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Khare S, Singhal A, Rallapalli S, Mishra A. Bio-chelate assisted leaching for enhanced heavy metal remediation in municipal solid waste compost. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14238. [PMID: 38902389 PMCID: PMC11190260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Municipal solid waste compost, the circular economy's closed-loop product often contains excessive amounts of toxic heavy metals, leading to market rejection and disposal as waste material. To address this issue, the study develops a novel approach based on: (i) utilizing plant-based biodegradable chelating agent, L-glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) to remediate heavy metals from contaminated MSW compost, (ii) comparative assessment of GLDA removal efficiency at optimal conditions with conventional nonbiodegradable chelator EDTA, and (iii) enhanced pre- and post-leaching to evaluate the mobility, toxicity, and bioavailability of heavy metals. The impact of treatment variables, such as GLDA concentration, pH, and retention time, on the removal of heavy metals was investigated. The process was optimized using response surface methodology to achieve the highest removal effectiveness. The findings indicated that under optimal conditions (GLDA concentration of 150 mM, pH of 2.9, retention time for 120 min), the maximum removal efficiencies were as follows: Cd-90.32%, Cu-81.96%, Pb-91.62%, and Zn-80.34%. This process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. Following GLDA-assisted leaching, the geochemical fractions were studied and the distribution highlighted Cd, Cu, and Pb's potential remobilization in exchangeable fractions, while Zn displayed integration with the compost matrix. GLDA-assisted leaching and subsequent fractions illustrated transformation and stability. Therefore, this process could be a sustainable alternative for industrial applications (agricultural fertilizers and bioenergy) and social benefits (waste reduction, urban landscaping, and carbon sequestration) as it has controlled environmental footprints. Hence, the proposed remediation strategy, chemically assisted leaching, could be a practical option for extracting heavy metals from MSW compost, thereby boosting circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Khare
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupam Singhal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srinivas Rallapalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA.
| | - Anant Mishra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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2
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Lian T, Yin F, Zhang W, Cao Q, Wang S, Zhou T, Zhang F, Li R, Dong H. Enhanced lactic acid production through enzymatic hydrolysis: Assessing impact of varied enzyme loadings on co-fermentation of swine manure and apple waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131012. [PMID: 38908762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-fermentation of swine manure (SM) and apple waste (AW) restricts by the slow hydrolysis of substrates with complex structures, which subsequently leads to low lactic acid (LA) production. Therefore, a novel strategy based on enzymatic pretreatment for improving LA production from anaerobic co-fermentation of SM and AW was proposed in this study. The results indicated that the maximal LA concentration increased from 35.89 ± 1.84 to 42.70 ± 2.18 g/L with the increase of enzyme loading from 0 to 300 U/g VSsubstrate. Mechanism exploration indicated that enzymatic pretreatment significantly promoted the release and hydrolysis of insoluble organic matter from fermentation substrate, thus providing an abundance of reaction intermediates that were directly available for LA production. Additionally, bacteria analysis revealed that the high concentration of LA was associated with the prevalence of Lactobacillus. This study offered an environmental-friendly strategy for promoting SM and AW hydrolysis and provided a viable approach for recovering valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Lian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fubin Yin
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wanqin Zhang
- China Huadian Engineering Co. Ltd., Beijing 100160, China
| | - Qitao Cao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tanlong Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Nastouli A, Moschona A, Bizirtsakis PA, Sweeney J, Angelidaki I, Harasek M, Karabelas AJ, Patsios SI. A Novel Bio-Purification Process Employing an Engineered E. coli Strain for Downstream Processing of Lactic Acid Solutions from the Fermentation of Agro-Industrial by-Products. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:412. [PMID: 38790280 PMCID: PMC11118208 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to integrate a novel bio-purification process employing an engineered E. coli strain in the downstream processing of lactic acid (LA) fermentation broths from low-cost renewable biological feedstocks. Fermentation broth of candy waste and digestate mixture was used as a real biological feedstock. An engineered E. coli strain that selectively catabolize impurities without catabolizing LA was initially adapted on the biological feedstock, followed by shake flask experiments to prove the bio-purification concept. Scale-up and validation in a bench-scale bioreactor followed, before developing a semi-continuous membrane bioreactor (MBR) bio-purification process. The MBR bio-purification was assessed with biological feedstocks which simulated ultrafiltration or nanofiltration permeates. Incomplete removal of impurities and increased fouling was observed in the case of the ultrafiltration permeate. Contrarily, the nanofiltration permeate was successfully treated with MBR bio-purification, since low membrane fouling, 100% maltose and acetic acid removal, and no LA catabolism was achieved. MBR bio-purification as a post-treatment step in the downstream processing of LA was demonstrated as a promising technology for increasing the purity of LA solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nastouli
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Renewable Energies, Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.N.); (A.M.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, AT 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Alexandra Moschona
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Renewable Energies, Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.N.); (A.M.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Panagiotis A. Bizirtsakis
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Renewable Energies, Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.N.); (A.M.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Joseph Sweeney
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Michael Harasek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, AT 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Anastasios J. Karabelas
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Renewable Energies, Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.N.); (A.M.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Sotiris I. Patsios
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Renewable Energies, Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.N.); (A.M.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.K.)
