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Zou L, Guo S, Wang Y, Shao H, Wu A, Zhao Q. Advancing hydrogen generation: Kinetic insights and process refinement for sorption-enhanced steam gasification of biomass utilizing waste carbide slag. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121717. [PMID: 38981274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Sorption enhanced steam gasification of biomass (SESGB) presents a promising approach for producing high-purity H2 with potential for zero or negative carbon emissions. This study investigated the effects of gasification temperature, CaO to carbon in biomass molar ratio [CaO/C], and steam flow on the SESGB process, employing carbide slag (CS) and its modifications, CSSi2 (mass ratio of CS to SiO2 is 98:2) and CSCG5 (mass ratio of CS to coal gangue (CG) is 95:5), as CaO-based sorbents. The investigation included non-isothermal and isothermal gasification experiments and kinetic analyses using corn cob (CC) in a macro-weight thermogravimetric setup, alongside a fixed-bed pyrolysis-gasification system to assess operational parameter effects on gas product. The results suggested that CO2 capture by CaO reduced the mass loss during the main gasification as the [CaO/C] increased. The appropriate temperature for SESGB process should be selected between 550 and 700 °C at atmospheric pressure. The appropriate amount of sorbent or steam could facilitate the gasification reaction, but excessive addition led to adverse effects. Operational parameters influenced the apparent activation energy (Ea) by affecting various gasification reactions. For each test, Ea at the char gasification stage was significantly higher than that at the rapid pyrolysis stage. The addition of CS notably increased H2 concentration and yield, while sharply reducing CO2 levels. H2 concentration initially rose and then fell with greater steam flow, peaking at 76.11 vol% for a steam flow of 1.0 g/min. H2 yield peaked at 298 mL/g biomass with a steam flow of 1.5 g/min, a gasification temperature of 600 °C and a [CaO/C] of 1.0. Increasing gasification temperature remarkably boosted the H2 and CO2 yields. Optimal conditions for the SESGB using CS as a sorbent, determined via response surface methodology (RSM), include a gasification temperature of 666 °C, a [CaO/C] of 1.99, and a steam flow of 0.5 g/min, under which H2 and CO2 yields were 464 and 48 mL/g biomass, respectively. CSSi2 and CSCG5 demonstrated excellent cyclic H2 production stability, maintaining H2 yields around 440 mL/g biomass and low CO2 yields (∼60 mL/g biomass) across five cycles. The study results offer new insights for the high-value utilization of agroforestry biomass and the reduction and resource utilization of industrial waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zou
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shipeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yungang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Huaishuang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Angjian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilisation of Energy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qinxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Raashid M, Shen X, Waqas Iqbal M, Ali I, Ahmad MS, Simakov DSA, Elkamel A, Shen B. Investigation of the evolved pyrolytic products and energy potential of Bagasse: experimental, kinetic, thermodynamic and boosted regression trees analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130295. [PMID: 38184085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This study explored bagasse's energy potential grown using treated industrial wastewater through various analyses, experimental, kinetic, thermodynamic, and machine learning boosted regression tree methods. Thermogravimetry was employed to determine thermal degradation characteristics, varying the heating rate from 10 to 30 °C/min. The primary pyrolysis products from bagasse are H2, CH4, H2O, CO2, and hydrocarbons. Kinetic parameters were estimated using three model-free methods, yielding activation energies of approximately 245.98 kJ mol-1, 247.58 kJ mol-1, and 244.69 kJ mol-1. Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated the feasibility and reactivity of pyrolysis with ΔH ≈ 240.72 kJ mol-1, ΔG ≈ 162.87 kJ mol-1, and ΔS ≈ 165.35 J mol-1 K-1. The distribution of activation energy was analyzed using the multiple distributed activation energy model. Lastly, boosted regression trees predicted thermal degradation successfully, with an R2 of 0.9943. Therefore, bagasse's potential as an eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels promotes waste utilization and carbon footprint reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Muhammad Raashid
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, New campus, UET Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoqian Shen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Waqas Iqbal
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, New campus, UET Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ali Elkamel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Boxiong Shen
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
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Supee AH, Zaini MAA. Kinetics, thermodynamics, and thermal decomposition behavior of palm oil empty fruit bunch, coconut shell, bamboo, and cardboard pyrolysis: an integrated approach using Coats-Redfern method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1218. [PMID: 37718332 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the kinetics and thermodynamics of biomass pyrolysis. The kinetics of the pyrolysis process was estimated using ten kinetic models from three different mechanisms, namely chemical reaction, diffusion, and nucleation and growth. Results showed that each pyrolysis subdivision was described by a different reaction model, signifying the complex nature of the pyrolysis process. The average values of activation energy determined from the kinetic models for empty fruit bunch, coconut shell, bamboo, and cardboard are 10.2-64.6 kJ/mol, 18.7-186.2 kJ/mol, 8.0-70.8 kJ/mol, and 13.1-277.3 kJ/mol, respectively. The biomass pyrolysis is endothermic and non-spontaneous and would require external energy to initiate the degradation process. The findings are helpful in characterizing the thermal degradation of biomass in exploring its potential as a source of alternative solid fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Hakim Supee
- Faculty of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru City, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre of Lipids Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu-Sina Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru City, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
- Faculty of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru City, Johor, Malaysia.
