1
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Sanduang J, Fukuda S, Saritpongteeraka K, Chaiprapat S. Investigating fouling deposition during combustion of hydrothermally treated palm empty fruit Bunch: Pilot-Scale study for industrial hydrothermal reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:130969. [PMID: 38879052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic elements in palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) are problematic in boiler operation, causing slagging and fouling deposits. The first pilot-scale hydrothermal treatment (HTT) system was commenced in a palm oil mill to remove undesirable elements. Fuel properties, combustion behavior, and fouling deposition of HTT-EFB were investigated. Liquid temperatures and treatment times in the HTT system significantly altered EFB-fuel properties. At ≥ 60 °C, potassium removals of at least 78 % were achieved, generating EFB-fuel containing potassium below 0.5 %wt. Later, a series of EFB combustion experiments were conducted in a specially designed fixed-bed reactor to simulate the tube surface of industrial boilers. Fouling deposition from HTT-EFB combustion reduced to below half of untreated EFB at all HTT conditions and combustion temperatures studied. The deposit-to-fuel ratio of HTT-EFB combusted at 1,000 °C was 37.3 % lower than untreated EFB combusted at a typical EFB boiler at 800 °C. Results demonstrated great potential for HTT-EFB in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaggapan Sanduang
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment, Ministry of Higher-Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand
| | - Suneerat Fukuda
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment, Ministry of Higher-Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand.
| | | | - Sumate Chaiprapat
- PSU Energy Systems Research Institute (PERIN), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
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2
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Wang L, Yin G, Chang Y, Qiao S. Carbon-rich and low-ash hydrochar formation from sewage sludge by alkali-thermal hydrolysis coupled with acid-assisted hydrothermal carbonization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:182-195. [PMID: 38330514 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The production of carbon-rich and low-ash hydrochar from sewage sludge is attracting interest due to its great application prospect in high value-added carbon materials fields, but which is impossible through direct hydrothermal carbonization. In this study, alkali-thermal hydrolysis followed by acid-assisted hydrothermal carbonization was thus proposed. Thermal hydrolysis at strong alkaline environment was more effective than acid one to promote the dissolution of organic matters and restrain the release of inorganic matters from sludge, which created a favorable condition for hydrochar formation in a carbon-rich and low-ash way. Alkali-thermal hydrolysis began to show a positive effect on the dissolution of organics in sludge when temperature exceeded the threshold of 90 °C, and an increase of 9.77 % was found at 150 °C when compared to 30 °C. Acid-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of alkali-thermal hydrolysate (ATH) at pH 1.0 strongly promoted condensation polymerization of dissolved organics to form hydrochar and meanwhile inhibited introduction of dissolved inorganics. The nanosized microparticulate hydrochar derived from ATH-30 had a carbon and ash content of 50.98-61.31 % and 10.76-12.09 %, while the micro-sized microspheric hydrochar with multiple deposition layers formed from ATH-150 showed a better performance in carbon-rich and low-ash aspect where a carbon and ash content of 58.24-70.07 % and 0.40-3.24 % was realized, both of which were obviously superior to the direct hydrochar (carbon 34.86 % and ash 46.11 %). The condensation of dissolved organics during alkali-thermal hydrolysis stage is important to the carbonization degree of hydrochar. This study provides a new perspective in sludge disposal and production of advanced carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Gaotian Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuzhi Chang
- Environmental Monitoring Center, Jining Ecology and Environment Sub-bureau, Ulanqab 012000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shiliang Qiao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
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3
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Wang Z, Huang J, Wang J, Hu Z, Xu M, Qiao Y. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of sludge and food waste for hydrochar valorization: Effect of mutual interaction on sulfur transformation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167318. [PMID: 37742985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Co-hydrothermal carbonization of sludge and food waste is a promising method for hydrochar valorization. The sulfur content and form of hydrochar are the key parameters that determine its further utilization. However, the effect of the chemical composition of food waste on sulfur redistribution remains unknown. Herein, the sulfur transformation behavior during the co-hydrothermal carbonization of sludge and model compounds (cellulose, starch, xylan, and palmitic acid) of food waste was investigated, with focus on the detailed reaction pathways from inorganic-S/organic-S media in aqueous to hydrochar. The added model compounds, particularly the starch and xylan, increased the sulfur retention ratio from 41.0 to 44.7- 49.2 % in hydrochar. Among them, starch and xylan can react with aliphatic-S in aqueous via cyclization and oxidization to form the thiophene-S/aromatic-S and sulfone-S and can react with SO42--S to form sulfone-S via sulfonate reaction. These formed organic-S can polymerize with hydrolyzed intermediates (i.e., 5 hydroxymethyl-furfural, glucose, and xylose) from model compounds to transform into hydrochar. Cellulose enhanced the formation of sulfone-S in hydrochar via the reactions between the water-insoluble partial hydrolysate and SO42- in the aqueous. Additionally, palmitic acid hydrolysate provided an acidic environment that facilitated the polymerization of thiophene-S/aromatic-S from aqueous to hydrochar. Generally, the chemical composition of food waste largely affects the redistribution behavior of sulfur during co-hydrothermal carbonization, and this occurs primarily due to the differences in the hydrolysate and degree of hydrolysis for various model compounds. The results can provide guidance for preparing sludge-based hydrochar possessing different sulfur content and species, that can be used as clean fuel or carbon material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingchun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Junwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Minghou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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4
