1
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Agrawal D, Budakoti M, Kumar V. Strategies and tools for the biotechnological valorization of glycerol to 1, 3-propanediol: Challenges, recent advancements and future outlook. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108177. [PMID: 37209955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Global efforts towards decarbonization, environmental sustainability, and a growing impetus for exploiting renewable resources such as biomass have spurred the growth and usage of bio-based chemicals and fuels. In light of such developments, the biodiesel industry will likely flourish, as the transport sector is taking several initiatives to attain carbon-neutral mobility. However, this industry would inevitably generate glycerol as an abundant waste by-product. Despite being a renewable organic carbon source and assimilated by several prokaryotes, presently realizing glycerol-based biorefinery is a distant reality. Among several platform chemicals such as ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, 2, 3-butanediol etc. 1, 3-propanediol (1, 3-PDO) is the only chemical naturally produced by fermentation with glycerol as a native substrate. The recent commercialization of glycerol-based 1, 3-PDO by Metabolic Explorer, France, has revived research interests in developing alternate cost-competitive, scalable and marketable bioprocesses. The current review outlines natural glycerol assimilating and 1, 3-PDO-producing microbes, their metabolic pathways, and associated genes. Later, technical barriers are carefully examined, such as the direct use of industrial glycerol as input material and genetic and metabolic issues related to microbes alleviating their industrial use. Biotechnological interventions exploited in the past five years, which can substantially circumvent these challenges, such as microbial bioprospecting, mutagenesis, metabolic, evolutionary and bioprocess engineering, including their combinations, are discussed in detail. The concluding section sheds light on some of the emerging and most promising breakthroughs which have resulted in evolving new, efficient, and robust microbial cell factories and/or bioprocesses for glycerol-based 1, 3-PDO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDG Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Mridul Budakoti
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDG Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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2
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Guo X, Zhang H, Feng J, Yang L, Luo K, Fu H, Wang J. De novo biosynthesis of butyl butyrate in engineered Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Metab Eng 2023; 77:64-75. [PMID: 36948242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Butyl butyrate has broad applications in foods, cosmetics, solvents, and biofuels. Microbial synthesis of bio-based butyl butyrate has been regarded as a promising approach recently. Herein, we engineered Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 to achieve de novo biosynthesis of butyl butyrate from fermentable sugars. Through introducing the butanol synthetic pathway (enzyme AdhE2), screening alcohol acyltransferases (AATs), adjusting transcription of VAAT and adhE2 (i.e., optimizing promoter), and efficient supplying butyryl-CoA, an excellent engineered strain, named MUV3, was obtained with ability to produce 4.58 g/L butyl butyrate at 25 °C with glucose in serum bottles. More NADH is needed for butyl butyrate synthesis, thus mannitol (the more reduced substrate) was employed to produce butyl butyrate. Ultimately, 62.59 g/L butyl butyrate with a selectivity of 95.97%, and a yield of 0.21 mol/mol was obtained under mannitol with fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor, which is the highest butyl butyrate titer reported so far. Altogether, this study presents an anaerobic fermentative platform for de novo biosynthesis of butyl butyrate in one step, which lays the foundation for butyl butyrate biosynthesis from renewable biomass feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Guo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun Feng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kui Luo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongxin Fu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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3
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Zhang F, Zhang K, Xian XY, Chen HQ, Chen XW, Zhang Z, Wu YR. Elimination of carbon catabolite repression through gene-modifying a solventogenic Clostridium sp. strain WK to enhance butanol production from the galactose-rich red seaweed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160559. [PMID: 36574546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the determination of the Leloir pathway in a solventogenic wild-type strain WK through the transcriptional analysis, two pivotal genes (galK and galT) were systematically co-expressed to demonstrate a significantly enhanced galactose utilization for butanol production with the elimination of carbon catabolite repression (CCR). The gene-modified strain WK-Gal-4 could effectively co-utilize galactose and glucose by directly using an ultrasonication-assisted butyric acid-pretreated Gelidium amansii hydrolysate (BAU) as the substrate, exhibiting the optimal sugar consumption and butanol production from BAU of 20.31 g/L and 7.8 g/L with an increment by 62.35 % and 61.49 % over that by strain WK, respectively. This work for the first time develops a feasible approach to utilizing red algal biomass for butanol fermentation through exploring the metabolic regulation of carbohydrate catabolism, also offering a novel route to develop the future biorefinery using the cost-effective and sustainable marine feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Xing-You Xian
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Hai-Qi Chen
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Yi-Rui Wu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
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4
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Hocq R, Sauer M. An artificial coculture fermentation system for industrial propanol production. FEMS MICROBES 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Converting plant biomass into biofuels and biochemicals via microbial fermentation has received considerable attention in the quest for finding renewable energies and materials. Most approaches have so far relied on cultivating a single microbial strain, tailored for a specific purpose. However, this contrasts to how nature works, where microbial communities rather than single species perform all tasks. In artificial coculture systems, metabolic synergies are rationally designed by carefully selecting and simultaneously growing different microbes, taking advantage of the broader metabolic space offered by the use of multiple organisms.
