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Vyas KD, Singh A. Juncus rigidus high biomass and cellulose productivity under wastewater salinity stress - A paradigm shift to the valorization of RO reject water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173076. [PMID: 38734100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The use of water purifiers is intensively catching up and disposing of reverse osmosis reject water is of great concern. Reject water management using conventional methods is costly and harmful to the environment. To address this issue, the present study aims to utilize reverse osmosis reject wastewater using an eco-friendly approach. Juncus rigidus was treated with reject wastewater containing different salinity levels. Wastewater-treated plant dry biomass increased with increasing reject water salinity, and 625.3 g dry biomass recovered in treatment-B (~18,520 ppm). However, ~23,220 ppm wastewater salinity was lethal to the plants. The cellulose was extracted by alkali hydrolysis. The cellulose content in the wastewater-treated biomass was significantly higher in Treatment-B compared to both the control and Treatment-A (~12,744 ppm). The water salinity enhanced the cellulose (26.49 %) production in J. rigidus. Cellulose purity was confirmed using spectroscopic and thermogravimetric means. XRD shows highest crystallinity Index (77.29) with a d-spacing of 4.7 Å and 5.7 nm crystallite size in treatment-B. FTIR results reveal well-defined relevant peaks for OH, CH, CO, CH2, C-O-C, CO groups in treatment-B cellulose. Salinity impacts carboxyl groups in treatment B cellulose with a sharper and intense peak at 1644 cm-1 responsible for water absorption. Treatment-B exhibits higher thermal stability due to increased crystallinity. DSC shows endothermic depolymerization of cellulose with distinct peaks for different treatments. Morphological traits got better with increasing salinity with no adverse effect on cellulose. Salinity moderately affected the water absorption capacity of cellulose. All cellulose samples were devoid of gram-negative bacteria known by microbial test. This pioneering work underscores the plant's remarkable capacity not only to accomplish the circular economy by the valorization of wastewater obtained from various water purifiers for Juncus cultivation for cellulose production for diverse applications but also to generate income from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupali Dipakbhai Vyas
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aneesha Singh
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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2
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Lin H, Hong G, Fei M, Shen Y, Zhang X, Li J, Yang W, Li R. Micro- and nano-hybrid cellulose fibers prepared by straightforward and high-efficiency hot water soaking-assisted colloid grinding for high-performance cellulose paper. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121688. [PMID: 38171695 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-hybrid cellulose fiber (MNCF) stands out as a versatile cellulosic nanomaterial with promising applications in various fields owing to its excellent intrinsic nature and outstanding characteristics. However, the inefficiency in preparing MNCF, attributed to a complex multi-step processing, hinders its widespread adoption. In this study, a straightforward and highly efficient method for MNCF preparation was developed via a hot water soaking-assisted colloid grinding strategy. Active water molecules in hot water facilitating stronger transverse shrinkage and longitudinal expansion in fiber crystallized region, and thus improving the fibrillation degree of cellulose fibers. As a result, MNCFs with a mean diameter of 37.5 ± 22.2 nm and high concentration (2 wt%) were successfully achieved though pure mechanical method. The micro and nano-hybrid structure leads to the corresponding resulting cellulose paper with micro- and nano-hybrid structure possesses a compact stacking and fewer defects, leading to extraordinary mechanical properties including tensile strength of 204.5 MPa, Young's modulus of 6.3 GPa and elongation of 10.1 %. This work achieves significant progress towards straightforward and highly efficient production of MNCFs, offering an appreciable prospect for the development of multifunctional MNCF-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Lin
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Guolong Hong
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Mingen Fei
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Yiqin Shen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Xinxiang Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China; Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin 150040, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China.
| | - Ran Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350100, China.