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Wu S, Wang Q, Fang M, Wu D, Cui D, Pan S, Bai J, Xu F, Wang Z. Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for sustainable biofuel production: Advancements, challenges, and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165327. [PMID: 37419347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards, food waste (FW) has become one of the most important organic solid wastes worldwide. Owing to the high moisture content of FW, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology that can directly utilize the moisture in FW as the reaction medium, is widely used. Under mild reaction conditions and short treatment cycle, this technology can effectively and stably convert high-moisture FW into environmentally friendly hydrochar fuel. In view of the importance of this topic, this study comprehensively reviews the research progress of HTC of FW for biofuel synthesis, and critically summarizes the process parameters, carbonization mechanism, and clean applications. Physicochemical properties and micromorphological evolution of hydrochar, hydrothermal chemical reactions of each model component, and potential risks of hydrochar as a fuel are highlighted. Furthermore, carbonization mechanism of the HTC treatment process of FW and the granulation mechanism of hydrochar are systematically reviewed. Finally, potential risks and knowledge gaps in the synthesis of hydrochar from FW are presented and new coupling technologies are pointed out, highlighting the challenges and prospects of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Minghui Fang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Dongyang Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Da Cui
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Shuo Pan
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jingru Bai
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Faxing Xu
- Jilin Dongfei Solid Waste Research Institute, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China; Jilin Feite Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhenye Wang
- Jilin Dongfei Solid Waste Research Institute, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China; Jilin Feite Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China
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5
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Djandja OS, Liew RK, Liu C, Liang J, Yuan H, He W, Feng Y, Lougou BG, Duan PG, Lu X, Kang S. Catalytic hydrothermal carbonization of wet organic solid waste: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162119. [PMID: 36773913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization has gained attention in converting wet organic solid waste into hydrochar with many applications such as solid fuel, energy storage material precursor, fertilizer or soil conditioner. Recently, various catalysts such as organic and inorganic catalysts are employed to guide the properties of the hydrochar. This review presents a summarize and a critical discussion on types of catalysts, process parameters and catalytic mechanisms. The catalytic impact of carboxylic acids is related to their acidity level and the number of carboxylic groups. The catalysis level with strong mineral acids is likely related to the number of hydronium ions liberated from their hydrolysis. The impact of inorganic salts is determined by the Lewis acidity of the cation. The metallic ions in metallic salts may incorporate into the hydrochar and increase the ash of the hydrochar. The selection of catalysts for various applications of hydrochars and the environmental and the techno-economic aspects of the process are also presented. Although some catalysts might enhance the characteristics of hydrochar for various applications, these catalysts may also result in considerable carbon loss, particularly in the case of organic acid catalysts, which may potentially ruin the overall advantage of the process. Overall, depending on the expected application of the hydrochar, the type of catalyst and the amount of catalyst loading requires careful consideration. Some recommendations are made for future investigations to improve laboratory-scale process comprehension and understanding of pathways as well as to encourage widespread industrial adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oraléou Sangué Djandja
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P. O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rock Keey Liew
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Second Floor, Macalister Road, 10400 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Haojun Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Weixin He
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Bachirou Guene Lougou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Pei-Gao Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Shimin Kang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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6
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Yahav Spitzer R, Belete YZ, Johnson HA, Kolusheva S, Mau V, Gross A. Hydrothermal carbonization reaction severity as an indicator of human-excreta-derived hydrochar properties and it's combustion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162176. [PMID: 36775163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an emerging technology that may potentially address sanitation problems and energy scarcity. However, the significance of the parameters that govern HTC (e.g., temperature and time) is not fully understood, in particular for human excreta. A simplified coalification model was used to describe the 'strength' of thermal reactions by combining temperature and time into a single parameter, the severity factor. This study is the first to assess the extent to which a severity coalification model can predict the properties of human-excreta-derived hydrochar for a given severity with different combinations of reaction time and temperature. HTC experiments with raw human excreta were undertaken with 50 mL batch reactors at five different severities. Severity was established with different combinations of temperature (180 °C, 210 °C, and 240 °C) and reaction time based on the severity-factor equation. The resulting hydrochars were tested for combustion properties, and the respective gas emission as well as, physicochemical and surface area parameters. Significant correlations were found between severity and yield (R2 = 0.88), carbon content (R2 = 0.85), and calorific value (R2 = 0.90), with the properties being similar for a given severity but varying with different severities. Hydrochar's contact angle increased from 53.1° to 81.3° with increasing SF, while surface area remained low, ranging from <1 to 5.1 m2g-1, with no definite correlation to SF. Combustion profiles for a given severity were generally similar, but the ignition, peak, and burnout temperatures differed between severities. Gram-Schmidt curves indicated that gas emission profiles are similar for a given severity but vary with different severities. The main gases emitted in combustion were virtually identical in all treatments, and included CO2, alkenes (C9, C10), CH4, and H2O. It is concluded that many properties of hydrochar can be inferred from the severity factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Yahav Spitzer
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Yonas Zeslase Belete
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Hunter A Johnson
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Vivian Mau
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Amit Gross
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker campus, 84990, Israel.
