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Tugce Daglioglu S, Peker ME, Duman G, Aric A, Karagoz SC, Ogut TC, Azbar N, Yanik J. Holistic biorefinery approach for biogas and hydrogen production: Integration of anaerobic digestion with hydrothermal carbonization and steam gasification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118180. [PMID: 38220085 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the integration of biochemical and thermochemical processes is recognized as a promising strategy for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass into renewable energy production. In this study, different routes for the valorization of hemp hurd for biohydrogen and biomethane production were proposed, including anaerobic digestion (AD), hydrothermal carbonization, and steam gasification. AD results revealed that NaOH pre-treatment of hemp hurd improved biomethane production yield by 164%. Comparing hydrochars from raw hemp, digestate derived hydrochars had higher mass yield due to changes in composition during AD as well as high ash content of digestates. It was found that high ash content of digestates originated from inorganic compounds in inoculum that accumulated over hemp hurd during anaerobic digestion process. Among feedstocks (hydrochars and raw hemp hurd), hemp hurd derived hydrochar at 200 °C showed the best performance in terms of H2 yield (1278 mL/g) whereas carbon efficiency reached % 92 in case of digestate derived hydrochar at 200 °C. HTC improved the steam gasification performance of hemp hurd whereas hydrochars from NaOH pretreated digestate yielded lowest hydrogen production due to the high content of inorganics, particularly phosphorus (P) and aluminum (Al). According to BMP test, spent liquor obtained at the lowest HTC temperature (200 °C) exhibited the highest BMP, reaching 213 mL CH4/g COD. Considering the overall gas products of four different routes, it is concluded that HTC as a post-treatment exhibits slightly better performance than HTC as pre-treatment. Although alkali pretreatment enhanced the anaerobic digestion performance, the resulting hydrochars exhibited low gasification activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Eser Peker
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Gozde Duman
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye.
| | - Alpcan Aric
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Sadik Can Karagoz
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Tuba Ceren Ogut
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Nuri Azbar
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Jale Yanik
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
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Ipiales RP, Sarrion A, Diaz E, de la Rubia MA, Diaz-Portuondo E, Coronella CJ, Mohedano AF. Swine manure management by hydrothermal carbonization: Comparative study of batch and continuous operation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118062. [PMID: 38157959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is considered a promising technology for biomass waste management without pre-drying. This study explores the potential for swine manure management by comparing batch and continuous processes, emphasizing the benefits of the continuous mode, particularly for its potential full-scale application. The continuous process at low temperature (180 °C) resulted in a hydrochar with a lower degree of carbonization compared to the batch process, but similar characteristics were found in both hydrochars at higher operating temperatures (230-250 °C), such as C content (∼ 52 wt%), fixed carbon (∼ 24 wt%) and higher calorific value (21 MJ kg-1). Thermogravimetric and combustion analyses showed that hydrochars exhibited characteristics suitable as solid biofuels for industrial use. The process water showed a high content of organic matter as soluble chemical oxygen demand (7-22 g L-1) and total organic carbon (4-10 g L-1), although a high amount of refractory species such as N- and O-containing long aromatic compounds were detected in the process water from the batch process, while the process water from the continuous process presented more easily biodegradable compounds such as acids and alcohols, among others. The longer time required to reach operating temperature in the case of the batch system (longer heating time to reach operating temperature) resulted in lower H/C and O/C ratios compared to hydrochar from the continuous process. This indicates that the dehydration and decarboxylation reactions of the feedstock play a more important role in the batch process. This study shows the efficiency of the continuous process to obtain carbonaceous materials suitable for use as biofuel, providing a solution for swine manure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ipiales
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Arquimea-Agrotech, 28400, Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sarrion
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Diaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A de la Rubia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Charles J Coronella
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, 89557, Nevada, United States