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4
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Uşurelu CD, Frone AN, Oprică GM, Raduly MF, Ghiurea M, Neblea EI, Nicolae CA, Filip X, Teodorescu M, Panaitescu DM. Preparation and functionalization of cellulose nanofibers using a naturally occurring acid and their application in stabilizing linseed oil/water Pickering emulsions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129884. [PMID: 38336328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Finding efficient and environmental-friendly methods to produce and chemically modify cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) remains a challenge. In this study, lactic acid (LA) treatment followed by microfluidization was employed for the isolation and functionalization of CNFs. Small amounts of HCl (0.01, 0.1, and 0.2 M) were used alongside LA to intensify cellulose hydrolysis. FTIR spectroscopy and solid-state 13C NMR confirmed the successful functionalization of CNFs with lactyl groups during isolation, while SEM, AFM, and rheological tests revealed that the addition of HCl governed the fibers' sizes and morphology. Notably, the treatment with LA and 0.2 M HCl resulted in a more efficient defibrillation, yielding smaller nanofibers sizes (62 nm) as compared to the treatment with LA or HCl alone (90 and 108 nm, respectively). The aqueous suspension of CNFs treated with LA and 0.2 M HCl showed the highest viscosity and storage modulus. LA-modified CNFs were tested as stabilizers for linseed oil/water (50/50 v/v) emulsions. Owing to the lactyl groups grafted on their surface and higher aspect ratio, CNFs produced with 0.1 and 0.2 M HCl led to emulsions with increased stability (a creaming index increase of only 3 % and 1 %, respectively, in 30 days) and smaller droplets sizes of 23.4 ± 1.2 and 35.5 ± 0.5 μm, respectively. The results showed that LA-modified CNFs are promising stabilizers for Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina-Diana Uşurelu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Gabriela-Mădălina Oprică
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Florentina Raduly
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Ghiurea
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Iulia Neblea
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian-Andi Nicolae
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Xenia Filip
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
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Papadopoulou E, Vance C, Rozene Vallespin PS, Tsapekos P, Angelidaki I. Saccharina latissima, candy-factory waste, and digestate from full-scale biogas plant as alternative carbohydrate and nutrient sources for lactic acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129078. [PMID: 37100293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To substitute petroleum-based materials with bio-based alternatives, microbial fermentation combined with inexpensive biomass is suggested. In this study Saccharina latissima hydrolysate, candy-factory waste, and digestate from full-scale biogas plant were explored as substrates for lactic acid production. The lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus were tested as starter cultures. Sugars released from seaweed hydrolysate and candy-waste were successfully utilized by the studied bacterial strains. Additionally, seaweed hydrolysate and digestate served as nutrient supplements supporting microbial fermentation. According to the highest achieved relative lactic acid production, a scaled-up co-fermentation of candy-waste and digestate was performed. Lactic acid reached a concentration of 65.65 g/L, with 61.69% relative lactic acid production, and 1.37 g/L/hour productivity. The findings indicate that lactic acid can be successfully produced from low-cost industrial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Papadopoulou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Charlene Vance
- School of Biosystems & Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Agriculture Building, UCD Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paloma S Rozene Vallespin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
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Pleissner D, Schönfelder S, Händel N, Dalichow J, Ettinger J, Kvangarsnes K, Dauksas E, Rustad T, Cropotova J. Heterotrophic growth of Galdieria sulphuraria on residues from aquaculture and fish processing industries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129281. [PMID: 37295476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed at zero-waste utilization of fish processing streams for cultivation of microalgae Galdieria sulphuraria. Wastewater from a fish processing facility, slam (mix of used fish feed and faeces), and dried pellet (sediments after enzymatic hydrolysis of rainbow trout) were investigated as potential sources of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate for cultivation of G. sulphuraria. The pellet extract was found to support the growth of G. sulphuraria when appropriate diluted, at concentrations below 40 % (v/v). It was revealed that wastewater does not impact the growth negatively, however free amino nitrogen and carbon sources need to be supplied from another source. Therefore, only proteolyzed pellet extract (20 %, v/v) was selected for upscaling and a biomass concentration of 80 g L-1 (growth rate was 0.72 day-1) was achieved in a non-sterile fed-batch culture. Even though biomass was produced under non-sterile conditions no pathogens such as Salmonella sp. could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pleissner
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research e. V., Papendorfer Weg 3, 14806 Bad Belzig, Germany; Sustainable Chemistry (Resource Efficiency), Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schönfelder
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research e. V., Papendorfer Weg 3, 14806 Bad Belzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Händel
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research e. V., Papendorfer Weg 3, 14806 Bad Belzig, Germany
| | - Julia Dalichow
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research e. V., Papendorfer Weg 3, 14806 Bad Belzig, Germany
| | - Judith Ettinger
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research e. V., Papendorfer Weg 3, 14806 Bad Belzig, Germany
| | - Kristine Kvangarsnes
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences Ålesund, Larsgårdsvegen 4, 6025 Ålesund, Norway
| | - Egidijus Dauksas
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences Ålesund, Larsgårdsvegen 4, 6025 Ålesund, Norway
| | - Turid Rustad
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Sem Sælandsvei 6/8, Kjemiblokk 3, 163, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Janna Cropotova
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences Ålesund, Larsgårdsvegen 4, 6025 Ålesund, Norway.