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3
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Chan YH, Lock SSM, Chin BLF, Wong MK, Loy ACM, Foong SY, Yiin CL, Lam SS. Progress in thermochemical co-processing of biomass and sludge for sustainable energy, value-added products and circular economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129061. [PMID: 37075852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the main goal of net zero carbon emission, the shift from conventional fossil-based energy/products to renewable and low carbon-based energy/products is necessary. Biomass has been perceived as a carbon-neutral source from which energy and value-added products can be derived, while sludge is a slurry waste that inherently contains high amount of minerals and organic matters. Hence, thermochemical co-processing of biomass wastes and sludge could create positive synergistic effects, resulting in enhanced performance of the process (higher conversion or yield) and improved qualities or characteristics of the products as compared to that of mono-processing. This review presents the current progress and development for various thermochemical techniques of biomass-sludge co-conversion to energy and high-value products, and the potential applications of these products from circular economy's point of view. Also, these technologies are discussed from economic and environmental standpoints, and the outlook towards technology maturation and successful commercialization is laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Herng Chan
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Serene Sow Mun Lock
- CO(2) Research Center (CO(2)RES), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Bridgid Lai Fui Chin
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Energy and Environment Research Cluster, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mee Kee Wong
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Shin Ying Foong
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chung Loong Yiin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia; Institute of Sustainable and Renewable Energy (ISuRE), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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4
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Dong J, Zeng J, Li P, Li J, Wang B, Xu J, Gao W, Chen K. Mechanically strong nanopapers based on lignin containing cellulose micro- and nano-hybrid fibrils: Lignin content-fibrils morphology-strengthening mechanism. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 311:120753. [PMID: 37028856 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-containing cellulose nanopapers are emerging multifunctional materials in the fields of coatings, films, and packaging. However, the forming mechanism and properties of nanopapers with various lignin content have not been thoroughly studied. In this work, a mechanically strong nanopaper was fabricated based on lignin-containing cellulose micro- and nano-hybrid fibrils (LCNFs). The influence of lignin content and fibrils morphology on the formation process of nanopapers was investigated to understand the strengthening mechanism of nanopapers. LCNFs with high lignin content provided nanopapers with intertwined micro- and nano-hybrid fibrils layers with small layer spacing, while LCNFs with low lignin content offered nanopapers interlaced nanofibrils layers with large layer spacing. Although lignin was expected to interfere with hydrogen bonds between fibrils, the uniformly distributed lignin contributed to the stress transfer between fibrils. Due to the good coordination between microfibrils, nanofibrils and lignin (as network skeleton, filler and natural binder, respectively), the well-designed LCNFs nanopapers with lignin content of 14.5 % showed excellent mechanical properties, including tensile strength (183.8 MPa), Young's modulus (5.6 GPa) and elongation (9.2 %). This work deeply reveals the relationship between lignin content, morphology and strengthening mechanism of nanopapers, and providing theoretical guidance for employing LCNFs as structural and reinforcing materials to design robust composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiran Dong
- Plant Fibril Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- Plant Fibril Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Plant Fibril Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Plant Fibril Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Plant Fibril Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Plant Fibril Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- Plant Fibril Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- Plant Fibril Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Sun T, Zhang L, Yang Y, Li Y, Ren S, Dong L, Lei T. Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose and the Effect of a Catalyst on Product Distribution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16837. [PMID: 36554724 PMCID: PMC9779704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MC) was carried out by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The effects of temperature, time, and a catalyst on the distribution of the pyrolysis products were analyzed. The reaction temperature and time can significantly affect the types and yields of compounds produced by cellulose pyrolysis. A pyrolysis temperature of 500-600 °C and pyrolysis time of 20 s optimized the yield of volatile liquid in the pyrolysis products of cellulose. In all catalytic experiments, the relative contents of alcohols (1.97%), acids (2.32%), and esters (4.52%) were highest when K2SO4 was used as a catalyst. HZSM-5 promoted the production of carbohydrates (92.35%) and hydrocarbons (2.20%), while it inhibited the production of aldehydes (0.30%) and ketones (1.80%). MCM-41 had an obvious catalytic effect on cellulose, increasing the contents of aldehydes (41.58%), ketones (24.51%), phenols (1.82%), furans (8.90%), and N-compounds (12.40%) and decreasing those of carbohydrates (5.38%) and alcohols (0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanglei Sun
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Suxia Ren
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lili Dong
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
