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Sun Z, Yao D, Guo H, Zhu H, Hua W, Yuan Q, Zhang L, Fan Q, Yi B. Catalytic mechanism of N-containing biochar on volatile-biochar interaction for the same origin pyrolysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 336:117710. [PMID: 36921471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen, as a common element, is widely present in biomass. The effects of nitrogenous substances on the same origin pyrolysis of biomass and the consequences of N-containing biochar on the catalytic process of volatiles are important for further analyzing the pyrolysis mechanism of biomass. In this research, N-containing biochar was prepared under different conditions, and the interaction between N-containing biochar and biomass pyrolysis volatiles at 400-700 °C was studied. The results show that N-containing biochar can simultaneously participate in reactions as adsorbents, catalysts, and reactants. Its catalytic effect is obviously different for various N configurations. Pyridinic N and pyrrolic N can promote the cracking of lignin into methoxy phenol compounds and promote the further cracking of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Graphitic N and oxidized N can promote the further decomposition of phenol and the conversion of D-xylose into small-molecule ketones. In addition, oxidized N can also inhibit the cracking of lignin to produce guaiacol. In the long-term interaction, the highly active pyridinic N tends to convert to a more stable graphitic N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshuai Sun
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Dingding Yao
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Huang Guo
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Haodong Zhu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wenbin Hua
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Qiaoxia Yuan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Liqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Qizhou Fan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Baojun Yi
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Pagano M, Hernando H, Cueto J, Moreno I, Serrano DP. Autocatalytic properties of biochar during lignocellulose pyrolysis probed using a continuous reaction system. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Value-Added Products from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Waste Plastics over Biochar-Based Catalyst: A State-of-the-Art Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As the only renewable carbon resource on Earth, lignocellulosic biomass is abundant in reserves and has the advantages of environmental friendliness, low price, and easy availability. The pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass can generate solid biochar with a large specific surface area, well-developed pores, and plentiful surface functional groups. Therefore, it can be considered as a catalyst for upgrading the other two products, syngas and liquid bio-oil, from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis, which has the potential to be an alternative to some non-renewable and expensive conventional catalysts. In addition, as another carbon resource, waste plastics can also use biochar-based catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis to solve the problem of accumulation and produce fuels simultaneously. This review systematically introduces the formation mechanism of biochar from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis. Subsequently, the activation and modification methods of biochar catalysts, including physical activation, chemical activation, metal modification, and nonmetallic modification, are summarized. Finally, the application of biochar-based catalysts for lignocellulosic biomass and waste plastics pyrolysis is discussed in detail and the catalytic mechanism of biochar-based catalysts is also investigated.
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Luo J, Gong G, Cui C, Sun S, Lin J, Ma R, Sun J. Microwave-Induced One-Pot Preparation of Bifunctional N-Fe/BC Catalysts and Oriented Production of Phenol-Enriched Bio-Oil from Biomass Pyrolysis: Catalyst Synthesis, Performance Evaluation, and Mechanism Insight via Theoretical Calculations. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guojin Gong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongwei Cui
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shichang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhao Lin
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaman Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
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Ma C, Zhang F, Liu H, Wang H, Hu J. Thermogravimetric pyrolysis kinetics study of tobacco stem via multicomponent kinetic modeling, Asym2sig deconvolution and combined kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127539. [PMID: 35777640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco stems (TS) are tobacco residues produced, whereby the assessment of the pyrolysis kinetics of TS is critical to realize high-value utilization of agricultural residues. Firstly, a thermogravimetric analyzer was employed to perform the non-isothermal pyrolysis of TS at various heating rates. Then, the deconvolution function by Asym2sig showed that the pyrolysis of TS can be accurately modeled for three parallel decomposition fractions. Furthermore, the pyrolysis product was analyzed using fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The results showed that the average activation energy evaluated by the isoconversion methods exhibited the highest average activation energy of 191.762 kJ·mol-1 for lignin (LG), followed by 189.268 kJ·mol-1 for cellulose (CL) and then 176.357 kJ·mol-1 for hemicellulose (HC). Based on the experimental results, the pre-exponential factors and reaction models for HC, CL and LG were also calculated and developed separately. From thermodynamic standpoint, raw materials for bioenergy generation can be derived from TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Ma
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China; Kunming Metallurgy College, 650033 Kunming, PR China
| | - Huili Liu
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Jianhang Hu
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China.
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6
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Kang K, Nanda S, Hu Y. Current trends in biochar application for catalytic conversion of biomass to biofuels. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Chen F, Zhang F, Yang S, Liu H, Wang H, Hu J. Investigation of non-isothermal pyrolysis kinetics of waste industrial hemp stem by three-parallel-reaction model. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126402. [PMID: 34826563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of pyrolysis kinetics for waste industrial hemp stem (IHS) is essential to achieve the high-value utilization of agricultural waste. In present study, firstly, non-isothermal pyrolysis experiments of IHS were performed at different heating rates using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Then, the kinetic triplets (apparent activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and reaction mechanism) of the three pseudo components for IHS (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) were determined by a three-parallel-reaction model. Moreover, the pyrolysis products were also characterized via FTIR and SEM. The results showed that the apparent activation energies of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were 86.523, 113.257 and 197.961 kJ/mol, respectively; the pre-exponential factors were 6.887 × 107, 8.179 × 109 and 1.801 × 1015 s-1, respectively; and the reaction mechanism functions were f(α) = α1.35629(1-α)0.34832[-ln(1-α)]-1.20128, f(α) = α3.42900(1-α)0.01288[-ln(1-α)]-2.84445, f(α) = α0.68738(1-α)3.09313[-ln(1-α)]-1.58522, respectively. The release temperature for volatile products of IHS pyrolysis was mainly between 440 and 840 K. IHS as an agricultural waste is a suitable feedstock to produce renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Chen
- Engineering Research of Metallurgy Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Engineering Research of Metallurgy Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China; Kunming Metallurgy College, 650033 Kunming, PR China
| | - Shiliang Yang
- Engineering Research of Metallurgy Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Huili Liu
- Engineering Research of Metallurgy Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research of Metallurgy Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Jianhang Hu
- Engineering Research of Metallurgy Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, PR China.