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7
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Zeng D, Wang S, Jiang Y, Su Y, Zhang Y. Recovery and upcycling of residual lactic acid and ammonium from biowaste into yeast single cell protein. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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8
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Nagarajan D, Chen CY, Ariyadasa TU, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Macroalgal biomass as a potential resource for lactic acid fermentation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136694. [PMID: 36206920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid is an essential platform chemical with various applications in the chemicals, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Currently, the demand for lactic acid is driven by the role of lactic acid as the starting material for the production of bioplastic polylactide. Microbial fermentation for lactic acid production is favored due to the production of enantiomerically pure lactic acid required for polylactide synthesis, as opposed to the racemic mixture obtained via chemical synthesis. The utilization of first-generation feedstock for commercial lactic acid production is challenged by feedstock costs and sustainability issues. Macroalgae are photosynthetic benthic aquatic plants that contribute tremendously towards carbon capture with subsequent carbon-rich biomass production. Macroalgae are commercially cultivated to extract hydrocolloids, and recent studies have focused on applying biomass as a fermentation feedstock. This review provides comprehensive information on the design and development of sustainable and cost-effective, algae-based lactic acid production. The central carbon regulation in lactic acid bacteria and the metabolism of seaweed-derived sugars are described. An exhaustive compilation of lactic acid fermentation of macroalgae hydrolysates revealed that lactic acid bacteria can effectively ferment the mixture of sugars present in the hydrolysate with comparable yields. The environmental impacts and economic prospects of macroalgal lactic acid are analyzed. Valorization of the vast amounts of spent macroalgal biomass residue post hydrocolloid extraction in a biorefinery is a viable strategy for cost-effective lactic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Circular Economy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Thilini U Ariyadasa
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32003, Taiwan.
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9
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The use of biowaste for the production of biodegradable superabsorbent materials. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Sivagurunathan P, Raj T, Chauhan PS, Kumari P, Satlewal A, Gupta RP, Kumar R. High-titer lactic acid production from pilot-scale pretreated non-detoxified rice straw hydrolysate at high-solid loading. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Dev C, Jilani SB, Yazdani SS. Adaptation on xylose improves glucose-xylose co-utilization and ethanol production in a carbon catabolite repression (CCR) compromised ethanologenic strain. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:154. [PMID: 35933385 PMCID: PMC9356451 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar hydrolysates from lignocellulosic biomass are majorly composed of glucose and xylose that can be fermented to biofuels. Bacteria, despite having the natural ability to consume xylose are unable to consume it in presence of glucose due to a carbon catabolite repression (CCR) mechanism. This leads to overall reduced productivity as well as incomplete xylose utilization due to ethanol build-up from glucose utilization. In our effort to develop a strain for simultaneous fermentation of glucose and xylose into ethanol, we deleted ptsG in ethanologenic E. coli SSK42 to make it deficient in CCR and performed adaptive laboratory evolution to achieve accelerated growth rate, sugar consumption and ethanol production. Finally, we performed proteomics study to identify changes that might have been responsible for the observed improved phenotype of the evolved strain. RESULTS The parental strain of SSK42, i.e., wild-type E. coli B, did not co-utilize glucose and xylose as expected. After deleting the ptsG gene encoding the EIIBCGlc subunit of PTS system, glucose consumption is severely affected in wild-type E. coli B. However, the ethanologenic, SSK42 strain, which was evolved in our earlier study on both glucose and xylose, didn't show such a drastic effect of EIIBCGlc deletion, instead consumed glucose first, followed by xylose without delay for switching from one sugar to another. To improve growth on xylose and co-utilization capabilities, the ptsG deleted SSK42 was evolved on xylose. The strain evolved for 78 generations, strain SCD78, displayed significant co-utilization of glucose and xylose sugars. At the bioreactor level, the strain SCD78 produced 3-times the ethanol titer of the parent strain with significant glucose-xylose co-utilization. The rate of glucose and xylose consumption also increased 3.4-fold and 3-fold, respectively. Proteome data indicates significant upregulation of TCA cycle proteins, respiration-related proteins, and some transporters, which may have a role in increasing the total sugar consumption and co-utilization of sugars. CONCLUSION Through adaptive evolution, we have obtained a strain that has a significant glucose-xylose co-utilization phenotype with 3-fold higher total sugar consumption rate and ethanol production rate compared to the unevolved strain. This study also points out that adaptation on xylose is enough to impart glucose-xylose co-utilization property in CCR compromised ethanologenic strain SSK42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Dev
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.,DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Bilal Jilani
