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Zhang Z, Xing J, Li X, Lu X, Liu G, Qu Y, Zhao J. Review of research progress on the production of cellulase from filamentous fungi. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134539. [PMID: 39122065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Cellulases have been widely used in many fields such as animal feed, textile, food, lignocellulose bioconversion, etc. Efficient and low-cost production of cellulases is very important for its industrial application, especially in bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Filamentous fungi are currently widely used in industrial cellulase production due to their ability to secrete large amounts of active free cellulases extracellularly. This review comprehensively summarized the research progress on cellulases from filamentous fungi in recent years, including filamentous fungi used for cellulase production and its modification strategies, enzyme compositions, characterization methods and application of fungal cellulase systems, and the production of fungal cellulase includes production processes, factors affecting cellulase production such as inducers, fermentation medium, process parameters and their control strategies. Also, the future perspectives and research topics in fungal cellulase production are presented in the end of the review. The review helps to deepen the understanding of the current status of fungal cellulases, thereby promoting the production technology progress and industrial application of filamentous fungal cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xianqin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Otero DM, Perret B, Teixeira L, Gautério GV, Treichel H, Kalil SJ. Cryptococcus laurentii: a wild yeast for xylanase production from agricultural by-products. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00555-1. [PMID: 38970730 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of technologies that allow the production of enzymes at a competitive cost is of great importance for several biotechnological applications, and the use of agro-industrial by-products is an excellent alternative to minimize costs and reduce environmental impacts. This study aimed to produce endo-xylanases using agro-industrial substrates rich in hemicellulose as sources of xylan in culture media. For this purpose, the yeast Cryptococcus laurentti and five lignocellulosic materials (defatted rice bran, rice husk, corn cob, oat husks, and soybean tegument), with and without pretreatment, were used as a source of xylan for enzyme production. To insert the by-products in the culture medium, they were dried and treated (if applicable) with 4% (w.v-1) NaOH and then added in a concentration of 2% (w.v-1). The cultures were agitated for 96 h, and the aliquots were removed to determine the enzymatic activities. Among the by-products studied, the maximum activity (8.7 U. mL-1 at pH 7.3) was obtained where rice bran was used. In contrast, corn cob was the by-product that resulted in lower enzyme production (1.6 U.mL-1). Thus, the defatted rice bran deserves special attention in front of the other by-products used since it provides the necessary substrate for producing endo-xylanases by yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Murowaniecki Otero
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Health, Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia, 32 Araújo Pinho, Salvador, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Barão de Jeremoabo, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno Perret
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Avenue Italia Km 8, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Liliane Teixeira
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Avenue Italia Km 8, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Vitória Gautério
- School of Chemistry, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro, 149, 2194, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil.
| | - Susana Juliano Kalil
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Avenue Italia Km 8, Rio Grande, Brazil
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Asiri M, Srivastava N, Singh R, Al Ali A, Tripathi SC, Alqahtani A, Saeed M, Srivastava M, Rai AK, Gupta VK. Rice straw derived graphene-silica based nanocomposite and its application in improved co-fermentative microbial enzyme production and functional stability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162765. [PMID: 36906037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellulases are the one of the most highly demanded industrial biocatalysts due to their versatile applications, such as in the biorefinery industry. However, relatively poor efficiency and high production costs are included as the key industrial constraints that hinder enzyme production and utilization at economic scale. Furthermore, the production and functional efficiency of the β-glucosidase (BGL) enzyme is usually found to be relatively low among the cellulase cocktail produced. Thus, the current study focuses on fungi-mediated improvement of BGL enzyme in the presence of a rice straw-derived graphene-silica-based nanocomposite (GSNCs), which has been characterized using various techniques to analyze its physicochemical properties. Under optimized conditions of solid-state fermentation (SSF), co-fermentation using co-cultured cellulolytic enzyme has been done, and maximum enzyme production of 42 IU/gds FP, 142 IU/gds BGL, and 103 IU/gds EG have been achieved at a 5 mg concentration of GSNCs. Moreover, at a 2.5 mg concentration of nanocatalyst, the BGL enzyme showed its thermal stability at 60°C and 70 °C by holding its half-life relative activity for 7 h, while the same enzyme demonstrated pH stability at pH 8.0 and 9.0 for the 10 h. This thermoalkali BGL enzyme might be useful for the long-term bioconversion of cellulosic biomass into sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Amer Al Ali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Al Nakhil, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subhash C Tripathi