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7
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Ji R, Zhou Y, Cai J, Chu K, Zeng Y, Cheng H. Release characteristics of hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter: Effects of hydrothermal temperature and environmental conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 321:138138. [PMID: 36791817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Much research has been done on the preparation and application of hydrochars, but research on the release characteristics of hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter (HDOM) is very limited; clarifying the release characteristics of HDOM is important for understanding and adjusting the environmental behaviour of hydrochar. Herein, the potential release of HDOM from rice straw-derived hydrochars prepared at different hydrothermal temperatures was investigated under various potential environmental conditions for the first time. The total release quantity and humification degree of HDOM decreased with increasing hydrothermal temperature. The critical dividing line for various hydrothermal reactions, decomposition and polymerization, was in the range of 240 °C-260 °C. Alkaline condition increased the HDOM release amount (up to 299 mg g-1), molecular weight (as high as 423 Da) and molecular diversity (8857 compounds) from rice straw-derived hydrochars. The unique substances of HDOM released under alkaline condition were mainly distributed in lipids-like substances, CRAM/lignins-like substances, aromatic structures, and tannins-like substances, while few unique substances were found under acidic condition. Additionally, CRAM/lignins-like substances were the most abundant in all HDOM samples, reaching 82%, which were relatively stable and could achieve carbon sequestration in different environments. The findings provided a new insight on understanding the potential environment behaviors of hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongting Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Jinbang Cai
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Kejian Chu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, PR China.
| | - Hu Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China.
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8
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Wang Z, Lu N, Cao X, Li Q, Gong S, Lu P, Zhu K, Guan J, Feike T. Interactions between Cr(VI) and the hydrochar: The electron transfer routes, adsorption mechanisms, and the accelerating effects of wood vinegar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160957. [PMID: 36528950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of the low-valued invasive plant biomass into high-grade carbonaceous materials may provide a novel strategy to tackle the global issues of climate changes and exotic plant invasion. In this study, the hydrochar was fabricated from the biomass of Eupatorium adenophorum spreng. via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process to remove Cr(VI). The adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics were investigated via batch experiments, and the electron transfer routes and adsorption mechanisms were further revealed based on systematic characterization. The adsorption isotherms were well fitted by the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption amount of 7.76 mg/g. The adsorption was spontaneous, and the surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion may be the speed-limiting steps. Both -OH group and furan structures may donate the electrons to reduce Cr(VI), and the adsorption was governed by the surface complexation with the oxygen-containing functional groups including hydroxyl and carboxyl. Furthermore, the wood vinegar, as the by-product, can significantly accelerate the reduction rate of Cr(VI). Thus, this study provided a new strategy to fabricate carbonaceous materials which may facilitate to boost the carbon neutrality and control of invasive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Wang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Nan Lu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Xu Cao
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Qingzi Li
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shangyu Gong
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Ping Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ke Zhu
- School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Fengming Road 1000, 250000, PR China
| | - Jiunian Guan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Til Feike
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Inst. for Strategies and Technology Assessment, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany
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Mondal PP, Galodha A, Verma VK, Singh V, Show PL, Awasthi MK, Lall B, Anees S, Pollmann K, Jain R. Review on machine learning-based bioprocess optimization, monitoring, and control systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128523. [PMID: 36565820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Machine Learning is quickly becoming an impending game changer for transforming big data thrust from the bioprocessing industry into actionable output. However, the complex data set from bioprocess, lagging cyber-integrated sensor system, and issues with storage scalability limit machine learning real-time application. Hence, it is imperative to know the state of technology to address prevailing issues. This review first gives an insight into the basic understanding of the machine learning domain and discusses its complexities for more comprehensive applications. Followed by an outline of how relevant machine learning models are for statistical and logical analysis of the enormous datasets generated to control bioprocess operations. Then this review critically discusses the current knowledge, its limitations, and future aspects in different subfields of the bioprocessing industry. Further, this review discusses the prospects of adopting a hybrid method to dovetail different modeling strategies, cyber-networking, and integrated sensors to develop new digital biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Mondal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Abhinav Galodha
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Verma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Brejesh Lall
- Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sanya Anees
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Bongora, Guwahati 781015, India
| | - Katrin Pollmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmhholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rohan Jain
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmhholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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10
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N-doped activated carbon as support of Pd-Sn bimetallic catalysts for nitrate catalytic reduction. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Hydrothermal Conversion of Food Waste to Carbonaceous Solid Fuel-A Review of Recent Developments. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244036. [PMID: 36553775 PMCID: PMC9778180 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review critically discussed recent developments in hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of food waste and its valorization to solid fuel. Food waste properties and fundamentals of the HTC reactor were also covered. The review further discussed the effect of temperature, contact time, pressure, water-biomass ratio, and heating rate on the HTC of food waste on the physiochemical properties of hydrochar. Literature review of the properties of the hydrochar produced from food waste in different studies shows that it possesses elemental, proximate, and energy properties that are comparable to sub-bituminous coal and may be used directly as fuel or co-combusted with coal. This work conclusively identified the existing research gaps and provided recommendation for future investigations.