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shams Yazdani
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. .,DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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12
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Studies on Optimization of Sustainable Lactic Acid Production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from Sugarcane Molasses through Microbial Fermentation. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid is the meekest hydroxyl carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy propionic acid) which is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, organic compound with no toxic effect, a very inevitable and versatile chemical used in the Food, cosmetics, textile, and pharmaceutical industries for very long years. Lactic acid was produced as non-racemic when specific microbial strains were used; therefore, microbial fermentation gained more attention. Albeit the substratum used for the microbial fermentation price is much exorbitant. Wherefore, identifying the best and cheap substrates is a bottleneck for the scientific community. Sugarcane molasses is the best source of components for microbial growth and cheap raw material for Lactic acid fermentation. This study produced sustainable lactic acid from sugarcane molasses by the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J2V2AA strain with a higher production of 178 gm/L/24 h. The produced lactic acid was characterized and analyzed by UV-Visible Spectrum, FTIR Spectrum, TLC, and HPLC.
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13
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Ma X, Gao M, Liu S, Li Y, Sun X, Wang Q. An innovative approach for reducing the water and alkali consumption in the lactic acid fermentation via the reuse of pretreated liquid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127108. [PMID: 35381334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on enhancing lactic acid (LA) production and declining water and alkali consumption by reusing the pretreated liquid (PL) of spent mushroom substance (SMS) in the co-fermentation of food waste (FW) and SMS. First, the compositions of PL are identified, and the effects of the PL inhibitors on enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are explored. The PL phenol concentrations exceeded 2 g/L, which affected LA fermentation. Therefore, PL phenols were removed by adjusting the pH value, and the detoxified PL (DPL) phenol concentrations were 70.3% lower than those of PL. Different PL:DPL ratios were established to reuse in the fermentation process, and the LA concentration in the 50% PL + 50% DPL group was the highest (56.7 g/L). Then, pretreated SMS was not water-washed, and a neutralizer was prepared with the PL, LA production remained unchanged. Water and NaOH consumption decreased by 84.6% and 52.0%, respectively, and no wastewater was produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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14
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Yankov D. Fermentative Lactic Acid Production From Lignocellulosic Feedstocks: From Source to Purified Product. Front Chem 2022; 10:823005. [PMID: 35308791 PMCID: PMC8931288 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.823005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The second (lignocellulosic biomass and industrial wastes) and third (algal biomass) generation feedstocks gained substantial interest as a source of various value-added chemicals, produced by fermentation. Lactic acid is a valuable platform chemical with both traditional and newer applications in many industries. The successful fractionation, separation, and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass result in sugars’ rich raw material for lactic acid fermentation. This review paper aims to summarize the investigations and progress in the last 5 years in lactic acid production from inexpensive and renewable resources. Different aspects are discussed—the type of raw materials, pretreatment and detoxification methods, lactic acid-producers (bacteria, fungi, and yeasts), use of genetically manipulated microorganisms, separation techniques, different approaches of process organization, as well as main challenges, and possible solutions for process optimization.
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15
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Pottipati S, Kundu A, Kalamdhad AS. Process optimization by combining in-vessel composting and vermicomposting of vegetable waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126357. [PMID: 34798248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The process parameters of in-vessel rotary drum composting (RDC) with vermicomposting (VC) were investigated for the conversion of vegetable waste into vermicompost. After 7-day initial thermophilic exposure (maximal 51.5 °C in 24 h), the partially degraded RDC waste was divided into R1 (no vermiculture), R2, R3, and R4 (with Eudrilus eugeniae; Eisenia fetida; and Perionyx excavates monocultures, respectively). R3 derived vermicompost displayed maximum optimal process parameters and desirable compost qualities. Against the constant 2.2% nitrogen content of R1, an increase from 1.4 to 4.15% was seen in R3, with a 52.5% reduction in total organic carbon (TOC). A clear testimony to the enhanced nutritional content and fitness of the novel combination of RDC thermophilic biodegradation and E. fetida based vermicomposting. In an environmentally compatible mode, the faster organic deconstruction in 27 days could substantially alter organic waste treatment in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryateja Pottipati
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Ashmita Kundu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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