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Lee SY, Lee JS, Sim SJ. Enhancement of microalgal biomass productivity through mixotrophic culture process utilizing waste soy sauce and industrial flue gas. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128719. [PMID: 36773814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants are indispensable facilities, which emit a massive amount of greenhouse gases. To boost CO2 mitigation and wastewater treatment performance, mixotrophic microalgae cultivation using wastewater has recently been proposed. In this study, food industry wastewater (waste soy sauce) was applied to Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 2714 cultivation. By using a medium with 20% (v/v) of 10-fold diluted soy sauce, the biomass and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) productivity enhanced by 1.93 and 1.76 times, respectively. Biomass productivity increased up to 5.2 times when using medium with high soy sauce content under high-intensity light that inhibits cell growth in photoautotrophic environments. Furthermore, industrial flue gas treatment with wastewater was demonstrated by outdoor semi-continuous cultivation with 42% improved biomass production. Consequently, these results suggest that mixotrophic microalgal cultivation has great potential to address both climate change and water pollution while producing valuable products and can contribute to building a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seop Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Calatrava V, Tejada-Jimenez M, Sanz-Luque E, Fernandez E, Galvan A, Llamas A. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a Reference Organism to Study Algal-Microbial Interactions: Why Can't They Be Friends? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040788. [PMID: 36840135 PMCID: PMC9965935 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The stability and harmony of ecological niches rely on intricate interactions between their members. During evolution, organisms have developed the ability to thrive in different environments, taking advantage of each other. Among these organisms, microalgae are a highly diverse and widely distributed group of major primary producers whose interactions with other organisms play essential roles in their habitats. Understanding the basis of these interactions is crucial to control and exploit these communities for ecological and biotechnological applications. The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a well-established model, is emerging as a model organism for studying a wide variety of microbial interactions with ecological and economic significance. In this review, we unite and discuss current knowledge that points to C. reinhardtii as a model organism for studying microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Calatrava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manuel Tejada-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galvan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angel Llamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-218352
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3
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Gong G, Wu B, Liu L, Li J, He M, Hu G. Enhanced biomass and lipid production by light exposure with mixed culture of Rhodotorula glutinis and Chlorella vulgaris using acetate as sole carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128139. [PMID: 36252765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biomass and lipid production with mixed-culture of Rhodotorula glutinis and Chlorella vulgaris using acetate as sole carbon source was investigated. Synergistic effect of mixed-culture using 20 g/L acetate significantly promoted cell growth and acetate utilization efficiency. Increasing the proportion of algae in co-culture was beneficial for biomass and lipid accumulation and the optimal ratio of yeast/algae was 1:2. Light exposure further enhanced biomass and lipid titer with 6.9 g/L biomass and 2.6 g/L lipid (38.3 % lipid content) obtained in a 5L bioreactor. The results of lipid classes and fatty acid profiles moreover indicated that more neutral lipids and linolenic acid were synthesized in mixed-culture under light exposure condition, suggesting the great potential in applications of biofuels production. This study provided new insight and strategy for economical microbial biomass and lipid production by light-exposed mixed-culture using inexpensive acetate as carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Gong
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Bo Wu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Linpei Liu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jianting Li
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Mingxiong He
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Guoquan Hu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Towards the Development of Microbial Ecotoxicology Testing Using Chlorpyrifos Contaminated Sediments and Marine Yeast Isolates as a Model. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102019. [PMID: 36296295 PMCID: PMC9611469 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP), a widely used pesticide, and its metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCP), are xenobiotic compounds detected in many biomes, notably in marine sediments, all over the world. These compounds are posing a serious environmental and health problem given their toxicity to wildlife and possible exposure effects to human neurodevelopment. Microorganisms at CP-impacted environments could harbor metabolic capabilities that can be used as indicators of the biological effects of the contaminant and could encode selected functions reactive against contaminants. Those features could be used for microbial ecotoxicology applications by collectively using analytical, enzymatic, microbiological and toxicological techniques in order to assess the biological effects of pollutants and other environmental/climatic stressors in ecosystems. The objective of this study was to assess the variability in the metabolic responses of yeast isolates from CP-contaminated marine sediments as potential biological indicators for microbial ecotoxicology testing. Sediment samples from a South Caribbean tropical shore (Cartagena Bay, Colombia) were collected, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was recovered from lyophilized aliquots. The DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) technique targeting fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) showed the great diversity of fungal types. Simultaneously, yeast strains were isolated from the freshly collected sediment samples. Physiological characterization including API 20C and antibiosis tests, growth patterns at salt concentrations (2/4/10/25%), temperatures (4/25/37/45 °C), esterase activity assay and resistance tests to CP/TCP toxicity resulted in 10 isolated yeast strains, identified as Candida spp. (6), Cryptococcus spp. (3). and Rhodotorula spp. (1), showing promising characteristics to be used as a test for yeast-based ecotoxicity indicators. The patterns of carbohydrate assimilation, low antibiosis, presence of esterases/lipases, growth in a wide range of temperatures and salt concentrations, and tolerance to minimal inhibitory concentrations of CP and TCP are factors useful for testing environmental samples.