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Xu Y, Wang B, Ding S, Zhao M, Ji Y, Xie W, Feng Z, Feng Y. Hydrothermal carbonization of kitchen waste: An analysis of solid and aqueous products and the application of hydrochar to paddy soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157953. [PMID: 35963404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology can potentially be used to safely and sustainably utilize kitchen waste (KW). However, the characteristics of HTC solid products (hydrochar) and aqueous products (HAP) based on different types of KW have not yet been clarified. Here, four types of KW, cellulose-based (CL), skeleton-based (SK), protein-based (PT), and starch-based (ST) KW, were used for HTC at 180 °C, 220 °C, and 260 °C. The basic physicochemical properties and structures of hydrochars and HAP were analyzed, and the effects of different hydrochars on rice growth were characterized. HTC decreased the H/C and O/C of KW. All hydrochars were acidic (3.12 to 6.78) and the pH values increased with the HTC temperature, while high HTC temperature reduced the porosity of hydrochars. HTC promoted the enrichment of total carbon (up to 78.1 %), total nitrogen (up to 62.6 %), and total phosphorus (up to 171.6 %) in KW. More carbon (60.7-88.0 %) and nitrogen (up to 87.4 %) were present in the hydrochars than in the HAP. The relative content of C1s increased and O1s decreased in CL and ST hydrochars as the HTC temperature increased, while the opposite pattern was observed for SK and PT hydrochars. The dissolved organic matter (DOM) of different hydrochars and HAP were mainly humus-like substances. The biodegradability of the DOM in HAP was often higher than the corresponding hydrochar, and their DOM biodegradability increased with the HTC temperature. The content of heavy metals from different hydrochars did not exceed the relevant thresholds of fertilizer standards. Rice grain yield increased by 3.7-11.1 % in the hydrochar treatments without phosphate fertilizer addition compared with the control treatment. The results of this study provide new theoretical and empirical insights into the potential for HTC technology to be used for the recycling of KW and its products in the agricultural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Xu
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shudong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Mengying Zhao
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Wenping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
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Wang Q, Wu S, Cui D, Zhou H, Wu D, Pan S, Xu F, Wang Z. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of organic solid wastes to hydrochar as potential fuel: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158034. [PMID: 35970457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The organic solid waste (OSW) is a potential resource that loses its original value in people's daily production process. It can be used for secondary energy utilization through hydrothermal technology, which is similar to artificially simulating the natural coalification process. Co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) is a promising thermochemical conversion pathway, and advanced mechanisms can eliminate the drawbacks of single-feedstock hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). The preparation and production process of hydrochar can solve the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution. This paper comprehensively reviews the key mechanisms of co-HTC to prepare solid fuels, and reviews the development process and practical application of hydrothermal technology. To begin with, the physical and chemical properties and combustion performance of co-hydrochar depend on the production method, process parameters, and selection of raw materials. The co-hydrochar usually has a higher HHV and a low atomic ratio of H/C and O/C, which improves combustion performance. Subsequently, the transformation path of the hydrothermal process of lignocellulosic and protein OSW was comprehensively expounded, and the reaction mechanism of the co-HTC of the two OSWs was effectively proposed. The effect of the ratio of different raw materials on the synergistic effect of co-HTC was also analyzed. Furthermore, the typical advantages and disadvantages of environmental safety, technical economy, and practical application in the co-HTC process are expounded. All in all, this review provides some foundations and new directions for the co-HTC of OSWs to prepare potential fuel. In addition, several prospects for the development and integrated application of co-HTC are presented in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China.
