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Yu M, Zhang C, Li X, Liu Y, Li X, Qu J, Dai J, Zhou C, Yuan Y, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Fu J, Yu H, Wang L, Liu C, Li Y. Pyrolysis of vegetable oil soapstock in fluidized bed: Characteristics of thermal decomposition and analysis of pyrolysis products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155412. [PMID: 35569655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of temperature on pyrolysis of soapstock in a fluidized bed reactor, and the characterization of soapstock chars (SCs) and pyrolysis oils (POs) were analyzed. TGA, TG-FTIR, TG-MS, and Py-GCMS were employed to investigate characteristics of SS pyrolysis. Experimental results indicated that the yield of SC decreased with increasing temperature. Pyrolysis oil (PO) yield reached the maximum of 21.05 wt% at 600 °C and the yield of non-condensable gas varied with temperatures. The content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen distributed in the SC decreased with the increasing temperature, and sulfur tended to be retained in SC during pyrolysis with the distribution ratio of 0.55-0.62. Ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons were the dominate substances in PO, and higher temperature promoted the production of short-chain alkanes and the conversion of alkenes to benzene derivatives. SS pyrolysis can be divided into three stages. Stage I was mainly the evaporation of free water and light organics in the raw material. Decomposition and conversion of organics mainly occurred at stage II. Stage III was the decomposition of CaCO3 and secondary cracking of residual organics. Ca2+ delayed the pyrolysis reaction of fatty acids and promoted decarboxylation which was the main deoxygenation pathway, and alkene production. This study provided a theoretical basis for the application of soapstock thermochemical treatment. It is of great significance for the quality improvement of PO and pollution control for pyrolysis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junshen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chunbao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yajie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hejie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Li
- Nexterra Systems Corp., 650, West Georgia Street, Vancouver V6b 4N8, British Columbia, Canada
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Li K, Wang Y, Zhou W, Cui T, Yang J, Sun Z, Min Y, Lee JM. Catalytic pyrolysis of film waste over Co/Ni pillared montmorillonites towards H 2 production. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134440. [PMID: 35364085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of plastic waste into valuable fuel products via catalytic pyrolysis is a promising and eco-friendly strategy. Herein, a series of Co/Ni pillared montmorillonites were developed as low-cost and effective catalysts for the pyrolysis of post-consumer film waste, which is one of the representative plastic wastes in nature. The best-performing catalyst produced 80.2% of liquid product, with a high selectivity of 43.5% of hydrocarbons at C10-C13 range, and 42.0 vol% of H2 which is nearly increased by 40-fold as compared to that in non-catalytic run. The improved results were ascribed to the pillared structure, the oxidation state of Co/Ni, and the distribution of acid sites. Particularly, the Lewis acidity (which governs the cyclization and alkanisation) coupled with high surface area and uniform dispersion of transition metallic sites, were found to promote the selectivity of condensable product. The pyrolytic mechanism towards H2 production was explored by theoretical calculations. The lattice oxygen bonded to both Ni and Co in an octahedral environment was found to promote the adsorption of the fragment of polymer in dehydrogenation. Additionally, the solid residues are potentially applied for the production of valuable carbonaceous materials since they displayed high heating value. This work is expected to provide a direction for the development of pyrolysis technology for fuel production with sustainability and economic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiqian Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinglei Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhipeng Sun
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yonggang Min
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore.
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Catalytic Upgrading of Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Carbon Pellets into Hydrocarbons-like Fuels in a Two-Stage Reactor: Analysis of Hydrocarbons Composition and Physical-Chemistry Properties. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the influence of the reaction time and catalyst-to-residual fat ratio by catalytic upgrading from pyrolysis vapors of residual fat at 400 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, on the yields of reaction products, physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, and acid value) and chemical composition of bio-oils, over a catalyst fixed-bed reactor of activated carbon pellets impregnated with 10.0 M NaOH, in semi-pilot scale. The experiments were carried out at 400 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, using a process schema consisting of a thermal cracking reactor of 2.0 L coupled to a catalyst fixed-bed reactor of 53 mL, without catalyst and using 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% (wt.) activated carbon pellets impregnated with 10.0 M NaOH, in batch mode. Results show yields of bio-oil decreasing with increasing catalyst-to-tallow ratio. The GC-MS of liquid reaction products identified the presence of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, ring-containing alkanes, ring-containing alkenes, and aromatics) and oxygenates (carboxylic acids, ketones, esters, alcohols, and aldehydes). For all the pyrolysis and catalytic cracking experiments, the hydrocarbon selectivity in bio-oil increases with increasing reaction time, while those of oxygenates decrease, reaching concentrations of hydrocarbons up to 95.35% (area).
