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Lu T, Su K, Ma G, Jia C, Li J, Zhao Q, Song M, Xu C, Song X. The growth and nutrient removal properties of heterotrophic microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana in simulated wastewater containing volatile fatty acids. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142270. [PMID: 38719126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
To reduce the high cost of organic carbon sources in waste resource utilization in the cultivation of microalgae, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) derived from activated sludge were used as the sole carbon source to culture Chlorella sorokiniana under the heterotrophic cultivation. The addition of VFAs in the heterotrophic condition enhanced the total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) removal of C. sorokiniana, which proved the advantageous microalgae in using VFAs in the heterotrophic culture after screening in the previous study. To discover the possible mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption in heterotrophic conditions by microalgae, the effect of different ratios of VFAs (acetic acid (AA): propionic acid (PA): butyric acid (BA)) on the nutrient removal and growth properties of C. sorokiniana was studied. In the 8:1:1 group, the highest efficiency (77.19%) of VFAs assimilation, the highest biomass (0.80 g L-1) and lipid content (31.35%) were achieved, with the highest TN and TP removal efficiencies of 97.44 % and 91.02 %, respectively. Moreover, an aerobic denitrifying bacterium, Pseudomonas, was determined to be the dominant genus under this heterotrophic condition. This suggested that besides nitrate uptake and utilization by C. sorokiniana under the heterotrophy, the conduct of the denitrification process was also the main reason for obtaining high nitrogen removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Lu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Kunyang Su
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China; Shandong Society for Environmental Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Guangxiang Ma
- Shandong Society for Environmental Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Cong Jia
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Mingming Song
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China.
| | - Chongqing Xu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China; Ecology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250013, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Song
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
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Alexandri M, Hübner D, Schneider R, Fröhling A, Venus J. Towards efficient production of highly optically pure d-lactic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysates using newly isolated lactic acid bacteria. N Biotechnol 2022; 72:1-10. [PMID: 35981701 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the production of D-lactic acid with high enantiomeric purity using lignocellulosic hydrolysates from newly isolated lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains. Six strains, 4 heterofermentative and 2 homofermentative, were investigated for their ability to grow and produce lactic acid on sugar beet pulp (SBP) hydrolysates, containing a mixture of hexose and pentose sugars. Among the strains tested, three were isolates designated as A250, A257 and A15, all of which belonged to the genus Leuconostoc. Only strain A250 could be reliably identified as Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides based on cluster analysis of Maldi-ToF spectra. All strains produced D-lactic acid in the presence of SBP hydrolysates, but with varying optical purities. The homofermentative strains achieved higher D-lactic acid optical purities, but without assimilating the pentose sugars. Co-cultivation of the homofermentative strain Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens DSM 20005 together with the heterofermentative isolate A250 led to the production of 21.7 g/L D-lactic acid with 99.3 % optical purity. This strategy enabled the complete sugar utilization of the substrate. Nanofiltration of the SBP hydrolysate enhanced the enantiomeric purity of the D-lactic acid produced from the isolates A250 and A15 by about 5 %. The highest D-lactic acid concentration (40 g/L) was achieved in fed-batch cultures of A250 isolate with nanofiltered SBP, where optical purity was 99.4 %. The results of this study underline the feasibility of a novel isolate as an efficient D-lactic acid producer using lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alexandri
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioecomomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany; Ionian University, Department of Food Science and Technology, Argostoli 28100, Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Dennis Hübner
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioecomomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roland Schneider
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioecomomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antje Fröhling
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioecomomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Venus
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioecomomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany.
