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Ikhlaq A, Masood Z, Qazi UY, Raashid M, Rizvi OS, Aziz HA, Saad M, Qi F, Javaid R. Efficient treatment of veterinary pharmaceutical industrial wastewater by catalytic ozonation process: degradation of enrofloxacin via molecular ozone reactions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:22187-22197. [PMID: 38403826 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The study focused on the efficacious performance of bimetallic Fe-Zn loaded 3A zeolite in catalytic ozonation for the degradation of highly toxic veterinary antibiotic enrofloxacin in wastewater of the pharmaceutical industry. Batch experiments were conducted in a glass reactor containing a submerged pump holding catalyst pellets at suction. The submerged pump provided the agitation and recirculation across the solution for effective contact with the catalyst. The effect of ozone flow (0.8-1.55 mg/min) and catalyst dose (5-15 g/L) on the enrofloxacin degradation and removal of other conventional pollutants COD, BOD5, turbidity was studied. In batch experiments, 10 g of Fe-Zn 3A zeolite efficiently removed 92% of enrofloxacin, 77% of COD, 69% BOD5, and 61% turbidity in 1 L sample of pharmaceutical wastewater in 30 min at 1.1 mg/min of O3 flow. The catalytic performance of Fe-Zn 3A zeolite notably exceeded the removal efficiencies of 52%, 51%, 52%, and 59% for enrofloxacin, COD, BOD5, and turbidity, respectively, achieved with single ozonation process. Furthermore, an increase in the biodegradability of treated pharmaceutical industrial wastewater was observed and made biodegradable easily for subsequent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ikhlaq
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Masood
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
| | - Umair Yaqub Qazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Raashid
- Chemical Engineering Department KSK Campus, University of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Osama Shaheen Rizvi
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science & Engineering, (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Sector U, DHA, Lahore Cantt, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Abdul Aziz
- Baariq Pharmaceuticals, Sundar Industrial Estate, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Fei Qi
- Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Rahat Javaid
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Zhang Y, Raashid M, Shen X, Waqas Iqbal M, Ali I, Ahmad MS, Simakov DSA, Elkamel A, Shen B. Investigation of the evolved pyrolytic products and energy potential of Bagasse: experimental, kinetic, thermodynamic and boosted regression trees analysis. Bioresour Technol 2024; 394:130295. [PMID: 38184085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This study explored bagasse's energy potential grown using treated industrial wastewater through various analyses, experimental, kinetic, thermodynamic, and machine learning boosted regression tree methods. Thermogravimetry was employed to determine thermal degradation characteristics, varying the heating rate from 10 to 30 °C/min. The primary pyrolysis products from bagasse are H2, CH4, H2O, CO2, and hydrocarbons. Kinetic parameters were estimated using three model-free methods, yielding activation energies of approximately 245.98 kJ mol-1, 247.58 kJ mol-1, and 244.69 kJ mol-1. Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated the feasibility and reactivity of pyrolysis with ΔH ≈ 240.72 kJ mol-1, ΔG ≈ 162.87 kJ mol-1, and ΔS ≈ 165.35 J mol-1 K-1. The distribution of activation energy was analyzed using the multiple distributed activation energy model. Lastly, boosted regression trees predicted thermal degradation successfully, with an R2 of 0.9943. Therefore, bagasse's potential as an eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels promotes waste utilization and carbon footprint reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Muhammad Raashid
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, New campus, UET Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoqian Shen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Waqas Iqbal
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, New campus, UET Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ali Elkamel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Boxiong Shen
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
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Liadi FA, Naqvi AA, Khiari FZ, Raashid M. Phosphorus, sodium and sulphur measurements in compound samples using 2.5 MeV neutron activation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Khan DSA, Das JK, Zareen S, Lassi ZS, Salman A, Raashid M, Dero AA, Khanzada A, Bhutta ZA. Nutritional Status and Dietary Intake of School-Age Children and Early Adolescents: Systematic Review in a Developing Country and Lessons for the Global Perspective. Front Nutr 2022; 8:739447. [PMID: 35187014 PMCID: PMC8848764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.739447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data on malnutrition trends is present for children <5 years of age, however the data for school-going children and adolescents aged 5–15 years is scarce. Objective This systematic review presents the pooled prevalence of nutritional status and dietary intake among school-going children and adolescents (5–15 years of age) in an LMIC of Pakistan and the perspective for broader global nutrition in this age group. Methods An electronic search of databases was run on Pubmed and Medline (via Ovid) along with gray literature and archives of local scientific journals till 2nd January 2021. Studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included and relevant data were extracted, and a pooled proportional analysis was performed. Results A total of 51 studies including 62,148 children of 5–15 years met the inclusion criteria, of which 30 studies reported on anthropometric indices alone, eight on dietary intake patterns while 13 reported both. All of the included studies had a cross-sectional study design. There were 20 studies from the province of Punjab, 15 from Sindh, eight from Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, two from Balochistan, and three from multiple cities across Pakistan. The pooled proportional analysis showed that the proportion of underweight children and adolescents was 25.1% (95% CI 17.3–33.7%); stunting 23% (95% CI 11.8–36.7%); wasting 24% (95% CI 15.2–34%); thinness 12.5% (95% CI 9.4–16.1%); overweight 11.4% (95% CI 7.2–16.3%); and obesity 6.9% (95% CI 3–12%). A relatively high intake of carbohydrates, soft drinks, and sweets/chocolates; and a low intake of protein-rich foods, fruits, and vegetables, compared to the recommended daily allowance (RDA), was reported. Conclusion The limited data suggests the presence of DBM amongst children aged 5–15 years and also identified that dietary intake patterns are not meeting the recommended allowance. This review highlights the gaps and the need for larger, well-designed studies for this age group with the representation of different contexts and the need for similar studies in various LMICs, so that appropriate actions be deliberated and appropriate programs should be designed focusing on this vital population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jai K. Das
