieved at optimized conditions. A catalytic activity of 82% remained after three cycles of use. The possible hydrolysis of cellulose under very low temperature demonstrates a potential approach for promoting biomass conversion into useful materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yan
- School
of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School
of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- School
of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weijian Gu
- School
of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School
of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School
of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiwu Zhang
- School
of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang M, Cui H, Yi W, Song F, Zhao P, Sun X, Xie Y. Temperature-Responsive HCl-Releasing Catalysts for Cellulose Hydrolysis into Glucose. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Pan H, Shen S, Li T, Wen X, Ma X, Zhou Z, Li J, Wang C, Wu B, Jing S. A simple strategy for the preparation of chlorine functionalized coal-based solid acid with rich carboxyl to improve the activity for hydrolysis of cellulose. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Li S, Jiang H, Zhang J, Zhang AS, Zhao YD, Zhao X, Zhao ZP. Fabrication of porous polysulfone microsphere covalently grafted with ionic liquid as catalyst and its catalytic hydrolysis kinetics of inulin. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Sun D, Sun SC, Wang B, Sun SF, Shi Q, Zheng L, Wang SF, Liu SJ, Li MF, Cao XF, Sun SN, Sun RC. Effect of various pretreatments on improving cellulose enzymatic digestibility of tobacco stalk and the structural features of co-produced hemicelluloses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122471. [PMID: 31787511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hereon, tobacco stalk was deconstructed by lyophilization, ball-milling, ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction, hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP), and alkali presoaking, respectively, followed by dilute alkali cooking to both improve its enzymatic digestibility and isolate the hemicellulosic streams. It was found that a maximum cellulose saccharification rate of 93.5% was achieved from the integrated substrate by ball-milling and dilute alkali cooking, which was 4.4-fold higher than that from the raw material. Interestingly, in this case, 76.9% of hemicelluloses were simultaneously recovered during the integrated treatment. Structural determination indicated that the hemicelluloses released from tobacco stalk by dilute alkali cooking were mixed polysaccharides, and the (1 → 4)-linked β-D-Xylp backbone branched with L-Araf units at O-2/O-3 and 4-O-Me-α-D-GlcpA units at O-2 of the xylose residues was the main structure. In comparison, ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction, ball-milling, and HTP favored the extraction of hemicelluloses with less branched structure and lower molecular weights in the following alkali cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shao-Chao Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shao-Fei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilisation in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Quentin Shi
- Shanghai Dssun New Material Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Shanghai Dssun New Material Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shuang-Fei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Shi-Jie Liu
- College of Light Science and Engineer, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Ming-Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xue-Fei Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shao-Ni Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Center for Lignocellulose Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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17
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18
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Liu Z, Liu Z. Comparison of hydrochar- and pyrochar-based solid acid catalysts from cornstalk: Physiochemical properties, catalytic activity and deactivation behavior. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122477. [PMID: 31812594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar made from biowaste provides renewable carbon precursors for catalysts preparation. Here, solid acid catalysts were prepared through functionalizing biochars produced via hydrothermal and pyrolytic carbonization of cornstalk with -SO3H groups. Hydrochar-based catalysts (HAC) and pyrochar-based catalysts (PAC) exhibited significantly different physiochemical properties, catalytic activities and deactivation behaviors. The test of catalytic effects on cellulose degradation uncovered that HAC had a higher density of -SO3H but lower surface special area than PAC. Specifically, PAC prepared at 400 °C resulted in the maximum increase of cellulose conversion by 16.00-50.50%. In comparison, the highest yields of glucose (11.14%) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (29.54%) were achieved catalyzed via HAC prepared at 240 °C. The results of catalyst deactivation behavior further revealed that used catalysts had an obvious reduction of -SO3H density. Interestingly, used HAC-240 catalysts showed similar patterns of weight loss to fresh ones due to its high stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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19
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Multi-Step Exploitation of Raw Arundo donax L. for the Selective Synthesis of Second-Generation Sugars by Chemical and Biological Route. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass represents one of the most important feedstocks for future biorefineries, being a precursor of valuable bio-products, obtainable through both chemical and biological conversion routes. Lignocellulosic biomass has a complex matrix, which requires the careful development of multi-step approaches for its complete exploitation to value-added compounds. Based on this perspective, the present work focuses on the valorization of hemicellulose and cellulose fractionsof giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to give second-generation sugars, minimizing the formation of reaction by-products. The conversion of hemicellulose to xylose was undertaken in the presence of the heterogeneous acid catalyst Amberlyst-70 under microwave irradiation. The effect of the main reaction parameters, such as temperature, reaction time, catalyst, and biomass loadings on sugars yield was studied, developing a high gravity approach. Under the optimised reaction conditions (17 wt% Arundo donax L. loading, 160 °C, Amberlyst-70/Arundo donax L. weight ratio 0.2 wt/wt), the xylose yield was 96.3 mol%. In the second step, the cellulose-rich solid residue was exploited through the chemical or enzymatic route, obtaining glucose yields of 32.5 and 56.2 mol%, respectively. This work proves the efficiency of this innovative combination of chemical and biological catalytic approaches, for the selective conversion of hemicellulose and cellulose fractions of Arundo donax L. to versatile platform products.