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3
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From manure to high-value fertilizer: The employment of microalgae as a nutrient carrier for sustainable agriculture. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Park WK, Min K, Yun JH, Kim M, Kim MS, Park GW, Lee SY, Lee S, Lee J, Lee JP, Moon M, Lee JS. Paradigm shift in algal biomass refinery and its challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126358. [PMID: 34800638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been studied and tested for over 70 years. However, biodiesel, the prime target of the algal industry, has suffered from low competitiveness and current steps toward banning the internal combustion engine all over the world. Meanwhile, interest in reducing CO2 emissions has grown as the world has witnessed disasters caused by global warming. In this situation, in order to maximize the benefits of the microalgal industry and surmount current limitations, new breakthroughs are being sought. First, drop-in fuel, mandatory for the aviation and maritime industries, has been discussed as a new product. Second, methods to secure stable and feasible outdoor cultivation focusing on CO2 sequestration were investigated. Lastly, the need for an integrated refinery process to simultaneously produce multiple products has been discussed. While the merits of microalgae industry remain valid, further investigations into these new frontiers would put algal industry at the core of future bio-based economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kun Park
- Department of Chemistry & Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungseon Min
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Yun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Energy Resources Upcycling Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwon Woo Park
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Pyo Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghoon Moon
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
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5
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Mubashar M, Ahmad Z, Li C, Zhang H, Xu C, Wang G, Qiu D, Song L, Zhang X. Carbon-negative and high-rate nutrient removal using mixotrophic microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125731. [PMID: 34426243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mixotrophic microalgae have demonstrated great potential for wastewater nutrient removal. How autotrophy/heterotrophy shares affect nutrient removal as well as carbon budget has not been understood. In this study, the autotrophy/heterotrophy shares in mixotrophy were quantified, and N removal rate and carbon budget under different mixotrophic autotrophy/heterotrophy shares were modeled. The results showed that mixotrophic N removal rate reached 2.09 mg L-1h-1, which was 53.18% and 37.98% higher than removal rates in autotrophic (0.97 mg L-1h-1) and heterotrophic (1.25 mg L-1h-1) controls. Mixotrophic-autotrophy and mixotrophic-heterotrophy contributed 1.15 mg L-1h-1 and 0.94 mg L-1h-1 in N removal, respectively. Model disclosed that at balanced share of 6:4, more than 2 mg L-1h-1N removal could be achieved, similar to bacterial nitrogen removal rate but with a negative carbon budget of 6.21 mg L-1h-1. Nutrient removal using mixotrophic microalgae would lead to carbon negative sustainable wastewater treatment and resource recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mubashar
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gaohong Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dongru Qiu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lirong Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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6
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Valorization of sugar beet pulp through biotechnological approaches: recent developments. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1253-1263. [PMID: 33978884 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a valuable by-product of the sugar beet industry and is predominantly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. It is commonly used as livestock feed because of its palatability, good energy levels, and highly digestible fibers such as pectins and glucans. However, the utilization of SBP for the production of value-added products via biotechnological approaches is gaining significance in recent years owing to its potential as a cost-effective nutrient source and technological advancements in its processing. SBP can be used as a substrate for bio-production of microbial enzymes, single cell protein, alcohols (e.g., ethanol), methane/biogas, hydrogen, lactic acid, ferulic acid, and pectic oligosaccharides. SBP can also be used as a carrier for cell immobilization in fermentation processes. This review focused on recent developments in biotechnological valorization of SBP.
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Patel A, Mahboubi A, Horváth IS, Taherzadeh MJ, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) Generated by Anaerobic Digestion Serve as Feedstock for Freshwater and Marine Oleaginous Microorganisms to Produce Biodiesel and Added-Value Compounds. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:614612. [PMID: 33584617 PMCID: PMC7876238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given an increasing focus on environmental sustainability, microbial oils have been suggested as an alternative to petroleum-based products. However, microbial oil production relies on the use of costly sugar-based feedstocks. Substrate limitation, elevated costs, and risk of contamination have sparked the search for alternatives to sugar-based platforms. Volatile fatty acids are generated during anaerobic digestion of organic waste and are considered a promising substrate for microbial oil production. In the present study, two freshwater and one marine microalga along with two thraustochytrids were evaluated for their potential to produce lipids when cultivated on volatile fatty acids generated from food waste via anaerobic digestion using a membrane bioreactor. Freshwater microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Chlorella sorokiniana synthesized lipids rich in palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2). This composition corresponds to that of soybean and jatropha oils, which are used as biodiesel feedstock. Production of added-value polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) mainly omega-3 fatty acids was examined in three different marine strains: Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, Schizochytrium limacinum SR21, and Crypthecodinium cohnii. Only Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 seemed promising, generating 43.19% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.56% docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in total lipids. In summary, we show that A. protothecoides, C. sorokiniana, and Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 can be used for microbial oil production from food waste material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Amir Mahboubi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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8