1-propanol and 2-propanol, as biofuels and precursors for propylene, are interesting target molecules to valorize plant biomass. Some solventogenic Clostridia can naturally produce 2-propanol in the so-called Isopropanol-Butanol-Ethanol (IBE) fermentation, by coupling 2-propanol synthesis to acetate and butyrate reduction into ethanol and 1-butanol.
In this work, we hypothesized propanoate would be converted into 1-propanol by the IBE metabolism, while driving at the same time 2-propanol synthesis. We first verified this hypothesis and chose two propionic acid bacteria (PAB) strains as propanoate producers. While consecutive PAB and IBE fermentations only resulted in low propanol titers, coculturing Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Clostridium beijerinckii at various inoculation ratios yielded much higher solvent concentrations, with as much as 21 g/L of solvents (58% increase compared to C. beijerinckii monoculture) and 12 g/L of propanol (98% increase). Taken together, our results underline how artificial cocultures can be used to foster metabolic synergies, increasing fermentative performances and orienting the carbon flow towards a desired product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Hocq
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sauer
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Feng J, Zhang J, Ma Y, Feng Y, Wang S, Guo N, Wang H, Wang P, Jiménez-Bonilla P, Gu Y, Zhou J, Zhang ZT, Cao M, Jiang D, Wang S, Liu XW, Shao Z, Borovok I, Huang H, Wang Y. Renewable fatty acid ester production in Clostridium. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4368. [PMID: 34272383 PMCID: PMC8285483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioproduction of renewable chemicals is considered as an urgent solution for fossil energy crisis. However, despite tremendous efforts, it is still challenging to generate microbial strains that can produce target biochemical to high levels. Here, we report an example of biosynthesis of high-value and easy-recoverable derivatives built upon natural microbial pathways, leading to improvement in bioproduction efficiency. By leveraging pathways in solventogenic clostridia for co-producing acyl-CoAs, acids and alcohols as precursors, through rational screening for host strains and enzymes, systematic metabolic engineering-including elimination of putative prophages, we develop strains that can produce 20.3 g/L butyl acetate and 1.6 g/L butyl butyrate. Techno-economic analysis results suggest the economic competitiveness of our developed bioprocess. Our principles of selecting the most appropriate host for specific bioproduction and engineering microbial chassis to produce high-value and easy-separable end products may be applicable to other bioprocesses. Esters can be used as fuels and specialty chemicals for food flavoring, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Here, the authors systematically engineer clostridia, including discovery and deletion of prophages to increase strain stability, for the production of butyl acetate and butyl butyrate from corn stover at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yuechao Ma
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yiming Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shangjun Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Haijiao Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Pixiang Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Bonilla
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,School of Chemistry, National University (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Yanyan Gu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Junping Zhou
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Zhong-Tian Zhang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,NSF Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Di Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shuning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian-Wei Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zengyi Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,NSF Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ilya Borovok
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haibo Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. .,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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6
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Wang Q, Al Makishah NH, Li Q, Li Y, Liu W, Sun X, Wen Z, Yang S. Developing Clostridia as Cell Factories for Short- and Medium-Chain Ester Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:661694. [PMID: 34164382 PMCID: PMC8215697 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.661694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Short- and medium-chain volatile esters with flavors and fruity fragrances, such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and butyl butyrate, are usually value-added in brewing, food, and pharmacy. The esters can be naturally produced by some microorganisms. As ester-forming reactions are increasingly deeply understood, it is possible to produce esters in non-natural but more potential hosts. Clostridia are a group of important industrial microorganisms since they can produce a variety of volatile organic acids and alcohols with high titers, especially butanol and butyric acid through the CoA-dependent carbon chain elongation pathway. This implies sufficient supplies of acyl-CoA, organic acids, and alcohols in cells, which are precursors for ester production. Besides, some Clostridia could utilize lignocellulosic biomass, industrial off-gas, or crude glycerol to produce other branched or straight-chain alcohols and acids. Therefore, Clostridia offer great potential to be engineered to produce short- and medium-chain volatile esters. In the review, the efforts to produce esters from Clostridia via in vitro lipase-mediated catalysis and in vivo alcohol acyltransferase (AAT)-mediated reaction are comprehensively revisited. Besides, the advantageous characteristics of several Clostridia and clostridial consortia for bio-ester production and the driving force of synthetic biology to clostridial chassis development are also discussed. It is believed that synthetic biotechnology should enable the future development of more effective Clostridia for ester production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhuo Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Naief H Al Makishah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzheng Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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7
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Wu Y, Li M, Zhao Y, Zhu H, Chen C, Wang M, Chen B, Tan T. Efficient production of chemicals from microorganism by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Co-feeding glucose with either gluconate or galacturonate during clostridial fermentations provides metabolic fine-tuning capabilities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:29. [PMID: 33420096 PMCID: PMC7794554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 effectively utilizes a wide range of substrates to produce commodity chemicals. When grown on substrates of different oxidation states, the organism exhibits different recycling needs of reduced intracellular electron carrying co-factors. Ratios of substrates with different oxidation states were used to modulate the need to balance electron carriers and demonstrate fine-tuned control of metabolic output. Three different oxidized substrates were first fed singularly, then in different ratios to three different strains of Clostridium sp. Growth was most robust when fed glucose in exclusive fermentations. However, the use of the other two more oxidized substrates was strain-dependent in exclusive feeds. In glucose-galacturonate mixed fermentation, the main products (acetate and butyrate) were dependant on the ratios of the substrates. Exclusive fermentation on galacturonate was nearly homoacetic. Co-utilization of galacturonate and glucose was observed from the onset of fermentation in growth conditions using both substrates combined, with the proportion of galacturonate present dictating the amount of acetate produced. For all three strains, increasing galacturonate content (%) in a mixture of galacturonate and glucose from 0 to 50, and 100, resulted in a corresponding increase in the amount of acetate produced. For example, C. acetobutylicum increased from ~ 10 mM to ~ 17 mM, and then ~ 23 mM. No co-utilization was observed when galacturonate was replaced with gluconate in the two substrate co-feed.
