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Cao K, Huang X, Wang CD, Yu JH, Gui WJ, Zhang S. Refractory degradable dissolved organic matter (R-DOM) driving nitrogen removal by the electric field coupled iron‑carbon biofilter (E-ICBF): Performance and microbial mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 936:173374. [PMID: 38795998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Researches on the advanced nitrogen (N) removal of municipal tailwater always overlooked the value of refractory degradable dissolved organic matter (R-DOM). In this study, a novel electric field coupled iron‑carbon biofilter (E-ICBF) was utilized to explore the performance and microbial changes with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the representative R-DOM. Results demonstrated that the removal efficiencies of E-ICBF for nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total nitrogen (TN) improved by 28.76 %, 12.96 %, and 28.45 %, compared to quartz sand biofilter (SBF). Moreover, removal efficiencies of NO3--N and TN in E-ICBF with R-DOM went up by 12.11 % and 14.02 % compared to methanol. Additionally, both PEG and the electric field reduced the microbial richness and diversity. However, PEG promoted the increase of denitrifying bacteria abundance including unclassified_f_Comamonadaceae, Thauera, and unclassified_f_Gallionellaceae. The electric field improved the abundances of genes related to N removal (hao, nasC, nasA, nifH, nifD, nifK) and PEG further enhanced the effect. The abundances of key enzymes [EC:1.7.5.1], [EC:1.7.2.1], [EC:1.7.2.4], and [EC:1.7.2.5] decreased due to the addition of PEG and the electric field mitigated the negative influence. Additionally, the electric field changed relationships between microorganisms and pollutant removal, and improved interspecific relationships between denitrifying bacterial genera and other genera in E-ICBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Cheng-Da Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wen-Jing Gui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Pan Y, Hua TW, Sun RZ, Fu YY, Xiao ZC, Wang J, Yu HQ. Machine Learning-Assisted Optimization of Mixed Carbon Source Compositions for High-Performance Denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12498-12508. [PMID: 38900106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Appropriate mixed carbon sources have great potential to enhance denitrification efficiency and reduce operational costs in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, traditional methods struggle to efficiently select the optimal mixture due to the variety of compositions. Herein, we developed a machine learning-assisted high-throughput method enabling WWTPs to rapidly identify and optimize mixed carbon sources. Taking a local WWTP as an example, a mixed carbon source denitrification data set was established via a high-throughput method and employed to train a machine learning model. The composition of carbon sources and the types of inoculated sludge served as input variables. The XGBoost algorithm was employed to predict the total nitrogen removal rate and microbial growth, thereby aiding in the assessment of the denitrification potential. The predicted carbon sources exhibited an enhanced denitrification potential over single carbon sources in both kinetic experiments and long-term reactor operations. Model feature analysis shows that the cumulative effect and interaction among individual carbon sources in a mixture significantly enhance the overall denitrification potential. Metagenomic analysis reveals that the mixed carbon sources increased the diversity and complexity of denitrifying bacterial ecological networks in WWTPs. This work offers an efficient method for WWTPs to optimize mixed carbon source compositions and provides new insights into the mechanism behind enhanced denitrification under a supply of multiple carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tian-Wei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rui-Zhe Sun
- School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ying-Ying Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Zhu Y, Li Z, Ren Z, Zhang M, Huo Y, Li Z. A novel simultaneous short-course nitrification, denitrification and fermentation process: bio-enhanced phenol degradation and denitrification in a single reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:726. [PMID: 38995468 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The feasibility of a simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and fermentation process (SNDF) under electric stirrer agitation conditions was verified in a single reactor. Enhanced activated sludge for phenol degradation and denitrification in pharmaceutical phenol-containing wastewater under low dissolved oxygen conditions, additional inoculation with Comamonas sp. BGH and optimisation of co-metabolites were investigated. At a hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 28 h, 15 mg/L of substrate as strain BGH co-metabolised substrate degraded 650 ± 50 mg/L phenol almost completely and was accompanied by an incremental increase in the quantity of strain BGH. Strain BGH showed enhanced phenol degradation. Under trisodium citrate co-metabolism, strain BGH combined with activated sludge treated phenol wastewater and degraded NO2--N from 50 ± 5 to 0 mg/L in only 7 h. The removal efficiency of this group for phenol, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TN was 99.67%, 90.25% and 98.71%, respectively, at an HRT of 32 h. The bioaugmentation effect not only promotes the degradation of pollutants, but also increases the abundance of dominant bacteria in activated sludge. Illumina MiSeq sequencing research showed that strain BGH promoted the growth of dominant genera (Acidaminobacter, Raineyella, Pseudarcobacter) and increased their relative abundance in the activated sludge system. These genera are resistant to toxicity and organic matter degradation. This paper provides some reference for the activated sludge to degrade high phenol pharmaceutical wastewater under the action of biological enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
| | - Zhiling Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Zichun Ren
- Shanghai Fengxian District Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai, China