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdulaziz Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; LCB Fertilizer Pvt. Ltd., Shyam Vihar Phase 2, Rani Sati Mandir Road, Lachchhipur, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273015, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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Srivastava N, Singh R, Verma B, Rai AK, Tripathi SC, Bantun F, Faidah H, Singh RP, Jalal NA, Abdel-Razik NE, Haque S. Microbial cellulase production and stability investigations via graphene like carbon nanostructure derived from paddy straw. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124033. [PMID: 36918076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellulases are among the most in-demand bioprocess enzymes, and the high cost of production, combined with their low enzymatic activity, is the main constraint, particularly in the biofuels industry. As a result, low-cost enzyme production modes with high activity and stability have emerged as the primary focus of research. Here, a method for producing a graphene like carbon nanostructure (GLCNs) has been investigated utilizing paddy straw (Ps), and its physicochemical characteristics have been examined using a variety of techniques including XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TEM. Further, the pretreatment of Ps feedstock for cellulase production was done using diluted waste KOH liquid collected during the preparation of the GLCNs. To increase the production and stability of the enzyme, newly prepared GLCNs is utilized as a nanocatalyst. Using 15 mg of GLCNs, 35 IU/gds FP activity was seen after 72 h, followed by 158 IU/gds EG and 114 IU/gds BGL activity in 96 h. This nanocatalyst supported enzyme was thermally stable at 70 °C up to 15 h and exhibited stability at pH 7.0 for 10 h by holding 66 % of its half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Bhawna Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subhash C Tripathi
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naif A Jalal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha E Abdel-Razik
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Improvement of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Production Mediated by Calcium Signaling in Bacillus subtilis Z2 under Graphene Oxide Stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0096022. [PMID: 36121214 PMCID: PMC9552604 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00960-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in exoenzyme production can be enhanced by environmental stresses such as graphene oxide (GO) stress, but the link between the two events is still unclear. In this work, the effect of GO as an environmental stress factor on exoenzyme (lignocellulolytic enzyme, amylase, peptidase, and protease) biosynthesis was investigated in Bacillus subtilis Z2, and a plausible mechanism by which cytosolic Ca2+ regulates lignocellulolytic enzyme production in B. subtilis Z2 subjected to GO stress was proposed. The filter paper-hydrolyzing (FPase [representing total cellulase]), carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase [representing endoglucanase]), and β-glucosidase activities and extracellular protein concentration of the wild-type strain under 10 μg/mL GO stress were 1.37-, 1.64-, 1.24-, and 1.16-fold those of the control (without GO stress), respectively. Correspondingly, the transcription levels of lignocellulolytic enzyme genes, cytosolic Ca2+ level, and biomass concentration of B. subtilis were all increased. With lignocellulolytic enzyme from B. subtilis used to hydrolyze alkali-pretreated rice straw, the released reducing sugar concentration reached 265.53 mg/g, and the removal rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were 52.4%, 30.1%, and 7.5%, respectively. Furthermore, transcriptome data revealed that intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis played a key role in regulating the levels of gene transcription related to the synthesis of lignocellulolytic enzymes and exoenzymes. Finally, the use of Ca2+ inhibitors (LaCl3 and EDTA) and deletion of spcF (a calmodulin-like protein gene) further demonstrated that the overexpression of those genes was regulated via calcium signaling in B. subtilis subjected to GO stress. IMPORTANCE To effectively convert lignocellulose into fermentable sugars, high lignocellulolytic enzyme loading is needed. Graphene oxide (GO) has been shown to promote exoenzyme (lignocellulolytic enzyme, amylase, peptidase, and protease) production in some microorganisms; however, the regulatory mechanism of the biosynthesis of lignocellulolytic enzymes under GO stress remains unclear. In this work, the lignocellulolytic enzyme production of B. subtilis under GO stress was investigated, and the potential mechanism by which B. subtilis enhanced lignocellulolytic enzyme production through the calcium signaling pathway under GO stress was proposed. This work revealed the role of calcium signaling in the production of enzymes under external environmental stress and provided a direction to facilitate lignocellulolytic enzyme production by B. subtilis.