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9
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Sedlar K, Vasylkivska M, Musilova J, Branska B, Provaznik I, Patakova P. Phenotypic and genomic analysis of isopropanol and 1,3-propanediol producer Clostridium diolis DSM 15410. Genomics 2020; 113:1109-1119. [PMID: 33166602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium diolis DSM 15410 is a type strain of solventogenic clostridium capable of conducting isopropanol-butanol-ethanol fermentation. By studying its growth on different carbohydrates, we verified its ability to utilize glycerol and produce 1,3-propanediol and discovered its ability to produced isopropanol. Complete genome sequencing showed that its genome is a single circular chromosome and belongs to the cluster I (sensu scricto) of the genus Clostridium. By cultivation analysis we highlighted its specific behavior in comparison to two selected closely related strains. Despite the fact that several CRISPR loci were found, 16 putative prophages showed the ability to receive foreign DNA. Thus, the strain has the necessary features for future engineering of its 1,3-propanediol biosynthetic pathway and for the possible industrial utilization in the production of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Sedlar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Maryna Vasylkivska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Musilova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Branska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Provaznik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Patakova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Fang D, Wen Z, Lu M, Li A, Ma Y, Tao Y, Jin M. Metabolic and Process Engineering of Clostridium beijerinckii for Butyl Acetate Production in One Step. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9475-9487. [PMID: 32806108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
n-Butyl acetate is an important food additive commonly produced via concentrated sulfuric acid catalysis or immobilized lipase catalysis of butanol and acetic acid. Compared with chemical methods, an enzymatic approach is more environmentally friendly; however, it incurs a higher cost due to lipase production. In vivo biosynthesis via metabolic engineering offers an alternative to produce n-butyl acetate. This alternative combines substrate production (butanol and acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA)), alcohol acyltransferase expression, and esterification reaction in one reactor. The alcohol acyltransferase gene ATF1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was introduced into Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052, enabling it to directly produce n-butyl acetate from glucose without lipase addition. Extractants were compared and adapted to realize glucose fermentation with in situ n-butyl acetate extraction. Finally, 5.57 g/L of butyl acetate was produced from 38.2 g/L of glucose within 48 h, which is 665-fold higher than that reported previously. This demonstrated the potential of such a metabolic approach to produce n-butyl acetate from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahui Fang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Minrui Lu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuheng Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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11
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Zhang J, Hong W, Guo L, Wang Y, Wang Y. Enhancing plasmid transformation efficiency and enabling CRISPR-Cas9/Cpf1-based genome editing in Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2911-2917. [PMID: 32437010 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 is known as a natural hyper-butyrate producer with great potentials as an excellent platform to be engineered for valuable biochemical production from renewable resources. However, limited transformation efficiency and the lack of genetic manipulation tools have hampered the broader applications of this micro-organism. In this study, the effects of Type I restriction-modification system and native plasmid on conjugation efficiency of C. tyrobutyricum were investigated through gene deletion. The deletion of Type I restriction endonuclease resulted in a 3.7-fold increase in conjugation efficiency, while the additional elimination of the native plasmid further enhanced conjugation efficiency to 6.05 ± 0.75 × 103 CFU/ml-donor, which was 15.3-fold higher than the wild-type strain. Fermentation results indicated that the deletion of those two genetic elements did not significantly influence the end-products production in the resultant mutant ΔRMIΔNP. Thanks to the increased conjugation efficiency, the CRISPR-Cas9/Cpf1 systems, which previously could not be implemented in C. tyrobutyricum, were successfully employed for genome editing in ΔRMIΔNP with an efficiency of 12.5-25%. Altogether, approaches we developed herein offer valuable guidance for establishing efficient DNA transformation methods in nonmodel micro-organisms. The ΔRMIΔNP mutant can serve as a great chassis to be engineered for diverse valuable biofuel and biochemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifen Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
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