| | - Minli Zhang
- Shanghai Sustainable Accele-Tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoqiang Huo
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Zhenxin Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
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Yang L, Liu Y, Li C, Li P, Zhang A, Liu Z, Wang Z, Wei C, Yang Z, Li Z. Optimizing carbon sources regulation in the biochemical treatment systems for coal chemical wastewater: Aromatic compounds biodegradation and microbial response strategies. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121627. [PMID: 38642539 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The complex composition of coal chemical wastewater (CCW), marked by numerous highly toxic aromatic compounds, induces the destabilization of the biochemical treatment system, leading to suboptimal treatment efficacy. In this study, a biochemical treatment system was established to efficiently degrade aromatic compounds by quantitatively regulating the dosage of co-metabolized substrates (specifically, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) Glucose: COD Sodium acetate = 3:1, 1:3, and 1:1). The findings demonstrated that the system achieved optimal performance under the condition that the ratio of COD Glucose to COD Sodium acetate was 3:1. When the co-metabolized substrate was added to the system at an optimal ratio, examination of pollutant removal and cumulative effects revealed that the removal efficiencies for COD and total organic carbon (TOC) reached 94.61 % and 86.40 %, respectively. The removal rates of benzene series, nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenols were 100 %, 100 %, 63.58 %, and 94.12 %, respectively. Research on the physiological response of microbial cells showed that, under optimal ratio regulation, co-metabolic substrates led to a substantial rise in microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion, particularly extracellular proteins. When the system reached the end of its operation, the contents of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) for proteins in the optimal group were 7.12 mg/g-SS and 152.28 mg/g-SS, respectively. Meanwhile, the ratio of α-Helix / (β-Sheet + Random coil) and the proportion of intermolecular interaction forces were also increased in the optimal group. At system completion, the ratio of α-Helix / (β-Sheet + Random coil) reached 0.717 (LB-EPS) and 0.618 (TB-EPS), respectively. Additionally, the proportion of intermolecular interaction forces reached 74.83 % (LB-EPS) and 55.03 % (TB-EPS). An in-depth analysis of the metabolic regulation of microorganisms indicated that the introduction of optimal ratios of co-metabolic substrates contributed to a noteworthy upregulation in the expression of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) and Dehydrogenase (DHA). The expression levels of C23O and DHA were measured at 0.029 U/mg Pro·g MLSS and 75.25 mg TF·(g MLSS·h)-1 (peak value), respectively. Correspondingly, enrichment of aromatic compound-degrading bacteria, including Thauera, Saccharimonadales, and Candidatus_Competibacter, occurred, along with the upregulation of associated functional genes such as Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, and Protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase. Considering the intricate system of multiple coexisting aromatic compounds in real CCW, this study not only obtained an optimal ratio for carbon source addition but also enhanced the efficient utilization of carbon sources and improved the capability of the system to effectively degrade aromatic compounds. Additionally, this paper established a theoretical foundation for metabolic regulation and harmless treatment within the biochemical treatment of intricate systems, exemplified by real CCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Chen Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Aining Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Chunxiao Wei
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Mandal RR, Bashir Z, Mandal JR, Raj D. Potential strategies for phytoremediation of heavy metals from wastewater with circular bioeconomy approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:502. [PMID: 38700594 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution is an inextricable problem that stems from natural and human-related factors. Unfortunately, with rapid industrialization, the problem has escalated to alarming levels. The pollutants that contribute to water pollution include heavy metals (HMs), chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and other industrial byproducts. Numerous methods are used for treating HMs in wastewater, like ion exchange, membrane filtration, chemical precipitation, adsorption, and electrochemical treatment. But the remediation through the plant, i.e., phytoremediation is the most sustainable approach to remove the contaminants from wastewater. Aquatic plants illustrate the capacity to absorb excess pollutants including organic and inorganic compounds, HMs, and pharmaceutical residues present in agricultural, residential, and industrial discharges. The extensive exploitation of these hyperaccumulator plants can be attributed to their abundance, invasive mechanisms, potential for bioaccumulation, and biomass production. Post-phytoremediation, plant biomass can be toxic to both water bodies and soil. Therefore, the circular bioeconomy approach can be applied to reuse and repurpose the toxic plant biomass into different circular bioeconomy byproducts such as biochar, biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel is essential. In this regard, the current review highlights the potential strategies for the phytoremediation of HMs in wastewater and various strategies to efficiently reuse metal-enriched biomass material and produce commercially valuable products. The implementation of circular bioeconomy practices can help overcome significant obstacles and build a new platform for an eco-friendlier lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Ranjan Mandal
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, 522503, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Zahid Bashir
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, 522503, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Ranjan Mandal