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Zareen
- Policy and Strategic Planning Unit, Ministry of Health, Government of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zohra S. Lassi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Afsah Salman
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Raashid
- Policy and Strategic Planning Unit, Ministry of Health, Government of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Aijaz Khanzada
- Ministry of Health, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
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Khan HM, Ali CH, Iqbal T, Yasin S, Sulaiman M, Mahmood H, Raashid M, Pasha M, Mu B. Current scenario and potential of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in Pakistan: An overview. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Naqvi AA, Khiari FZ, Al-Abdallah T, Liadi FA, Raashid M, Isab AA. Detection of sulfur in soil samples using 2.5 MeV neutron activation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Naqvi AA, Khiari FZ, Liadi FA, Khateeb-ur-Rehman, Raashid M, Isab AA. Neutron moderation effects in phc contaiminated soil samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Naqvi AA, Khiari FZ, Maslehuddin M, Gondal MA, Al-Amoudi OSB, Ukashat MS, Ilyas AM, Liadi FA, Isab AA, Khateeb-ur Rehman, Raashid M, Dastageer MA. Pulse height tests of a large diameter fast LaBr₃:Ce scintillation detector. Appl Radiat Isot 2015. [PMID: 26207950 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The pulse height response of a large diameter fast 100 mm × 100 mm LaBr3:Ce detector was measured for 0.1-10 MeV gamma-rays. The detector has a claimed time resolution of 608 ps for 511 keV gamma rays, but has relatively poor energy resolution due to the characteristics of its fast photomultiplier. The detector pulse height response was measured for gamma rays from cobalt, cesium, and bismuth radioisotope sources as well as prompt gamma rays from thermal neutron capture in water samples contaminated with mercury (3.1 wt%), boron (2.5 wt%), cadmium (0.25 wt%), chromium (52 wt%), and nickel (22 wt%) compounds. The energy resolution of the detector was determined from full width at half maximum (FWHM) of element-characteristic gamma ray peaks in the pulse height spectrum associated with the element present in the contaminated water sample. The measured energy resolution of the 100 mm × 100 mm detector varies from 12.7±0.2% to 1.9±0.1% for 0.1 to 10 MeV gamma rays, respectively. The graph showing the energy resolution ΔE/E(%) versus 1/√Eγ was fitted with a linear function to study the detector light collection from the slope of the curve. The slope of the present 100 mm × 100 mm detector is almost twice as large as the slope of a similar curve of previously published data for a 89 mm × 203 mm LaBr3:Ce detector. This indicates almost two times poorer light collection in the 100 mm × 100 mm detector as compared to the other detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Naqvi
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Z Khiari
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Maslehuddin
- Center for Engineering Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Gondal
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - O S B Al-Amoudi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Ukashat
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Ilyas
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Liadi
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khateeb-ur Rehman
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Raashid
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Dastageer
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Naqvi AA, Al-Matouq FA, Khiari FZ, Isab AA, Raashid M, Khateeb-ur-Rehman. Hydrogen, carbon and oxygen determination in proxy material samples using a LaBr3:Ce detector. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 78:145-50. [PMID: 23673256 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen, carbon and oxygen concentrations were measured in caffeine, urea, ammonium acetate and melamine bulk samples via 14 MeV neutron inelastic scattering using a LaBr3:Ce detector. The samples tested herein represent drugs, explosives and benign materials, respectively. Despite its intrinsic activity, the LaBr3:Ce detector performed well in detecting the hydrogen, carbon and oxygen elements. Because 5.1 MeV nitrogen gamma rays interfere with silicon and calcium prompt gamma rays from the room background, the nitrogen peak was not detected in the samples. An excellent agreement was observed between the experimental and theoretical yields of 2.22, 4.43 and 6.13 MeV gamma rays from the analyzed samples as a function of H, C and O concentrations, respectively. Within statistical errors, the minimum detectable concentration (MDC) of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen elements in the tested materials were consistent with previously reported MDC values for these elements measured in hydrocarbon samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Naqvi
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
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Naqvi A, Kalakada Z, Al-Anezi M, Raashid M, Khateeb-ur-Rehman, Maslehuddin M, Garwan M. Low energy prompt gamma-ray tests of a large volume BGO detector. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:222-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Naqvi A, Garwan M, Maslehuddin M, Nagadi M, Al-Amoudi O, Raashid M. Response of a PGNAA setup for pozzolan-based cement concrete specimens. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:635-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Naqvi A, Garwan M, Maslehuddin M, Nagadi M, Al-Amoudi O, Khateeb-ur-Rehman, Raashid M. Prompt gamma analysis of fly ash, silica fume and Superpozz blended cement concrete specimen. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:1707-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Al-Jarallah M, Naqvi A, Fazal-ur-Rehman, Maselehuddin M, Abu-Jarad F, Raashid M. Neutron moderation in a bulk sample and its effects on PGNAA setup geometry. RADIAT MEAS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4487(03)00174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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