| | - Shuang Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Da Cui
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Dongyang Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Shuo Pan
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Faxing Xu
- Jilin Dongfei Solid Waste Research Institute, Jilin 132200, PR China; Jilin Feite Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Jilin 132200, PR China
| | - Zhenye Wang
- Jilin Dongfei Solid Waste Research Institute, Jilin 132200, PR China; Jilin Feite Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Jilin 132200, PR China
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Zeng M, Ge Z, Ma Y, Zha Z, Wu Y, Zhang H. (Co-)gasification characteristics and synergistic effect of hydrothermal carbonized solid/liquid products derived from fresh kitchen waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 154:74-83. [PMID: 36209720 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Kitchen waste has high moisture and rich organics, which can be transformed into hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and then used for gasification efficiently. But process water (liquid product from HTC, containing organic compounds) has not been well utilized in the way of thermochemistry. In this study, a scheme of co-gasification of solid and liquid products of kitchen waste HTC process was proposed, and the separate gasification and co-gasification were studied. The results showed that after HTC process, the obtained hydrochar size became smaller and uniform, and the high heating value increased from 19.90 MJ/kg to 28.03 MJ/kg. The carbon skeleton of hydrochar was mainly composed of aromatic and alkyl C, which was easily converted into coke during gasification. Process water mainly contained pyrazine organics, and its C and N content were 18.94 g/L and 3.25 g/L, respectively. The co-gasification syngas yield of solid and liquid products was significantly higher than the calculated total yield of separate gasification. There was obvious synergistic effect in the coke co-gasification stage, and the H2 production was 1.24 times of the calculated value. Synergistic effect was mainly caused by the introduction of process water, which contained 785.82 mg/L of K and would catalyze the coke co-gasification. HTC coupled with co-gasification is an efficient disposal for kitchen waste with high moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxun Zeng
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Zefeng Ge
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yuna Ma
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Zhenting Zha
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
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Gruber Z, Toth AJ, Menyhárd A, Mizsey P, Owsianiak M, Fozer D. Improving green hydrogen production from Chlorella vulgaris via formic acid-mediated hydrothermal carbonisation and neural network modelling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128071. [PMID: 36257525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the formic acid-mediated hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) of microalgae biomass to enhance green hydrogen production. The effects of combined severity factor (CSF) and feedstock-to-suspension ratio (FSR) are examined on HTC gas formation, hydrochar yield and quality, and composition of the liquid phase. The hydrothermal conversion of Chlorella vulgaris was investigated in a CSF and FSR range of -2.529 and 2.943; and 5.0 wt.% - 25.0 wt.%. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed based on experimental data to model and analyse the HTC process. The results show that green hydrogen formation can be increased up to 3.04 mol kg-1 by applying CSF 2.433 and 12.5 wt.% FSR reaction conditions. The developed ANN model (BR-2-11-9-11) describes the hydrothermal process with high testing and training performance (MSEz = 1.71E-06 & 1.40E-06) and accuracy (R2 = 0.9974 & R2 = 0.9781). The enhanced H2 yield indicates an effective alternative green hydrogen production scenario at low temperatures using high-moisture-containing biomass feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Gruber
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Jozsef Toth
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alfréd Menyhárd
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3. H. ép. I, Hungary
| | - Peter Mizsey
- Department of Fine Chemicals and Environmental Technology, University of Miskolc, Egyetem út, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Mikołaj Owsianiak
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 424, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel Fozer
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 424, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Son Le H, Chen WH, Forruque Ahmed S, Said Z, Rafa N, Tuan Le A, Ağbulut Ü, Veza I, Phuong Nguyen X, Quang Duong X, Huang Z, Hoang AT. Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste as sustainable energy conversion path. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127958. [PMID: 36113822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Every day, a large amount of food waste (FW) is released into the environment, causing financial loss and unpredictable consequences in the world, highlighting the urgency of finding a suitable approach to treating FW. As moisture content makes up 75% of the FW, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a beneficial process for the treatment of FW since it does not require extensive drying. Moreover, the process is considered favorable for carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change in comparison with other processes because the majority of the carbon in FW is integrated into hydrochar. In this work, the reaction mechanism and factors affecting the HTC of FW are scrutinized. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of products after the HTC of FW are critically presented. In general, HTC of FW is considered a promising approach aiming to attain simultaneously-two core benefits on economy and energy in the sustainable development strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Son Le
- Faculty of Automotive Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Shams Forruque Ahmed
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Zafar Said
- Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P. O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazifa Rafa
- Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, Trinity Ln, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Anh Tuan Le
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ümit Ağbulut
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Türkiye
| | - Ibham Veza
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Xuan Phuong Nguyen
- PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Quang Duong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vietnam Maritime University, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Zuohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
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17
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Qiu G, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Xu J, Guo S, Guo F, Wu J. Construction of N, O Codoped Petal-like Hierarchical Porous Carbon with an Ultrahigh Specific Surface from Waste Bamboo for High-Performance Supercapacitors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
| | - Yang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
| | - Sixi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
| | - Fanhui Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou221116, China
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Karatas O, Khataee A, Kalderis D. Recent progress on the phytotoxic effects of hydrochars and toxicity reduction approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134357. [PMID: 35313162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization of wet biomasses has been known to produce added-value materials for a wide range of applications. From catalyst substrates, to biofuels and soil amendments, hydrochars have distinct advantages to offer compared to conventional materials. With respect to the agricultural application of hydrochars, both positive and negative results have been reported. The presence of N, P and K in certain hydrochars is appealing and may contribute to the reduction of chemical fertilizer application. However, regardless of biomass, hydrothermal carbonization results in the production of phytotoxic organic compounds. Additionally, hydrochars from sewage sludge often contain heavy metal concentrations which exceed the regulatory limits set for agricultural use. This review critically discusses the phytotoxic aspects of hydrochar and provides an account of the substances commonly responsible for these. Furthermore, phytotoxicity reduction approaches are proposed and compared with each other, in view of field-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Karatas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, 16310, Turkey
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Turkey; Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, Crete, 73100, Greece.
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Use of Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Thermal Power Plants in Chile: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14138041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization makes it possible to transform lignocellulosic biomass into hydrochar, a carbon-rich material that can be used as fuel. Hydrochar has less calorific value than standard coal but generates less ashes during combustion. This study is a pre-feasibility analysis carried out to evaluate technically-economically and environmentally the use of hydrochar as fuel or co-fuel in thermal power plants in Chile. Until now there are no reports about it. The proposal of this work was to study the replacement of coal with a fuel that uses the same equipment and processes in power generation but with less air emission and with an economically profitable change. The results suggest that a plant with a supply of 104 t/h of bituminous coal could be replaced between 18 and 37 t/h of hydrochar, with a reduction of 8 and 27% in NOx and SO2 emissions, a reduction in 7 to 24% in ashes and a marginal increase in CO2 emission. The proposed use of hydrochar was economically profitable, with internal rates of return of up to 40% and with cash flows that reached USD 22 million.