- Electro-Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Deep Raj
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, 522503, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Li W, Li X, Zhang Q, Kao C, Hou X, Peng Y. Recent advances of partial anammox by controlling nitrite supply in mainstream wastewater treatment through step-feed mode. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168965. [PMID: 38030009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
At present, the step-feed process is a very active branch in practical application of mainstream wastewater treatment, and the anammox technology empowers the sustainable development and in-depth research of step-feed process. This review provides a systematically inspection of the realization and application of partial anammox process through step-feed mode, with a particular focus on controlling nitrite supply for anammox. The characteristics and advantages of step-feed mode in traditional management are reviewed. The unique organics utilization strategy by step-feed and indispensable intermittent aeration mode creates advantages for achieving nitritation (NH4+ → NO2-) and denitratation (NO3- → NO2-), providing flexible combination possibility with anammox. Additionally, the lab- or pilot-scale control strategies with different forms of anammox, including nitritation/anammox, denitratation/anammox, and double-anammox (combined nitritation/anammox and denitratation/anammox), are summarized. Finally, future directions and application perspectives on leveraging the relationship between flocs and biofilm, nitritation and denitratation, and different strains to maximize the anammox proportion in N-removal are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Chengkun Kao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiaohang Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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Fan W, Huang X, Xiong J, Wang S. Salinity stress results in ammonium and nitrite accumulation during the elemental sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification process. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1353965. [PMID: 38419625 PMCID: PMC10901299 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1353965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of salinity on elemental sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification (SAD) efficiency, and microbial communities. The results revealed that when the salinity was ≤6 g/L, the nitrate removal efficiency in SAD increased with the increasing salinity reaching 95.53% at 6 g/L salinity. Above this salt concentration, the performance of SAD gradually decreased, and the nitrate removal efficiency decreased to 33.63% at 25 g/L salinity. Approximately 5 mg/L of the hazardous nitrite was detectable at 15 g/L salinity, but decreased at 25 g/L salinity, accompanied by the generation of ammonium. When the salinity was ≥15 g/L, the abundance of the salt-tolerant microorganisms, Thiobacillus and Sulfurimonas, increased, while that of other microbial species decreased. This study provides support for the practical application of elemental sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification in saline nitrate wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuejiao Huang
- Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Technology, Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Technology, Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Technology, Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
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Tang M, Du R, Cao S, Berry M, Peng Y. Tracing and utilizing nitrogen loss in wastewater treatment: The trade-off between performance improvement, energy saving, and carbon footprint reduction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119525. [PMID: 37948961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen removal is widely applied to reduce the discharge of inorganic nitrogen and mitigate the eutrophication of receiving water. However, nitrogen loss is frequently observed in wastewater treatment systems, yet the underlying principle and potential enlightenment is still lacking a comprehensive discussion. With the development and application of novel biological technologies, there are increasing achievement in the deep understanding and mechanisms of nitrogen loss processes. This article reviews the potential and novel pathways of nitrogen loss, occurrence mechanisms, influential factors, and control strategies. A survey of recent literature showed that 3%∼73% of nitrogen loss beyond the nitrogen budget can be ascribed to the unintentional presence of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, partial nitrification/anammox, and endogenous denitrification processes, under low dissolved oxygen (DO) and limited available organic carbon source at aerobic conditions. Key influential parameters, including DO, aeration strategies, solid retention time (SRT), hydraulic retention time (HRT), temperature and pH, significantly affect both the potential pathways of nitrogen loss and its quantitative contribution. Notably, the widespread and spontaneous growth of anammox bacteria is an important reason for ammonia escape at anaerobic/anoxic conditions, leading to 7%∼78% of nitrogen loss through anammox pathway. Moreover, the unwanted nitrous oxide (N2O) emission should also be considered as a key pathway in nitrogen loss. Future development of new nitrogen removal technologies is proposed to suppress the generation of harmful nitrogen losses and reduce the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment by controlling key influential parameters. Transforming "unintentional observation" to "intentional action" as high-efficiency and energy-efficient nitrogen removal process provides a new approach for the development of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Shenbin Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Maxence Berry
- Department of Process Engineering and Bioprocesses, Polytech Nantes, Campus of Gavy, Saint-Nazaire, 44603, France
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
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9
