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Komiyama M, Mori T, Ariga K. Molecular Imprinting: Materials Nanoarchitectonics with Molecular Information. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Komiyama
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Taizo Mori
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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Luo J, Huang J, Cong J, Wei W, Liu X. Double Recognition and Selective Extraction of Glycoprotein Based on the Molecular Imprinted Graphene Oxide and Boronate Affinity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7735-7744. [PMID: 28191926 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Specific recognition and separation of glycoproteins from complex biological solutions is very important in clinical diagnostics considering the close relationship between glycoproteins with the occurrence of diverse diseases, but the lack of materials with high selectivity and superior capture capacity still makes it a challenge. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) based molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) possessing double recognition abilities have been synthesized and applied as highly efficient adsorbents for glycoprotein recognition and separation. Boronic acid functionalized graphene oxide (GO-APBA) was first prepared and a template glycoprotein (ovalbumin, OVA) was then immobilized onto the surface of GO-APBA through boronate affinity. An imprinting layer was subsequently deposited onto GO-APBA surface by a sol-gel polymerization of organic silanes in aqueous solution. After the removal of the template glycoprotein, 3D cavities with double recognition abilities toward OVA were obtained in the as-prepared imprinted materials (GO-APBA/MIPs) because of the combination of boronate affinity and molecularly imprinted spatial matched cavities. The obtained GO-APBA/MIPs exhibited superior specific recognition toward OVA with imprinted factor (α) as high as 9.5, significantly higher than the corresponding value (4.0) of GO/MIPs without the introduction of boronic acid groups. Meanwhile, because of the synergetic effect of large surface area of graphene and surface imprinting, high binding capacity and fast adsorption/elution rate of GO-APBA/MIPs toward OVA were demonstrated and the saturation binding capacity of GO-APBA/MIPs could reach 278 mg/g within 40 min. The outstanding recognizing behavior (high adsorption capacity, highly specific recognition, and rapid binding rate) coupled to the facile and environmentally friendly preparation procedure makes GO-APBA/MIPs promising in the recognition, separation, and analysis of glycoproteins in clinics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Cong
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China
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Characterization of the Binding Properties of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 150:51-93. [PMID: 25796622 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The defining characteristic of the binding sites of any particular molecularly imprinted material is heterogeneity: that is, they are not all identical. Nonetheless, it is useful to study their fundamental binding properties, and to obtain average properties. In particular, it has been instructive to compare the binding properties of imprinted and non-imprinted materials. This chapter begins by considering the origins of this site heterogeneity. Next, the properties of interest of imprinted binding sites are described in brief: affinity, selectivity, and kinetics. The binding/adsorption isotherm, the graph of concentration of analyte bound to a MIP versus concentration of free analyte at equilibrium, over a range of total concentrations, is described in some detail. Following this, the techniques for studying the imprinted sites are described (batch-binding assays, radioligand binding assays, zonal chromatography, frontal chromatography, calorimetry, and others). Thereafter, the parameters that influence affinity, selectivity and kinetics are discussed (solvent, modifiers of organic solvents, pH of aqueous solvents, temperature). Finally, mathematical attempts to fit the adsorption isotherms for imprinted materials, so as to obtain information about the range of binding affinities characterizing the imprinted sites, are summarized.
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Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
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Monte Carlo simulation of protein adsorption on energetically heterogeneous surfaces. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:278098. [PMID: 25136574 PMCID: PMC4124203 DOI: 10.1155/2014/278098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The modified triangular-well potential model was applied to incorporate the effect of surface energy on the adsorption of particles or proteins on energetically heterogeneous surfaces. The method is convenient in simulating the adsorption on heterogeneous surface of which different region possesses different free energy. Spherical particles with attractive forces were added on the surface and underwent surface diffusion before they were quenched in place. It was seen that the ratio of surface energies of two regions had to be greater than 10 in order to simulate the adsorption in which the particles were selectively adsorbed on a favorable area. At a fixed ratio of surface energies, the obtained structures were similar. If the ratio was less than 10, the probability of adsorption on any site on the surface was not much different so the adsorption would be homogeneous adsorption. The method, thus, could be applied widely to simulate the adsorption of various conditions.