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6
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Wang J, Zhang B, Shujaa Aldeen A, Mwenya S, Cheng H, Xu Z, Zhang H. Enhancing production of hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil from biomass via catalytic fast pyrolysis coupled with advanced oxidation process pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127450. [PMID: 35697262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to propose a method for upgrading biomass pyrolysis products based on the combination of sodium persulfate pretreatment and fast catalytic pyrolysis. Combined with the analysis of components and thermogravimetric analysis, the result showed that after pretreatment the biomass structure was gradually depolymerized, the contents of lignin, the reaction of activation energy and the crystallinity of cellulose decreased. Due to the destructive effect of persulfate radicals, in fast pyrolysis, the relative contents of acids and oxygen-containing substances decreased, and the relative content of phenols can significantly increase to 19.20%. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons and total hydrocarbons had a high value under the catalytic pyrolysis in the best performance which amount of yield reached 28.66% and 33.72%, respectively. Sodium persulfate pretreatment was beneficial in the production of hydrocarbon-rich bio-oils and high-value chemicals since the radicals can effectively depolymerize lignin which promoted the process of pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Awsan Shujaa Aldeen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Stephen Mwenya
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Haoqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, No.301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Wang Y, Akbarzadeh A, Chong L, Du J, Tahir N, Awasthi MK. Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-oil production: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134181. [PMID: 35248592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic pyrolysis has been widely explored for bio-oil production from lignocellulosic biomass owing to its high feasibility and large-scale production potential. The aim of this review was to summarize recent findings on bio-oil production through catalytic pyrolysis using lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock. Lignocellulosic biomass, structural components and fundamentals of biomass catalytic pyrolysis were explored and summarized. The current status of bio-oil yield and quality from catalytic fast pyrolysis was reviewed and presented in the current review. The potential effects of pyrolysis process parameters, including catalysts, pyrolysis conditions, reactor types and reaction modes on bio-oil production are also presented. Techno-economic analysis of full-scale commercialization of bio-oil production through the catalytic pyrolysis pathway was reviewed. Further, limitations associated with current practices and future prospects of catalytic pyrolysis for production of high-quality bio-oils were summarized. This review summarizes the process of bio-oil production from catalytic pyrolysis and provides a general scientific reference for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Li Chong
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinyu Du
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450011, China
| | - Nadeem Tahir
- MOA Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Chorfa N, Nlandu H, Belkacemi K, Hamoudi S. Physical and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Modifications of Potato Starch Granules. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102027. [PMID: 35631908 PMCID: PMC9143340 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a valorization of the starch stemming from downgraded potatoes was approached through the preparation of starch nanoparticles using different physical methods, namely liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide, high energy ball milling (HEBM), and ultrasonication on the one hand and enzymatic hydrolysis on the other hand. Starch nanoparticles are beneficial as a reinforcement in food packaging technology as they enhance the mechanical and water vapor resistance of polymers. Also, starch nanoparticles are appropriate for medical applications as carriers for the delivery of bioactive or therapeutic agents. The obtained materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), whereas the hydrolysates were analyzed using size exclusion chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (SEC-PAD). The acquired results revealed that the physical modification methods led to moderate alterations of the potato starch granules’ size and crystallinity. However, enzymatic hydrolysis conducted using Pullulanase enzyme followed by nanoprecipitation of the hydrolysates allowed us to obtain very tiny starch nanoparticles sized between 20 and 50 nm, much smaller than the native starch granules, which have an average size of 10 μm. The effects of enzyme concentration, temperature, and reaction medium pH on the extent of hydrolysis in terms of the polymer carbohydrates’ fractions were investigated. The most promising results were obtained with a Pullulanase enzyme concentration of 160 npun/g of starch, at a temperature of 60 °C in a pH 4 phosphate buffer solution resulting in the production of hydrolysates containing starch polymers with low molecular weights corresponding mainly to P-10, P-5, and fractions with molecular weights lower than P-5 Pullulan standards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Safia Hamoudi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-656-2131 (ext. 408460)
