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Liu S, Xiao S, Wang B, Cai Y, Xie R, Wang X, Wang J. Fractional extraction of lignin from coffee beans with low cytotoxicity, excellent anticancer and antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130509. [PMID: 38423438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, a biopolymer generated from renewable resources, is widely present in terrestrial plants and possesses notable biosafety characteristics. The objective of this work was to assess the edible safety, in vitro antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties of various lignin fractions isolated from commercially available coffee beans often used for coffee preparation. The findings suggest that the phenolic hydroxyl content increased from 3.26 mmol/g (ED70L) to 5.81 mmol/g (ED0L) with decreasing molecular weight, which resulted in more significant antioxidant properties of the low molecular weight lignin fraction. The findings of the study indicate that the viability of RAW 264.7 and HaCaT cells decreased as the quantity of lignin fractions increased. It was observed that concentrations below 200 μg/mL did not exhibit any harmful effects on normal cells. The results of the study demonstrated a significant reduction of cancer cell growth (specifically A375 cells) at a concentration of 800 μg/mL for all lignin fractions, with an observed inhibition rate of 95 %. The results of this study indicate that the lignin extracts derived from coffee beans exhibit significant potential in mitigating diseases resulting from excessive radical production. Furthermore, these extracts show promise as natural antioxidants and anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Liu
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yanxue Cai
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ruihong Xie
- College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Jihui Wang
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China.
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2
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Xu X, Gai J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wu S, Song K, Hu J, Chu Q. Integrated acetic acid and deep eutectic solvent pretreatment on poplar for co-production of xylo-oligosaccharides, fermentable sugars and lignin antioxidants/adsorbents. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129138. [PMID: 38171445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Efficient fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass in usable forms of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin is very important for the sustainable lignocellulosic biorefinery. Herein, poplar sawdust was pretreated with an integrated process composed of acetic acid pre-hydrolysis (170 °C, 60 min) for xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) production and mild deep eutectic solvent (90-130 °C, 60 min) post-delignification for recovering lignin fractions, resulting in easily hydrolyzed cellulose fraction. Results showed that, after integrated pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, 51 % of xylan and 92 % of glucan in raw biomass could be converted to XOS (DP 2-6) and glucose, respectively, while 71 % of the original lignin could be recovered in DES solvent. The resulting XOS were proven to ensure the growth of probiotics, Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Besides, the lignin macromolecules recovered from DES solvent showed high-purity (around 95 %), low-molecular weight (Mw around 2000), small particle size (270-170 nm) and high-PhOH (3.08 mmol/g) content, which were likely relevant to the excellent antioxidant activity (RSI = 15.16) and adsorbent activity (Pb(II) 461.89 mg/g lignin). Finally, mass balance and energy analysis revealed that the integrated pretreatment could be used as a promising approach for the production of bio-based chemicals and materials from woody biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junming Gai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kai Song
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N1Z4, Canada
| | - Qiulu Chu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Chen X, Liu Q, Wang N, Liu C, Shi J, Liu L. Enhancing biomass conversion: Efficient hemicellulose removal and cellulose saccharification in poplar with FeCl 3 coupled with acidic electrolyzed water pretreatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127600. [PMID: 37871719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the recalcitrant structure of woody biomass such as poplar, the efficient disassembly and separation of hemicellulose component from woody biomass is crucial for green biomass processing and full component utilization. This study presented an environmentally friendly approach to utilize acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) combined with metal salts and investigated its pretreatment effects on hemicellulose removal and cellulose and lignin retention under different conditions. Meanwhile, the structural properties and enzymatic hydrolysis performance of the pretreated residues were also characterized. As a result, under the optimized pretreatment conditions (0.03 mol/L FeCl3 with AEW at 180 °C for 10 min), hemicellulose removal from poplar wood reached 98.64 %, accompanied by xylose recovery rate of 98.46 %, cellulose retention rate of 93.43 % and lignin retention rate of 94.29 %. Enzymatic hydrolysis rate of the pretreated cellulose-enriched substrate reached 97.65 %. Furthermore, comprehensive structural characterizations revealed that FeCl3 coupled with AEW pretreatment resulted in surface damage to the poplar wood, effective removal of the amorphous hemicellulose component, and partial destruction of the cellulose crystallinity. In conclusion, FeCl3 coupled with AEW pretreatment effectively separates hemicellulose, leading to significant alterations in biomass composition and structure, ultimately resulting in improved enzymatic digestion. These results provide theoretical support for targeted dissociation of hemicellulose and full component utilization of woody biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomiao Chen
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qianjing Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Na Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Caoyunrong Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiping Shi