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Nzediegwu C, Naeth MA, Chang SX. Effects of nitric acid modification on hydrochar's combustion, fuel and thermal properties are dependent on feedstock type. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127245. [PMID: 35489572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elevated metal (e.g., alkali metals) and ash contents can negatively impact the use of biomass-derived solid fuels, including hydrochars, in clean energy generation. The effects of nitric acid modification on those and other properties (combustion, fuel and thermal) were studied for hydrochars produced at three temperatures from four feedstocks. Through side-chain oxidation and surface protonation, nitric acid significantly leached metals from pristine hydrochars to a maximum of five order and increased their burnout temperature by 9-41%, but its effect on ash content, gross calorific values and ignition temperature depended on feedstock type and carbonization temperature. Ignition temperature increased by > 2 times for modified manure pellet hydrochar produced at 300 °C. The combustion characteristics index for the hydrochars was above the minimum benchmark (2 × 10-7 %2 min-2 °C-3) for a typical solid fuel. Therefore, nitric acid can effectively improve hydrochar's combustion and fuel properties and reduce slagging in industrial boilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nzediegwu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - M Anne Naeth
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada.
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21
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Leng S, Jiao H, Liu T, Pan W, Chen J, Chen J, Huang H, Peng H, Wu Z, Leng L, Zhou W. Co-liquefaction of Chlorella and soybean straw for production of bio-crude: Effects of reusing aqueous phase as the reaction medium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153348. [PMID: 35077787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Co-liquefaction was combined with hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) aqueous phase (AP) recirculation to improve the practicality of HTL process. The Chlorella powder (CL), soybean straw (SS), and their mixture (CS) with ratio 1:1 were processed at 300 °C for 20 min, and the AP was recirculated four times. The yield of CS bio-crude was increased (from 24.28% to 31.83%) by co-liquefaction, but remained stable during AP recirculation. By contrast, the yields were increased for CL bio-crude (from 32.40% to 41.19%), SS hydrochar (from 19.55% to 30.88%), and CS hydrochar (from 9.42% to 14.76%) by recirculation. The elemental analysis, chemical composition analysis, functionality analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and verification experiments (HTL with model AP components) show the N-containing compounds (e.g., amines) in AP were converted into amides (acylation) for CL bio-crude, into N-heterocycles (Maillard reactions) for CS hydrochar, and into Mannich bases for SS hydrochar, which contributed to the increased yield and N content (from 7.27% to 8.82% for CL bio-crude). Furthermore, the O content of CS bio-crude was decreased (from 15.31% to 12.52%) by recirculation, resulted from the conversion of N-heterocyclic ketones into pyrazine derivates. The decreased O content and comprehensive combustibility index (from 0.306 to 0.177) of CS bio-crude indicate the great potential of this craft combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqi Leng
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Huiting Jiao
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Tonggui Liu
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Wei Pan
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Huajun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Haoyi Peng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Lijian Leng
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
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22
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Hu X, Huang Y, Pan Z, Li S, Li Q, Lin W. Preparation of carbonyl, hydroxyl, and amino-functionalized microporous carbonaceous nanospheres from syrup-based waste to remove sulfamethazine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27688-27702. [PMID: 34984610 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfadiazine (SDZ) was a persistent sulfonamide antibiotic with a potential risk to human health. The waste dipping syrup was considered useless and environmentally unfriendly solution. In this work, carbonyl-, hydroxyl-, and amino-functionalized microporous carbonaceous nanospheres were synthesized using waste dipping syrup with glucose, fructose, and nitrogen, which was used as precursor for hydrothermal and pyrolysis process. The products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the point of zero charge (PZC), Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The carbonaceous nanospheres with large BET surface area (924.528 m2/g), micropores (2.127 nm), and high micro-porosity (89.54 %) allowed the rapid diffusion of SDZ (0.512nm×0.738 nm) into micropores of nanospheres. The majority SDZ (initial concentration = 20 mg/L) was removed (>96.8%) in the presence of 1.0 g/L nanoparticles after 40-min reaction at pH = 6.0. The adsorption capacity of SDZ onto nanospheres was 96.6 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic and equilibrium followed pseudo-first-order model and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The intra-particle diffusion model indicated a three-step adsorption process. In addition, the regenerated nanospheres could be reused over four recycles. The optimal fabrication was realized at lower hydrothermal and pyrolysis temperature of 180 °C and 400 °C, respectively, which involved no additional chemical activating agent and had a high yield (70.8 %). Collectively, hydroxylation, carboxylation, amination, large specific surface area, and multi-microporosity may be responsible for improved adsorption performance of SDZ onto nanospheres. The findings provided a novel pathway for SDZ-loading wastewater treatment using waste syrup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical engineering and Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology (Minnan Normal University) & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control (Minnan Normal University), Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical engineering and Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology (Minnan Normal University) & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control (Minnan Normal University), Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China.
