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Enstrup MS, Steinmann J, Daragan FG, Dangpiaei B, Kunz U. Influence of Water Hardness and Complexing Agents on Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Generation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400491. [PMID: 38700371 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Recently, many studies have been published regarding electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction for generating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for various applications. Sodium salts solved in deionized water were usually used as supporting electrolytes. In technical applications, however, tap water-based electrolytes with hardeners are particularly relevant and have only been considered in a few studies to date. In this work, we investigated the influence of hardeners on H2O2-generation at 150 mA cm-2 and were able to show that scaling occurs predominantly on the GDE-surface and not in its pore structure. With the novel method in electrochemical synthesis by using complexing agents to bind hardeners, we were able to significantly reduce the scaling. Even after 10 h of operation, the reactor still achieves a faradaic efficiency (FE) of above 70 % (>67 mg h-1 cm-2), comparable to the experiments without hardeners and complexing agents in the electrolyte. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the complexing agents are not electrochemically converted at the carbon-based GDE and behave inertly. If the cell is operated with complexing agents and rinsed with acidic liquid (anolyte) between batches, scaling can be completely avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Simon Enstrup
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Jan Steinmann
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Freyja Galina Daragan
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Babak Dangpiaei
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kunz
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Zou R, Rezaei B, Keller SS, Zhang Y. Additive manufacturing-derived free-standing 3D pyrolytic carbon electrodes for sustainable microbial electrochemical production of H 2O 2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133681. [PMID: 38341891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Producing H2O2 via microbial electrosynthesis is a cost-effective and environmentally favorable alternative to the costly and environmentally hazardous anthraquinone method. However, most studies have relied on carbon electrodes with two-dimensional (2D) surfaces (e.g., graphite), which have limited surface area and active sites, resulting in suboptimal H2O2 production. In this study, we demonstrate the enhanced efficiency of microbial H2O2 synthesis using three-dimensional (3D) electrodes produced through additive manufacturing technology due to their larger surface area than conventional carbon electrodes with 2D surfaces. This work innovatively combines 3D printed pyrolytic carbon (3D PyrC) electrodes with highly defined outer geometry and internal mesh structures derived from additive manufacturing with high-temperature resin precursors followed by pyrolysis with microbial electrochemical platform technology to achieve efficient H2O2 synthesis. The 3D PyrC electrode produced a maximum of 129.2 mg L-1 of H2O2 in 12 h, which was 2.3-6.9 times greater than conventional electrodes (e.g., graphite and carbon felt). Furthermore, the scalability, reusability and mechanical properties of the 3D PyrC electrode were exemplary, showcasing its practical viability for large-scale applications. Beyond H2O2 synthesis, the study explored the application of the 3D PyrC electrode in the bio-electro-Fenton process, demonstrating its efficacy as a tertiary treatment technology for the removal of micropollutants. This dual functionality underscores the versatility of the 3D PyrC electrode in addressing both the synthesis of valuable chemicals and environmental remediation. This study shows a novel electrode design for efficient, sustainable synthesis of H2O2 and subsequent environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusen Zou
- Department of Environmental & Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Babak Rezaei
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephan Sylvest Keller
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental & Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Wang G, Li B, Zhang Y. Ammonia-mediated iron cycle for oxidizing agent activation in advanced oxidation process. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120295. [PMID: 37429134 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Removing ammonia (NH4+-N) and recalcitrant organics from low carbon/nitrogen wastewater requires a large amount of chemical reagents and energy. This work reports a new advanced oxidation process to remove recalcitrant organics with the assistant of NH4+-N in low carbon/nitrogen wastewater. Specifically, NH4+-N in wastewater mediated Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle for the activation of oxidation reagent (e.g., H2O2) (ammonia-mediated AOP) to improve the removal of recalcitrant organics. In ammonia-mediated AOP, NH4+-N, recalcitrant organics, and PO4-P in wastewater were removed by 88.2%, 80.5% and 84%, respectively, with a low H2O2 consuming of only 5 mg/L. The removal efficiency of recalcitrant organics in the ammonia-mediated AOP increased as the concentration of NH4+-N in wastewater increased. Recalcitrant organics can be removed with an efficiency of 74∼82%, when the influent pH was 6∼6.8. This work provides a new and cost-effective approach to drive the iron cycle in Fenton treatment using NH4+-N from wastewater as mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