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Sharma V, Tsai ML, Nargotra P, Chen CW, Sun PP, Singhania RR, Patel AK, Dong CD. Journey of lignin from a roadblock to bridge for lignocellulose biorefineries: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160560. [PMID: 36574559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The grave concerns arisen as a result of environmental pollution and diminishing fossil fuel reserves in the 21st century have shifted the focus on the use of sustainable and environment friendly alternative resources. Lignocellulosic biomass constituted by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is an abundantly available natural bioresource. Lignin, a natural biopolymer has over the years gained much importance as a high value material with commercial importance. The present review provides an in-depth knowledge on the journey of lignin from being considered a roadblock to a bridge connecting diverse industries with widescale applications. The successful valorization of lignin for the production of bio-based platform chemicals and fuels has been the subject of intensive investigation. A deeper understanding of lignin characteristics and factors governing the biomass conversion into valuable products can support improved biomass consumption. The components of lignocellulosic biomass might be totally transformed into a variety of value-added products with the improvements in bioprocess techniques that valorize lignin. In this review, the recent advances in the lignin extraction and depolymerization methods that may help in achieving the cost-economics of the bioprocess are summarized and compared. The industrial potential of lignin-derived products such as aromatics, biopolymers, biofuels and agrochemicals are also outlined. Additionally, assessment of the recent research trends in lignin valorization into value-added chemicals has been done and present scenario of technological-industrial applications of lignin with economic perspectives is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Parushi Nargotra
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Sun
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Efficient Co-Production of Xylooligosaccharides and Glucose from Vinegar Residue by Biphasic Phenoxyethanol-Maleic Acid Pretreatment. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A new biphasic organic solvent, phenoxyethanol-maleic acid, was carried out to pretreat and fractionate vinegar residue into glucan, xylan and lignin under mild conditions. Additional effects of key factors, temperature and phenoxyethanol concentration, on vinegar residue, were evaluated. Under the biphasic system (0.5% maleic acid, 60% phenoxyethanol), 140 °C cooking vinegar residue for 1 h, 80.91% of cellulose retention in solid residue, 75.44% of hemicellulose removal and 69.28% of lignin removal were obtained. Optimal identified conditions resulted in maximum XOS of 47.3%. Then, the solid residue was enzymatically digested with a glucose yield of 82.67% at 72 h with the addition of 2.5 g/L bovine serum albumin. Finally, the residue was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD and BET analysis. This work demonstrated the phenoxyethanol-maleic acid pretreatment yielded XOS, fermentable sugar, and lignin with high processibility.
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Sun C, Meng X, Sun F, Zhang J, Tu M, Chang JS, Reungsang A, Xia A, Ragauskas AJ. Advances and perspectives on mass transfer and enzymatic hydrolysis in the enzyme-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108059. [PMID: 36402253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis is a critical process for the cellulase-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery to produce sugar syrups that can be converted into a whole range of biofuels and biochemicals. Such a process operating at high-solid loadings (i.e., scarcely any free water or roughly ≥ 15% solids, w/w) is considered more economically feasible, as it can generate a high sugar concentration at low operation and capital costs. However, this approach remains restricted and incurs "high-solid effects", ultimately causing the lower hydrolysis yields with increasing solid loadings. The lack of available water leads to a highly viscous system with impaired mixing that exhibits strong transfer resistance and reaction limitation imposed on enzyme action. Evidently, high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis involves multi-scale mass transfer and multi-phase enzyme reaction, and thus requires a synergistic perspective of transfer and biotransformation to assess the interactions among water, biomass components, and cellulase enzymes. Porous particle characteristics of biomass and its interface properties determine the water form and distribution state surrounding the particles, which are summarized in this review aiming to identify the water-driven multi-scale/multi-phase bioprocesses. Further aided by the cognition of rheological behavior of biomass slurry, solute transfer theories, and enzyme kinetics, the coupling effects of flow-transfer-reaction are revealed under high-solid conditions. Based on the above basic features, this review lucidly explains the causes of high-solid hydrolysis hindrances, highlights the mismatched issues between transfer and reaction, and more importantly, presents the advanced strategies for transfer and reaction enhancements from the viewpoint of process optimization, reactor design, as well as enzyme/auxiliary additive customization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of MOE, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of MOE, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Maobing Tu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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7