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang W, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Digestate-derived carbonized char and activated carbon: Application perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129135. [PMID: 37164231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The flourishment of anaerobic digestion (AD) on waste treatment emphasizes the importance of digestate valorization, which plays an essential role in determining the benefits provided by the AD process. The perception of digestate gradually shifts from waste to products to realize the concept of circular economy and maximize the benefits of digestate valorization. This review first outlined the current status of digestate valorization, focusing on thermal-chemical methods. The novel valorization methods were then summarized from the recent research, illustrating prospects for digestate valorization. Limits and perspectives are finally addressed. Methods for preparing digestate-derived activated carbon and impurity effects were elucidated. Inherent mineral content/inorganic impurity could be a niche for downstream use. High surface area and well-developed pore structure are essential for satisfying downstream use performance, but they are not the only factors. Digestate char applications other than use as an energy fuel are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Zhang X, Qin Q, Sun X, Wang W. Hydrothermal treatment: An efficient food waste disposal technology. Front Nutr 2022; 9:986705. [PMID: 36172524 PMCID: PMC9512071 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.986705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantities of food waste (FW) are increasing yearly. Proper disposal of FW is essential for reusing value-added products, environmental protection, and human health. Based on the typical characteristics of high moisture content and high organic content of FW, hydrothermal treatment (HTT), as a novel thermochemical treatment technology, plays unique effects in the disposal and utilization of FW. The HTT of FW has attracted more and more attention in recent years, however, there are few conclusive reviews about the progress of the HTT of FW. HTT is an excellent approach to converting energy-rich materials into energy-dense fuels and valuable chemicals. This process can handle biomass with relatively high moisture content and allows efficient heat integration. This mini-review presents the current knowledge of recent advances in HTT of FW. The effects of HTT temperature and duration on organic nutritional compositions (including carbohydrates, starch, lipids, protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc.) and physicochemical properties (including pH, elemental composition, functional groups, fuel properties, etc.) and structural properties of FW are evaluated. The compositions of FW can degrade during HTT so that the physical and chemical properties of FW can be changed. The application and economic analyses of HTT in FW are summarized. Finally, the analyses of challenges and future perspectives on HTT of FW have shown that industrial reactors should be built effectively, and techno-economic analysis, overall energy balance, and life cycle assessment of the HTT process are necessary. The mini-review offers new approaches and perspectives for the efficient reuse of food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyan Zhang
| | - Qingyu Qin
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Xun Sun
| | - Wenlong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonisation of Waste Biomass: The Effect of Process Conditions on Hydrochar Properties. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrochars are an alternative form of biochar produced by hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC), a potentially cheaper and greener method. In this paper, the effect of multiple variables on hydrochar properties was investigated. Waste biomass was converted to hydrochar via microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonisation. The variables were temperature, solution ratio (water-biomass ratio), time, particle size, pH and acetone washing. The measured properties were yield, carbon, oxygen and ash content, higher heating value (HHV), carbon and energy recovery and dye and water adsorption. Feedstock significance was investigated using apple, wheat, barley, oat and pea straw. The investigation into this specific combination of variables and feedstock has not been done before. HTC increased carbon content (~60%), HHV (~24 MJ/kg) and water adsorption and reduced oxygen content and dye adsorption. Thermal analysis suggested hydrochars were not suitable for sequestration. Decreasing the solution ratio was the most significant factor in increasing yield, carbon recovery and energy yield. Increasing the temperature was the most significant factor in increasing carbon and decreasing oxygen content. This affected HHV, with higher temperatures producing a higher energy material, surpassing brown coal. Hydrochars produced at a high solution ratio, temperature and times showed the best carbonisation. Smaller particle size increased yield and carbonisation but increased ash content. Low solution pH increased carbon content, HHV and water adsorption but lowered yield, carbon recovery, energy yield, dye adsorption and oxygen and ash content. High pH increased ash content and dye adsorption but lowered yield, carbon recovery, energy yield and dye adsorption. Acetone decreased yield, carbon recovery, energy yield, carbon content and HHV but increased oxygen, ash content and dye and water adsorption. Barley biomass showed the highest yield and carbon recovery, and pea showed the highest energy yield and HHV. Apple showed the highest carbon content. All the hydrochars showed promise as solid fuels, a soil additive and a precursor for activated carbon but lacked high adsorption for pollutant adsorbents and stability for carbon sequestration.