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Gupta S, Lanjewar R, Mondal P. Enhancement of hydrocarbons and phenols in catalytic pyrolysis bio-oil by employing aluminum hydroxide nanoparticle based spent adsorbent derived catalysts. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132220. [PMID: 34543895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of metal loaded spent adsorbent as catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of pine needle biomass. Metal active sites (Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mo) were introduced in alumina matrix by wet impregnation process. Non-catalytic and catalytic semi-batch pyrolysis study was carried out at conditions: 550 °C temperature, 50 °C min-1 heating rate and 200 mL min-1 N2 flow rate. Results indicated significant deoxygenation potential 3.33-35.57% of the applied catalysts towards oxygenated compounds by converting them into their corresponding hydrocarbon (27.70-36.41%) and phenolic (40.41-46.04%) derivatives. Among all the catalysts, Ni/Al and Fe/Al produced the highest quality bio-oil by enriching their carbon content to 62.93 and 60.14% and heating value to 31.41 and 26.86 MJ kg-1, respectively. Moreover, significant enhancement in their hydrocarbons (36.41 and 36.01% for Ni/Al and Fe/Al, respectively) and phenolic compounds (46.04 and 41.67% for Ni/Al and Fe/Al, respectively) from 9.15% hydrocarbons and 13.32% phenols in non-catalytic bio-oil had also been observed. Presence of CO and CO2 in the evolved gases also represented the occurrence of deoxygenation reactions during catalytic breakdown. Hydrocarbon and phenol-rich bio-oil can find its application either as a replacement for petroleum fuel or an industrial-grade chemical. Thus, catalysts derived from spent aluminum hydroxide nanoparticle adsorbent can act as an effective substitute for the currently utilized high-cost catalysts in catalytic pyrolysis of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhi Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Rahul Lanjewar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Prasenjit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Wang C, Lei H, Zou R, Qian M, Mateo W, Lin X, Ruan R. Biochar-driven simplification of the compositions of cellulose-pyrolysis-derived biocrude oil coupled with the promotion of hydrogen generation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 334:125251. [PMID: 33990021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The corn stover originated biochar was developed to catalyze and simplify the compositions of biocrude oil from cellulose pyrolysis. The generation of common species such as furans and (anhydro)-sugars in the biocrude oil from cellulose pyrolysis was weakened remarkably in the presence of biochars, while the formation of phenol and alkylphenols was enhanced. The formation of hydrogen was favored when the biochar was presented. For example at the temperature of 600 °C and biochar to cellulose ratio of 3, about 78 vol% of hydrogen was detected, increased from around 48 vol% for non-catalytic pyrolysis. Despite 10 cycles of reuse, the biochar remained a good activity towards promoting the generation of hydrogen and monomeric phenols. This work relates to a new access to simplify the compositions of biocrude oil and produce renewable hydrogen energy through the low-cost, simple, and highly stable biochar catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Rongge Zou
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Moriko Qian
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Wendy Mateo
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Xiaona Lin
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA; School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Wang C, Lei H, Kong X, Zou R, Qian M, Zhao Y, Mateo W. Catalytic upcycling of waste plastics over nanocellulose derived biochar catalyst for the coupling harvest of hydrogen and liquid fuels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146463. [PMID: 34030226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A powerful simple biochar catalyst derived from nanocellulose was applied to the catalytic upcycling of waste plastics into H2 and liquid fuels for the first time. For the results from model low-density polyethylene (LDPE) pyrolysis, the C8-C16 aliphatics and monocyclic aromatics were dominant constitutes of the liquid product with the yields ranging from 22 to 68 wt%. At the temperature of 500 °C and biochar to LDPE ratio surpassing 3, the LDPE could be completely degraded into liquid and gas without wax production. A wax yield of 16 wt% was observed at the temperature of 450 °C and biochar to LDPE ratio of 4, which was dramatically lower than that (77 wt%) from the absence of biochar at the temperature of 500 °C. Up to 92 vol% of H2 was detected in the gaseous product with a yield of 36 wt%. The lower temperatures and higher biochar to LDPE ratios favored increasing the generation of H2 at the expense of light gas CnHm especially CH4. Moreover, this biochar catalyst was tested effectively to convert the real waste plastics including grocery bags and packaging tray into valuable liquid and H2-enriched gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA.
| | - Xiao Kong
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Rongge Zou
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Moriko Qian
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Wendy Mateo
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
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