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Tong W, Fang H, Song K, Xie X, Wang J, Jin Y, Wu S, Hu J, Chu Q. Modified acid pretreatment to alter physicochemical properties of biomass for full cellulose/hemicellulose utilization. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120182. [PMID: 36876797 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acid pretreatment of biomass decomposed hemicelluloses but could not effectively remove lignin, which hindered biomass saccharification and carbohydrates utilization. In this work, 2-naphthol-7-sulfonate (NS) and sodium bisulfite (SUL) were simultaneously added to acid pretreatment, which was found to synergistically increase hydrolysis yield of cellulose from 47.9 % to 90.6 %. Based on in-depth investigations, strong linear correlations were observed between cellulose accessibility and lignin removal, fiber swelling, CrI/cellulose ratio, cellulose crystallite size, respectively, indicating that some physicochemical characteristics of cellulose played significant roles in improving cellulose hydrolysis yield. After enzymatic hydrolysis, 84 % carbohydrates could be liberated and recovered as fermentable sugars for subsequent utilization. Mass balance illustrated that for 100 kg raw biomass, 15.1 kg xylonic acid and 20.5 kg ethanol could be co-produced, indicating the efficient utilization of biomass carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Tong
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huaxing Fang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kai Song
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1Z4, Canada
| | - Qiulu Chu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Madadi M, Song G, Sun F, Sun C, Xia C, Zhang E, Karimi K, Tu M. Positive role of non-catalytic proteins on mitigating inhibitory effects of lignin and enhancing cellulase activity in enzymatic hydrolysis: Application, mechanism, and prospective. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114291. [PMID: 36103929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fermentable sugar production from lignocellulosic biomass has received considerable attention and has been dramatic progress recently. However, due to low enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) yields and rates, a high dosage of the costly enzyme is required, which is a bottleneck for commercial applications. Over the last decades, various strategies have been developed to reduce cellulase enzyme costs. The progress of the non-catalytic additive proteins in mitigating inhibition in EH is discussed in detail in this review. The low efficiency of EH is mostly due to soluble lignin compounds, insoluble lignin, and harsh thermal and mechanical conditions of the EH process. Adding non-catalytic proteins into the EH is considered a simple and efficient approach to boost hydrolysis yield. This review discussed the multiple mechanical steps involved in the EH process. The effect of physicochemical properties of modified lignin on EH and its interaction with cellulase and cellulose are identified and discussed, which include hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic, electrostatic, and cation-π interactions, as well as physical barriers. Moreover, the effects of different conditions of EH that lead to cellulase deactivation by thermal and mechanical mechanisms are also explained. Finally, recent advances in the development, potential mechanisms, and economic feasibility of non-catalytic proteins on EH are evaluated and perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Madadi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guojie Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Chihe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Ezhen Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Keikhosro Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Maobing Tu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, United States
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Liu T, Wang P, Tian J, Guo J, Zhu W, Seidi F, Jin Y, Xiao H, Song J. Enzymatic saccharification promotion for bioenergy poplar under green liquor pretreatment by fully sulfonated polystyrene: Effect of molecular weight. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127904. [PMID: 36108943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble lignin and lignin derivatives are cited to promote the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose. Herein, a series of fully sulfonated polystyrene sulfonates (FSPSSs) with various molecular weights (MW) were synthesized through free radical polymerization (FRP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to serve as lignin analogues to boost the enzymatic saccharification of bioenergy poplar under green liquor pretreatment. The FRP-made polymers with MW 944.5 × 103 to 123.6 × 103 g/mol increased the enzymatic hydrolysis digestibility (SED) by 13 % to 18.8 %. On contrary, the ATRP-made polymers with lower MW (3.8 × 103-12.2 × 103 g/mol) showed a weak effect with<8 % improvement in SED. This can be explained the adsorption capacity and the conformation of cellulase-FSPSS complexes, which respond to the reducing nonproductive adsorption correlated to their MWs, due to the strong dependence of molecular conformation on the chain length of strong polyelectrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fazard Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Wen P, Liao H, Zhu J, Xu Y, Zhang J. Production of xylo-oligosaccharides and ethanol from corncob by combined tartaric acid hydrolysis with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127977. [PMID: 36122845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In organic acid hydrolysis for xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) production, organic acids with low flash points and explosion limits can lead to explosion and fire risk. Herein, tartaric acid (TA) as an organic acid with high flash point and no explosion limit was used in the hydrolysis of corncob to produce XOS. Then, the TA-hydrolyzed corncob was used for ethanol production. In TA hydrolysis of corncob, a 56.4 % XOS yield was obtained from the hydrolysate with the conditions of 170 °C, 60 mM TA and 10 min. Meanwhile, 92.1 % TA was recovered from the hydrolysate by the addition of calcium hydroxide. After simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of TA-hydrolyzed corncob, an 82.4 % ethanol yield was obtained with a solid loading of 25 % (w/v, 250 g/L) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae H06. This research provided a relatively safe, simple, and efficient technology for producing XOS and ethanol from corncob.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Wen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China.