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Pan Z, Li Z, Zeng B, Shen L, Lin H. Enhanced denitrification performance of granular sludge for the treatment of waste brine from ion exchange resin process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118473. [PMID: 37413732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Ion exchange resin process is a widely used process in wastewater treatment plants, but its waste brine is characterized by high salinity and nitrate concentration, leading to costly treatment. This study innovatively explored the use of an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (USB) for the treatment of waste brine from ion exchange resin process, following a pilot-scale ion exchange resin process. Specifically, the D890 ion exchange resin was employed for nitrate removal from secondary effluent, with resin regeneration using 4% NaCl solution. The USB was inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge and acclimated under various single-factor conditions, which revealed the optimal pH range of 6.5-9, salt concentration of 2%, hydraulic retention time of 12 h, C/N ratio of 3.3, and up-flow velocity of 1.5 m/h for reactor operation. This study provides a novel approach for the cost-effective treatment of waste brine from ion exchange resin process. The study found that the denitrification efficiency was highest when the NO3--N concentration was around 200 mg/L, with NO3--N and TN removal rates exceeding 95% and 90%, respectively, under optimal operating conditions. Characterization of the granular sludge during different phases of the operation revealed a significant increase in proteobacteria and gradually became the dominant species over time. This study presents a novel, cost-effective approach to treat waste brine from ion exchange resin process, and the long-term stable operation of the reactor offers a reliable option for resin regeneration wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Pan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Zhongqiang Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Bizhen Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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10
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Yang M, Jiao Y, Sun L, Miao J, Song X, Yin M, Yan L, Sun N. The performance and mechanism of tetracycline and ammonium removal by Pseudomonas sp. DX-21. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129484. [PMID: 37442397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
To remove ammonium and tetracycline (TC) from wastewater, a new strain, DX-21, was isolated and exhibited simultaneous removal ability. The performance of DX-21 in TC removal, its removal mechanism, and the potential toxicities of the degradation products were investigated with genomics, mass spectrometry, density functional theory calculations, quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses, and Escherichia coli exposure experiments. DX-21 exhibited removal of ammonium (9.64 mg·L-1·h-1) via assimilation, and TC removal (0.85 mg·L-1·h-1) primarily occurred through cell surface bio-adsorption and biodegradation. Among the 12 identified degradation products, the majority exhibited lower toxicities than TC. Moreover, potential degradation pathways were proposed, including hydroxylation and deamination. Furthermore, DX-21 possessed TC resistance genes, various oxygenases and peroxidases that could potentially contribute to TC degradation. DX-21 colonized activated sludge and significantly enhanced the biodegradation of TC. Therefore, DX-21 showed potential for treating wastewater containing both ammonium and TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Yang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Jiao
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Luoting Sun
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingwen Miao
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xu Song
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingyue Yin
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lilong Yan
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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11
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Wang F, Bo Z, Dong X, Zhou X, Hu X. Nitrogen removal performance of aerobic denitrifying bacteria enhanced by an iron-anode pulsed electric field. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2019-2032. [PMID: 37906456 PMCID: wst_2023_334 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed electric field (PEF) technology has attracted considerable attention because it can efficiently treat pollutants that are difficult to degrade. In this study, a PEF system using iron as the electrode was constructed to investigate the effect of PEF-Fe on the growth and metabolism of aerobic denitrifying bacteria and the effectiveness of wastewater nitrogen removal. The chemical oxygen demand, NO3--N and nitrate removal rates were 98.93%, 97.60% and 24.40 mg·L-1·h-1, respectively, under optimal conditions. As confirmed in this study, PEF-Fe could improve the key enzyme activities of W207-14. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the surface of PEF-Fe-treated W207-14 was intact and smooth without any irreversible deformation. Flow cytometry combined with fluorescence staining analysis also confirmed reversible electroporation on the cell membrane surface of PEF-Fe-treated W207-14. Differentially expressed gene enrichment analysis showed that PEF-Fe activated the transmembrane transport function of ATP-binding cassette transporte (ABC) transport proteins and enhanced the cell membrane permeability of aerobic denitrifying bacteria. The significant differential expression of iron-sulphur cluster proteins facilitated the regulation of electron transport and maintenance of the dynamic balance of iron ions within the PEF-Fe system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Institute of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110014, China; Liaoning HaiTianGe Environmental Protection Technology CO., LTD, Shenfu Reform and Innovation Demonstration Zone, Liaoning, 113122, China; These authors contributed equally to this study. E-mail:
| | - Zhang Bo
- Institute of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110014, China; These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Xiaonan Dong
- Liaoning Municipal Engineering Design h&Research Institute CO., LTD, Shenyang 110006, China