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Bona D, Scrinzi D, Tonon G, Ventura M, Nardin T, Zottele F, Andreis D, Andreottola G, Fiori L, Silvestri S. Hydrochar and hydrochar co-compost from OFMSW digestate for soil application: 2. agro-environmental properties. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114894. [PMID: 35334400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The work concerns the study of the hydrochar from digestate and hydrochar co-compost characterization as amendments. The processes for hydrochar and co-compost production were described in Part 1 of this work (Scrinzi et al., 2022). The amendment properties of hydrochar (produced at 180-200-220 °C for 3 h) and co-composts (25%, 50%, and 75% hydrochar percentage of digestate substitution) were assessed by phytotoxicity, plant growth bioassay, and soil effect. Different seeds species (Lepidium sativum, Cucumis sativus, and Sorghum bicolor sp.) were dosed at increased concentrations using both wet raw amendments and their water extracts. The chemical characterization showed phytotoxic compounds content depending on both the initial feedstock (digestate) and the HTC process; at the same time, the analysis highlighted the reduction of these compounds by composting (organic acid, polyphenols, salt concentration). The dose-response was analyzed by the Cedergreen-Streibig-Ritz model and the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) was calculated based on this equation. The soil properties and GHG emissions measurements (CH4, CO2, N2O, and NH3) highlighted the effect on N dynamics and on soil respiration induced by substrates. The HC200 soil application determined a significant impact on CO2 and N2O emission and NH3 volatilization (10.82 mol CO2/m2; 51.45 mmol N2O/m2; 112 mol NH3/m2) and a significant reduction of total N and TOC (46% of TKN and 49% of TOC). The co-compost (75%) showed specific effects after soil application compared to other samples an increase of available P (48%), a greater content of nitrogen (1626 mg/kg dry basis), and a reduction of organic carbon (17%). Our results demonstrate the good quality of co-compost and at the same time the validity of this post-treatment for addressing many issues related to hydrochar use in the soil as an amendment, confirming the suitability of HTC process integration for digestate treatment in anaerobic digestion plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bona
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, San Michele a/A, Italy
| | - Donato Scrinzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giustino Tonon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, 39100, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ventura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, 39100, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nardin
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, San Michele a/A, Italy
| | - Fabio Zottele
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, San Michele a/A, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreis
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, San Michele a/A, Italy
| | - Gianni Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Fiori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Silvia Silvestri
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, San Michele a/A, Italy
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Computational Modeling Approaches of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Critical Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15062209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) continues to gain recognition over other valorization techniques for organic and biomass residue in recent research. The hydrochar product of HTC can be effectively produced from various sustainable resources and has been shown to have impressive potential for a wide range of applications. As industries work to adapt the implementation of HTC over large processes, the need for reliable models that can be referred to for predictions and optimization studies are becoming imperative. Although much of the available research relating to HTC has worked on the modeling area, a large gap remains in developing advanced computational models that can better describe the complex mechanisms, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics that take place in the reactor of the process. This review aims to highlight the importance of expanding the research relating to computational modeling for HTC conversion of biomass. It identifies six research areas that are recommended to be further examined for contributing to necessary advancements that need to be made for large-scale and continuous HTC operations. The six areas that are identified for further investigation are variable feedstock compositions, heat of exothermic reactions, type of reactor and scale-up, consideration of pre-pressurization, consideration of the heat-up period, and porosity of feedstock. Addressing these areas in future HTC modeling efforts will greatly help with commercialization of this promising technology.
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Wang M, Zhang M, Chen X, Chen A, Xiao R, Chen X. Hydrothermal conversion of Chinese cabbage residue for sustainable agriculture: Influence of process parameters on hydrochar and hydrolysate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152478. [PMID: 34953838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The demands on novel and sustainable techniques for vegetable waste (VW) valorization continues to increase during the past few decades due to the growing waste production under the flourishing vegetable industries. In this study, Chinese cabbage residues were hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at 180, 200, 220 and 240 °C for 2 to 6 h to explore the impacts of process parameters on the characteristics of hydrochars and hydrolysates and their feasibility in sustainable agriculture. Results indicated that hydrothermal temperature had a greater impact on cabbage residue hydrolysis than the residence time. With the rising reaction severity, hydrochars became more alkaline with higher amount of ash and carbon (C), while the pH and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and NH4+-N in the hydrolysate were gradually reduced. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) indicated that organic constitutions in the feedstock went through incomplete decomposition. Although the recalcitrance index (R50) steadily increased through HTC (0.37-0.46), hydrochars were unstable and would not applicable for carbon sequestration. Furthermore, hydrochars and hydrolysate would be optimal media for plants seedling and growth for the abundant nutrients and dissolved organic compounds but reduced phytotoxicity. In conclusion, these results showed that HTC is highly applicable for vegetable waste management for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Muyuan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuhao Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Anle Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xinping Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Ipiales RP, Mohedano AF, Diaz E, de la Rubia MA. Energy recovery from garden and park waste by hydrothermal carbonisation and anaerobic digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 140:100-109. [PMID: 35078074 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can transform wet lignocellulosic biomass, which is not considered an effective biofuel for energy production at the industrial level, into a carbonaceous product called hydrochar (HC) that is suitable for combustion and a process water (PW). PW is an interesting by-product that can be valorised for biogas production via anaerobic digestion (AD). This study presents a new approach for the valorisation of garden and park wastes (GPW) by integrating HTC to generate HC for energy production, while PW is subjected to AD for biogas production. The hydrothermal treatment was performed at 180, 210, and 230 °C, yielding HC with improved physicochemical properties, such as an elevated higher heating value (21-25 MJ kg-1); low ash (<5 wt.