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11
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Su Y, Fang L, Wang P, Lai C, Huang C, Ling Z, Yong Q. Coproduction of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides from hardwood by a combination of acetic acid pretreatment, mechanical refining and enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127365. [PMID: 35618187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sequential biorefinery treatments of acetic acid (HAC) pretreatment, Papir Forsknings Institutet (PFI) milling and enzymatic hydrolysis were demonstrated for coproduction of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and fermentable monosaccharides. Results indicated that 36.2% XOS (50.8% X2-X3) and 17.0% low DP xylans were achieved using a HAC pretreatment with a combined severity factor of 0.78. The HAC pretreatment resulted in a XOS-rich prehydrolyzate with a low molecular weight of 1.28 kDa. The endo-xylanase hydrolysis was conducted on the pretreatment liquor to elevate XOS yield and the content of higher-value X2-X3. Moreover, fermentable glucose production from the pretreated residue increased by 2.3 folds when introducing an additional step of PFI refining prior to enzymatic digestion. Properties of substrate including cellulose accessibility, crystallite size, crystalline index and water retention value were in close relationships with enzymatic digestibility. The implementation of proposed biorefinery process will give more insights into the efficient construction of a wood-derived sugar platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Lai C, Yang C, Jia Y, Xu X, Wang K, Yong Q. Lignin fractionation to realize the comprehensive elucidation of structure-inhibition relationship of lignins in enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127255. [PMID: 35526719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the relationship between lignin structures and their inhibitory effects in enzymatic saccharification would facilitate the development of lignocellulose biorefinery process. However, the heterogeneity of lignins challenges the elucidation of lignin structure-inhibition correlation. In this study, two types of lignin fractions including ethanol soluble lignins and ethanol insoluble lignins were respectively isolated from the poplars pretreated with various severities. The impacts of pretreatment severities on the structural changes of lignin fractions were studied from the perspective of inter-units linkages, condensed aromatic substructure, and hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, it was observed that lignin addition strongly inhibited the enzymatic saccharification of pure cellulose by 13.3 ∼ 56.3%. Lignin inhibition extents were increased with the elevated pretreatment severity. The relationships between the lignin structural features and lignin inhibition were analyzed, which revealed that the contents of condensed aromatic units and phenolic hydroxyl were crucial factors determining the lignin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Chundong Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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13
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Chen C, Qi K, Chi F, Song X, Feng Y, Cui Q, Liu YJ. Dissolved xylan inhibits cellulosome-based saccharification by binding to the key cellulosomal component of Clostridium thermocellum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:784-790. [PMID: 35351552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides derived from lignocellulose are promising sustainable carbon sources. Cellulosome is a supramolecular machine integrating multi-function enzymes for effective lignocellulose bio-saccharification. However, how various non-cellulose components of lignocellulose affect the cellulosomal saccharification is hitherto unclear. This study first investigated the stability and oxygen sensitivity of the cellulosome from Clostridium thermocellum during long-term saccharification process. Then, the differential inhibitory effects of non-cellulose components, including lignin, xylan, and arabinoxylan, on the cellulosome-based saccharification were determined. The results showed that lignin played inhibitory roles by non-productively adsorbing extracellular proteins of C. thermocellum. Differently, arabinoxylan preferred to bind with the cellulosomal components. Almost no adsorption of cellulosomal proteins on solid xylan was detected. Instead, xylan in water-dissolved form interacted with the cellulosomal proteins, especially the key exoglucanase Cel48S, leading to the xylan inhibitory effect. Compared to xylan, xylooligosaccharides influenced the cellulosome activity slightly. Hence, this work demonstrates that the timely hydrolysis or removal of dissolved xylan is important for cellulosome-based lignocellulose saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Kuan Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fang Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yingang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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14