| | - Zhong Pan
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Monitoring Technology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Shunxing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical engineering and Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology (Minnan Normal University) & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control (Minnan Normal University), Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical engineering and Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology (Minnan Normal University) & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control (Minnan Normal University), Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical engineering and Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology (Minnan Normal University) & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control (Minnan Normal University), Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
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23
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Suárez L, Díaz TE, Benavente-Ferraces I, Plaza C, Almeida M, Centeno TA. Hydrothermal treatment as a complementary tool to control the invasive Pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150796. [PMID: 34624279 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of invasive Pampas grass (PG) is having not only ecosystems impact, but also significant economic and social effects. The tonnes of bulky waste from the plant disposal require proper treatment to avoid seed dispersal, greenhouse gas emissions and landscape damage. In the pursuit of zero-waste management, hydrothermal treatment (HT) appears as a challenging alternative. The possibility of mobile HT systems offers an alternative to accomplish on-site both the PG waste management and the application of the resulting by-products within a circular framework. As a first step, this research shows that, without a prior drying step, the hydrothermal treatment at 100-230 °C under autogenous water vapor pressure for only 30 min allows safe seeds inertization, while a stable carbon-enriched solid and an aqueous stream are generated. Prolonging the process for 2 h has no profitable effects. As the reaction temperature increases, the PG residue is converted into a material with 49-58 wt% of carbon, 41-32 wt% of oxygen and 3-4 wt% of ash. The pH (~6.3), low electrical conductivity (1.21-0.86 dS/m), high carbon content, open porosity (5-8 m2/g) and improved performance in seed germination and in the early growth test suggest the potential of HT-solids derived at 100-120 °C as amendment to sequester carbon in the soil and improve its physico-biological properties. The phytotoxicity detected in the peat/lignite-like solids obtained at 200-230 °C limits its application in soil, but calorific values of 22-24 MJ/kg indicate their suitability as CO2-neutral fuel. The agrochemical analysis of the liquid by-products indicates poor value on their own, but their use supplemented with compost may be an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Suárez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tomás Emilio Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Catedrático José María Serrano, 10, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, ICA-CSIC. Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Almeida
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa A Centeno
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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24
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Lachos-Perez D, César Torres-Mayanga P, Abaide ER, Zabot GL, De Castilhos F. Hydrothermal carbonization and Liquefaction: differences, progress, challenges, and opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126084. [PMID: 34610425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermochemical processes including hydrothermal technology are gaining research interest as a potentially green method for deconstructing biomass into platform chemicals or energy carriers. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) are advantageous because of their enhanced process performance while being environmentally friendly and technologically innovative. However, after a deep review, several works have shown a misunderstanding between HTL and HTC concepts. Therefore, this review advances understanding on the main differences and gaps found between HTL and HTC in terms of operation parameters, technical issues, and main products. Furthermore, environmental and techno-economic assessments (TEA) were presented to appraise the environmental sustainability and economic implications of these techniques. Perspectives and challenges are presented and the integration approaches of hydrothermal valorization pathways and biorefining are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lachos-Perez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Paulo César Torres-Mayanga
- Professional School of Engineering in Food Industries, Department of Engineering, National University of Barranca, Barranca, Lima, Peru
| | - Ederson R Abaide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, 1345, Ernesto Barros Street, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96506-322, Brazil
| | - Fernanda De Castilhos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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25
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Zhou F, Li K, Hang F, Zhang Z, Chen P, Wei L, Xie C. Efficient removal of methylene blue by activated hydrochar prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and NaOH activation of sugarcane bagasse and phosphoric acid. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1885-1896. [PMID: 35425169 PMCID: PMC8979052 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated-hydrochar (AHC) derived from sugarcane bagasse was synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) using phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Sugarcane Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Sugar Industry and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Fangxue Hang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Sugarcane Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Sugar Industry and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lin Wei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Caifeng Xie
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Sugarcane Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Sugar Industry and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530004, China
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26
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Shen R, Lu J, Yao Z, Zhao L, Wu Y. The hydrochar activation and biocrude upgrading from hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125914. [PMID: 34530252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of hydrochar and biocrude from hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass is getting increasing attention, but the quality of hydrochar and biocrude need further improvement before utilization. Many attempts have been carried out on the hydrochar activation and biocrude upgrading. However, different methods play different roles on the property of hydrochar and biocrude, this topic received scant attention in recent review papers. Therefore, the influence of different activation methods on hydrochar property, and the potential application of hydrochar were summarized in this study. Meanwhile, the research progress on biocrude upgrading is reported. Besides, the techno-economic analysis of hydrochar and biocrude from hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass are also discussed. Finally, the research needs and future directions on hydrochar activation and biocrude upgrading were proposed. This paper could provide insights for further studies on the utilization of hydrochar and biocrude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Shen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianwen Lu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zonglu Yao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lixin Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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27