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Gao H, Manishimwe C, Yang L, Wang H, Jiang Y, Jiang W, Zhang W, Xin F, Jiang M. Applications of synthetic light-driven microbial consortia for biochemicals production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:126954. [PMID: 35288267 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic microbial consortia provide a versatile and efficient platform for biochemicals production through the labor division. Especially, microbial communities composed of phototrophs and heterotrophs offer a promising alternative, as they can directly convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into chemicals. Within this system, photoautotrophic microbes can convert CO2 into organic carbon for microbial growth and metabolites synthesis by the heterotrophic partners. In return, heterotrophs can provide additional CO2 to support the growth of photoautotrophic microbes. However, the unmatched growing conditions, low stability and production efficiency of synthetic microbial consortia hinder their further applications. Thus, design and construction of mutualistic and stable synthetic light-driven microbial consortia are urgently needed. In this review, the progress of synthetic light-driven microbial consortia for chemicals production was comprehensively summarized. In addition, space-efficient synthetic light-driven microbial consortia in hydrogel system were reviewed. Perspectives on orderly distribution of light-driven microbial consortia associated with 3D printing technology in biomanufacturing were also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Clarisse Manishimwe
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wankui Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
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Sundaramahalingam MA, Sivashanmugam P, Rajeshbanu J, Ashokkumar M. A review on contemporary approaches in enhancing the innate lipid content of yeast cell. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133616. [PMID: 35033523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For the past few decades, industrialization has made a huge environmental hazard to the world with its waste. The approach of waste to wealth in the recent era has made many Eco-economical suggestions for the industries. The valuable products in biorefinery aspects of the eco-economical suggestions include; energy products, high-value drugs and novel materials. Bio-lipids are found to be the major influencing eco-economical products in the process. Production of bio-lipid from microbial sources has paved the way for future research on lipid-bioproducts. The yeast cell is a unique organism with a large unicellular structure capable of accumulating a high amount of lipids. It constitutes 90% of neutral lipids. Various strategies enhance the lipid profile of yeast cells: usage of oleaginous yeast, usage of low cost (or) alternative substrates, developing stress conditions in the growth medium, using genetically modified yeast, altering metabolic pathways of yeast and by using the symbiotic cultures of yeast with other microbes. The metabolic alterations of lipid pathways such as lipid biosynthesis, lipid elongation, lipid accumulation and lipid degradation have been a striking feature of research in lipid-based microbial work. The lipid-bioproducts have also made a strong footprint in the history of alternative energy products. It includes partial acyl glycerol, oleochemicals, phospholipids and biofuels. This report comprises the recent approaches carried out in the yeast cell for enhancing its lipid content. The limitations, challenges and future scope of individual strategies were also highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sundaramahalingam
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sivashanmugam
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - J Rajeshbanu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Zhang L, Lee JTE, Ok YS, Dai Y, Tong YW. Enhancing microbial lipids yield for biodiesel production by oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi fermentation: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126294. [PMID: 34748983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced production of microbial lipids suitable for manufacturing biodiesel from oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is critically reviewed. Recent advances in several aspects involving the biosynthetic pathways of lipids, current conversion efficiencies using various carbon sources, intensification strategies for improving lipid yield and productivity in L. starkeyi fermentation, and lipid extraction approaches are analyzed from about 100 papers for the past decade. Key findings on strategies are summarized, including (1) optimization of parameters, (2) cascading two-stage systems, (3) metabolic engineering strategies, (4) mutagenesis followed by selection, and (5) co-cultivation of yeast and algae. The current technical limitations are analyzed. Research suggestions like examination of more gene targets via metabolic engineering are proposed. This is the first comprehensive review on the latest technical advances in strategies from the perspective of process and metabolic engineering to further increase the lipid yield and productivity from L. starkeyi fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jonathan T E Lee
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanjun Dai
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai China