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Yang H, Jiang J, Zhang B, Zhang W, Xie W, Li J. Experimental study on pretreatment effects of [BMIM]HSO 4/ethanol on the thermal behavior of cellulose. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10366-10373. [PMID: 35424969 PMCID: PMC8978641 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated to dissolve and/or pre-treat cellulose by combining with a low viscous co-solvent. Dissolution and pretreatment of cellulose by ILs are dynamic processes of dissolution and precipitation, which would caused the physical and chemical changes (such as crystallinity and thermal stability) of un-dissolved cellulose residues. Hence, this study focused on the thermal behavior of un-dissolved cellulose (PCEL) after pre-treatment using [BMIM]HSO4/ethanol. Ethanol was used as a green and cheap co-solvent of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BMIM]HSO4) to pre-treat cellulose under different conditions. The pretreatment effect on thermal behavior of PCEL was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and the distributed activation energy model. [BMIM]HSO4/ethanol pretreatment efficiently lowered the thermal stability of cellulose, and promoted the thermal decomposition at low temperature. The thermal behavior of PCEL can be adjusted by the [BMIM]HSO4 mass concentration. Pretreatment effects of [BMIM]HSO4/ethanol on thermal behaviors of cellulose have been investigated under different conditions. [BMIM]HSO4/ethanol siginificantly decreased the energy requirement of cellulose thermal decomposition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou 221018 China
| | - Ju Jiang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou 221018 China
| | - Bingzhe Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou 221018 China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou 221018 China
| | - Weining Xie
- Advanced Analysis and Computation Center, China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou 221018 China
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10
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Fan M, Li C, Sun Y, Zhang L, Zhang S, Hu X. In situ characterization of functional groups of biochar in pyrolysis of cellulose. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149354. [PMID: 34364276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heating rate, an important parameter in pyrolysis, not only impacts distribution of pyrolysis products, but also affects evolution of functionality of biochar and further application of the biochar. In this study, an in situ Diffuse Reflection Infrared Fourier Transform Spectra (DRIFTS) technique was used to probe transformation of functional groups of the biochar derived from pyrolysis of cellulose at varied heating rate of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min, aiming to draw an overall picture for the change of functional groups of the biochar versus the heating rate and pyrolysis temperature. The results showed the abundance of -OH, CH and CO experienced a maximum in 410 to 450 °C, depending on the specific heating rates, and then decreased with further increasing temperature via the conversion routes including dehydration, dehydrogenation and cracking. This led to carbonization of the biochar with monotonous increase of abundance of =C-H and CC functionality. Formation of the =C-H had a very close correlation with the removal of -C-H and -OH, especially the -C-H. Cracking of CO was one of the decisive factors for formation of CC. Nevertheless, cracking of C-O-C was much more difficult to be removed than that of CO and -OH, deterring the carbonization and leading to the retainment oxygen in the biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Fan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Yifan Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
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11
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Kristanto J, Azis MM, Purwono S. Multi-distribution activation energy model on slow pyrolysis of cellulose and lignin in TGA/DSC. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07669. [PMID: 34386629 PMCID: PMC8346647 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a kinetic model to analyze the multi-step reaction of biomass pyrolysis is pivotal to elucidate the mechanism of the pyrolysis. For this purpose, a model-fitting method such as multi-distribution the Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM) is one of the most reliable methods. DAEM with 4 different distribution functions of Gaussian, Logarithmic, Gumbel, and Cauchy was utilized to characterize the pyrolysis of cellulose and lignin during Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA/DSC) instrumentation. By comparing Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) and DSC profiles, determination of pseudo-components can be done more accurately. A kinetics analysis on the pyrolysis of cellulose with a single Gaussian distribution DAEM yielded a single activation energy of 178 kJ mol−1 with a narrow standard deviation. This result was justified by a single and dominant endothermic peak followed by minor exothermic peaks in the DSC result. For lignin pyrolysis, the presence of multiple peaks is characterized by four pseudo-components in DAEM with activation energies of 157, 174, 194, and 200 kJ mol−1. These pseudo-components were confirmed by the DSC result which indicated the occurrences of two exothermic peaks with two lesser exothermic or possibly endothermic peaks at the same temperature range. These findings imply the importance of DSC to support a kinetics study of thermogravimetric pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kristanto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Mufti Azis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Suryo Purwono
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,Professional Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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12
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Zhang Q, Lu Z, Su C, Feng Z, Wang H, Yu J, Su W. High yielding, one-step mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to cellulose nanocrystals without bulk solvent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 331:125015. [PMID: 33812135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are limited due to the low enzymatic efficiency and large amount of waste liquid. The purpose of this study is to improve the yield and production efficiency of CNCs by enzymatic hydrolysis. A one-step mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis method was developed by utilizing the synergy of wet grinding and enzymatic hydrolysis reaction to efficiently prepare CNCs. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the maximum CNCs yield of 49.3% was achieved with higher thermal stability and crystallinity index of 76.7%. Mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis followed the first order pseudo-kinetics, and fractal kinetics demonstrated that mechanical force of rotation speed affected the fractal dimensions and binding ability between substrate and enzyme. This study provides an alternative method to prepare CNCs, which can significantly avoid the use of bulk water, improve the production efficiency of CNCs and thus lower the production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chen Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zongmiao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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13