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Lin Z, Sun L, Liu W, Xia Z, Yang H, Chen G. Synthesis of boronic acid-functionalized molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles for glycoprotein recognition and enrichment. J Mater Chem B 2013; 2:637-643. [PMID: 32261281 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel imprinting strategy using reversible covalent complexation of glycoprotein is described for creating glycoprotein-specific recognition cavities on 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid-immobilized silica nanoparticles (SiO2@AAPBA). Two kinds of organic silanes (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and n-octyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS)) were then polymerized on the surface of SiO2@AAPBA after the template (horseradish peroxidase (HRP)) was covalently immobilized by forming cyclic boronate complexes and their influence was examined. The results showed that not only the silane composition but also the relative proportions play an important role in glycoprotein imprinting. The template recognition properties were evaluated by single-protein or competitive batch rebinding experiments, and the results showed that the HRP-imprinted silica nanoparticles (HRP-MIP silica NPs) exhibited higher recognition ability and selectivity towards the template than the nonimprinted silica NPs and their corresponding imprinted factor (a) reached 2.71. The as-prepared HRP-MIP silica NPs could not only differentiate the template from another glycoprotein, but also enrich HRP from spiked human serum. The good results demonstrated their potential in glycoproteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Preparation of boronate-functionalized molecularly imprinted monolithic column with polydopamine coating for glycoprotein recognition and enrichment. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:141-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Whitcombe MJ, Chianella I, Larcombe L, Piletsky SA, Noble J, Porter R, Horgan A. The rational development of molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors for protein detection. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:1547-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Chuang SW, Rick J, Chou TC. Electrochemical characterisation of a conductive polymer molecularly imprinted with an Amadori compound. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3170-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen YW, Rick J, Chou TC. A systematic approach to forming micro-contact imprints of creatine kinase. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:488-94. [DOI: 10.1039/b813361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang H, Li W, He X, Chen L, Zhang Y. m-Aminophenylboronic Acid as a Functional Monomer for Fabricating Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Recognition of Bovine Serum Albumin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2008; 68:1291-1296. [PMID: 20011610 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using m-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) as a functional monomer, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) imprinted with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was fabricated on activated glass spheres under optimized conditions. Key factors in the prepolymerization reaction (between APBA and BSA), such as buffer pH, ionic strength and reaction time, were carefully optimized as previously reported [1]. The interaction between APBA and BSA during the prepolymerization stage was investigated and optimized, and ideal conditions for protein rebinding experiments were determined as well. Protein rebinding and enriching properties of polymers were studied in single and competitive binding protocols, respectively. The key point of the present paper is that the binding selectivity of polymers may be estimated by the amount of bound-protein recovered from a protein-saturated polymer. Results demonstrated that the selectivity of MIP towards its template protein is superior to that of non-imprinted polymer (NIP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Takeuchi T, Hishiya T. Molecular imprinting of proteins emerging as a tool for protein recognition. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2459-67. [PMID: 18600264 DOI: 10.1039/b715737c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article gives the recent developments in molecular imprinting for proteins. Currently bio-macromolecules such as antibodies and enzymes are mainly employed for protein recognition purposes. However, such bio-macromolecules are sometimes difficult to find and/or produce, therefore, receptor-like synthetic materials such as protein-imprinted polymers have been intensively studied as substitutes for natural receptors. Recent advances in protein imprinting shown here demonstrate the possibility of this technique as a future technology of protein recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Matsunaga T, Hishiya T, Takeuchi T. Optimization of Functional Monomer Content in Protein‐Imprinted Polymers. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701588275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Turner NW, Liu X, Piletsky SA, Hlady V, Britt DW. Recognition of conformational changes in beta-lactoglobulin by molecularly imprinted thin films. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:2781-7. [PMID: 17665947 PMCID: PMC2637992 DOI: 10.1021/bm7004774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis in protein conformational diseases is initiated by changes in protein secondary structure. This molecular restructuring presents an opportunity for novel shape-based detection approaches, as protein molecular weight and chemistry are otherwise unaltered. Here we apply molecular imprinting to discriminate between distinct conformations of the model protein beta-lactoglobulin (BLG). Thermal- and fluoro-alcohol-induced BLG isoforms were imprinted in thin films of 3-aminophenylboronic acid on quartz crystal microbalance chips. Enhanced rebinding of the template isoform was observed in all cases when compared to the binding of nontemplate isoforms over the concentration range of 1-100 microg mL(-1). Furthermore, it was observed that the greater the changes in the secondary structure of the template protein the lower the binding of native BLG challenges to the imprint, suggesting a strong steric influence in the recognition system. This feasibility study is a first demonstration of molecular imprints for recognition of distinct conformations of the same protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Turner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