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Fang L, Su Y, Wang P, Lai C, Huang C, Ling Z, Yong Q. Co-production of xylooligosaccharides and glucose from birch sawdust by hot water pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126795. [PMID: 35121099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A green method for co-production of value-added xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and glucose from birch was demonstrated using hot water pretreatment. Effects of pretreatment severity factor (Log R0) on XOS production and enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. At Log R0 of 4.05 (180 °C, 50 min), the maximum hydrolysis yield (80.8%) was obtained. At Log R0 of 3.91 (170 °C, 70 min), the maximum XOS yield (46.1%) was obtained, however the hydrolysis yield decreased to 70.3%. To achieve both the high XOS yield and high glucose output, Tween 80 addition (0.075 g/g cellulose) was employed, leading to an improvement in hydrolysis yield from 70.3% to 89.4%. From a mass balance perspective, 104.6 g of XOS and 372.9 g of glucose could be produced from 1000 g birch. These results demonstrated that birch sawdust is a promising lignocellulosic material for co-production of XOS and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Meng F, Li N, Yang H, Shi Z, Zhao P, Yang J. Investigation of hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid pretreatment to enhance the enzymatic digestibility of bamboo residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126162. [PMID: 34678451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo biomass was widely considered as a promising substitute for lignocellulose to produce fermentable sugars and biofuels in the south of China. When P. amarus were treated using hydrogen peroxide and acetic Acid pretreatment in the presence of sulphuric acid at 60 ℃ for 2 h, 82.63% lignin was removed from the bamboo residue, and enzymatic saccharification yield of 79.3% and ethanol content of 13.31 g/L were obtained. Analysis indicated that HPAC pretreatment increased the hydrophilic and porous nature of substrate, which can improve the enzyme accessibility to cellulose. When HPAC-pretreated D. sinicus, B. lapidea, N. affinis, andD. giganteus were used as the substrates of enzymatic saccharification, glucose yields of 71-84% at 72 h were achieved. HPAC pretreatment was a highly efficient and environmentally friendly method for bamboo biorefinery in the south of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyang Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Utilization of Forest Biomass Resources in Colleges and Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Utilization of Forest Biomass Resources in Colleges and Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Utilization of Forest Biomass Resources in Colleges and Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Utilization of Forest Biomass Resources in Colleges and Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China.
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16
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Sun C, Ren H, Sun F, Hu Y, Liu Q, Song G, Abdulkhani A, Loke Show P. Glycerol organosolv pretreatment can unlock lignocellulosic biomass for production of fermentable sugars: Present situation and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126264. [PMID: 34737053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The complex structure of lignocellulosic biomass forms the recalcitrance to prevent the embedded holo-cellulosic sugars from undergoing the biodegradation. Therefore, a pretreatment is often required for an efficient enzymatic lignocellulosic hydrolysis. Recently, glycerol organosolv (GO) pretreatment is revealed potent in selective deconstruction of various lignocellulosic biomass and effective improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis. Evidently, the GO pretreatment is capable to modify the structure of dissolved components by glycerolysis, i.e., by trans-glycosylation onto glyceryl glycosides and by hydroxylation grafting onto glyceryl lignin. Such modifications tend to protect these main components against excessive degradation, which can be mainly responsible for the obviously less fermentation inhibitors arising in the GO pretreatment. This pretreatment can provide opportunities for valorization of emerging lignocellulosic biorefinery with production of value-added biochemicals. Recent advances in GO pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass followed by enzymatic hydrolysis are reviewed, and perspectives are made for addressing remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiangqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guojie Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ali Abdulkhani
- Dept. of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
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17
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Xu X, Zhang D, Wang K, Jia Y, Yang C, Shen B, Lai C, Yong Q. In-situ lignin modification with polyethylene glycol-epoxides to boost enzymatic hydrolysis of combined-pretreated masson pine. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126315. [PMID: 34775053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acid pretreatment was insufficient to disrupt the recalcitrance derived from lignins in softwood, thus a lignin-targeting post-treatment was required. In this study, a combined acid and alkali pretreatment with polyethylene glycol-epoxides (PEG-epoxides) was developed on masson pine. Results showed although the combined pretreatment achieved a limited delignification, but a remarkably increment of 15.9-34.9% on hydrolysis yields was achieved. This was ascribed to the successful incorporation of hydrophilic PEG chains to residual lignins. Moreover, the improvement on enzymatic digestibility varied with the PEG chain lengths in modifiers. The underlying reasons for this improvement were primarily investigated by monitoring the lignin properties as well as water retention values variation after in-situ lignin modification by PEG-epoxides with varied molecular weights. It indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis improvement was mainly due to both reduced enzyme nonspecific adsorption and increased fiber swelling. Results will give new insights to resolve the challenge on softwood biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Daihui Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chundong Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Buzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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18