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Halder P, Patel S, Kundu S, Gbolahan Hakeem I, Hedayati Marzbali M, Pramanik B, Shah K. Dissolution reaction kinetics and mass transfer during aqueous choline chloride pre-treatment of oak wood. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124519. [PMID: 33338943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass processing employing ionic liquids is of recent research interest for the biorefinery industry. The data on biomass dissolution kinetics in ionic liquids is important for designing scale-up pre-treatment reactor design. In this study, the reaction mechanism and kinetics of oak wood dissolution in aqueous choline chloride was investigated. In an extended effort, a correlation of dimensionless numbers was developed for the estimation the mass transfer coefficient. The analyses suggested that oak wood dissolution in choline chloride occurred in two stages. The diffusion of ionic liquid through the product layer was the dominating rate-controlling step in the first stage of dissolution followed by the surface chemical reaction in the second stage. The diffusivity of choline chloride into the oak wood matrix was ranging between 2.96E-14 and 2.84E-13 m2/s. The activation energy of the diffusion controlled stage and surface chemical reaction controlled stage was approximately 24.2 and 40.3 kJ mol-1, respectively. The proposed mathematical correlation for mass transfer coefficient fitted well with the experimental mass transfer coefficient values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pobitra Halder
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Savankumar Patel
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sazal Kundu
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Gbolahan Hakeem
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mojtaba Hedayati Marzbali
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Biplob Pramanik
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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14
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Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose treated by mixed ionic liquids. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Liu L, An X, Zhang H, Lu Z, Nie S, Cao H, Xu Q, Liu H. Ball milling pretreatment facilitating α-amylase hydrolysis for production of starch-based bio-latex with high performance. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 242:116384. [PMID: 32564822 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Starch based bio-latex has been widely researched in the coating paper area for the purpose of partial replacement of petroleum-based binders. In this paper, a green and facile ball milling pretreatment was proposed to modify the starch granules before α-amylase hydrolysis by breaking up their crystalline structure, thus improving the accessibility and susceptibility of amylase into starch structure. It was found that the improved hydrolysis process after 8 h ball milling can generate suitable degree of polymerization of polysaccharides or oligosaccharides, which further facilitated the following H2O2 oxidation and SHMP crosslinking processes. In addition, a mechanism was also demonstrated to illustrate the improvement induced by ball milling pretreatment. The prepared bio-latex with crosslinking-structure performed excellent adhesive properties when substituted 25 % of petroleum-based latex during paper coating application, which showed great potential in improving the economic, cost, and environment benefits of traditional production of coated paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Xingye An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Zonghong Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Haibing Cao
- Zhejiang Jing Xing Paper Joint Stock Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province, 314214, PR China
| | - Qingliang Xu
- Zhejiang Jing Xing Paper Joint Stock Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province, 314214, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
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Teo HL, Wahab RA. Towards an eco-friendly deconstruction of agro-industrial biomass and preparation of renewable cellulose nanomaterials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1414-1430. [PMID: 32791266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an array of methodologies to prepare nanocellulose (NC) and its fibrillated form (CNF) with enhanced physicochemical characteristics. However, acids, bases or organosolv treatments on biomass are far from green, and seriously threaten the environment. Current approach to produce NC/CNF from biomass should be revised and embrace the concept of sustainability and green chemistry. Although hydrothermal process, high-pressure homogenization, ball milling technique, deep eutectic solvent treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis etc., are the current techniques for producing NC, the route designs remain imperfect. Herein, this review highlights the latest methodologies in the pre-processing and isolating of NC/CNF from lignocellulose biomass, by largely focusing on related papers published in the past two years till date. This article also explores the latest advancements in environmentally friendly NC extraction techniques that cooperatively use ball milling and enzymatic hydrolytic routes as an eco-efficient way to produce NC/CNF, alongside the potential applications of the nano-sized celluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Li Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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