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20
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Liu X, Shen F, Smith RL, Qi X. Black liquor-derived calcium-activated biochar for recovery of phosphate from aqueous solutions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122198. [PMID: 31574367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Black liquor-derived calcium-activated biochars (Ca-biochar) were synthesized by treating rice straw with Ca(OH)2 to create an adsorbent that was effective for removing phosphate from aqueous waste streams. The Ca(OH)2 acts to separate lignin from the biomass, create pores in the biochar solids and form active adsorption sites. The Ca-biochar adsorbent was efficient for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions (pH 1.0 to pH 13.0) with a highest phosphate adsorption capacity of 197 mg/g. Phosphate adsorption was correlated with pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model with primary mechanisms being attributed to chemical precipitation and ligand exchange. Application of the Ca-biochar (0.2 g/L) to actual wastewater from a cattle farm (phosphorus content 3.78 mg/L) reduced the phosphorus content to 0.021 mg/L. This work utilizes waste black liquor to prepare functionalized biochar materials, providing a promising approach for black liquor reuse and phosphate removal and recovery from phosphorus-rich waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Richard L Smith
- Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Xinhua Qi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38, Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
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21
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Zhang Y, Zhao M, Wang H, Hu H, Liu R, Huang Z, Chen C, Chen D, Feng Z. Damaged starch derived carbon foam-supported heteropolyacid for catalytic conversion of cellulose: Improved catalytic performance and efficient reusability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121532. [PMID: 31146077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To develop an efficient heterogeneous catalyst with good stability and reusability for catalytic conversion of cellulose to platform compounds, carbon foam (CF) was used to immobilize phosphotungstic acid (HPW) to prepare CF-supported HPW (HPW/CF) catalyst. Three-dimensional CF was prepared by carbonization of bread (precursor of CF) with mechanical activation (MA)-damaged starch, gluten protein, and yeast as materials. CF30 (30 wt% of gluten protein) exhibited good mechanical strength, relatively high specific surface area, and desired hierarchical porous structure. HPW was successfully anchored onto CF30 by grafting to prepare HPW/CF30 catalyst, which could effectively catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose to produce glucose, especially for the hydrolysis of MA-pretreated cellulose with small granules and amorphous structure. The affinity between free hydroxyl groups of MA-pretreated cellulose and oxygen-containing groups of CF30 enhanced the catalytic efficiency of HPW/CF30. In addition, HPW/CF30 catalyst exhibited good reusability and was easily separated from reaction system for recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huayu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zuqiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Congjin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Zhenfei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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22
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Chen J, Yu Y, Han J, Guo Y, Yang Z, Shang Q, Liu C. Mechanochemical esterification of waste mulberry wood by wet Ball-milling with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121354. [PMID: 31004953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Esterification of lignocellulosic biomass driven by dry ball-milling suffered from agglomeration of lignocellulosic matters during milling process. In this study, esterification of waste mulberry wood (MW) was carried out by wet ball-milling with water and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) to prepare all-wood-plastic composites. Under the same condition, the esterification of MW by wet ball-milling with TBAF presented higher efficiency than that without TBAF which was attributed to catalytic function of F- ions meanwhile the binding of TBA+ to cellulose fibrils hindered the compaction of fibrillated fragments. Pre-ball-milling of MW for 4.0 h apparently promoted the esterification with succinic anhydride. All-wood-plastic composites prepared after 7.0 h succinoylation demonstrated prominent mechanical performance due to strong adhesion of fragments and matrix. This study is supposed to provide an environment-friendly method for efficient conversion of waste lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Jiangang Han
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Shang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Chengguo Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
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