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Wang Y, Meng X, Tian Y, Kim KH, Jia L, Pu Y, Leem G, Kumar D, Eudes A, Ragauskas AJ, Yoo CG. Engineered Sorghum Bagasse Enables a Sustainable Biorefinery with p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5235-5244. [PMID: 34533890 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrating multidisciplinary research in plant genetic engineering and renewable deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can facilitate a sustainable and economic biorefinery. Herein, we leveraged a plant genetic engineering approach to specifically incorporate C6 C1 monomers into the lignin structure. By expressing the bacterial ubiC gene in sorghum, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PB)-rich lignin was incorporated into the plant cell wall while this monomer was completely absent in the lignin of the wild-type (WT) biomass. A DES was synthesized with choline chloride (ChCl) and PB and applied to the pretreatment of the PB-rich mutant biomass for a sustainable biorefinery. The release of fermentable sugars was significantly enhanced (∼190 % increase) compared to untreated biomass by the DES pretreatment. In particular, the glucose released from the pretreated mutant biomass was up to 12 % higher than that from the pretreated WT biomass. Lignin was effectively removed from the biomass with the preservation of more than half of the β-Ο-4 linkages without condensed aromatic structures. Hydrogenolysis of the fractionated lignin was conducted to demonstrate the potential of phenolic compound production. In addition, a simple hydrothermal treatment could selectively extract PB from the same engineered lignin, showing a possible circular biorefinery. These results suggest that the combination of PB-based DES and engineered PB-rich biomass is a promising strategy to achieve a sustainable closed-loop biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yang Tian
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02797, South Korea
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Linjing Jia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center of Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joint Institute for Biological Science Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Center of Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joint Institute for Biological Science Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Center of Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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19
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Su Y, Fang L, Wang P, Lai C, Huang C, Ling Z, Sun S, Yong Q. Efficient production of xylooligosaccharides rich in xylobiose and xylotriose from poplar by hydrothermal pretreatment coupled with post-enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125955. [PMID: 34547709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A promising approach for production of value-added xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from poplar was developed by combining hydrothermal pretreatment and endo-xylanase post-hydrolysis. Results showed that the 35.4% XOS (DP 2-6) and 17.6% low DP xylans (DP > 6) were obtained at the identified optimal condition (170 °C, 50 min) for hydrothermal pretreatment. Structural features of low DP xylans generated during the hydrothermal pretreatment were examined, revealing that low DP xylans are mainly comprised of 4-O-methylglucuronic xylan and are involved in lignin carbohydrate complexes. Moreover, higher pretreatment intensity promoted the cleavage of side-chain substituents including arabinose and glucuronic acid groups. The subsequent endo-xylanase hydrolysis of the pretreatment liquor hydrolyzed low DP xylans, contributing to a significant improvement in xylobiose and xylotriose proportions. This combined strategy resulted in a XOS with conversion yield of 44.6% containing 78.7% xylobiose and xylotriose starting from the initial xylan in raw poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Wu R, Liu W, Li L, Ren Q, Jiang C, Hou Q. Combination of hydrothermal and chemi-mechanical pretreatments to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar branches and insights on cellulase adsorption. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126024. [PMID: 34600090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An integration of different pretreatments is important to overcome recalcitrance and realize efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. This study aims at the effects of combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and different chemi-mechanical pretreatments on enzymatic hydrolysis, and understanding the enzymes adsorption mechanism. The combination of hydrothermal and chemi-mechanical pretreatments effectively improved the enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar substrates, in which the enzymatic hydrolysis of substrates pretreated by hydrothermal pretreatment + Fenton pretreatment + mechanical refining (HFM) was the highest (92.39% of glucose conversion yield, and 20.88 g/L of glucose concentration). The substrates' main characteristics were obviously changed after combined pretreatments, such as swelling ability and specific surface area of substrates were increased. The Langmuir adsorption model (R2 > 0.98) and pseudo second-order adsorption kinetic model (R2≈1) were well suitable to describe the adsorption of enzymes on substrates, meanwhile the adsorption mechanism was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Long Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chuang Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qingxi Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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21