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Jennita Jacqueline P, Shenbaga Muthuraman V, Karthick C, Alaswad A, Velvizhi G, Nanthagopal K. Catalytic microwave preheated co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomasses: A study on biofuel production and its characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126382. [PMID: 34808319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, microwave pre-treatment has been used for sustainable biofuel production from three different biowastes through catalytic aided co-pyrolysis techniques. The experimental investigations have been carried out to develop biofuel at temperature (350-550℃), heating rate (15-50℃/min) and particle size (0.12-0.38 mm). The resultant biofuels were characterized using TGA, DTA, FE-SEM, FTIR spectroscopy and NMR spectrum. The pyrolysis process of biomasses without and with catalyst resulted in the yield rate of 29-37% and 39-51% respectively. Moreover, the CaO catalytic co-pyrolysis process of pomegranate peel, groundnut shell and palmcone wastes with a ratio of 50:50 at 0.25 mm particle size has resulted in the highest yield rate of 51.6%. The NMR result of bio-oil samples produced hydroxyl group and aliphatics which clearly state the suitability of bio-oils for automotive application. The bio-oil had promising fuel characteristics consisting more energy density (29.1 MJ/kg), less oxygen content and free of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jennita Jacqueline
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - V Shenbaga Muthuraman
- Engine Testing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - C Karthick
- Engine Testing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abed Alaswad
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, UK
| | - G Velvizhi
- Centre of CO(2) Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - K Nanthagopal
- Engine Testing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
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Oh S, Lee J, Lam SS, Kwon EE, Ha JM, Tsang DCW, Ok YS, Chen WH, Park YK. Fast hydropyrolysis of biomass Conversion: A comparative review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126067. [PMID: 34601023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that fast hydropyrolysis (i.e., pyrolysis under hydrogen atmosphere operating at a rapid heating rate) is a promising technology for the conversion of biomass into liquid fuels (e.g., bio-oil and C4+ hydrocarbons). This pyrolysis approach is reported to be more effective than conventional fast pyrolysis in producing aromatic hydrocarbons and also lowering the oxygen content of the bio-oil obtained compared to hydrodeoxygenation (a common bio-oil upgrading method). Based on current literature, various non-catalytic and catalytic fast hydropyrolysis processes are reviewed and discussed. Efforts to combine fast hydropyrolysis and hydrotreatment process are also highlighted. Points to be considered for future research into fast hydropyrolysis and pending challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Oh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering & Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Myeong Ha
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Wu Q, Jiang L, Wang Y, Dai L, Liu Y, Zou R, Tian X, Ke L, Yang X, Ruan R. Pyrolysis of soybean soapstock for hydrocarbon bio-oil over a microwave-responsive catalyst in a series microwave system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125800. [PMID: 34438288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel Silicon carbide (SiC) foam ceramic based ZSM-5/SiC nanowires microwave-responsive catalyst was developed to upgrade the pyrolysis volatiles in a microwave-assisted series system (both the pyrolysis and catalytic systems were heated by microwave). The growth of SiC nanowires was helpful for the ZSM-5 growth on the SiC foam ceramic. Because the specific surface area of SiC foam ceramic was improved. The dielectric properties of the composite catalyst were improved due to the growth of SiC nanowires. Bio-oil composition analysis showed that area percentage of hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons could reach 80.89% and 40.48% at catalytic temperature of 450 ℃and 500 ℃, respectively. The microwave-responsive composite catalyst had good aromatization performance in microwave-assisted series system due to high dielectric properties and specific surface area. The composite catalyst performed well after five-cycle regeneration, and the hydrocarbon content could still reach 76.40%, which is 80.89% for the original catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Leilei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul MN 55108, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Rongge Zou
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Xiaojie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Linyao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul MN 55108, USA
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Synthesis of potassium metal ferrocyanide/Al-MCM-41 with fast and selective adsorption of cesium. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tian X, Wang Y, Zeng Z, Dai L, Peng Y, Jiang L, Yang X, Yue L, Liu Y, Ruan R. Study on the mechanism of co-catalyzed pyrolysis of biomass by potassium and calcium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124415. [PMID: 33221644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of K and Ca on the pyrolysis of rice straw were studied. The results showed that impregnating a certain amount of Ca is beneficial to the uniform distribution of K, and mixing a certain amount of K is also beneficial to the uniform distribution of Ca. Ca and K would combine with the silicon-aluminum compound in the sample during the pyrolysis and become invalid. Ca can effectively reduce the invalid K, but cannot completely protect K from combining with the silicon-aluminum compound. The binary metal carbonates K2Ca(CO3)2 and K2Ca2(CO3)3 were produced during the pyrolysis of the samples, which have a limited effect for the uniform distribution of the catalysts. In addition, acid-leaching removed most of the inorganic components in rice straw, which made it difficult for the catalyst to be evenly distributed, indicating that the inorganic components play an important role in evenly distributing the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul MN 55108, USA.