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Zeng M, Ge Z, Ma Y, Zha Z, Zhang H. On-line analysis of the correlation between gasification characteristics and microstructure of woody biowaste after hydrothermal carbonization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126009. [PMID: 34563822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Woody biowaste is a component which is difficult to be converted among multiple solid waste (MSW) during the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). In this paper, poplar sawdust was pretreated by HTC to study the correlation between microstructure and gasification characteristics. The results showed the fixed carbon and higher calorific value increased from 13.44 % and 19.41 MJ/kg to 41.47 % and 25.85 MJ/kg after HTC, respectively. The cold gas efficiency of hydrochars prepared at 220 °C was the highest of 93.57 % compared with that of raw material of 76.65 %. It was found that carbon structure had a greater influence on hydrochars gasification characteristics than pore structure. The crystallinity of hydrochars had a good correlation with the total yield and H2/CO of syngas, which can provide guidance for HTC pretreatment of woody biowaste and MSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxun Zeng
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Zefeng Ge
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yuna Ma
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Zhenting Zha
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
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28
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Liu Q, Xu R, Yan C, Han L, Lei H, Ruan R, Zhang X. Fast hydrothermal co-liquefaction of corn stover and cow manure for biocrude and hydrochar production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125630. [PMID: 34325395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fast Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has emerged as a versatile means of converting wet biomass into bio-crude oil. This study was aimed to explore a fast hydrothermal co-liquefaction (co-HTL) platform to valorize corn stover and cow manure by evaluating several reaction parameters (i.e., residence time, reaction temperature, and feedstocks mass ratio). The highest yield (over 24 wt%) of bio-crude oil was achieved under the moderate condition (400 °C, 16 min, and the mass ratio of 1:1). The Higher heating value (HHV) of bio-crude oil was around 34 MJ/kg. Up to 43% of selectivity toward phenols in bio-crude oil was gained from fast co-HTL maintained for 30 min. The properties of hydrochar were comprehensively characterized by CHNS elemental analysis, SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The highest HHV of hydrochar was 27.31 MJ/kg, suggesting the high potential as a solid fuel. CO2 as the dominant gaseous fraction were identified and quantified by GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruolan Xu
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cuiqiang Yan
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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29
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Li HZ, Zhang YN, Guo JZ, Lv JQ, Huan WW, Li B. Preparation of hydrochar with high adsorption performance for methylene blue by co-hydrothermal carbonization of polyvinyl chloride and bamboo. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125442. [PMID: 34175769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was blended into bamboo powder during co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) to understand the effects on the physicochemical properties and adsorbing ability of hydrochar. The properties of hydrochar were characterized by Zeta potential, elemental analyses, BET, FTIR, XPS, Boehm titration and SEM. The addition of PVC into bamboo in Co-HTC decreased the BET area, and pore volume and radius of hydrochar, but increased the contents of surface hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The adsorption ability of hydrochar produced by addition of PVC at 473 K over methylene blue (MB) increased significantly. The main adsorption mechanism was electrostatic attraction by -N(CH3)2+ of MB and carboxylate of hydrochar, and hydrogen-bonding interaction through N atom of phenothiazine in MB and C-OH of hydrochar. Thus, Co-HTC offers a facile, green and economical alternative for conversion of waste into high-value adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhe Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Yu-Nan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Jian-Zhong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Jian-Quan Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Huan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China.
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30
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Jia J, Chen H, Wang R, Zhao Z, Ren D, Liu H, Lei H. Heat recovery from hydrothermal carbonization slurry product by coupling processes of flash and organic
Rankine
cycle: Thermodynamic analysis. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Jia
- Department of Power Engineering North China Electric Power University Baoding China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Power Engineering North China Electric Power University Baoding China
| | - Ruikun Wang
- Department of Power Engineering North China Electric Power University Baoding China
| | - Zhenghui Zhao
- Department of Power Engineering North China Electric Power University Baoding China
| | - Daomeng Ren
- Department of Power Engineering North China Electric Power University Baoding China
| | - Hantao Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering North University of China Taiyuan China
| | - Haoyang Lei
- Department of Power Engineering North China Electric Power University Baoding China
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31
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Jayakumar M, Karmegam N, Gundupalli MP, Bizuneh Gebeyehu K, Tessema Asfaw B, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Kumar Awasthi M. Heterogeneous base catalysts: Synthesis and application for biodiesel production - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 331:125054. [PMID: 33832828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, much research has been carried out to find a suitable catalyst for the transesterification process during biodiesel production where heterogeneous catalysts play a crucial role. As homogenous catalysts present drawbacks such as slow reaction rate, high-cost due to the use of food grade oils, problems associated with separation process, and environmental pollution, heterogenous catalysts are more preferred. Animal shells and bones are the biowastes suitably calcined for the synthesis of heterogenous base catalyst. The catalysts synthesized using organic wastes are environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. The present review is dedicated to synthesis of heterogeneous basic catalysts from the natural resources or biowastes in biodiesel production through transesterification of oils. Use of calcined catalysts for converting potential feedstocks (vegetable oils and animal fat) into biodiesel/FAME is effective and safe, and the yield could be improved over 98%. There is a vast scope for biowaste-derived catalysts in green production of biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Jayakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem-636007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marttin Paulraj Gundupalli
- The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Kaleab Bizuneh Gebeyehu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Tessema Asfaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea; Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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