| | - Xingxing Zhou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Ningxia Institute of Science and Technology, Shizuishan 753000, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Institute of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110014, China
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12
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Cui H, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Li X, Peng Y, Wang C. Enhancing nitrogen removal of carbon-limited municipal wastewater in step-feed biofilm batch reactor through integration of anammox. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129091. [PMID: 37105262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological nitrogen removal of municipal wastewater was successfully improved by integrating anammox in a step-feed sequencing biofilm batch reactor. Despite fluctuating influent carbon to nitrogen ratio (1.9-5.1) and decreasing temperature (24.1-16.3 ℃), nitrogen removal efficiency of 95.9 ± 1.4 % and nitrogen removal rate of 0.23 ± 0.02 kg N/(m3·d) were successfully maintained without requirement of external carbon sources. The advanced removal performance was mainly attributed to the enhanced anammox. Anammox bacteria presented a high relative abundance (42.9% in biofilms, 1.5% in flocs) and anammox activity was as high as 5.42 ± 0.12 mg N/(g volatile suspended solids·h). Further analysis suggested that flexible control of influent organic and ammonium through step-feeding could provide multiple substrate supply for anammox reaction, potentially resulting in stable combination of anammox with hybrid-nitrite-shunt processes. Overall, this study provides a promising anammox-related application with simple-control step-feed strategy for enhanced and stable nitrogen removal from carbon-limited municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Guangdong Shouhui Lantian Engineering and Technology Co., Ltd., Units 01 and 04, 5/F, Xingguang Yingjing Commercial Center, 117 Shuiyin Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, PR China
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13
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Liu T, Li Q, Quan X. Step-feed sequence batch reactor filled with surface-modified carriers can enhance nitrogen removal from low C/N ratio wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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14
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Yu X, Chen H, Liu Y, Yu L, Wang K, Xue G. Iron scraps packing rapidly enhances nitrogen removal in an aerobic sludge system and the mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159081. [PMID: 36179843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) has the advantage of energy saving and carbon demand reduction. Here, readily available low-cost iron scraps packing was added to an aerobic sludge system. This successfully enhanced the efficiency of total nitrogen removal from 37.7 ± 13.2 % to 62.7 ± 7.9 % over 2 days. While electrons from iron biocorrosion did not contribute to nitrate reduction, iron promoted heterotrophic denitrification. The iron scraps changed the spatial distribution of the microbial community, where more denitrification bacteria accumulated around the packing and higher denitrification capacity was noted. Metagenomic analysis of the sludge cultured in the presence of iron scraps for 2 days revealed that, with the exception of the enriched amoA/B/C gene expression, the abundance of other key nitrogen removal genes showed little variation. Furthermore, the structure of the microbial community was unchanged probably due to the relatively short culturing period. However, metatranscriptomic analysis indicated that iron increased the abundance of nitrifying bacteria (i.e. unclassified Nitrosomonas, Nitrosomonas sp. Is79A3 and Nitrospira defluvii) and promoted higher expression of nitrification genes. Notably, iron scraps packing decreased the abundance of the key denitrification bacteria Thauera sp. MZ1T from 52.92 to 7.58 %. The expression of napA/B also decreased, while expression of narG/H/I increased by 9 to 23 fold and a 2 to 3 fold over expression was noted for nirS, norB/C and nosZ in the presence of iron scraps. This suggested that aerobic denitrification was inhibited and anaerobic denitrification was promoted. This study has provided in-depth understanding of the influence of iron on SND to improve the application of iron-supported biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yunfan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Luying Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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15
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Ni M, Pan Y, Li D, Huang Y, Chen Z, Li L, Song Z, Zhao Y. Metagenomics reveals the metabolism of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in biofilm sequencing batch reactor: A new model. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127603. [PMID: 35835418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of the operating conditions of the biofilm sequencing batch reactor (BSBR) on the community structure and the growth/metabolic pathways of its polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs). There are significant difference with reference to the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. The leading PAOs in BSBR generally are capable of high affinity acetate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and low affinity phosphate transport, and have various carbon source supplementation pathways to ensure the efficient circulation of energy and reducing power. A new model of the metabolic mechanism of PAOs in the BSBR was formulated, which features low glycogen metabolism with simultaneous gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and differs significantly from the classic mechanism based on Candidatus_Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera. The findings will assist the efficient recovery of low concentration phosphate in municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Dapeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | | | - Yimeng Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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