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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Xie Z, Lin W, Luo J. Co-cultivation of microalga and xylanolytic bacterium by a continuous two-step strategy to enhance algal lipid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124953. [PMID: 33725519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To enhance microalgal lipid production, canonical two-step cultivation strategy that by transferring the microalgal cells grown in nutrient-replete medium to nutrient-depleted medium is widely used. However, the harvesting step during the transfer raises the production cost. To avoid the harvesting step, this study developed a continuous two-step (CTS) cultivation strategy. In the strategy, Chlorella sacchrarophila was grown in bioreactor while a xylanolytic bacterium Cellvibrio pealriver grown in an inner bag that embedded in the bioreactor; after the first-step co-cultivation, the inner bag is removed which then start the second-step cultivation of C. sacchrarophila. Based on the strategy, the lipid production was determined as 825.34-929.79 mg·L-1, which were 1.7-1.9 times higher than that of cultivation in canonical two-step strategy using glucose as feedstock. During the CTS strategy, the co-cultivation using xylan as feedstock promotes the microalgal growth and the removal of inner bag produces nutrient-depleted condition for enhancing microalgal lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangzhang Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Science, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Weitie Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jianfei Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Biorefinery-Based Approach to Exploit Mixed Cultures of Lipomyces starkeyi and Chloroidium saccharophilum for Single Cell Oil Production. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14051340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mutualistic interactions between the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi and the green microalga Chloroidium saccharophilum in mixed cultures were investigated to exploit possible synergistic effects. In fact, microalga could act as an oxygen generator for the yeast, while the yeast could provide carbon dioxide to microalga. The behavior of the two microorganisms alone and in mixed culture was studied in two synthetic media (YEG and BBM + G) before moving on to a real model represented by the hydrolysate of Arundo donax, used as low-cost feedstock, and previously subjected to steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis. The overall lipid content and lipid productivity obtained in the mixed culture of YEG, BBM + G and for the hydrolysate of Arundo donax were equal to 0.064, 0.064 and 0.081 glipid·gbiomass−1 and 30.14, 35.56 and 37.22 mglipid·L−1·day−1, respectively. The mixed cultures, in all cases, proved to be the most performing compared to the individual ones. In addition, this study provided new input for the integration of Single Cell Oil (SCO) production with agro-industrial feedstock, and the fatty acid distribution mainly consisting of stearic (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) allows promising applications in biofuels, cosmetics, food additives and other products of industrial interest.
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Carbone DA, Olivieri G, Pollio A, Melkonian M. Comparison of Galdieria growth and photosynthetic activity in different culture systems. AMB Express 2020; 10:170. [PMID: 32955638 PMCID: PMC7505917 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the acidothermophilic red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria has been increasingly studied for industrial applications such as wastewater treatment, recovery of rare earth elements, production of phycobilins. However, even now it is not possible an industrial cultivation of this organism because biotechnological research on G. sulphuraria and allied species is relatively recent and fragmented. Having in mind a possible scale-up for commercial applications, we have compared the growth and photosynthetic performance of G. sulphuraria in four suspended systems (Inclined bubble column, Decanter Laboratory Flask, Tubular Bioreactor, Ultra-flat plate bioreactor) and one immobilized system (Twin Layer Sytem). The results showed that G. sulphuraria had the highest growth, productivity and photosynthetic performance, when grown on the immobilized system, which also offers some economics advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Allegra Carbone
- Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Stazione Zoologica ''A. Dohrn'' of Napoli, Villa Comunale, Napoli, I80121, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Olivieri
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80125, Napoli, Italia
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 26, 80126, Napoli, Italia
| | - Michael Melkonian
- Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
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Cea Barcia GE, Imperial Cervantes RA, Torres Zuniga I, Van Den Hende S. Converting tequila vinasse diluted with tequila process water into microalgae-yeast flocs and dischargeable effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122644. [PMID: 31887582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During tequila production from agave, wastewaters are produced, such as dark-colored vinasse. To add value to this vinasse, microalgae-yeast biomass was produced on vinasse diluted with tequila process water (first rinsing water of agave syrup production). In batch experiments, a vinasse concentration of 10 %v/v resulted in the highest biomass productivity, pH and microalgae growth compared to 20 and 30 %v/v. To ease harvesting, microalgae-yeast flocs (MaY-flocs) were developed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). A MaY-floc SBR was run with diluted vinasse (10 %v/v) enriched to 76 mg N-TA L-1, resulting in a doubled biomass productivity (49.5 ± 8.3 mg VSS L-1 day-1) of MaY-flocs compared to the best batch reactor performance. Based on response surface experiments, enrichment to 150 mg N-TA L-1 and 5.9 %v/v vinasse are recommended. The MaY-floc SBR system is a promising, novel technology to treat tequila wastewaters while producing settleable MaY-floc biomass of interest to aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Edith Cea Barcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Ex Hacienda el Copal Km 9 Carretera Irapuato-Silao CP 36500, Irapuato, Mexico.