- Centre of Lipids Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu-Sina Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru City, Johor, Malaysia.
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Cerda-Barrera C, Fernández-Andrade KJ, Alejandro-Martín S. Pyrolysis of Chilean Southern Lignocellulosic Biomasses: Isoconversional Kinetics Analysis and Pyrolytic Products Distribution. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2698. [PMID: 37376344 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass provides potential benefits for obtaining value-added compounds instead of straight burning; as Chile has forestry potential that supports such benefits, it is crucial to understand the biomasses' properties and their thermochemical behaviour. This research presents a kinetic analysis of thermogravimetry, and pyrolysis of representative species in the biomass of southern Chile, heating biomasses at 5 to 40 °C·min-1 rates before being subjected to thermal volatilisation. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated from conversion using model-free methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Friedman (FR)), as well as the Kissinger method based on the maximum reaction rate. The average Ea varied between KAS 117 and 171 kJ·mol-1, FWO 120-170 kJ·mol-1, and FR 115-194 kJ·mol-1 for the five biomasses used. Pinus radiata (PR) was identified as the most suited wood for producing value-added goods based on the Ea profile for the conversion (α), along with Eucalyptus nitens (EN) for its high value of reaction constant (k). Each biomass demonstrated accelerated decomposition (an increase in k relative to α). The highest concentration of bio-oil containing phenolic, ketonic, and furanic compounds was produced by the forestry exploitation biomasses PR and EN, demonstrating the viability of these materials for thermoconversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cerda-Barrera
- Department of Industrial Processes, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Kevin J Fernández-Andrade
- Laboratory of Gas Chromatography and Analytical Pyrolysis, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Wood Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Serguei Alejandro-Martín
- Laboratory of Gas Chromatography and Analytical Pyrolysis, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Wood Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4030000, Chile
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Postawa K, Fałtynowicz H, Pstrowska K, Szczygieł J, Kułażyński M. Artificial neural networks to differentiate the composition and pyrolysis kinetics of fresh and long-stored maize. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128137. [PMID: 36257520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel methodology to determine plant biomass composition using artificial neural networks (ANN) is presented. This study was performed to determine the changes in the composition of fresh and 12 month-long stored biomass samples. The production of biofuels is a common method used to manage agricultural waste. However, owing to the seasonal characteristics of cultivation, storage is necessary in the production chain. The results indicated that cellulose and lignin were stable over time, with a maximum drop of 2.82 pp and 1.72 pp, respectively. Hemicellulose was determined to be less stable, with a drop of up to 9.19 pp after 12 months of storage. Regarding the kinetic parameters, the stored samples required a lower activation energy, but only for the active phase of pyrolysis. The accuracy of the proposed tool was extremely high, with a relative percentage difference as low as 12.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Postawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Hanna Fałtynowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pstrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Szczygieł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Kułażyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Egbosiuba TC. Biochar and bio-oil fuel properties from nickel nanoparticles assisted pyrolysis of cassava peel. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10114. [PMID: 36042740 PMCID: PMC9420488 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct biomass usage as a renewable fuel source and substitute for fossil fuels is discouraging due to high moisture, low energy density and low bulk density. Herein, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted at various heating rates to determine peak decomposition temperatures for the dried cassava peels (DCP). The influence of pyrolysis temperature (300, 400, 500 and 600 °C) and heating rates (10, 20 and 30 °C/min) on the nickel nanoparticles catalyzed decomposition of DCP to produce biochar, bio-oil and biogas was investigated and characterized. The results revealed higher biochar (CBC) yield of 68.59 wt%, 62.55 wt% and 56.92 wt% at lower pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C for the different heating rates of 10, 20 and 30 °C/min. The higher carbon content of 52.39, 53.30 and 55.44 wt% was obtained at elevated temperature of 600 °C and heating rates of 10, 20 and 30 °C/min, respectively. At the pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C and heating rates of 10, 20 and 30 °C/min, the optimum yield of bio-oil (24.35, 17.69 and 18.16 wt%) and biogas (31.35, 42.03 and 46.12 wt%) were attained. A high heating value (HHV) of 28.70 MJ/kg was obtained for the biochar at 600 °C. Through the TGA, FTIR and HRSEM results, the thermal stability, hydrophobicity and structural changes of DCP and CBC samples were established. Similarly, the thermal stability of CBC samples increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Biochar with optimum fuel properties was produced at 600 °C due to the highest carbon content and high heating value (HHV). Improved kinematic viscosity (3.87 mm2/s) and density (0.850 g/cm3) were reported at the temperature of 300 °C and heating rate of 30 °C/min, while a higher pH (4.96), HHV (42.68 MJ/kg) and flash point (53.85 min) were presented by the bio-oil at the temperature of 600 °C and heating rate of 30 °C/min. Hence, DCP produced value-added biochar and bio-oil as renewable energy. Nickel nanoparticles successfully catalyzed the pyrolysis of CP biomass. Temperature and heating rates affected the yield of pyrolysis products. Fixed carbon content increased rapidly with temperature increase. The HHV of both biochar and bio-oil was higher than the DCP biomass. The fuel properties of biochar and bio-oil improved rapidly through NiNPs catalyzed pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Chinedu Egbosiuba
- Chemical Engineering Department, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
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