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Shen B, Hou S, Jia Y, Yang C, Su Y, Ling Z, Huang C, Lai C, Yong Q. Synergistic effects of hydrothermal and deep eutectic solvent pretreatment on co-production of xylo-oligosaccharides and enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125787. [PMID: 34419877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Full utilization of lignocellulose is critical for its biorefinery development. In this study, a sustainable biorefinery process based upon poplar sawdust was established using sequential hydrothermal and deep eutectic solvent treatment (HP-DES). Results showed that single hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) could produce 53.2% xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) (based on raw xylan), while the enzymatic digestibility was low. Conversely, single DES treatment achieved effective enzymatic digestibility but low XOS yields. As compared to HP, both DES treatment and HP-DES showed high selectivity for lignin removal and high glucose yield. Surprisingly, most of HP-DES residues had obviously lower enzymatic digestibilities than those of single DES residues. This was mainly explained by the differences of the surface lignin contents between DES and HP-DES residues. Moreover, nearly complete enzymatic hydrolysis of HP-DES residues was achieved with the addition of bovine serum albumin. This work demonstrated this HP-DES yielded XOS, fermentable sugar, and pure lignin with high processibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Hou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundong Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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22
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Zhao X, Meng X, Ragauskas AJ, Lai C, Ling Z, Huang C, Yong Q. Unlocking the secret of lignin-enzyme interactions: Recent advances in developing state-of-the-art analytical techniques. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107830. [PMID: 34480987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioconversion of renewable lignocellulosics to produce liquid fuels and chemicals is one of the most effective ways to solve the problem of fossil resource shortage, energy security, and environmental challenges. Among the many biorefinery pathways, hydrolysis of lignocellulosics to fermentable monosaccharides by cellulase is arguably the most critical step of lignocellulose bioconversion. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, the direct physical contact between enzymes and cellulose is an essential prerequisite for the hydrolysis to occur. However, lignin is considered one of the most recalcitrant factors hindering the accessibility of cellulose by binding to cellulase unproductively, which reduces the saccharification rate and yield of sugars. This results in high costs for the saccharification of carbohydrates. The various interactions between enzymes and lignin have been explored from different perspectives in literature, and a basic lignin inhibition mechanism has been proposed. However, the exact interaction between lignin and enzyme as well as the recently reported promotion of some types of lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis is still unclear at the molecular level. Multiple analytical techniques have been developed, and fully unlocking the secret of lignin-enzyme interactions would require a continuous improvement of the currently available analytical techniques. This review summarizes the current commonly used advanced research analytical techniques for investigating the interaction between lignin and enzyme, including quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy (FLS), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Interdisciplinary integration of these analytical methods is pursued to provide new insight into the interactions between lignin and enzymes. This review will serve as a resource for future research seeking to develop new methodologies for a better understanding of the basic mechanism of lignin-enzyme binding during the critical hydrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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23
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Lin W, Yang J, Zheng Y, Huang C, Yong Q. Understanding the effects of different residual lignin fractions in acid-pretreated bamboo residues on its enzymatic digestibility. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:143. [PMID: 34162425 PMCID: PMC8220694 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the dilute acid pretreatment process, the resulting pseudo-lignin and lignin droplets deposited on the surface of lignocellulose and inhibit the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose in lignocellulose. However, how these lignins interact with cellulase enzymes and then affect enzymatic hydrolysis is still unknown. In this work, different fractions of surface lignin (SL) obtained from dilute acid-pretreated bamboo residues (DAP-BR) were extracted by various organic reagents and the residual lignin in extracted DAP-BR was obtained by the milled wood lignin (MWL) method. All of the lignin fractions obtained from DAP-BR were used to investigate the mechanism for interaction between lignin and cellulase using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology to understand how they affect enzymatic hydrolysis RESULTS: The results showed that removing surface lignin significantly decreased the yield for enzymatic hydrolysis DAP-BR from 36.5% to 18.6%. The addition of MWL samples to Avicel inhibited its enzymatic hydrolysis, while different SL samples showed slight increases in enzymatic digestibility. Due to the higher molecular weight and hydrophobicity of MWL samples versus SL samples, a stronger affinity for MWL (KD = 6.8-24.7 nM) was found versus that of SL (KD = 39.4-52.6 nM) by SPR analysis. The affinity constants of all tested lignins exhibited good correlations (r > 0.6) with the effects on enzymatic digestibility of extracted DAP-BR and Avicel. CONCLUSIONS This work revealed that the surface lignin on DAP-BR is necessary for maintaining enzyme digestibility levels, and its removal has a negative impact on substrate digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jinlai Yang