| | - Rocio Alejandra Imperial Cervantes
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Ex Hacienda el Copal Km 9 Carretera Irapuato-Silao CP 36500, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Ixbalank Torres Zuniga
- C. A. Telemática, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, División de Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Carretera Salamanca - Valle de Santiago Km 3.5+1.8 CP 36000, Salamanca, Mexico
| | - Sofie Van Den Hende
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Polytechnic University of the Coast, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador; Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Polytechnic University of the Coast, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Carbone DA, Olivieri G, Pollio A, Melkonian M. Biomass and phycobiliprotein production of Galdieria sulphuraria, immobilized on a twin-layer porous substrate photobioreactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3109-3119. [PMID: 32060692 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The extremophile red alga Galdieria sulphuraria was successfully grown immobilized in a twin-layer porous substrate bioreactor (TL-PSBR). A maximal biomass growth rate of 10 g dry weight m-2 day-1 was measured at a photon fluence rate of 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1 with addition of 1% CO2 and a temperature of 34 °C. Under these conditions, a maximal biomass value of 232 g m-2 was attained after 33 days of growth. Phycobilin productivity, however, was highest at a lower photon fluence rate of 100 μmol photons m-2 s-1 and reached a phycobilin value of 14 g m-2, a phycobilin content in the biomass of 63 mg g-1 and a phycobilin growth rate of 0.28 g m-2 day-1 for phycocyanin and 0.23 g m-2 day-1 for allophycocyanin. Addition of CO2 was essential to enhance growth and phycobilin production in G. sulphuraria and further optimization of the cultivation process in the TL-PSBR appears possible using a multi-phase approach, higher growth temperatures and optimization of nutrient supply. It is concluded that autotrophic cultivation of G. sulphuraria in a TL-PSBR is an attractive alternative to suspension cultivation for phycobilin production and applications in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Allegra Carbone
- Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Stazione Zoologica "A. Dohrn", Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Olivieri
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80,, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 26,, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Melkonian
- Botanisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, 50674, Koln, Germany.,Campus Essen, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen,, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
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Llamas M, Magdalena JA, González-Fernández C, Tomás-Pejó E. Volatile fatty acids as novel building blocks for oil-based chemistry via oleaginous yeast fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:238-250. [PMID: 31544974 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial oils are proposed as a suitable alternative to petroleum-based chemistry in terms of environmental preservation. These oils have traditionally been studied using sugar-based feedstock, which implies high costs, substrate limitation, and high contamination risks. In this sense, low-cost carbon sources such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are envisaged as promising building blocks for lipid biosynthesis to produce oil-based bioproducts. VFAs can be generated from a wide variety of organic wastes through anaerobic digestion and further converted into lipids by oleaginous yeasts (OYs) in a fermentation process. These microorganisms can accumulate in the form of lipid bodies, lipids of up to 60% wt/wt of their biomass. In this context, OY is a promising biotechnological tool for biofuel and bioproduct generation using low-cost VFA media as substrates. This review covers recent advances in microbial oil production from VFAs. Production of VFAs via anaerobic digestion processes and the involved metabolic pathways are reviewed. The main challenges as well as recent approaches for lipid overproduction are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Llamas
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | | | - Elia Tomás-Pejó
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Móstoles, Spain
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