- Cranfield Health, Cranfield University at Silsoe, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, MK45 4DT, U.K
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan Utah 84322
| | - Sergey A. Piletsky
- Cranfield Health, Cranfield University at Silsoe, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, MK45 4DT, U.K
| | - Vladimir Hlady
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - David W. Britt
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan Utah 84322
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Matsunaga T, Hishiya T, Takeuchi T. Surface plasmon resonance sensor for lysozyme based on molecularly imprinted thin films. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 591:63-7. [PMID: 17456425 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2006] [Revised: 02/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) selective for lysozyme were prepared on SPR sensor chips by radical co-polymerization with acrylic acid and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. Gold-coated SPR sensor chips were modified with N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine, on which MIP thin films were covalently conjugated. The presence of NaCl during the polymerization and the re-binding tests affected the selectivity and the optimization of NaCl concentration in the pre-polymerization mixture and the re-binding buffer could enhance the selectivity in the target protein sensing. When the lysozyme-imprinted polymer thin films were prepared in the presence of 40 mM NaCl, the selectivity factor (target protein bound/reference protein bound) of MIP in the re-binding buffer containing 20 mM NaCl was 9.8, meanwhile, that of MIP in the re-binding buffer without NaCl was 1.2. A combination of SPR sensing technology with protein-imprinted thin films is a promising tool for the construction of selective protein sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takateru Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Nada, Rokkodai, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Yan CL, Lu Y, Gao SY. Coating lysozyme molecularly imprinted thin films on the surface of microspheres in aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Turner NW, Jeans CW, Brain KR, Allender CJ, Hlady V, Britt DW. From 3D to 2D: a review of the molecular imprinting of proteins. Biotechnol Prog 2006; 22:1474-89. [PMID: 17137293 PMCID: PMC2666979 DOI: 10.1021/bp060122g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a generic technology that allows for the introduction of sites of specific molecular affinity into otherwise homogeneous polymeric matrices. Commonly this technique has been shown to be effective when targeting small molecules of molecular weight <1500, while extending the technique to larger molecules such as proteins has proven difficult. A number of key inherent problems in protein imprinting have been identified, including permanent entrapment, poor mass transfer, denaturation, and heterogeneity in binding pocket affinity, which have been addressed using a variety of approaches. This review focuses on protein imprinting in its various forms, ranging from conventional bulk techniques to novel thin film and monolayer surface imprinting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Turner
- Cranfield Health, Cranfield University at Silsoe, Silsoe MK45 4DT, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Christopher W. Jeans
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF1 3XF, UK
| | - Keith R. Brain
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF1 3XF, UK
| | - Christopher J. Allender
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF1 3XF, UK
| | - Vladimir Hlady
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - David W. Britt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322
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Rick J, Chou TC. Using protein templates to direct the formation of thin-film polymer surfaces. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:544-9. [PMID: 16919439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein imprinted electrodes formed by the cyclic voltammetric deposition of conductive polymers, on screen-printed platinum supports, in the presence of target proteins have been fabricated. An initial layer of polypyrrole was used as a supporting polymer layer, upon which were formed two layers of polyaminophenylboronic acid. The first of these layers was non-imprinted and formed a barrier between the polypyrrole and the outer layer, which was deposited in the presence of a protein template (lysozyme or cytochrome c). After protein extraction, re-binding of the template proteins to their respective imprinted electrodes showed a distinct two-phase binding profile; whereas, binding to control polymers, made in the same way but without the addition of protein templates, showed progressive binding typical of non-specific recognition. Reductions in the observed current transmission due to bonding to the polymer surface of non-conductive protein have been used as a measure of re-binding. It was found that when challenged with 1 part per million protein in solution, the current reductions for the lysozyme and cytochrome c imprinted electrodes were 30.3 and 66.2%, respectively, compared to 4.5 and 29.9% for their respective control electrodes. All measurements carried out at -0.1 V with Ag/AgCl reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
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Rick J, Chou TC. Amperometric protein sensor – fabricated as a polypyrrole, poly-aminophenylboronic acid bilayer. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:329-35. [PMID: 16757163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An approach to the design of electrodes for the production of sensors, which show significant changes to the passage of current in response to the concentration of target protein molecules, is presented. Screen-printed platinum electrodes, modified with two separately applied conducting polymer layers, have been developed as a potential route to forming cheap disposable protein sensors. To achieve a heightened response for the target molecules, an initial layer of polypyrrole was formed on the electrode's surface by electro-deposition. This composite was then employed as a substrate for the subsequent electro-deposition of a relatively thin 'sensing layer' of poly-aminophenylboronic acid. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the prepared films revealed an excursion in the current versus potential curve in the anodic phase at approximately 0.0 to +0.2V. It was clearly shown that the introduction of proteins into the CV cell resulted in a measurable decrease in the passage of current in buffered aqueous media. Measured current reductions observed on introducing lysozyme (10ppm) into the test solution were 2.3x10(-6)A for an electrode formed with a poly-aminophenylboronic acid layer on platinum, and 1.75x10(-5)A for a composite electrode formed with poly-aminophenylboronic acid on a polypyrrole coated platinum substrate. The introduction of the competing analytes, dl adrenaline or dopamine, at concentrations typically found in human urine, had little effect on the sensor's response. Additionally, the sensing system was able to maintain a response to added target proteins with as much as 2vol.% urine in the test solution. Using the electrodes in high concentrations of competing physiological analytes, they were able to respond to protein concentrations as low as 0.5ppm in buffered solutions containing urea at a concentration representative of human urine (17,000ppm), which additionally contained glucose (1000ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rick
- Chemical Engineering Department, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Hsu CY, Lin HY, Thomas JL, Wu BT, Chou TC. Incorporation of styrene enhances recognition of ribonuclease A by molecularly imprinted polymers. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:355-63. [PMID: 16781138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease A (RNase A) is an RNA-cleaving enzyme characterized by its high conformational stability and strong catalytic activity. This enzyme is ubiquitous in living organisms and is difficult to inactivate. In polymerase chain reaction (PCR) RNase activity is removed by adding inhibitors. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with high selectivity, high stability, low cost and facile synthesis could prove useful in extraction of target molecules, such as RNase A, from reaction mixtures. In this investigation, MIPs were synthesized from the monomers styrene and polyethyleneglycol 400 dimethacrylate (PEG400DMA) in several different ratios. Styrene as a functional monomer gave MIPs with a higher affinity for RNase A than other functional monomers tested, according to both enzyme-linked immnuosorbent assay (ELISA) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The optimum volume ratio of styrene/PEG400DMA was 20/100 at 25 degrees C, and this ratio maximized the rebinding efficiency of RNase A to MIPs. Isothermal titration calorimetry was also used, and could be useful to design the composition of molecularly imprinted polymers for various target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
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Hsu CY, Lin HY, Thomas JL, Chou TC. Synthesis of and recognition by ribonuclease A imprinted polymers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2006; 17:S77-S83. [PMID: 21727357 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/4/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ribonuclease (RNase), an enzyme which degrades RNA, is ubiquitous in living organisms, can renature after autoclaving, and is difficult to inactivate. The removal of RNase is especially necessary for the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and for in vitro transcription and translation. Typically, RNase inhibitors must be added to these reactions nowadays. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) could offer many advantages for removal of undesired enzymes, including high binding selectivity, stability, low cost, and facile synthesis. Surface imprinting, employing immobilized RNase, was used in this study to make the most effective use of the template molecules-clearly, inaccessible binding sites, no matter how well imprinted, are not useful for target binding. Different monomers and cross-linkers were used to synthesize RNase-templated MIPs, and the rebinding capacity of each composition was characterized. We found that using polyethylene glycol 400 dimethacrylate (PEG400DMA) gave the highest imprinting effectiveness (i.e. the highest RNase binding ratio between imprinted and non-imprinted polymers). However, including styrene monomer (50 wt%) gave polymers with the highest overall affinity for ribonuclease A (RNase A). Finally, isothermal titration calorimetry was used as an auxiliary tool to help elucidate the mechanisms of the binding of monomers to templates, and ligands to MIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China. Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Potyrailo RA. Polymeric Sensor Materials: Toward an Alliance of Combinatorial and Rational Design Tools? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:702-23. [PMID: 16419032 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Increased selectivity, response speed, and sensitivity in the chemical and biological determinations of gases and liquids are of great interest. Particular attention is paid to polymeric sensor materials, which are applicable to sensors exploiting various energy transduction principles, such as radiant, electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy. Ideally, numerous functional parameters of sensor materials can be tailored to meet specific needs using rational design approaches. However, increasing the structural and functional complexity of polymeric sensor materials makes it more difficult to predict the desired properties. Combinatorial and high-throughput methods have had an impact on all areas of research on polymer-based sensor materials including homo- and copolymers, formulated materials, polymeric structures with engineered morphology, and molecular shape-recognition materials. Herein we report on the state-of-the-art, the development trends, and the remaining knowledge gaps in the area of combinatorial polymeric sensor materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radislav A Potyrailo
- General Electric Company, Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York 12309, USA.
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Potyrailo RA. Materialien für Sensorpolymere: Möglichkeiten kombinatorischen Designs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Turner NW, Jeans CW, Brain KR, Allender CJ, Hlady V, Britt DW. From 3D to 2D: A Review of the Molecular Imprinting of Proteins. Biotechnol Prog 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/bp060122g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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