%), nitrogen (1.3 wt.%), and sulphur (0.2 wt.%) contents; better fuel ratio (0.4-0.6); and a broad comprehensive combustibility index (8.0×10-7 to 9.6×10-7 min-2 °C-3). AD of the generated PW was conducted under mesophilic conditions (35 °C), resulting in a methane production in the range of 253-326 mL g-1 CODadded and COD removal of up to 65%. The combination of HTC and AD allowed the recovery of 91% and 94% of the energy content feedstock, as calculated from the combustion of HC and methane, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ipiales
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Arquimea-Agrotech, 28400 Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Diaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A de la Rubia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Lamolinara B, Pérez-Martínez A, Guardado-Yordi E, Guillén Fiallos C, Diéguez-Santana K, Ruiz-Mercado GJ. Anaerobic digestate management, environmental impacts, and techno-economic challenges. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 140:14-30. [PMID: 35032793 PMCID: PMC10466263 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Digestate is a nutrient-rich by-product from organic waste anaerobic digestion but can contribute to nutrient pollution without comprehensive management strategies. Some nutrient pollution impacts include harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, and eutrophication. This contribution explores current productive uses of digestate by analyzing its feedstocks, processing technologies, economics, product quality, impurities, incentive policies, and regulations. The analyzed studies found that feedstock, processing technology, and process operating conditions highly influence the digestate product characteristics. Also, incentive policies and regulations for managing organic waste by anaerobic digestion and producing digestate as a valuable product promote economic benefits. However, there are not many governmental and industry-led quality assurance certification systems for supporting commercializing digestate products. The sustainable and safe use of digestate in different applications needs further development of technologies and processes. Also, incentives for digestate use, quality regulation, and social awareness are essential to promote digestate product commercialization as part of the organic waste circular economy paradigm. Therefore, future studies about circular business models and standardized international regulations for digestate products are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lamolinara
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal - Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande 2430-028, Portugal
| | - Amaury Pérez-Martínez
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, km. 2. 1/2 vía Puyo a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza 160150, Ecuador
| | - Estela Guardado-Yordi
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, km. 2. 1/2 vía Puyo a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza 160150, Ecuador
| | - Christian Guillén Fiallos
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, km. 2. 1/2 vía Puyo a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza 160150, Ecuador
| | - Karel Diéguez-Santana
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, km. 2. 1/2 vía Puyo a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza 160150, Ecuador
| | - Gerardo J Ruiz-Mercado
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin L. King Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 080007, Colombia.
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11
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Dutta S, He M, Xiong X, Tsang DCW. Sustainable management and recycling of food waste anaerobic digestate: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125915. [PMID: 34523582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a widely used technology to valorise food waste for biogas production yet a considerable amount of digestate remains under-utilised. Sustainable management and recycling of the nutrient-rich food waste anaerobic digestate (FWD) is highly desirable for closing resource loop and actualising circular economy. This work reviews the distinct properties of FWD and the existing treatment technologies. FWD shows great prospects as a nutrient source for microalgal cultivation and biofuel production. Emerging technologies such as thermal conversion (e.g., pyrolysis and hydrothermal treatment) of FWD into value-added products such as functionalised biochar/hydrochar with diverse applications would be attractive and warrant further research investigation. Integrated AD with subsequent valorisation facilities is highly encouraged to achieve complete utilisation of resources and reduce carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Dutta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjing He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinni Xiong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Kumar Khanal S, Lü F, Wong JWC, Wu D, Oechsner H. Anaerobic digestion beyond biogas. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125378. [PMID: 34166927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a matured technology for waste (water) remediation/stabilization and bioenergy generation in the form of biogas. AD technology has several inherent benefits ranging from generating renewable energy, remediating waste (water), and reducing greenhouse gas emission to improving health/hygiene and the overall socio-economic status of rural communities in developing nations. In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in applications of AD technology beyond biogas. This special issue (SI) entitled, "Anaerobic Digestion Beyond Biogas (ADBB-2021)," was conceptualized to incorporate some of the recent advances in AD in which the emphasis is beyond biogas, such as anaerobic biorefinery, chain elongation, treatment of micropollutants, toxicity and system stability, digestate as biofertilizer, bio-electrochemical systems, innovative bioreactors, carbon sequestration, biogas upgrading, microbiomes, waste (water) remediation, residues/waste pre-treatment, promoter addition, and modeling, process control, and automation, among others. This VSI: ADBB-2021 contains 53 manuscripts (14 critical reviews and 39 research). The key findings of each manuscript are briefly summarized here, which can serve as a valuable resource for AD researchers to learn of major advances in AD technology and identify future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Fan Lü
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hans Oechsner
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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