| | - Zihong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Leilei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul MN 55108, USA
| | - Yujie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Linqing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul MN 55108, USA
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul MN 55108, USA
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Li Z, Zhong Z, Zhang B, Wang W, Zhao H, Seufitelli GVS, Resende FLP. Microwave-assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis of rice husk over a hierarchical HZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst prepared by organic base alkaline solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141215. [PMID: 32862000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results obtained for microwave-assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis (MACFP) of rice husk. The MACFP process employed a hierarchical catalyst prepared via a combination of organic alkali treatment (TPAOH) and the generation of an external layer of MCM-41-type mesoporous channels. We propose this catalyst which is used for the first time for pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, as a tool to reduce coke agglomeration and increase hydrocarbon yields. Our results indicate that during catalyst preparation the mass fraction of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has a direct effect on the content of MCM-41 formed on top of the HZSM-5 core. For MACFP, we hypothesize that the small molecules generated from thermal decomposition of rice husk react further to form aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by decarbonylation, decarboxylation, oligomerization and aromatization. The highest hydrocarbon yield (60.5%) was obtained for a catalyst modified by a 2.0 mol/L TPAOH solution, with 10 wt% of CTAB (template for producing MCM-41), as well as with digestion and crystallization at 110 °C for 24 h. In addition, the highest liquid yield (47.6 wt%) was obtained at 550 °C. The relative content of hydrocarbons goes through a maximum of 60.5% with CTAB mass fraction which was higher than values obtained with MCM-41 (3.2%) and HZSM-5 (36.0%). Characterization and catalytic testing results suggest that the digestion temperature plays a more important role in the catalyst synthesis than the crystallization temperature. High digestion temperature (120 °C) decreases the overall hydrocarbon selectivity from 60.5% (110 °C) to 39.2%. The relative content of oxygenates reached the lowest value of 35.9% at the digestion and crystallization temperature of 110 °C. The synergistic effect of the MCM-41 shell and the HZSM-5 core promotes the catalytic activity, leading to outstanding deoxygenation capabilities and excellent selectivity to BTEX (52.7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, United States
| | - Zhaoping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Gabriel V S Seufitelli
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, United States
| | - Fernando L P Resende
- Jasper Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler 75799, TX, United States.
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Biomass Pyrolysis Technology by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis, Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis and Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis: A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aggravation of the energy crisis and environmental problems, biomass resource, as a renewable carbon resource, has received great attention. Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is a promising technology, which can convert solid biomass into high value liquid fuel, bio-char and syngas. Catalyst plays a vital role in the rapid pyrolysis, which can increase the yield and selectivity of aromatics and other products in bio-oil. In this paper, the traditional zeolite catalysts and metal modified zeolite catalysts used in CFP are summarized. The influence of the catalysts on the yield and selectivity of the product obtained from pyrolysis was discussed. The deactivation and regeneration of the catalyst were discussed. Catalytic co-pyrolysis (CCP) and microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) are new technologies developed in traditional pyrolysis technology. CCP improves the problem of hydrogen deficiency in the biomass pyrolysis process and raises the yield and character of pyrolysis products, through the co-feeding of biomass and hydrogen-rich substances. The pyrolysis reactions of biomass and polymers (plastics and waste tires) in CCP were reviewed to obtain the influence of co-pyrolysis on composition and selectivity of pyrolysis products. The catalytic mechanism of the catalyst in CCP and the reaction path of the product are described, which is very important to improve the understanding of co-pyrolysis technology. In addition, the effects of biomass pretreatment, microwave adsorbent, catalyst and other reaction conditions on the pyrolysis products of MAP were reviewed, and the application of MAP in the preparation of high value-added biofuels, activated carbon and syngas was introduced.
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