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Li Q, Ma CL, He YC. Effective one-pot chemoenzymatic cascade catalysis of biobased feedstock for synthesizing 2,5-diformylfuran in a sustainable reaction system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 378:128965. [PMID: 36990332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Diformylfuran, which can be prepared via the oxidation of biobased HMF, has received considerable attention because of its potential applications in producing furan-based chemicals and functional materials, such as biofuels, polymers, fluorescent material, vitrimers, surfactants, antifungal agents and medicines. This work aimed to develop an efficient one-pot process for chemoenzymatic transformation of biobased substrate to 2,5-diformylfuran with deep eutectic solvent (DES) Betaine:Lactic acid ([BA][LA]) catalyst and oxidase biocatalyst in [BA][LA]-H2O. Using waste bread (50 g/L) and D-fructose (18.0 g/L) as feedstocks in [BA][LA]-H2O (15:85, vol/vol), the yields of HMF were 32.8% (15 min) and 91.6% (90 min) at 150 °C, respectively. These prepared HMF could be biologically oxidized to 2,5-diformylfuran by Escherichia coli pRSFDuet-GOase, achieving a productivity of 0.631 g 2,5-diformylfuran/(g fructose) and 0.323 g 2,5-diformylfuran/(g bread) after 6 h under the mild performance condition. This bioresourced intermediate 2,5-diformylfuran was effectively synthesized from biobased feedstock in an environmentally-friendly system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Cui-Luan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Wang G, Tang K, Hambly AC, Zhang Y, Andersen HR. Sustainable and Reagentless Fenton Treatment of Complex Wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:626-634. [PMID: 36511650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional Fenton treatment is fundamentally impractical for large-scale applications, as the consumption of Fe(II), H2O2, and pH regulators and the accumulation of iron hydroxide sludge are very costly. This paper describes a new method for Fenton treatment of complex wastewater without additional dosing of Fe(II) and H2O2, without iron-sludge accumulation, and with less consumption of pH regulators, using a novel bioelectrode system. Our new system includes a novel three-chamber microbial electrolysis unit and Fenton reaction unit, where Fenton reagents are generated by biotic and abiotic cathodes, while the bioanode simultaneously degrades biodegradable organics from the wastewater. The system's self-alkalinity buffering also waives the need for pH regulators. Dissolved organic carbon and 22 specific recalcitrant organics were removed by 99% and between 78 and 100%, respectively. The bioelectrode system generated 13 ± 3 mg/L dissolved Fe(II) and 5 ± 0.4 mg/L H2O2 for the Fenton reaction unit. The closed iron cycle avoided iron loss and iron sludge accumulation during operation. The pH regulator dosage and operating costs were just 9.7 and 1.4%, respectively, of what is required by classic Fenton. The low operating cost and reduction in chemical usage make it an efficient, sustainable alternative to the conventional treatment processes currently used for complex wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adam C Hambly
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Rasmus Andersen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800Lyngby, Denmark
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Lee YJ, Lin BL, Xue M, Tsunemi K. Ammonia/ammonium removal/recovery from wastewaters using bioelectrochemical systems (BES): A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127927. [PMID: 36096326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review updates the current research efforts on using BES to recover NH3/NH4+, highlighting the novel configurations and introducing the working principles and the applications of microbial fuel cell (MFC), microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), microbial desalination cell (MDC), and microbial electrosynthesis cell (MESC) for NH3/NH4+ removal/recovery. However, commonly studied BES processes for NH3/NH4+ removal/recovery are energy intensive with external aeration needed for NH3 stripping being the largest energy input. In such a process bipolar membranes used for yielding a local alkaline pool recovering NH3 is not cost-effective. This gives a chance to microbial electrosynthesis which turned out to be a potential alternative option to approach circular bioeconomy. Furtherly, the reactor volume and NH3/NH4+ removal/recovery efficiency has a weakly positive correlation, indicating that there might be other factors controlling the reactor performance that are yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Lee
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Bin-Le Lin
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Mianqiang Xue
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Tsunemi
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
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