- China National Bamboo Research Center and Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yayue Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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24
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Chu Q, Tong W, Chen J, Wu S, Jin Y, Hu J, Song K. Organosolv pretreatment assisted by carbocation scavenger to mitigate surface barrier effect of lignin for improving biomass saccharification and utilization. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:136. [PMID: 34118969 PMCID: PMC8199801 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol organosolv (EOS) pretreatment is one of the most efficient methods for boosting biomass saccharification as it can achieve an efficient fractionation of three major constituents in lignocellulose. However, lignin repolymerization often occurs in acid EOS pretreatment, which impairs subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. This study investigated acid EOS pretreatment assisted by carbocation scavenger (2-naphthol, 2-naphthol-7-sulfonate, mannitol and syringic acid) to improve biomass fractionation, coproduction of fermentable sugars and lignin adsorbents. In addition, surface barrier effect of lignin on cellulose hydrolysis was isolated from unproductive binding effect of lignin, and the analyses of surface chemistry, surface morphology and surface area were carried out to reveal the lignin inhibition mitigating effect of various additives. RESULTS Four different additives all helped mitigate lignin inhibition on cellulose hydrolysis in particular diminishing surface barrier effect, among which 2-naphthol-7-sulfonate showed the best performance in improving pretreatment efficacy, while mannitol and syringic acid could serve as novel green additives. Through the addition of 2-naphthol-7-sulfonate, selective lignin removal was increased up to 76%, while cellulose hydrolysis yield was improved by 85%. As a result, 35.78 kg cellulose and 16.63 kg hemicellulose from 100 kg poplar could be released and recovered as fermentable sugars, corresponding to a sugar yield of 78%. Moreover, 22.56 kg ethanol organosolv lignin and 17.53 kg enzymatic hydrolysis residue could be recovered as lignin adsorbents for textile dye removal, with the adsorption capacities of 45.87 and 103.09 mg g-1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results in this work indicated proper additives could give rise to the form of less repolymerized surface lignin, which would decrease the unproductive binding of cellulase enzymes to surface lignin. Besides, the supplementation of additives (NS, MT and SA) resulted in a simultaneously increased surface area and decreased lignin coverage. All these factors contributed to the diminished surface barrier effect of lignin, thereby improving the ease of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The biorefinery process based on acidic EOS pretreatment assisted by carbocation scavenger was proved to enable the coproduction of fermentable sugars and lignin adsorbents, allowing the holistic utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for a sustainable biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulu Chu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wenyao Tong
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jianqiang Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kai Song
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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25
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Ying W, Xu Y, Zhang J. Effect of sulfuric acid on production of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides from hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid-pretreated poplar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124472. [PMID: 33307483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is one of the main obstacles for enzymatic hydrolysis, which can be selectively removed by hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid pretreatment (HPAC). In this work, the effects of sulfuric acid concentration on chemical composition, structural features, physical properties and enzymatic digestibility of HPAC pretreated poplar were investigated. The increased H2SO4 dosage enhanced the lignin removal of HPAC-pretreated poplar, resulting in the increased accessibility and decreased hydrophobicity. A satisfying glucose yield (91.84%) was obtained from HPAC pretreated poplar (100 mM H2SO4) at 5 FPU/g DM of cellulase loading with the addition of xylanase (30 U/g DM) and Tween 80 (3 g/L). The increment of H2SO4 concentration promoted the yield of xylooligosaccharides from 0.69% to 20.45% and monosaccharides from 5.76% to 92.89% respectively by two-step enzymatic hydrolysis. This work demonstrated that HPAC pretreatment played a critical role in efficient utilization of poplar carbohydrates by enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ying
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nothwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
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