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Srivastava N, Singh R, Kushwaha D, Mokhtar JA, Abujamel TS, Harakeh S, Haque S, Srivastava M, Mishra PK, Gupta VK. Improved biohydrogen production via graphene oxide supported granular system based on algal hydrolyzate, secondary sewage sludge and bacterial consortia. J Biotechnol 2022; 358:41-45. [PMID: 35970360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biohydrogen production using renewable sources has been regarded as one of the most sustainable ways to develop low-cost and green production technology. In order to achieve this objective, herein biohydrogen production has been conducted using the combination of untreated secondary sewage sludge (Sss), algal biomass hydrolyzate (Abh), graphene oxide (GO) and bacterial consortia that forms a granular system. Thus, naturally formed granular system produced cumulative H2 of 1520mL/L in 168h with the maximum production rate of 13.4mL/L/h in 96h at initial pH 7.0, and optimum temperature of 37oC. It is noticed that the combination of Abh, Sss and GO governed medium showed 42.05% higher cumulative H2 production along with 22.71% higher production rate as compared to Abh and Sss based H2 production medium. The strategy presented herein may find potential applications for the low-cost biohydrogen production using waste biomasses including Sss and Abh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Deepika Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jawahir A Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, and Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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Al-Nami SY, Al-Qahtani SD, Snari RM, Ibarhiam SF, Alfi AA, Aldawsari AM, El-Metwaly NM. Preparation of photoluminescent and anticorrosive epoxy paints immobilized with nanoscale graphene from sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60173-60188. [PMID: 35419683 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste has been one of the most common solid pollutants worldwide. Thus, introducing a simple method to convert sugarcane bagasse into value-added materials has been highly significant. Herein, we develop a simple and green strategy to reprocess sugarcane bagasse as a starting material for the preparation of graphene oxide nanosheets toward the preparation of novel photoluminescent, hydrophobic, and anticorrosive epoxy nanocomposite coatings integrated with lanthanide-doped aluminate nanoparticles. Environmentally friendly graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures were provided by a single-step preparation procedure from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) agricultural waste using ferrocene-based oxidation under muffled conditions. The oxidized SCB nanostructures were applied as a drier, anticorrosion, and crosslinking agent for epoxy coatings. Different concentrations of pigment phosphor were applied onto the epoxy coating. The generated epoxy-graphene-aluminate (EGA) paints were then coated onto mild steel. The hydrophobic properties and hardness as well as resistance to scratch of the EGA paints were examined. The transparency and colorimetric screening of the EGA nanocomposite paints were determined by the absorption spectral analysis and CIE Lab parameters. The luminescent translucent paints demonstrated a bright green emission at 520 nm when excited at 372 nm. The anticorrosion properties of the painted steel submerged in NaCl(aq) were inspected by the electrochemical impedance spectral (EIS) method. The EGA paints with phosphor (11% w/w) exhibited the most distinct anti-corrosion properties and long-persistent luminescence. The produced paints displayed high durability and photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Y Al-Nami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salhah D Al-Qahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan M Snari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saham F Ibarhiam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia Abdulaziz Alfi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah M Aldawsari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Acid tolerant multicomponent bacterial enzymes production enhancement under the influence of corn cob waste substrate. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 373:109698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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