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Patel A, Sarkar O, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Valorization of volatile fatty acids derived from low-cost organic waste for lipogenesis in oleaginous microorganisms-A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124457. [PMID: 33316701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To meet environmental sustainability goals, microbial oils have been suggested as an alternative to petroleum-based products. At present, microbial fermentation for oil production relies on pure sugar-based feedstocks. However, these feedstocks are expensive and are in limited supply. Volatile fatty acids, which are generated as intermediates during anaerobic digestion of organic waste have emerged as a renewable feedstock that has the potential to replace conventional sugar sources for microbial oil production. They comprise short-chain (C2 to C6) organic acids and are employed as building blocks in the chemical industry. The present review discusses the use of oleaginous microorganisms for the production of biofuels and added-value products starting from volatile fatty acids as feedstocks. The review describes the metabolic pathways enabling lipogenesis from volatile fatty acids, and focuses on strategies to enhance lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms by tuning the ratios of volatile fatty acids generated via anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Omprakash Sarkar
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
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9
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Abomohra AEF, Almutairi AW. A close-loop integrated approach for microalgae cultivation and efficient utilization of agar-free seaweed residues for enhanced biofuel recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:124027. [PMID: 32829118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate a novel integrated biorefinery route for enhanced energy recovery from seaweeds and microalgae. Agar extraction prior to anaerobic digestion recorded the highest biogas productivity of 32.57 L kg-1 VS d-1. Supplementation of the microalgal growth medium with anaerobic digestate from agar-extracted biomass enhanced the microalgal growth, recording the highest dry weight of 4.57 g L-1 at 20% digestate ratio. In addition, lipid content showed the highest value of 25.8 %dw. Due to enhancement of growth and lipid content, 20% digestate ratio showed the highest lipid productivity and FAMEs recovery (65.2 mg L-1 d-1 and 123.3 mg g-1dw, respectively), with enhanced biodiesel characteristics. The present study estimated annual revenue of 1252.7 US$ ton-1 from the whole Gracilaria multipartita biomass conversion into biogas, while that through agar extraction deserved 36087.0 US$ ton-1, with enhanced annual biodiesel yield by 69.7% over the control medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Fatah Abomohra
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Adel W Almutairi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Dairy Manure Wastewater Remediation Using Non-airtight Digestion Pretreatment Followed by Microalgae Cultivation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:1093-1105. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Wang L, Chen L, Wu SX. Microalgae Cultivation Using Screened Liquid Dairy Manure Applying Different Folds of Dilution: Nutrient Reduction Analysis with Emphasis on Phosphorus Removal. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:381-391. [PMID: 32385813 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A number of dairies in southern Idaho employed stationary inclined screens to separate large solid particles out of liquid dairy manure. In this way, the total solid content of the liquid dairy manure can drop about 20%. Solids in dairy wastewater cause high turbidities, which could block the incident light, a key factor in the microalgae cultivation process using wastewaters as culture media. In this study, screened liquid dairy manure was used as the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris culture media. The aim was to optimize the dilution folds for the best growth of Chlorella vulgaris and nutrients' reduction with a special focus on phosphorus removal and recovery. Four folds of dilution, designated as 5*, 10*, 15*, 20*, were applied to the liquid dairy manure to alleviate hindrance of the high turbidity together with the high ammonium. Microalgal cultivation removed a significant amount of turbidity and major nutrients. For differently diluted liquid dairy manures, although the initial turbidities varied a lot, the final removal rates were not significantly different, falling in the range of 88.11-91.73%. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the 5-fold diluted liquid dairy manure dropped from 6700 to 1200 mg/L, corresponding to a removal rate of 79.81%. For the 10-fold, 15-fold, and 20-fold diluted manures, Chlorella removed around 67-69% of the initial CODs. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) was removed at rates ranging from 70.84 to 73.99% from the four differently diluted liquid dairy manures without significant differences. NH4-N was removed most efficiently by 88.92% from the 20-fold diluted liquid dairy manure, and the least at 68.65% from the 5-fold diluted one. Although the original total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were distinctive for each group, the TP removal rates stayed in the range of 52.16 to 65.22%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis of the precipitates harvested from the microalgal cultivation suggested possible phosphate precipitate forms. The chelation of Ca or Mg cations by dissolved organic matter (DOM) under alkaline conditions caused by microalgae cultivation could explain the unsatisfactory phosphorus removals observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research & Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Ave, Twin Falls, ID, 83301, USA
| | - Lide Chen
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research & Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Ave, Twin Falls, ID, 83301, USA.
| | - Sarah Xiao Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
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12
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Tan XB, Meng J, Tang Z, Yang LB, Zhang WW. Optimization of algae mixotrophic culture for nutrients recycling and biomass/lipids production in anaerobically digested waste sludge by various organic acids addition. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125509. [PMID: 31812770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobically digested waste sludge contains very high concentrations of ammonium and phosphate that are difficult to be purified using traditional processes. Mixotrophic culture of microalgae is a potential way to achieve ammonium and phosphate removal, while harvesting considerable biomass for biodiesel production. In this study, four typical volatile organic acids that could be potentially produced from sludge fermentation were tested for algal mixotrophic culture in anaerobically digested waste sludge. The results showed that the addition of propionate and isovaleric acid had no significant improvement on biomass production, and even inhibited algal growth at low concentration. Fortunately, the addition of acetic and n-butyric acid (initial C/N = 10) increased biomass production by1.9-2.4 times compared to the blank culture. Higher biomass production increased ammonium and orthophosphate removal to 88.3-97.1% and 80.4-93.0%, respectively. Moreover, the optimal addition of volatile organic acids enhanced lipids production by 3.9-6.3 times, while achieving higher saturation degree in biodiesels. The results suggest that adding these optimal volatile organic acids is suitable to enhance nutrients recycling and algal biodiesel production from anaerobically digested waste sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Tan
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, 412007, China.
| | - Jing Meng
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, 412007, China
| | - Zhuo Tang
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, 412007, China
| | - Li-Bin Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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13
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Tan XB, Yang LB, Zhang WW, Zhao XC. Lipids production and nutrients recycling by microalgae mixotrophic culture in anaerobic digestate of sludge using wasted organics as carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122379. [PMID: 31735698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient organics in anaerobic digestate of sludge limited algal mixotrophic culture and caused low lipids production. In this study, enhancing lipids production and pollutants removal by adding acidified starch wastewater was tested for Chlorella pyrenoidosa mixotrophic culture. The results showed that an optimal addition of acidified starch wastewater into anaerobic digestate of sludge (1:1, v/v) improved biomass and lipids production by 0.5-fold (to 2.59 g·L-1) and 3.2-fold (87.3 mg·L-1·d-1), respectively. The acidified starch wastewater addition also improved the quality of algal biodiesel with higher saturation (typically in C16:0 and C18:0). In addition, 62% of total organic carbon, 99% of ammonium and 95% of orthophosphate in mixed wastewater were effectively removed by microalgae. This study provides a promising way to improve biodiesel production and nutrients recovery from anaerobic digestate of sludge using waste carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Tan
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province 412007, China
| | - Li-Bin Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xian-Chao Zhao
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province 412007, China.
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14
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Nutrient Reduction of Dairy Manure Through Solid-Liquid Separation with Flocculation and Subsequent Microalgal Treatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1425-1437. [PMID: 31776943 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of dairy operations in Southern Idaho have brought up big challenges for proper manure management to alleviate the eutrophication stress. In order to explore more technologies confronting the high nutrient load in dairy manure, a sequential process combining enhanced solid-liquid separation through flocculation-centrifuge and the subsequent microalgal growth in the liquid part was studied in this study. Solid-liquid separation by flocculation-centrifuge process, using a natural flocculant chitosan and a flocculation aid kaolin, was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) technique using central composite design (CCD) method. Under the optimal flocculation-centrifuge pretreatment, i.e., the maximal total suspended solid (turbidity) removal group, turbidity, COD, TKN, and TP have been removed by 92.7%, 72.6%, 58.7%, and 43.0%, respectively. Applying 2-fold dilution, the supernatant from this treatment was further used for microalgae Chlorella vulgaris cultivation. COD, TKN, and TP were further reduced by 82.2%, 90.1%, and 83.4%, respectively. Turbidity was largely removed from the original dairy manure, providing a relatively clear solution that became suitable for photo-mixotrophic culture of microalgae.
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15
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Non-airtight Fermentation of Dairy Manure with Waste Potato Peels and Subsequent Phosphorus Recovery via Struvite Precipitation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:789-802. [PMID: 31493158 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two-phase anaerobic co-digestion of lignocellulosic crop residues with animal wastes can efficiently generate more biogas compared with the digestion of animal waste alone. Non-airtight fermentation of the mixed substrates is the primary step to hydrolyze complex organics and achieve simultaneous phosphorus release. Recycling phosphorus from tremendous animal wastes is remarkably meaningful regarding non-renewable resource recovery. In this study, the feasibility of a two-step process combining non-airtight fermentation of potato peels with dairy manure and the following struvite precipitation was explored. The hydrolysis and acidification process of the 6-day non-airtight mesophilic fermentation lowered pH to 6.4 under the highest mixed solid content of 4.8%; meanwhile, the ratio of reactive phosphorus to total phosphorus increased from 49.6 to 93.7% accordingly. Struvite formation was successfully induced by adjusting pH to 8.0 and 9.5. Under these two pHs, the precipitates were dominated by struvite as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) results indicated that there should exist both struvite and calcium phosphate in the precipitates obtained under the two pHs. pH 8.0 precipitate should contain around 75% struvite, while the proportion rose to about 90% for pH 9.5 precipitate, based on the calculation of respective Mg/P and Ca/P molar ratios.
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